Дисертації з теми "BL Lacertae objects"
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Abraham, Roberto G. "Imaging of BL Lac objects." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8af2b188-06a4-4412-bd2a-6ee27b0bf781.
Повний текст джерелаJannuzi, Buell Tomasson. "The optical polarization of BL Lacertae objects." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185256.
Повний текст джерелаLondish, Diana. "Properties of BL Lac objects from the 2dF QSO Redshift Survey." University of Sydney. Physics, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/600.
Повний текст джерелаD'Arcangelo, Francesca D. "Correlated multiwavelength polarization in blazars." [S.l. :] Boston University, 2010. https://staff.nrao.edu/library/00000000009785.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGeorge, Ian Michael. "X-ray and ultra-violet observations of BL Lacertae type objects." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35891.
Повний текст джерелаMa, Feng. "Discovery of hidden blazars inside quasars /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Повний текст джерелаLondish, Diana. "Properties of BL Lac objects from the 2dF QSO Redshift Survey." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/600.
Повний текст джерелаCarnerero, M. I., C. M. Raiteri, M. Villata, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, V. M. Larionov, P. S. Smith, F. D'Ammando, et al. "Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421." OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626278.
Повний текст джерелаCarnerero, Maria, Claudia Raiteri, Massimo Villata, Pulido Jose Acosta, Paul Smith, and Valeri Larionov. "Investigating the Puzzling Synchrotron Behaviour of Mrk 421." MDPI AG, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622694.
Повний текст джерелаWright, Susan Clare. "Blazar host galaxies." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243088.
Повний текст джерелаBignall, Hayley Emma. "Radio variability and interstellar scintillation of blazars." [Adelaide : H.E. Bignall, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb5931.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTapia, S. "Ground Observations of Polarimetric Standards for the Hubble Space Telescope." Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona (Tucson, Arizona), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623884.
Повний текст джерелаBarnacka, Anna. "Detection techniques for the H.E.S.S. II telescope, data modeling of gravitational lensing and emission of blazars in HE-VHE astronomy." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056866.
Повний текст джерелаFinke, Justin David. "Monte Carlo/Fokker-Planck simulations of Accretion Phenomena and Optical Spectra of BL Lacertae Objects." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1181833339.
Повний текст джерелаBerger, Karsten. "Discovery and Characterization of the first Low-Peaked and Intermediate-Peaked BL Lacertae Objects in the Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Regime." kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2009/3743/.
Повний текст джерелаMeyer, Markus. "Observations of a systematically selected sample of high frequency peaked BL Lac objects with the MAGIC telescope." Doctoral thesis, kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2008/2811/.
Повний текст джерелаRügamer, Stefan [Verfasser], and Karl [Akademischer Betreuer] Mannheim. "Multi-Wavelength Observations of the high-peaked BL Lacertae objects 1ES 1011+496 and 1ES 2344+514 / Stefan Rügamer. Betreuer: Karl Mannheim." Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035370891/34.
Повний текст джерелаAbeysekara, A. U., S. Archambault, A. Archer, W. Benbow, R. Bird, M. Buchovecky, J. H. Buckley, et al. "A SEARCH FOR SPECTRAL HYSTERESIS AND ENERGY-DEPENDENT TIME LAGS FROM X-RAY AND TeV GAMMA-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF Mrk 421." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622634.
Повний текст джерелаBarrau, Aurélien. "Astrophysique gamma de très haute énergie : étude du noyau actif de galaxie Mrk 501 et implications cosmologiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10020.
Повний текст джерелаBoutelier, Timothé. "Modélisation dépendante du temps des blazars du TeV par un modèle de jet stratifié inhomogène." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10063.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of the emission and variability mechanisms of TeV blazars has been the subject of intensive research for years. The homogeneous one-zone model commonly used is puzzling since it yields very high Lorentz factor, in contradiction with other observational evidences. Ln this work, 1 describe a new time dependent multi-zone approach, in the framework of the two¬ flow model. 1 compute the emission of a full jet, where relativistic electron-positron pairs distributed in pileup propagate. The evolution and the emission of the plasma is computed taking into account a turbulent heating term, some radiative cooling, and a pair production term due to photo-annihilation process. Applied to PKS 2155-304, the model allows to reproduce the full spectra, as weil as the simultaneous multi wavelength variability, with a relatively small Lorentz factor. The variability is explained by the instability of the pair creation process. Nonetheless, the value is still high to agree with other observational evidences in radio. Hence, 1 show in the last part of this work how to conciliate high l. !>rentz factor with the absence of apparent superluminal movement in radio, by taking into account the effect of the opening angle on the appearance of relativistic jets
Dorner, Daniela. "Observations of PG 1553+113 with the MAGIC telescope." Doctoral thesis, kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2008/2819/.
Повний текст джерелаHervet, Olivier. "Noyaux actifs de galaxies en rayons gamma extrêmes : connexions radio-gamma pour l'étude des blazars intermédiaires." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2015. https://hal.science/tel-01240215.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of multi-wavelength observations of active galactic nuclei nowadays allows to reach a quasi-full coverage their emission from radio to the highest reachable energies, in the TeV domain, by the Cherenkov telescopes. Consequently, the emission models of the sources are increasingly constraints, in particular for the blazars where standard one zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission scenarios are regularly disproved by this new information flow. The main subject of this thesis is the in-depth study of blazars called “intermediates” between the two spectral categories identified long-time ago which are BL Lacs and FSRQs (for flat spectrum radio quasars). In a first stage we lead a complete study of the intermediate blazar Ap Librae for which we show that the extended jet basis play a very significant role in the overall source radiation. For this study we present the development of a SSC multi-zones code dealing in a consistent way the radiative interactions between the different components. Thereafter we are foscusing on the radio features of the jet, observed by very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), being able to be used to constrain effectively the physical and geometrical parameters of the model. This study allows to deduce a strong link between the observed jet radio knots and the compact zone which emits in gamma-rays. In a second stage we characterize a blazar population by the radio spectra study, which like Ap Librae show a relatively strong jet compared to the emission of the compact SSC zone. We propose a new blazar classification based on kinematic properties of VLBI jets in a sample of VLBI jets in a sample of 167 sources selected in the MOJAVE database. A good correlation between VLBI kinematic properties and spectral classes is found and highlight the presence of an intermediate class. Hence we check consistence of the peculiar properties of this class in the general blