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1
Guo, Tao, Quan Min Xie, Ming Shou Zhong, Yi Shan Li, and Ying Gao. "LW Algorithm in the Application Research of Digital Blasting Vibration Signal Compression." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 3068–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.3068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On the demands of real-time and effective transmission of a huge number of data in the construction of digital blasting vibration measurement information management system, lifting wavelet algorithm was introduced for blasting vibration signal compression. Interpolation wavelet, lifting db and traditional db wavelets were used for decomposition-threshold processing-reconstruction. Compression algorithm for the short-term and non-stationary blasting vibration signal was proposed, by analyzing the compression quality. Research results lay a favorable data processing basis for the construction of digital blasting vibration measurement platform and large network blasting vibration monitoring system.
2
Koteleva, Natalia, and Ilia Frenkel. "Digital Processing of Seismic Data from Open-Pit Mining Blasts." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010383.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article describes an approach of mathematical processing of signals (seismograms) from five blasthole charges from experimental blasting, each 3 m deep, with equal explosive weight (1 kg), and equidistant (3 m) from one other. The seismic explosive waves were measured at a 13 to 25 m distance. This article provides spectral analysis, wavelet analysis, and fractal analysis results. It defines the dependence of dominant frequency and amplitude on the distance to the blast center. According to the experimental data, the dominant frequency is calculated as y = 1.0262x0.2622 and the amplitude dependency as y = 18.139x−2.276. Furthermore, the analysis shows that 80% of the entire signal is concentrated in half the area of frequency range, i.e., the low frequency zone is of the most interest. This research defines the dependence of distance on the energy value of signal wavelet analysis. It is demonstrated that, according to the experimental data, the 12th frequency range is closely correlated with the distance values. This article gives the definitions of entropy, correlation dimension, and predictability time. This experiment shows that entropy and correlation dimension decrease but predictability time increases when the distance to the blast center increases. This article also describes the method for determining optimal drilling and blasting parameters, and concludes with the possibility of applying the analytical results to predicting and enhancing drilling and blasting operations.
3
Isheyskiy, Valentin, Evgeny Martinyskin, Sergey Smirnov, Anton Vasilyev, Kirill Knyazev, and Timur Fatyanov. "Specifics of MWD Data Collection and Verification during Formation of Training Datasets." Minerals 11, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080798.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a structured analysis in the area of measurement while drilling (MWD) data processing and verification methods, as well as describes the main nuances and certain specifics of “clean” data selection in order to build a “parent” training database for subsequent use in machine learning algorithms. The main purpose of the authors is to create a trainable machine learning algorithm, which, based on the available “clean” input data associated with specific conditions, could correlate, process and select parameters obtained from the drilling rig and use them for further estimation of various rock characteristics, prediction of optimal drilling and blasting parameters, and blasting results. The paper is a continuation of a series of publications devoted to the prospects of using MWD technology for the quality management of drilling and blasting operations at mining enterprises.
4
Guo, Li, Cai Wu Lu, and Zhen Yang. "CAD Secondary Development of Medium-Depth Hole Blasting Design System Based on Object/ARX." Applied Mechanics and Materials 65 (June 2011): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.65.285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The medium-depth blasting design of underground mining needs to do a lot of data- processing of geological survey and graphics rendering. It is repetitive and tedious. This paper introduces a Medium-depth hole blasting design CAD system (MHBD) based on Object/ARX. However, the system of non-pillar sublevel caving can decrease the labor intensity, reduce design time and improve labor efficiency.
5
Basargin, Andrei A., and Viktor S. Pisarev. "DESIGN OF DRILLING AND EXPLOSION WORKS IN UNDERGROUND MINING USING IN MICROMINE GGIS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-1-1-3-14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the modern world, an increasing number of enterprises involved in geological exploration and exploration use special software and information systems in their work. The use of such systems can significantly accelerate the processing and analysis of information. They make it possible to automate the processing and interpretation of geological exploration data, as well as use them to model deposits and design underground drilling and blasting operations. GGIS Micromine will automate the design of drilling and blasting operations while ensuring well placement taking into account the block geometry and rock properties, and a rational distribution of borehole charges for the most efficient crushing of rock mass. In conditions of high intensity of mining operations at the MGIS quarries, Micromine ensures the efficiency and multivariance of design decisions when performing blasting.
6
Yastrebova, Karina, Dmitriy Moldovan, and Vladimir Chernobay. "Influence of the nature of the outflow of explosion products from blast holes and boreholes on the efficiency of rock destruction." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017401017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of the quality of rock preparation before blasting for the further processing has been considered. The data that can solve the problem of keeping explosion products in the charging chamber, increasing productivity of mining companies have been presented. Based on field tests and further processing of the obtained data, conclusions on solving the relevant problem have been made.
7
Wróblewski, Adam, Jacek Wodecki, Paweł Trybała, and Radosław Zimroz. "A Method for Large Underground Structures Geometry Evaluation Based on Multivariate Parameterization and Multidimensional Analysis of Point Cloud Data." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 6302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176302.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In underground mining, new workings (tunnels) are constructed by blasting or mechanical excavation. The blasting technique used in underground mines is supported by economic aspects, especially for deposits characterized by hard rocks. Unfortunately, the quality of the result may be different than expected in terms of the general geometry of work or the roughness of excavation surfaces. The blasting technique is also a source of vibrations that may affect other existing structures, affecting their stability. Therefore, it is of great importance to monitor both the quality of the new tunnels and changes in existing tunnels that may cause rockfall from the sidewalls and ceilings of both new and existing tunnels. The length of mining tunnels and support structures in underground mines is massive. Even if one would like to limit monitoring of tunnel geometry to those used every day for major technological processes such as transport, it is a vast amount of work. What is more, any stationary monitoring system is hard to utilize both due to everyday blasting procedures and mobile machine operation. The method proposed here is based on quick LiDAR/Terrestrial Laser Scanner measurements to obtain a cloud of points, which allows generating the spatial model of a mine’s geometry. Data processing procedures are proposed to extract several parameters describing the geometry of the tunnels. Firstly, the model is re-sampled to obtain its uniform structure. Next, a segmentation technique is applied to separate the cross sections with a specific resolution. Statistical parameters are selected to describe each cross section for final 1D feature analysis along the tunnel length. Such a set of parameters may serve as a basis for blasting evaluation, as well as long-term deformation monitoring. The methodology was tested and validated for the data obtained in a former gold and arsenic mine Zloty Stok, Poland.
8
Xia, Jieqin, Bin Dou, Hong Tian, Jun Zheng, Guodong Cui, and Muhammad Kashif. "Research on Initiation of Carbon Dioxide Fracturing Pipe Using the Liquid Carbon Dioxide Phase-Transition Blasting Technology." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030521.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Liquid carbon dioxide (L-CO2) phase-transition blasting technology (LCPTB) has caused wide concern in many fields, but there is a lack of research on the initiation of the carbon dioxide fracturing pipe. Studies regarding the carbon dioxide fracturing pipe initiation are critical for controlling and optimizing the LCPTB. Therefore, in this article, a series of exploratory experiments of carbon dioxide blasting were carried out to investigate the qualitative and quantitative relationships between the carbon dioxide fracturing pipe initiation and the three key variables (the filling mass of liquid carbon dioxide (L-CO2) (X1), the amount of chemical heating material (X2) and the thickness of the constant-stress shear plate (X3)). The failure mechanisms of three variables on the phase-transition blasting process of a carbon dioxide fracturing pipe was analyzed qualitatively based on experiment temperature, strain curve and failure form of constant-stress shear plate. An empirical model between the carbon dioxide fracturing pipe initiation (Y) and the three key variables (X1, X2, X3) was obtained after processing experiment result data quantitatively. Based on the phase-transition and blasting process of carbon dioxide, two methods, the Viral–Han–Long (VHL) equation of gas state (EOS) and the strength-failure method were used to calculate the blasting pressure and determine the failure mode of the fracturing pipe. The proposed blasting empirical model can be used to optimize the structural design of carbon dioxide fracturing pipes, guide on-site carbon dioxide blasting operations and further achieve the best blasting effect of LCPTB, so this work can enable LCPTB to be better applied to practical projects.
9
Lv, Shu Ran, Qing Nan Wei, and Kai Yang. "Explosion Experimental Study Based on the Small Tailings Pond Model." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.485.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Explosion experiment was implemented on the small tailings dam model, aims to study the explosion effect of tailings sand under the action of the explosion. Explosion experiment includes three phases; experimental points were set respectively in the starter dam, embankment and deposited beach. In this experiment, blasting vibration velocity and vertical displacement of sand body are measured and collected, so did the tailings sand’s moisture content, cracks’ size, blasting crater, water and sand spurt phenomenon. Experimental results show that the buried conditions and tailings dam’s moisture content have a significant impact on explosion effect. By processing the velocity and displacement data, the attenuation law of blast vibration velocity in the tailings dam is reached, the blasting vibration velocity corresponding to crack damage of sand body is predicted, and the relationship between failure phenomenon of the tailings dam and the displacement produced by explosion is obtained.
10
Trofimov, Vitaly, and Ivan Shipovskii. "Simulation fragmentation of samples of rock at explosive loading." E3S Web of Conferences 192 (2020): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019201013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research to improve the definition of rational parameters for blasting is becoming increasingly important and valuable. This is especially true in the era of digital technology, which allows miners to realize a holistic vision of optimizing the entire process - from the quarry to the receipt of the final product at the processing plant. The proposed computer simulation based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method in AUTODYN computer complex to optimize the explosion results by integrating the initial data - charge parameters and rock properties, is aimed at improving measures that reduce the total cost of drilling and blasting, increasing mining productivity and safety. The presented calculations make it possible to estimate the number of fragments and their initial expansion velocity for various explosives.
11
Zhou, Wei, Lichao Nie, Fahe Sun, Xinji Xu, and Yi Zhang. "Automatic Approach for Fast Processing and Data Analysis of Seismic Ahead-Prospecting Method: A Case Study in Yunnan, China." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (October 13, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8947591.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The seismic ahead-prospecting method is useful to detect anomalous zones in front of the tunnel face. However, most existing seismic detection method is designed for drilling and blasting tunnel. The detection method should be improved to satisfy the rapid tunneling of Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs). This study focuses on reducing the time spent on seismic data processing and result analysis. Therefore, to reduce the data processing time, an automatic initial model establishment method based on surrounding rock grade is proposed. To reduce the time spent on result analysis and avoid subjective judgment, a modified k-means++ method is adopted to interpret the detecting results and extracting anomalous zones. The efficacy of the developed method is demonstrated by field tests. The fractured zones such as cavity collapse and fissure are successfully predicted and identified.
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Pratidina, Stefanus Jagad Gineung Jagad Gineung, Desy Rachmawati, Latif Muhammad Badra, Nur Fajar, Muhammad Faqih, and Fahri Lundeto. "OPTIMALISASI DISTRIBUSI DAN TINGKAT ENERGI BAHAN PELEDAK DENGAN SISTEM DIFFERENTIAL ENERGY TM (DELTA E)." Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v1i1.83.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRAK Kondisi geologi yang heterogen menjadi salah satu tantangan pada operasional penggalian dan pengangkutan dalam proses penambangan. Peledakan konvensional sejak lama dilakukan untuk membantu proses pemberaian batuan, namun paradigma yang sampai sekarang masih umum digunakan yaitu bagaimana memakai energi sebesar-besarnya untuk menghancurkan batuan. Hal ini menjadi kurang efisien karena tidak memperhatikan variasi litologi batuan dan masih berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai macam isu, seperti fragmentasi yang buruk, recovery penggalian rendah, serta biaya peledakan yang tinggi. Pemanfaatan bahan peledak dengan tingkat workable energy yang tepat (Berta, 1985) serta distribusinya di dalam lubang berdasarkan jenis litologi dibutuhkan untuk mewujudkan peledakan yang optimal. Teknologi Differential EnergyTM yang mengombinasikan automatic gassing system pada truk MPU (mobile processing unit) dengan high viscosity emulsion product dapat memberikan fleksibilitas dalam pengaturan densitas bahan peledak tanpa mengurangi ketahanan terhadap air. Hal ini memungkinkan pengisian emulsi curah dengan berbagai tingkat energi di dalam satu lubang ledak yang sama secara cepat dan akurat. Selain itu, persentase workable energy yang dihasilkan lebih besar dibanding ANFO maupun bahan peledak emulsi biasa. Makalah ini membahas mengenai tahap 1 penerapan Differential EnergyTM dalam operasional peledakan, dimana fokus utamanya yaitu mencapai nilai densitas tunggal yang masih dapat menghasilkan kualitas maksimal. Pengambilan data dilakukan di tambang batubara PT Berau Coal jobsite Buma - Lati yang berada di Kabupaten Berau, Kalimantan Timur dari bulan Agustus 2018 hingga Juli 2019. Hasil yang diperoleh dari studi menunjukkan Differential EnergyTM mampu mencapai densitas 0.7 g/cc dan memberikan peningkatan dari sisi kualitas fragmentasi peledakan, produktivitas unit digger, nilai recovery, serta pengurangan biaya peledakan akibat penurunan nilai powder factor, penurunan konten AN, dan penerapan expanded pattern. Sistem Differential EnergyTM tetap membutuhkan analisis geologi yang komprehensif serta kontrol operasional yang baik. Apabila litologi batuan sudah diketahui maka penempatan bahan peledak dengan tingkat workable energy yang tepat bisa dilakukan, sehingga penggunaan energi bahan peledak bisa lebih efisien dan optimal. Kata kunci: workable energy, distribusi energi, peledakan, Differential EnergyTM ABSTRACT Heterogeneous geological conditions have become one of the challenges for the operational of excavation and transportation in the mining process. Conventional blasting has long been done to help the process of rock dispersion, but the paradigm that is still commonly used today is how to use maximum energy to destroy rocks. This becomes less efficient because it does not pay attention to variations in rock lithology and still has the potential to cause a variety of issues, such as poor fragmentation, low excavation recovery, and high blasting costs. The use of explosives with the right level of workable energy (Berta, 1985) and their distribution in holes based on the type of lithology are needed to create optimal blasting. Differential EnergyTM technology that combines automatic gassing systems in MPU (mobile processing unit) trucks with high viscosity emulsion products can provide flexibility in adjusting the density of explosive without reducing its water resistance. This allows the charging of bulk emulsions with various energy levels for the same explosive hole quickly and accurately. In addition, the percentage of workable energy produced is greater than ANFO or ordinary emulsion explosives. This paper discusses phase 1 of the application of Differential EnergyTM in blasting operations, where the main focus is to achieve a single density value that can still produce maximum quality. Data was collected at PT Berau Coal, Buma - Lati jobsite in Berau District, East Kalimantan from August 2018 to July 2019. The results obtained from the study show that Differential EnergyTM is able to reach a density of 0.7 g/cc and provide an improvement in blasting fragmentation quality, digger unit productivity, blasting recovery value, and reduction in blasting costs due to a decrease in powder factor, decreased AN content, and expanded pattern application. The Differential EnergyTM system still requires comprehensive geological analysis and good operational control. If rock lithologies have been detailed then the placement of explosives with the right level of workable energy can be done, so that the use of explosive energy can be more efficient and optimal. Keywords: workable energy, energy distribution, blasting, Differential EnergyTM
13
Kovacs, Attila, Bogdan Garaliu-Busoi, Daniela Carmen Rus, Claudia Miron, and Olga Miclea. "Methodology for measuring the seismic effects generated by quarry blasting works." MATEC Web of Conferences 373 (2022): 00060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237300060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Exploitation of useful mineral substances by surface works is an important branch of mining activity. For rocks of low strength or weak aggregation, the method of extraction by mechanical means (excavators of various types, draglines) is successfully applied, but for rocks of medium and high strength, aggregated with or without cracks, or other geological anomalies, the method of extraction generalized exploitation is that by drilling-blasting, using explosives appropriate to the field conditions and correlated according to the technical possibilities and the geometry of the work. One of the major disadvantages to the technologies where drillingblasting works are applied is the generation of seismic waves, which will propagate after the detonation of the charges. In the common situation, where in the area of operation are civilian or industrial targets, that need to be protected, it is important to monitor these effects by performing seismic measurements and then processing the data to adjust the blasting technique in order to reduce these seismic waves in intensity, but while maintaining adequate performance parameters. The paper presents the methodology based on technical-scientific principles for performing these measurements, applied to surface exploitation.
14
Tyupin, V. N. "Finding velocity of roller-bit and rotary-percussive drilling using the energy conservation law." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, no. 6 (May 20, 2020): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2020-6-0-76-84.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Velocity of roller-bit and rotary-percussive drilling depends on many factors distributed in 4 groups in technical literature: rock properties, bit parameters, bit-rock interaction conditions and drilling modes. Literature sources present some very complex formulas which need finding empirical coefficients before determining drilling velocity, i.e. the formulas are difficult to use. Moreover, the formulas neglect jointing of rock masses. At the same time, mathematical relations connecting drilling velocity, drilling mode and drillability of jointed rocks will make it possible to rate drilling processes and adjust blasting parameters. These studies aim to determine velocity of roller-bit and rotary-percussive drilling using the energy conservation law. The used method of mathematical modeling allowed obtaining formulas for rock drilling velocity with regard to drilling modes, bit parameters, factor of rock hardness (strength) and rock mass jointing. The validity of the relations of the roller-bit and rotary-percussive drilling velocity is proved. The reliability of the drilling velocity formulas can be determined by means of investigations performed in open pit mines, with recording of all parameters and with mathematical processing of the data. The mathematical relations connecting drilling velocity, drilling modes, drill bit parameters and drillability of jointed rocks will enable rating of drilling and adjustment of blasting patterns.
15
Goryk, Alexey, Stanislav Koval’chuk, Oleksandr Brykun, and Roman Chernyak. "Viscoelastic Resistance of the Surface Layer of Steel Products to Shock Attack of a Spherical Pellet." Key Engineering Materials 864 (September 2020): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.864.217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The results of experimental studies of a separate contact dynamic interaction of a spherical non-deformable pellet with a plastic flat metal surface at different angles of attack (20° ≤ α ≤ 90°) at high speeds (v ≈ 100m/s) are presented. A method is described for determining the nature of the viscoelastic resistance of a surface layer attacked by a pellet during contact displacement along the normal to the surface and rigid plastic resistance during tangential displacement, which can be used to establish the processing regimes of products by a mass flow of abrasive particles, in particular, shot-blasting cleaning. The results of comparing the obtained and known theoretical data with each other and with experimental studies are presented.
16
ZHARIKOV, Sergey, and Vyacheslav KUTUEV. "Interrelations between technological processes of open-pit mining." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2022-14-3-479-485.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. High productivity in mining processes is possible only with sufficient consistency between mining processes: drilling – blasting – excavation – transportation. The relationships between drilling and blasting processes are most well studied, although there are also a number of issues related to the interpretation of data and the choice of efficiency criteria. The further link between blasting by excavation and transportation is incomplete, therefore, there is no clear direction of systematic and coordinated cost optimization in the mining processes. Getting efficiency in one process can lead to inefficiency of adjacent processes. Therefore, it is desirable that the criteria for the efficiency of work were universal and, at the same time, could reflect the individual specifics of the process. The purpose of the research. The purpose of the research was to establish links between mining processes by taking into account their energy characteristics. Research methodology. In the course of the research, modeling of the processes of drilling wells, explosive destruction, and excavation was widely used. Methods of mathematical statistics, system analysis, synthesis, modeling and field experiments were used to identify the relationships. Model representations were compared with practical data and boundary conditions were specified. Research results. As a result of the research, a universal characteristic of the process has been established, which is the energy consumption per 1 cubic meter (J/m3 ). In the case of drilling and blasting geometrically, these are the energy costs spent on destroying the volume of rock beaten off by one well. For excavation, this is the energy for excavation and loading of rock mass, the properties of which are dependent on the energy of explosive destruction and the quality of the explosion, characterized by the geometric parameters of the collapse and the intensity of excavation work. Conclusion. It is revealed that the establishment of energy relationships between the extraction processes allows not only to evaluate their efficiency, but also opens up the possibility to regulate the specified loading intensity by calculating the number of cycles required for the face and timely delivery of the appropriate number of vehicles, and can also be the basis for more accurate statements of optimization problems, including taking into account anisotropy the mountain range and the variety of influencing organizational and technological factors of mining operations. It is advisable to develop further research in the direction of processing, as suggested by I. A. Tangaev. To link the energy parameters of drilling – blasting – excavation – transportation – crushing – crushing. Considering that modern systems of dispatching and monitoring of mining machines allow collecting real-time information from sensors of the main nodes of working mining equipment, and network technologies allow tracking this in real time, then matching energy costs in processes, or changing their balance, allows you to quickly identify the efficiency or inefficiency of work. This can significantly affect the practice of making managerial decisions.
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Li, Qiang, Yingchun Li, and Qingyuan He. "Mine-Microseismic-Signal Recognition Based on LMD–PNN Method." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 29, 2022): 5509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115509.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effective recognition of microseismic signal is related to the accuracy of mine-dynamic-disaster precursor-information processing, which is a difficult method of microseismic-data processing. A mine-microseismic-signal-identification method based on LMD energy entropy and the probabilistic neural network (PNN) is proposed. First, the Local-Mean-Decomposition (LMD) method is used to decompose the mine microseismic signal. Considering the problem of vector redundancy, combined with the correlation-coefficient method, the energy entropy of the effective product-function component (PF) is extracted as the feature vector of mine-microseismic-signal classification. Furthermore, the probabilistic neural network (PNN) is used for learning and training, and the blasting-vibration signal and the coal–rock-mass-rupture signal are effectively identified. The test results show that the recognition accuracy of the PNN is up to 90%, the calculation time and classification effect of the PNN are better, and the recognition accuracy is increased by 15% and 7.5%, respectively, compared with the traditional PBNN and GRNN. This method can accurately and effectively identify the microseismic signals of mines and has good generalization performance.
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Li, Lifeng, and Jhon Silva-Castro. "Synthesis of single-hole signatures by group delay for ground vibration control in rock blasting." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 13-14 (December 24, 2019): 1273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319892435.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prediction and control of ground vibrations become essential as with the development of neighborhoods in the proximity of active mining operations or the need for new infrastructure in urban centers, both requiring the use of blasting. Novel ground vibration prediction models attempt to reproduce a whole vibration waveform from a blast and are based, in most cases, on the collection of vibrational information from a single blasthole. A single blasthole should have the same characteristics (geometry and weights of explosives) as the blastholes used in production shots. In some cases, the collection of the fundamental information (the signature) is straightforward. In more complex cases, the fundamental information from ground vibration data is collected from previous production shots. This study presents a novel methodology to assess the fundamental ground vibration information (the signature) using known information such as one event waveform (a production shot waveform) and the timing sequence used (the comb function) for the shot. The methodology is based on the analysis of group delay, a concept widely used in signal processing, and is modified here for the analysis of ground vibration waveforms. The methodology is developed using real data collected in coal and quarry mining operations, and at the end of this document, one case study with step-by-step calculations is presented to show the benefits of the methodology.
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Novinkov, Aleksey, Sergey Protasov, and Pavel Samusev. "Ensuring Seismic Safety of Underground Mines During Blasting Operations in Combined Surface-Underground Deposit Development." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017401016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At present, there are no standard methods for assessing seismic safety of underground mines during blasting on the earth’s surface. The need for such assessments arises when underground mines are located near open-pit coal mines, when the mine fields development is continued into the open pit, and when open surface coal mines use highwall miners. The issues of assessing seismic safety can be complicated by the lack of experimental data on vibration parameters, for example, if the answer is already required at the stage of new mines designing. The paper also provides an analysis of experimental data, including the results of monitoring the state of underground mines during seismic impacts of varying degrees of intensity. It is shown that the spread of the observed PPV, at which local damage or deformation of the underground mines has taken place, attains high values. In the absence of such data for underground mines in specific mining and geological conditions, it is recommended that the maximum allowable PPV vпр be assigned taking into account the class of underground mines and the type of support. At the same time, it is noted that the recommended vпр values given in the literature relate to the openings that were driven in the solid without geological disturbances and anomalies; not deviating from regulatory requirements regarding the state of workings; in the absence of danger of groundwater breakthrough; in the absence of danger of gas-dynamic phenomena, and other negative factors. If this is not the case, according to the requirements of the Federal norms and rules of industrial safety, the seismic safety distance should be increased by 2 times. This requirement is equivalent to multiplying the maximum permissible vibration velocity by a decreasing coefficient k=2b, where the power of two is the regression parameter b obtained from the experimental data processing.
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Ma, Chunchi, Xuefeng Ran, Weihao Xu, Wenjin Yan, Tianbin Li, Kunkun Dai, Jiangjun Wan, Yu Lin, and Ke Tong. "Fine Classification Method for Massive Microseismic Signals Based on Short-Time Fourier Transform and Deep Learning." Remote Sensing 15, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020502.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Numerous microseismic signals are produced by rock mass fracture during earthquakes, geological disasters, or underground excavations. Moreover, a large amount of noise signals are captured during microseismic signal monitoring. Specifically, some noise signals closely resemble microseismic signals, which severely impedes the rapid and accurate detection of the latter and the assessment of geological hazards. Therefore, we propose a precise model for identifying and classifying microseismic signals based on deep learning technology and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) technology. First, the STFT time–frequency analysis reveals the unique characteristics of noise, microseismic, and blasting signals, thereby allowing noise signals that are very similar to microseismic signals in the time domain to be finely distinguished. Second, the introduced attention mechanism focuses the classification on essential signal features. Finally, because tens of thousands of actual monitoring data points are considered, the deep neural network for microseismic classification is trained and tested under complex geological engineering conditions. The results demonstrate that the neural network model has good time–frequency feature extraction ability, and the well-trained model can satisfactorily complete daily classifications. Moreover, the model performs well when classifying similar noise and low-SNR microseismic signals. We believe that this type of signal-processing method, which considers multiple perspectives, can be extended to data processing in many other data-driven fields.
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Kratkovskyi, Ihor, Ernest Yefremov, Kostyantyn Ishchenko, and Sergo Khomeriki. "X-ray diffraction method application to assess the energy losses on explosive-rock contact under various blasting." E3S Web of Conferences 168 (2020): 00051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016800051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dissipative energy losses of the explosion on the explosive-rock contact are usually evaluated with comparative analysis of the particle size distribution of finely dispersed fractions (0-100 microns). The more tiny particles contained in the destruction products, the higher there is a level of energy loss during the explosion. Fine dust granulometric characteristics are determined by processing the mass measurements data of the individual smallest particles sizes when decoding microphotographs obtained by a microscope. However due to the chromatic aberrations due the wave nature of light and the optical systems imperfection, it is not possible to reliably estimate the mass and granulometric characteristics particles of micron size. X-ray diffraction method for studying ultrafine rock fracture products makes it possible to estimate the dissipative energy losses on explosive-rock contact based on the reflected X-ray beam total intensity in diffractograms. In order to establish the effectiveness of methods for reducing the level of dissipative energy losses of an explosion, X-ray diffraction patterns of finely dispersed fracture products of rock samples under various conditions of dynamic loading are analyzed (using different charge designs, attenuating the rocks by the action of a surfactant, and the force action of a different gradient stress field).
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Wippich, Cornelia, Jörg Rissler, Dorothea Koppisch, and Dietmar Breuer. "Estimating Respirable Dust Exposure from Inhalable Dust Exposure." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64, no. 4 (February 28, 2020): 430–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the sector of occupational safety and health only a limited amount of studies are concerned with the conversion of inhalable to respirable dust. This conversion is of high importance for retrospective evaluations of exposure levels or of occupational diseases. For this reason a possibility to convert inhalable into respirable dust is discussed in this study. To determine conversion functions from inhalable to respirable dust fractions, 15 120 parallel measurements in the exposure database MEGA (maintained at the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance) are investigated by regression analysis. For this purpose, the whole data set is split into the influencing factors working activity and material. Inhalable dust is the most important predictor variable and shows an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.585 (R2 adjusted to sample size). Further improvement of the model is gained, when the data set is split into six working activities and three material groups (e.g. high temperature processing, adj. R2 = 0.668). The combination of these two variables leads to a group of data concerned with high temperature processing with metal, which gives rise to a better description than the whole data set (adj. R2 = 0.706). Although it is not possible to refine these groups further systematically, seven improved groups are formed by trial and error, with adj. R2 between 0.733 and 0.835: soldering, casting (metalworking), welding, high temperature cutting, blasting, chiseling/embossing, and wire drawing. The conversion functions for the seven groups are appropriate candidates for data reconstruction and retrospective exposure assessment. However, this is restricted to a careful analysis of the working conditions. All conversion functions are power functions with exponents between 0.454 and 0.946. Thus, the present data do not support the assumption that respirable and inhalable dust are linearly correlated in general.
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Kulynych, Viktoriia, Valerii Chebenko, Ruslan Puzyr, and Iryna Pieieva. "Modelling the influence of gaseous products of explosive detonation on the processes of crack treatment while rock blasting." Mining of Mineral Deposits 15, no. 3 (September 2021): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining15.03.102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose is mathematical modeling of fracturing as well as influence of gaseous products of explosive detonation on the changes in rock strength. Methods. Mathematical model, using foundations of Griffith theory, has been developed. To explain conditions of bridge formation while exploding lead azide charges, a two-stage description of solid particle condensation at a crack surface and inside it has been applied using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics. The analysis, involved electronic microscope, has helped verified the results experimentally. Findings. The effect of rock mass disturbance, resulting from explosive destruction, is manifested maximally right after the action. Subsequently, it decreases owing to the gradual relaxation of the formed defects. Therefore, an urgent problem is to develop ways slowing down strength restore of the blasted rock mass fragments. The process of rock fragment strength restoring may be prevented by microparticles getting into the microcrack cavities together with the detonation products. The research simulates their action. The data correlate to the simulation results confirming potential influence of the blasted rock on the dynamics of changes in the strength characteristics of the rock mass. Various compositions of charges with shells made of inert solid additions have been applied which solid particles can avoid the process of microcrack closure. Originality. For the first time, the possibility of deposition formation within rock micro- and macrocracks has been proposed and supported mathematically. Practical implications. Strength properties of the finished product and the energy consumption during impulse loading as well as subsequent mechanical processing of nonmetallic building materials depend on the strength properties of rock mass fragments. Hence, the ability to control the strength restore has a great practical value. Moreover, it can be implemented during the blasting operations.
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Dominy, Simon, Louisa O’Connor, Anita Parbhakar-Fox, Hylke Glass, and Saranchimeg Purevgerel. "Geometallurgy—A Route to More Resilient Mine Operations." Minerals 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8120560.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Geometallurgy is an important addition to any evaluation project or mining operation. As an integrated approach, it establishes 3D models which enable the optimisation of net present value and effective orebody management, while minimising technical and operational risk to ultimately provide more resilient operations. Critically, through spatial identification of variability, it allows the development of strategies to mitigate the risks related to variability (e.g., collect additional data, revise the mine plan, adapt or change the process strategy, or engineer flexibility into the system). Geometallurgy promotes sustainable development when all stages of extraction are performed in an optimal manner from a technical, environmental, and social perspective. To achieve these goals, development of innovative technologies and approaches along the entire mine value chain are being established. Geometallurgy has been shown to intensify collaboration among operational stakeholders, creating an environment for sharing orebody knowledge and improving data acquisition and interpretation, leading to the integration of such data and knowledge into mine planning and scheduling. These aspects create better business optimisation and utilisation of staff, and lead to operations that are more resilient to both technical and non-technical variability. Geometallurgy encompasses activities that utilise improved understanding of the properties of ore and waste, which impact positively or negatively on the value of the product, concentrate, or metal. Properties not only include those that impact on processing efficiency, but also those of materials which will impact on other actions such as blasting and waste management. Companies that embrace the geometallurgical approach will benefit from increased net present value and shareholder value.
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Malehmir, Alireza, Suvi Heinonen, Mahdieh Dehghannejad, Pasi Heino, Georgiana Maries, Fredrik Karell, Mikko Suikkanen, and Aleksi Salo. "Landstreamer seismics and physical property measurements in the Siilinjärvi open-pit apatite (phosphate) mine, central Finland." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): B29—B48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0443.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We tested the applicability of a newly developed broadband (0–800 Hz) digital-based seismic landstreamer for open-pit mine planning in the apatite-bearing Siilinjärvi mine in central Finland. Four seismic profiles, in total approximately 2.5 km long (2–4 m source and landstreamer receiver spacing), two inside the pit and two on its margins, were acquired in combination with wireless recorders connected to 10 Hz geophones and fixed at every 10 m spacing along the seismic profiles while the streamer data were being acquired. Downhole logging and laboratory physical property measurements on core and rock samples were carried out to not only support the seismic interpretations but also to provide information about the possible geophysical signature of these unique types of deposits. In spite of a highly noisy mining environment, seismic data of high quality were acquired; however, reflection processing and interpretations were challenged by the geologic complexities of several generations of basic and carbonatite dikes. To complement the reflection data imaging and to account for the steep elevation changes and crookedness of some of the seismic profiles, 3D first-arrival traveltime tomography and 3D swath reflection imaging were also carried out. Clear refracted arrivals from the open-pit profiles suggest the possibility of low-velocity zones associated with either blasting or several shear zones intersecting the seismic profiles. In terms of reflectivity, reflections have a different appearance from short and flat to longer and steep ones. The downhole- and borehole logging data suggest that some of these reflections are associated with diabase dikes and some are likely from zones of weaknesses in the alkaline-carbonatite complex. We determine the potential of using seismic streamers for cost- and time-effective open-pit mine planning and encourage further testing in simpler geologic settings to be established.
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Proskuryakov, V. I., and I. V. Rodionov. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE ALLOYING COVERING ON THE CHANGE IN THE STRUCTURE AND MICROHARDNESS OF STAINLESS STEEL 12KH18N10T." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 2(249) (February 25, 2021): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2021-2-249-88-92.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to the experimental analysis of the influence of the process of laser pulsed alloying in a layer of alloying mixture on the qualitative and physical and mechanical characteristics of the modified surface of stainless chromium-nickel steel of the austenitic class 12Cr18Ni10T. It was found that the use of graphite paste as an alloying compound leads to a significant increase in microhardness, a change in micromorphology, and the formation of a heat hardening zone in the near-surface layer of steel. The smoothing of the boundaries of structural changes is revealed and the effect of surface hardening is determined when a finely dispersed powder of titanium dioxide (anatase) is added to the alloying coating. According to the data obtained, a comparative analysis of the dependence of the microhardness of the modified surface on the voltage of the pump lamp and the diameter of the laser pulse spot is carried out. The maximum microhardness value, equal to 9,56 GPa, was achieved as a result of laser processing of a series of samples, where graphite paste was applied as a preliminary surface preparation. Rational technological modes of laser modification of the surface of 12Cr18Ni10T steel that have previously undergone abrasive blasting, modes of laser pulsed alloying in a layer of graphite coating and laser pulsed alloying of steel in a layer of coating consisting of graphite paste and anatase powder in a ratio of 4:1, respectively, are recommended.
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Lebedev, A. A., and N. V. Sharov. "Results of recording sonic waves by seismic stations in the territory of Karelia." Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal 43, no. 4 (October 5, 2021): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24028/gzh.v43i4.239967.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In spite of a relatively low seismic activity level, the detailed study of Karelia is not only of theoretical, scientific interest, but is also of practical value which has increased markedly because there are big industrial complexes, gas pipelines and hydrotechnical facilities in the region. The results of recording sonic waves of various nature by stationary and mobile seismic stations are presented. For the observation period 2000—2020 an array of seismic data has been accumulated. In order to correctly understand the nature of the signals under consideration, it should be noted that North Karelia is known to belong to seismic regions, where 5-point earthquakes have taken place earlier. They were distinguished from earthquakes generated by frost cracking by both visual and instrumental data. They are known throughout Fennoscandia. This group comprises both tremors during frost cracking of the soil, primarily with a sharp change in temperature, and frost cracking of ice in inland water bodies. To decide on the nature of ground shaking, it is necessary to pay attention to such signs as the limited area of oscillations and the nature of the wave record. As a result of seismic monitoring of Karelia, the following frost quakes were also recorded: the passage of the bolidi, the take-off of an aircraft, blasting operations during the disposal of ammunition and mining in the immediate vicinity of residential areas and industrial facilities. A wide range of possible sources and examples of sound waveforms are shown. The data obtained indicate the possibility of some shocks with a force of up to 4ѕ5 points in the immediate vicinity of the place of registration, what should be considered in the routine processing of seismic events and seismic hazard assessment in the southeastern Fennoscandian Shield.
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Wildani, Elgi, Fitriana Meilasari, Budhi Purwoko, Hendri Sutrisno, and Syahrudin Syahrudin. "SLOPE STABILITY TECHNICAL STUDY USING SLOPE MASS RATING (SMR) METHOD AT PT. KARYA SUMBER ALAM PERKASA, SANGGAU REGENCY, KALIMANTAN BARAT." Jurnal TEKNIK-SIPIL 22, no. 2 (December 16, 2022): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jtsft.v22i2.57303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil (topsoil and overburden) above the granite quarry in pit 2 (two) PT. Karya Sumber Alam Perkasa has experienced a landslide. It is probably caused by the condition of pit 2 (two) slopes at PT. Karya Sumber Alam Perkasa, which is currently being mined, is quite steep. External factors that can trigger the movement of rock masses are vibrations due to breakers. This condition has the potential to increase the risk of slope stability. Slope stability is influenced by geological conditions, joints, slope geometry, water conditions below the soil surface, physical and mechanical properties, and vibrations due to blasting and mechanical equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a technical study of slope stability. The research aims to study rock mass class, potential type of landslide, and potential slope stability. The technical study of slope stability uses the Slope Mass Rating (SMR) method. Data processing using software Rocscience Dips 7.016. Analysis of potential types of landslides based on stereographic projections. The result of the RMR calculation is 78, so the rock mass class is number II, which is included in the excellent category. The results analysis of the potential for the type of failure indicates t tends to lead to the toppling failure, but after the study, there is no failure because it does not meet the landslide requirements. The result of the analysis of potential slope stability is that the slope in pit 2 (two) is safe or stable because the SMR value is 78 and the safety factor value is 2,458.
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Li, Yan, Li, Meng, and Yan. "A Method of FPGA-Based Extraction of High-Precision Time-Difference Information and Implementation of Its Hardware Circuit." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 5067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: The positioning technology to find shallow underground vibration sources based on a wireless sensor network is receiving great interest in the field of underground position measurements. The slow peaking and strong multi-waveform aliasing typical of the underground vibration signal result in a low extraction accuracy of the time difference and a poor source-positioning accuracy. At the same time, the transmission of large amounts of sensor data and the host computer’s slow data processing speed make locating a source a slow process. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a method for high-precision time-difference measurements in near-field blasting and a method for its hardware implementation. First, based on the broadband that is typical of blast waves, the peak frequency of the P-wave was obtained in the time–frequency domain, taking advantage of the difference in the propagation speed of the P-wave, S-wave, and the surface wave. Second, the phase difference between two sensor nodes was found by means of a spectral decomposition and a correlation measurement. Third, the phase ambiguity was eliminated using the time interval of the first break and the dynamic characteristics of the sensors. Finally, following a top-down design idea, the hardware system was designed using Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA). Verification, using both numerical simulations and experiments, suggested that compared with generalized cross-correlation-based time-difference measurement methods, the proposed method produced a higher time-difference resolution and accuracy. Compared with the traditional host computer post-position positioning method, the proposed method was significantly quicker. It can be seen that the proposed method provides a new solution for solving high-precision and quick source-location problems, and affords a technical means for developing high-speed, real-time source-location instruments.
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Kozar, V., S. Lashko, N. Halchenko, and L. Kazachenko. "MODELING OF THE GEOSPATIAL DATABASE FOR VIBRATION MONITORING IN SETTLEMENTS." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 164 (October 1, 2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-4-164-104-110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The processes of urbanization lead to increased levels of influence of physical factors and, in particular, vibration. Vibration can damage buildings and have an adverse effect on the human body. Therefore, the issues of improving vibration monitoring systems are relevant. The presence of a spatial component in the data on the vibration situation indicates the feasibility of using geographic information systems in this area. The works of scientists in various fields of science are devoted to the study of the influence of vibrations on human beings and their environment. In existing studies the basic methodological principles for assessing the impact of vibration on people and environment were defined and methods for estimating vibration levels were developed. However, insufficient attention to the problems of vibration monitoring in the settlements is paid. The modern settlement can be described as a complex system formed by many interconnected anthropogenic and natural elements of the territories. Some components of this system belong to the category of objects that need to be protected from vibration, others are sources of vibration, and some belong to both categories. Facilities that require measures to protect against vibration include residential and public buildings, residential areas, parks, squares, recreation areas. Sources of vibration in buildings include: transport, industrial enterprises and installations, engineering equipment of buildings, built-in enterprises of trade, consumer services, etc. Geospatial data in the monitoring systems of the territory of the settlement is multisectoral and complex. Appropriate spatial data infrastructure is required for their efficient processing. Modeling of vibration monitoring system should be performed as part of the infrastructure of geospatial data at the local level. The basic set of spatial data for vibration monitoring included data on land plots, buildings, streets, utilities, railways, highways, hydrography, relief, soils, zoning. The «Address» class has been introduced to support address data. The set of thematic geospatial data includes information on the sources and areas of vibration pollution, control points and results of vibration levels, vibration protection devices, objects on which blasting or construction works are carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, a conceptual scheme of the geospatial database was developed. The proposed model can be the basis for designing the next stages of geographic information system for monitoring vibration.
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Wang, Yi, Xueyi Shang, Zewei Wang, and Rui Gao. "High-Accuracy Location of Microseismic Events in a Strong Inhomogeneous Mining Environment by Optimized Global Full Waveform Inversion." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 7205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High-accuracy determination of a microseismic (MS) location is the core task in MS monitoring. In this study, a 3D multi-scale grid Green’s function database, depending on recording wavefield frequency band for the target mining area, is pre-generated based on the reciprocity theorem and 3D spectral element method (SEM). Then, a multi-scale global grid search strategy is performed based on this pre-stored Green’s function database, which can be effectively and hierarchically processed by searching for the spatial location. Numerical wavefield modeling by SEM effectively overcomes difficulties in traditional and simplified ray tracing modeling, such as difficult wavefield amplitude and multi-path modeling in 3D focusing and defusing velocity regions. In addition, as a key step for broadband waveform simulation, the source-time function estimated from a new data-driven singular value decomposition averaged fractional derivative based wavelet function (DD-SVD-FD wavelet) was proposed to generate high-precision synthetic waveforms for better fitting observed broadband waveform than those by simple and traditional source-time function. Combining these sophisticated processing procedures, a new robust grid search and waveform inversion-based location (GSWI location) approach is integrated. In the synthetic test, we discuss and demonstrate the importance of 3D velocity model accuracy to waveform inversion-based location results for a practical MS monitoring configuration. Furthermore, the average location error of the 3D GSWI location for eight real blasting events is only 15.0 m, which is smaller than error from 3D ray tracing-based location (26.2 m) under the same velocity model. These synthetic and field application investigations prove the crucial role of 3D velocity model, finite-frequency travel-time sensitivity kernel characteristics and accurate numerical 3D broadband wavefield modeling for successful MS location in a strong heterogeneous velocity model that are induced by the presence of ore body, host rocks, complex tunnels, and large excavations.
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Dias, R., M. G. Xavier, F. D. Rossi, M. V. Neves, T. A. P. Lange, A. Giongo, C. A. F. De Rose, and E. W. Triplett. "MPI-blastn and NCBI-TaxCollector: Improving metagenomic analysis with high performance classification and wide taxonomic attachment." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 12, no. 03 (June 2014): 1450013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720014500139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Metagenomic sequencing technologies are advancing rapidly and the size of output data from high-throughput genetic sequencing has increased substantially over the years. This brings us to a scenario where advanced computational optimizations are requested to perform a metagenomic analysis. In this paper, we describe a new parallel implementation of nucleotide BLAST (MPI-blastn) and a new tool for taxonomic attachment of Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) results that supports the NCBI taxonomy (NCBI-TaxCollector). MPI-blastn obtained a high performance when compared to the mpiBLAST and ScalaBLAST. In our best case, MPI-blastn was able to run 408 times faster in 384 cores. Our evaluations demonstrated that NCBI-TaxCollector is able to perform taxonomic attachments 125 times faster and needs 120 times less RAM than the previous TaxCollector. Through our optimizations, a multiple sequence search that currently takes 37 hours can be performed in less than 6 min and a post processing with NCBI taxonomic data attachment, which takes 48 hours, now is able to run in 23 min.
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Guerrero-Araya, Enzo, Marina Muñoz, César Rodríguez, and Daniel Paredes-Sabja. "FastMLST: A Multi-core Tool for Multilocus Sequence Typing of Draft Genome Assemblies." Bioinformatics and Biology Insights 15 (January 2021): 117793222110592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11779322211059238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) is a precise microbial typing approach at the intra-species level for epidemiologic and evolutionary purposes. It operates by assigning a sequence type (ST) identifier to each specimen, based on a combination of alleles of multiple housekeeping genes included in a defined scheme. The use of MLST has multiplied due to the availability of large numbers of genomic sequences and epidemiologic data in public repositories. However, data processing speed has become problematic due to the massive size of modern datasets. Here, we present FastMLST, a tool that is designed to perform PubMLST searches using BLASTn and a divide-and-conquer approach that processes each genome assembly in parallel. The output offered by FastMLST includes a table with the ST, allelic profile, and clonal complex or clade (when available), detected for a query, as well as a multi-FASTA file or a series of FASTA files with the concatenated or single allele sequences detected, respectively. FastMLST was validated with 91 different species, with a wide range of guanine-cytosine content (%GC), genome sizes, and fragmentation levels, and a speed test was performed on 3 datasets with varying genome sizes. Compared with other tools such as mlst, CGE/MLST, MLSTar, and PubMLST, FastMLST takes advantage of multiple processors to simultaneously type up to 28 000 genomes in less than 10 minutes, reducing processing times by at least 3-fold with 100% concordance to PubMLST, if contaminated genomes are excluded from the analysis. The source code, installation instructions, and documentation of FastMLST are available at https://github.com/EnzoAndree/FastMLST
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Araujo, José Deney, Juan Carlo Santos-e-Silva, André Guilherme Costa-Martins, Vanderson Sampaio, Daniel Barros de Castro, Robson F. de Souza, Jeevan Giddaluru, et al. "Tucuxi-BLAST: Enabling fast and accurate record linkage of large-scale health-related administrative databases through a DNA-encoded approach." PeerJ 10 (July 11, 2022): e13507. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13507.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Public health research frequently requires the integration of information from different data sources. However, errors in the records and the high computational costs involved make linking large administrative databases using record linkage (RL) methodologies a major challenge. Methods We present Tucuxi-BLAST, a versatile tool for probabilistic RL that utilizes a DNA-encoded approach to encrypt, analyze and link massive administrative databases. Tucuxi-BLAST encodes the identification records into DNA. BLASTn algorithm is then used to align the sequences between databases. We tested and benchmarked on a simulated database containing records for 300 million individuals and also on four large administrative databases containing real data on Brazilian patients. Results Our method was able to overcome misspellings and typographical errors in administrative databases. In processing the RL of the largest simulated dataset (200k records), the state-of-the-art method took 5 days and 7 h to perform the RL, while Tucuxi-BLAST only took 23 h. When compared with five existing RL tools applied to a gold-standard dataset from real health-related databases, Tucuxi-BLAST had the highest accuracy and speed. By repurposing genomic tools, Tucuxi-BLAST can improve data-driven medical research and provide a fast and accurate way to link individual information across several administrative databases.
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Tasić, Srdjan, and Irena Tasić. "THE APPLICATION OF BIOINFORMATICS IN THE MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Bacillus licheniformis." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 1367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28041367s.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bioinformatics is the application of information technology in biology and includes the processes of gathering, processing and analysing experimental results. Bioinformatics now entails the creation and advancement of databases, algorithms, computational and statistical techniques, and theory to solve formal and practical problems arising from the management and analysis of biological data. Computers are necessary in microbiology because the manual comparison of multiple sequences has become unpractical. The research subject was the characterisation of the strain ST51 isolated from the thermal water well in Vranjska Banja, south eastern Serbia. Molecular characterisation of these three strains was performed by analysis of the tuf gene, which encodes the elongation factor Tu. The DNA sequences were compared to those deposited in GenBank. data bases using the BLAST program (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PROGRAM=blastn). The biochemical characterisation was performed using the API 50 CHB system (bioMerieux) and APIWEB TM software Ver. 4.1. The molecular characterisation of the strain ST51 proved the highest level of similarity to the strain Bacillus licheniformis marked as ATCC 14580 (99% identical). The biochemical characterization confirmed that the strain ST51 belongs to the species Bacillus licheniformis.Given that all the conducted analyses yielded a substantial number of data, they were processed and compared using biostatistics methods and tools in order to achieve the highest probability of resulted taxonomic classification. Modern research contributes to the analysis of a significant number of variables which is why considerably more statistical analyses are involved in their interpretation and presentation. Our results indicate that different methods are needed for proper determination and characterisation of isolates/strains. Regarding taxonomy, molecular methods are the most precise, while for physiological specificity biochemical methods are more reliable.
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Al Hadidi, Samer, Rafee Talukder, and Gustavo A. Rivero. "Serum Lipidome and Glucose Metabolism Uncover Vulnerabilities in Myelodysplasia and Secondary Acute Myelogenous Leukemia." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-143332.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Secondary acute myelogenous leukemia (sAML) is highly aggressive and molecularly heterogenous. Previous reports have demonstrated differential serum lipid expression among hemopoietic malignancies (i.e AML, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Such a distinct serum lipidome among hemopoietic disorders suggest "unique oncogenic metabolic addiction" of leukemia initiating cells (LICs). MDS to AML transition is characterized by clonal evolution [i.e severe aneuploidy, high P53 frequency etc.] and chemorefractoriness. However, mechanism(s) for transformation are not entirely understood. In this study, we investigate serum lipidome and "proxy" of glucose [HbA1C] metabolism among: (1) low risk, (2) high risk MDS and (3) sAML patients (pts) to identify features that may suggest disease specific vulnerabilities. Methods After IRB approval, 214 pts were selected for analysis. ANOVA was used to detect differential expression of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TAG) among low risk, high risk and sAML pts. Multivariate linear regression model was performed to evaluate the independent effect of confounders on relevant lipid modifications observed among subtypes of MDS and sAML pts. SAS software was used for data processing. Results 69/214 (32.2%), 26/214 (12.1%), 35/214 (16.3%), 35/214 (16.3%), 28/214 (13.08%), 21/214 (9.8%) were sAML, very low (VLR), low (LR), intermediate (I), high (H) and very high risk (VHR) MDS. Median age (range) was 68 y (42-91), 68 y (22-87), 70 y (55-91), 76 (53-88), 72 y (60-85) and 74 y (54-84), for sAML, VLR, LR, I, H and VHR, p=0.0001. In sAML, VLR, LR, I, HR and VHR MDS TC was 177 mg/dL, 150 mg/dL, 126 mg/dL, 134 mg/dL, 125 mg/dL and 122 mg/dL, p=0.0001; LDL was 113.4 mg/dL, 81.3 mg/dL, 67.8 mg/dL, 72 mg/dL, 63.2 mg/dL and 70.8 mg/dL, p=0.0001; HDL 35.8 mg/dL, 39.2 mg/dL, 36.1 mg/dL, 40 mg/dL, 33.7 mg/dL, 32.05 mg/dL, p=0.40; TAG 134 mg/dL, 140 mg/dL, 109 mg/dL, 120 , mg/dL 134 mg/dL, 98 mg/dL, p=0.1. Given "similarities" among MDS subgroups, "MDS lipid data" was compared vs sAML. Median TC, LDL, HDL and TAG among sAML vs MDS pts was 179.1 mg/dL vs 130.4 mg/dL, p=0.0001; 113 mg/dL vs 70.1 mg/dL, p=0.0001; 38.6 mg/dL vs 36.7 mg/dL, p=0.5; 142 mg/dL vs 116.6 mg/dL, p=0.056, respectively. 20/89 (22.7%) vs 69/89 (77.53%) sAML vs MDS pts, respectively were diabetic, p=0.002, OR =2.62; 95% CI 1.40-4.90. However, data extracted from 82 pts (16 sAML and 66 MDS, each) demonstrated that hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) was 7.84% vs 6.34%, in sAML vs MDS, respectively, p=0.009. Multivariate linear regression accounting for age, blast count, BMI, DM status and HbA1C showed that higher TC, LDL and HbA1C were independent predictors of sAML. Conclusions While this study is restricted to demonstrate distinct lipid and metabolic profile between sAML and MDS, our results suggest blastic phase dependency on higher serum cholesterol and possibly higher advanced glycosylation. As compared to MDS, our data highlights the possibility that sAML induces serum Lipidome modifications that may "hijack endogenous lipogenesis" to favor TC, LDL and possibly TAG production. Additionally, despite larger number of patients is needed to confirm our results, higher HbA1C potentially initiates advanced glycosylation facilitating blastic conversion in MDS pts. Disclosures Rivero: Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; agios: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Doroshchenko, E. K., O. V. Lisak, V. A. Rar, O. V. Suntsova, Yu S. Savinova, and I. V. Kozlova. "Species and Genetic Diversity of Representatives of the Anaplasmataceae Family Found in the Sympatry Zone of the Ixodes, Dermacentor and Haemaphysalis Genera Ticks." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 4, no. 2 (May 25, 2019): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2019-4.2.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction.On the territory of the Ekhirit-Bulagatsky district of the Irkutsk region zones of sympatry of four Ixodes ticks species are found, where the species and genetic diversity of infectious agents transmitted through tick bites may be more pronounced than in foci with a mono-dominant type of ticks’ population. In this connection, the study of the species and genetic diversity of representatives of the Anaplasmataceae family in the sympatry zone of the Ixodes ticks of closely related species was of scientific interest.Objective:To study the species and genetic diversity of members of the Anaplasmataceae family in the zones of sympatry of Ixodes ticks Ixodes persulcatus, Dermacentor silvarum, D. nuttalli and Haemaphysalis concinna, to identify the main carriers and potential reservoir hosts of ehrlichia and anaplasma.Methods.In the course of the study, 1106 specimens of adult ticks and 49 samples of small mammalian livers from the Ekhirit-Bulagatsky area were analyzed. Anaplasma and ehrlichia DNA were detected by two-round PCR in the presence of genus- and species-specific primers from the 16S rRNA gene region. The nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and the fragment of the groESL operon were identified in some samples. Sequencing was carried out according to the Sanger method. Comparative analysis was performed using the BLASTN program and ClustalW method. Epidemiological data analysis was performed using parametric methods of statistical processing of the material.Results.The DNA of Ehrlichia muris and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in all studied species of ticks in their sympatry area. However, the rate of infection of taiga ticks was significantly higher than that of H. concinna and Dermacentor spp. Potential reservoir hosts of the Anaplasmataceae family members can be classified as Microtus oeconomus, M. gregalis, Myodes rutilus and Sorex spp. When analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, three genetic variants of anaplasma were detected. The nucleotide sequences of the A. phagocytophilum groESL operon belonged to two genetic groups.
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Azzazi, Mohamed osman, Omar Fahmy, Mervat Mattar, Ashraf El Ghandour, Manal El Sorady, Samir Shehata, Yasser El Nahass, et al. "Second Report of Arab Leukemia Net (ALN) Registry for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in the Middle East &North Africa Region (AFME). Epidemiology of CML and Additional Chromosomal Abnormalities (ACAs) in Egypt, Multicenter Results." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 5539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5539.5539.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Little is known about burden of CML in Arab countries. The first ALN report demonstrated that age-specific rates for CML in Egypt and Arab nations are lower by at least two decades compared to western populations (Azzazi and Mattar ELN newsletter 2013). Lack of reliable data concerning geographic and ethnic variations and response rates to therapy contribute to the variability of incidences among CML registries. Studies underestimate the true age of CML patients as access to medical services show great diversity in AFME region. ACAs were reported in 5% of CML patients, considered at diagnosis by ELN as a “warning” requiring careful patient monitoring.(Baccarani et al Blood 2013), ACAs emerging during treatment are considered by WHO classification as accelerated phase (AP). There occurrence indicates that the leukemia has become BCR-ABL1 independent by secondary genetic acquisitions. Some ACAs are poor prognostic factors such as the acquisition of additional Ph chromosome (ch) that increases the kinase activity of BCR-ABL1; the isochromosome 17q i(17q) which leads to inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene p53 and impedes the response to Imatinib; the extra 8 which lead to c-Myc over expression that enhances the transformation of leukemic cells and the extra 19 which hinder Imatinib activity via silencing gene promoters. Objectives 1) To Release 5 year follow-up data of second ALN report of CML epidemiology in Egypt. 2) To investigate the low age of CML in Egypt. 3) To evaluate ACAs role in disease and clonal evolution. 4) To build a reliable data base -the ALN- as information / support services. Method We analyzed data of 578 (302 male and 276 female) CML patients (followed-up for 5 years). Data collected according to ELN (Baccarani et al Blood 2013) GIMEMA and EUTOS recommendations via a multicenter web based data registry portal, the ALN. (www.aln-afme.com). To insure lack of bias an independent server for data storage and processing was established in Masaryk University, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, in Prague, Czech Republic, other logistics are managed by DMC Healthcare Inc. HQ in Toronto, Canada. Chromosome banding analysis and FISH were performed, for Y-ch, trisomy 8, duplication of Ph, i(17q), trisomy 19, and Deletion of der(9) ch (Luatti et al Blood 2012). Results Patients Median age was 43y, (40y for males, 41y for females), The age specific rates were highest for the age group of 30-35 years. Female patients presented with lower hemoglobin, higher platelet counts and smaller spleen size (P<0.0001). 98% of patients achieved CH respone, 89% PCYR, 87% CCYR, and 83% MMR. At diagnosis 87% patients were in chronic phase (CP) CML, 8.1% in accelerated, and 4.9% in blastic phase. Sokal score: Low risk 57.8% Intermediate 24.5% and High in 17.7%. EURO (Hasford) score (59% Low risk, 28.4%Intermediate risk and 12.6%High risk). 42% of patients received imatinib, 34% nilotinib 20% dasatinib and 4% needed therapies plus TKI). Transplantation rate was 19%, PFS and OS were equal in female and male patients. ACAs were found in 62 (11%) patients, they had lower cytogenetic and molecular response rates and longer response time to TKI and inferior outcome. ACAs were more frequent in younger, imatinib resistant patients, and in blast phase. We identified loss of Y ch in 18 patients (29%), trisomy 8 in 7 (11%), trisomy 19 in12 (19%), i(17q) in 12 (19%), other different single abnormalities in 8 patients (13%), complex karyotype with double ACAs in only 5 patient (8%). Four patient showed variant Ph ch: t(9;22;22)(q34;q11;q11). Deletion of der(9) ch in 17 cases (27%): (10 cases with loss of Y ch, 4 case with del(20)(q11q13), and 3 case with t(X;13) (q13;q32)). The cytogenetic and molecular response rates were uniformly lower in patients with ACAs, overall CCgR and MMR rates were significantly lower in patients with ACAs (68% vs 89% and 55% vs 86% respectively), responses were significantly slower in patients with ACAs, 54 patients presented with ACAs at diagnosis while 8 patients developed ACAs while on treatment. Conclusions: The importance of ethnicity and gender differences in relation to disease incidence, and prognosis are major health policy focus. To investigate the low mean age of CML in Egypt and evaluate role of ACAs on disease and clonal evolution, Data from 10 Centers in Egypt showed a much lower mean age of CML and more frequent (11%) ACAs, they adversely affected time and response rates to Imatinib treatment. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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An, Qing, Zhen Gong, and Jupu Yuan. "Automatic Recognition and Feature Extraction of Rock Blocks Based on 3D Point Cloud Data Analytics." Journal of Interconnection Networks, February 10, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265921430416.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rock mass fraction is one of the main indexes to evaluate the blasting effect of mining. We take some rock blocks after blasting as the research objects and use 3D laser scanner to obtain the point cloud data of rock blocks. Then we use statistical filtering method to process the original point cloud data, and then calculate the point cloud data after pre-processing. We obtain the supervoxel clustering point cloud. On the supervoxel clustering algorithm, the concave convex criterion is used to fuse the clustering results. The regional growth algorithm is used to complete the segmentation of rock point cloud, so as to achieve the purpose of automatic recognition of blasting rock block contour. Based on the segmentation results of the rock block point cloud, the rock block point cloud with obvious characteristics is extracted, and the length of the long axis of the rock block is obtained according to the feature information of the rock block. The results show that the method can solve the defects of traditional measurement methods. The proposed recognition algorithm will meet the requirement of the intelligent of blasting fragmentation analysis. Additionally, it will satisfy the requirements of blasting quality analysis and evaluation.
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Tyupin, V. N., V. V. Khaustov, and E. T. Voronov. "Impact of blast zone on mining processes in fractured rock mass." Gornyi Zhurnal, December 22, 2020, 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17580/gzh.2020.12.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Generalization of the abundant experimental and theoretical research accomplished by Russian and foreign scientists in the 20th–21st centuries enables distinguishing between a few action zones of blasting, namely, crushing zone (fine grain crushing), radiating cracking zone, induced-fracture zone, shaking zone (residual stress after blasting), and blast-induced load zone. In the crushing zone, overgrinding takes place, which has an adverse influence on efficiency of processing of uranium, for instance, or granular quartz. The radiating cracking zone size in blasting in fractured rock masses governs the quality of drilling and blasting. The induced-fracture zone determines stability of rock mass and, consequently, safety of production processes both in surface and underground mines. In the shattering zone, fractured rock mass experiences residual stresses, which induces new fractures and rock falls, or dynamic events due to lithostatic pressure in rockburst-hazardous rock mass. This article aims at the experimental and theoretical determination of geometrics of blast-induced impact zones in different geological and geotechnical conditions with a view to developing appropriate actions toward abatement of the adverse effect exerted by these zones on geomechanical and technological processes in the course of mining. The theoretical formulas are given for the radii of the crushing, radiating cracking, induced fracturing and residual stress zones. Reliable applicability of the formulas in actual mining is proved by comparison of the calculations with the full-scale testing data. To mitigate the crushing zone impact, it is possible to charge the wellhead interval with a radial air gap, which decreases density of charging. Arrangements toward reduction of the zones of induced-fractures and residual stresses are proposed. Energy of the man-mane zone of residual stresses after blasting can be targeted at activation of raise driving with raise borer 2KV.
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"A Heuristic Research of the Designing and Evaluation of Energy Efficiency using Dynamic VM Consolidation in Green Cloud Data Centres." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 6S4 (July 26, 2019): 1532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.f1310.0486s419.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Allotted computing is a blasting innovation that tenders effective assets, and smooth accessibility through web based processing. however, the growing wishes of clients for such administrations are convincing the cloud professional corporations to send huge portions of strength hungry server farms which element awful effect to the earth with the aid of the usage of plenteous Carbon Dioxide discharge. To limit control usage and strengthen the quality of service (QoS) inside the server farm assesses the strength usage in an assortment of plans in IaaS of dispensed computing situation. Dynamic Virtual Machines’ Consolidation and Placement(DVMCP) is an in a position strategies for enhancing using assets and proficient power usage in Cloud DataCenters. in this exploration, we proposed a calculation, Energy Conscious Greeny Cloud Dynamic (ECGCD) set of rules that accomplishes live VM relocation that is turning off the inert has or located it to lowcontrol mode (i.e., rest or hibernation),that builds up power productivity and succesful usage of property in the dynamic hosts. The take a look at stop result confirmations with duplicate that, the proposed calculation achieves good sized diploma of lower in electricity usage in correlation with the modern-day-day VM combination calculations.
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PASTUKHOV, ALEKSANDR, IRINA BEREZHNAYA, and OLGA SHARAYA. "EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF PLUNGER RECOVERY MODES BY COMBINED PROCESSING." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin 2, no. 147 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2022-60-2-144-154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Stainless steel parts are widely used in milk processing equipment. The condition of these elements determines the operability of the equipment and the quality of the product. The most susceptible to wear are parts of the plunger type, the failure of which is by the loss of the cylindricity when changing geometric dimensions in longitudinal and cross sections. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a method for restoring cylindrical parts of the plunger type during combined processing; reducing the complexity of the restoration process and increasing the durability of the plunger (Materials and methods) Samples of 40Kh13 steel imitating the shape of a plunger with a diameter of 45 millimeters were studied. Three samples were produced with different pre-treatment: shot blasting, finishing turning and manual grinding. The study was as follow: initial measurement of the diameter in four sections at three levels; electric spark buildup, electromechanical processing and grinding before the preparing the working surface; measuring geometric parameters before and after each treatment; making slits for microstructural analysis, and measuring microhardness. (Results and discussion) As a result of the experiment and sample processing, there achieved an increase in diameter by 1.10 ± 0.08 millimeters when applying from 15 to 20 layers by the electric spark method with an electrode of the brand 308L-16. After deformation during electromechanical processing, the layer ranged from 0.36 ± 0.03 to 0.47± 0.07 millimeters, during grinding, the thickness of the final layer was from 0.04 ± 0.02 to 0.26± 0.02 millimeters. Measurements of the microhardness of the structural zones showed that the microhardness of the residual layer is 250-400 Vickers, the transition zone has a compacted structure and a hardness of over 550, and the core is 200-250. (Conclusions) Based on these data, the article proposes recommendations for the building of a compensation layer to restore the cylindrical working surface of the plunger type part.
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Tampubolon, Frances Roi Seston, Arief Sabdo Yuwono, Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan, and Noer Azam Achsani. "Coal Mining Energy Utilization and Environmental Impact Management Strategy Using the LCA Method." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 20, no. 5 (December 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2021.v20i05.017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coal mining processing and the clearing of land require that materials which have been removed be carefully inspected before it is reused. In this study, the boundary of our model starts with excavation and ends with material recovery. Therefore, further processing of the material to be recovered (recycling, reprocessing) is excluded from the model. In this study, the topsoil layer was collected in three pits numbered one, two, and three, from January to December 2020. The use of the LCA method gives results after the inventory data is carried out, which results in global warming. The results showed material removal unit process generated a total CO2 value of 32.44 kg CO2- eq.tonne-1 of coal, and the coal mining unit process generated a total CO2 value of 255.99 kg CO2- eq.tonne-1 of coal, for the impact of global warming. When compared to the material removal process, the results of the coal mining unit process show the highest global warming impact. Coal processing gives a yield of 25.61 kg CO2- eq.tonne-1 of coal. So that the resulting impact as a whole is 314 kg CO2- eq.tonne-1 of coal. The total emissions resulting from B30 fuel (314 kg CO2- eq.tonne-1 of coal) are smaller than B20 fuel (320 kg CO2- eq.tonne-1 of coal), 6 kg CO2-eq.tonne-1 of coal. The coal mining process includes fuel used in coal extraction, coal hauling, coal stockpiling, blasting, water pumps, and water tracks.
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Agarkov, I. B., I. M. Ignatenko, V. A. Dunaev, and I. S. Kryuchkov. "Estimate of change in specific cohesion between fracture surfaces by back-calculation: A case study of open pit mine Zhelezny of Kovdor Mining and Processing Plant." Gornyi Zhurnal, October 30, 2020, 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17580/gzh.2020.10.06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents the back-calculation data on bench deformations in open pit mine Zhelezny of Kovdor Mining and Processing Plant. The calculations are performed for 105 rock falls divided into six groups with respect to volume (m3): 0–200 is group 1; >200–500 is group 2; >500–1000 is group 3; >1000–5000 is group 4; >5000–10000 is group 5; >10000 is group 6. The computational method was the single-factor analysis of change in specific cohesion between the surfaces of deformation-limiting fractures. The internal friction angle is assumed to be constant as it is the least of all changeable and is correlatable with laboratory test data. Actual rock falls were simulated in GIS GEOMIX. The simulation correctness was ensured by the high-accuracy referencing and orientation measurements of fractures using 3D models constructed based on laser scanning and drone photography. For all sampled rocks, it is found that specific cohesion between fracture surfaces grows with increasing volume of rock falls. Specific cohesion in case of small volume rock falls (0–200 м3) in all types of rocks, except for olivinite, is approximately the same and ranges as 0.0021–0.011 MPa; for olivinite, this value is higher by 20 % at least. Higher rate slipping along fractures is typical of fenite (almost in all groups, specific cohesion is lower by 10–90 % than in other rock types), which is governed by supergene mineralization of fenites and by down water flow in fractures. The low and approximately equal values of specific cohesion (0.0058–0.0094 MPa) are observed in group 0–200 m3, which is conditioned by the action of blasting on deformation of benches. The study is carried out under State Contract No. 075-03-2020-474/1 от 05.03.2020.
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Berrino, Enrico, Laura Annaratone, Paolo Detillo, Dora Grassini, Alberto Bragoni, Anna Sapino, Benedetta Bussolati, Giovanni Bussolati, and Caterina Marchiò. "Tissue Fixation with a Formic Acid-Deprived Formalin Better Preserves DNA Integrity over Time." Pathobiology, July 20, 2022, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000525523.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Optimization of pre-analytic procedures and tissue processing is a basic requirement for reliable and reproducible data to be obtained. Tissue fixation in formalin represents the extensively favored method for surgical tissue specimen processing in diagnostic pathology; however, formalin fixation exerts a blasting effect on DNA and RNA. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A formic acid-deprived formaldehyde solution was prepared by removing acids with an ion-exchange basic resin and the concentrated, acid-deprived formaldehyde (ADF) solution was employed to prepare a 4% ADF solution in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2–7.4. Human (<i>n</i> = 27) and mouse (<i>n</i> = 20) tissues were fixed in parallel and similar conditions in either ADF or neutral buffered formalin (NBF). DNAs and RNAs were extracted, and fragmentation analyses were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Besides no significant differences in terms of extraction yield and absorbance ratio, ADF fixation reduced DNA fragmentation, i.e., the largest fragments (>5,000 bp) were significantly more prevalent in the DNAs purified from ADF-fixed tissues (<i>p</i> < 0.001 in both cohorts). Moreover, we observed that DNA preservation is more stable in ADF-fixed tissue compared to NBF-fixed tissues. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Although DNA fragmentation in FFPE tissues is a multifactor process, we showed that the removal of formic acid is responsible for a significant improvement in DNA preservation.
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Bhattacharyya, Som Sekhar, and Yash Shah. "Emerging technologies in Indian mining industry: an exploratory empirical investigation regarding the adoption challenges." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (July 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-03-2021-0048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Emerging technologies have been transforming most industries. A wide range of emerging technologies such as blockchain, internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), robotics and many others have changed the way in which firm value chain activities or processes were executed traditionally. The mining industry has also witnessed the introduction of these emerging technologies in various processes from the exploration stage to the final processing of ores. The purpose of this paper is to understand the pace of adoption of emerging technologies in the Indian mining industry and identify the challenges that managers confront while adopting emerging technologies. Design/methodology/approach The authors undertook qualitative research. Data collection was done in two stages. Secondary research was conducted to arrive at a repository of use cases of the adoption of emerging technologies in the global mining industry. Primary data collection was also done. The insights on emerging technology adoption and challenges faced in the Indian mining industry were captured by in-depth interviewing of subject matter experts. The authors interviewed 21 mining subject matter experts with a semi-structured open-ended questionnaire. The responses were content analyzed by thematic content analysis. Technological-organizational-environmental (TOE) and diffusion of innovation (DOI) frameworks were applied to segregate different factors affecting the adoption of emerging technologies in the Indian mining industry. Findings Emerging technologies such as blockchain, IoT, AI, ML, robotics has been applied across various mining engineering value chain activities such as in drilling, blasting, excavation and ore hauling. However, emerging technologies adoption was hindered because of a lack of managerial awareness, cultural inertia, substantive upfront investments and the nature of intangible benefits in the short run. Research limitations/implications The research applied technology adoption frameworks in the mining industry. The authors used TOE and DOI frameworks to understand the challenges faced by Indian mining firms. The research findings, thus added to the conversation of TOE and DOI frameworks in the context of the Indian mining industry. Practical implications The research finding would help mining firm managers to anticipate the challenges with respect to technology adoption. This would allow mining executives to create a proper technology adoption plan and intervene proactively. The research would also provide information about the steps taken by competing firms with respect to emerging technologies adoption. The research would help managers to decide technology implementation steps in drilling, blasting, excavation and ore hauling to be undertaken for successful adoption of emerging technologies. Technology firms could gain insights into the issues faced by mining firms in adopting emerging technologies. This research would help managers to influence organizational technology policy and endorse the addition of pro-technology policies in mining activities. Policymakers involved in the mining sector could also incorporate industry-level policy decisions so as to facilitate the adoption of emerging technologies among mining firms and remove the barriers to the adoption of emerging technologies. This would create an opportunity for technology providers to redesign product offerings, which could be a good fit for Indian mining firms. Originality/value Indian mining industry contributed significantly to the Indian economy. Despite this, limited focus has been put regarding the adoption of emerging technologies in the mining industry. Mining managers did not have any framework to understand the challenges faced in the adoption of technologies across the mining value chain that is in drilling, blasting, excavation and ore hauling. This study focused on identifying those challenges through the use of technology adoption frameworks. This research was one of the first studies to gain insights on emerging technologies adoption in the context of the mining industry through the theoretical lens of TOE and DOI frameworks.
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Тимофеев, И. В., Д. В. Иванов, А. А. Леонович та С. М. Крутов. "Использование модифицированного лигнина для снижения токсичности древесных плит". Известия СПбЛТА, № 222() (20 березня 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2018.222.240-253.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Исследованы модифицированные тонкодисперсные препараты гидролизного лигнина как акцепторы формальдегида в технологии древесноволокнистых плит средней плотности. Изучены гидролизный лигнин Кировского биохимического завода, мелкодисперсный лигнин, полученный путём паровзрывной обработки исходного, и ультрадисперсный лигнин, полученный на дисковой мельнице. Разработана методика, позволяющая установить сорбционную способность препаратов лигнина по отношению к формальдегиду. Проведены реакции между лигнином и формальдегидом в водной среде при 100 С в течение 1 ч. Содержание формальдегида в реакционной смеси определяли фотометрически; разницу значений до и после кипячения смеси принимали за количество связанного формальдегида. Методом корреляционной обработки данных установлено, что способность препаратов лигнина связывать свободный формальдегид на 88% зависит от их удельной поверхности. Препарат ультрадисперсного лигнина характеризуется удельной поверхностью 14 м2/г и предпочтительнее других препаратов как акцептор формальдегида. Помимо сорбции имеет место химическое взаимодействие формальдегида и функциональных групп лигнина, что иллюстрируют ИК-спектры, а также спектры твёрдотельного ЯМР. Установлена сорбционная способность акцептора по отношению к формальдегиду, выделяющемуся при отверждении карбамидоформальдегидной смолы. Исследованы физико-химические свойства смолы, совмещённой с препаратом ультрадисперсного лигнина. При изготовлении образцов древесноволокнистых плит проведен факторный эксперимент, позволивший подобрать технологические режимы для получения плит класса эмиссии Е1, соответствующего стандарту на древесноволокнистые плиты. Возможно получение плит класса эмиссии Е0,5, однако необходим повышенный расход лигнина с использованием упрочняющих добавок. Modified preparations of hydrolysis lignin as acceptors of formaldehyde were researched in medium density fiberboard technology. The hydrolysis lignin of the Kirov Biochemical Plant, fine-dispersed lignin, obtained by steam-blasting treatment, and ultra- dispersed lignin, obtained on the disk mill were researched. Method, which can show how lignin sorbs formaldehyde was developed. The reaction between lignin and formaldehyde was carried out in aquatic environment at 100 oC during 1 hour. The difference in values before and after boiling of the reaction mixture was identified as the amount of sorbed formaldehyde. The correlation processing of data established that the sorption capacity of lignin preparations depends on their specific surface by 88%. Ultra-dispersed lignin has specific surface 14 m2/g therefore it’s more effective acceptor. IR spectrums and NMR spectrums of ultra-dispersed lignin were researched after determining their sorption capacity. They showed that formaldehyde came into reaction with functional groups of lignin. It was established that ultra-dispersed lignin can sorb formaldehyde, formed during hardening of urea-formaldehyde resin. The physic-chemical properties of the resin combined with the ultra-disperse lignin were also researched. While making MDF the full factorial experiment was carried out. It allowed to find technological modes for making wood board, which have emission class E1, and corresponds state standard for fiberboard. It is possible to produce wood boards of emission class E0,5, however, increased lignin consumption and use of hardening additives are necessary.
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Dalsass, Mattia, Margherita Bodini, Christophe Lambert, Marie-Cécile Mortier, Marco Romanelli, Duccio Medini, Alessandro Muzzi, and Alessandro Brozzi. "STRAIN: an R package for multi-locus sequence typing from whole genome sequencing data." BMC Bioinformatics 20, S9 (November 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-019-2887-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) is a standard typing technique used to associate a sequence type (ST) to a bacterial isolate. When the output of whole genome sequencing (WGS) of a sample is available the ST can be assigned directly processing the read-set. Current approaches employ reads mapping (SRST2) against the MLST loci, k-mer distribution (stringMLST), selective assembly (GRAbB) or whole genome assembly (BIGSdb) followed by BLASTn sequence query. Here we present STRAIN (ST Reduced Assembly IdentificatioN), an R package that implements a hybrid strategy between assembly and mapping of the reads to assign the ST to an isolate starting from its read-sets. Results Analysis of 540 publicly accessible Illumina read sets showed STRAIN to be more accurate at correct allele assignment and new alleles identification compared to SRTS2, stringMLST and GRAbB. STRAIN assigned correctly 3666 out of 3780 alleles (capability to identify correct alleles 97%) and, when presented with samples containing new alleles, identified them in 3730 out of 3780 STs (capability to identify new alleles 98.7%) of the cases. On the same dataset the other tested tools achieved lower capability to identify correct alleles (from 28.5 to 96.9%) and lower capability to identify new alleles (from 1.1 to 97.1%). Conclusions STRAIN is a new accurate method to assign the alleles and ST to an isolate by processing the raw reads output of WGS. STRAIN is also able to retrieve new allele sequences if present. Capability to identify correct and new STs/alleles, evaluated on a benchmark dataset, are higher than other existing methods. STRAIN is designed for single allele typing as well as MLST. Its implementation in R makes allele and ST assignment simple, direct and prompt to be integrated in wider pipeline of downstream bioinformatics analyses.
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Perez-Wohlfeil, Esteban, Oswaldo Trelles, and Nicolás Guil. "Irregular alignment of arbitrarily long DNA sequences on GPU." Journal of Supercomputing, December 26, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-05007-z.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe use of Graphics Processing Units to accelerate computational applications is increasingly being adopted due to its affordability, flexibility and performance. However, achieving top performance comes at the price of restricted data-parallelism models. In the case of sequence alignment, most GPU-based approaches focus on accelerating the Smith-Waterman dynamic programming algorithm due to its regularity. Nevertheless, because of its quadratic complexity, it becomes impractical when comparing long sequences, and therefore heuristic methods are required to reduce the search space. We present GPUGECKO, a CUDA implementation for the sequential, seed-and-extend sequence-comparison algorithm, GECKO. Our proposal includes optimized kernels based on collective operations capable of producing arbitrarily long alignments while dealing with heterogeneous and unpredictable load. Contrary to other state-of-the-art methods, GPUGECKO employs a batching mechanism that prevents memory exhaustion by not requiring to fit all alignments at once into the device memory, therefore enabling to run massive comparisons exhaustively with improved sensitivity while also providing up to 6x average speedup w.r.t. the CUDA acceleration of BLASTN.
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Araújo, José, Juan Silva, André Costa-Martins, Vanderson Sampaio, Daniel Castro, Robson Souza, Jeevan Giddaluru, et al. "Enabling Fast and Accurate Record Linkage of Large-Scale Health-Related Administrative Databases Through a DNA-Encoded Approach." International Journal of Population Data Science 7, no. 3 (August 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v7i3.1774.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectivePublic health research frequently requires the integration of information from different data sources. However, errors in the records and the high computational costs involved make linking large administrative databases using record linkage (RL) methodologies a major challenge. We present Tucuxi-BLAST, a versatile tool for probabilistic RL that utilizes a DNA-encoded approach to encrypt, analyze and link massive administrative databases.
Materials and MethodsTucuxi-BLAST encodes the identification records into DNA. BLASTn algorithm is then used to align the sequences between databases. We tested and benchmarked on a simulated database containing records for 300 million individuals and also on four large administrative databases containing real data on Brazilian patients.
ResultsOur method was able to overcome misspellings and typographical errors in administrative databases. In processing the RL of the largest simulated dataset (200k records), the state-of-the art method took 5 days and 7 hours to perform the RL, while Tucuxi-BLAST only took 23 hours. When compared with five existing RL tools applied to a gold-standard dataset from real health-related databases, Tucuxi-BLAST had the highest accuracy and speed.
DiscussionBy repurposing genomic tools, researchers are able to perform subject tracing across multiple large epidemiological databases using a regular laptop.
ConclusionTucuxi-BLAST can improve data-driven medical research and provide a fast and accurate way to link individual information across several administrative databases.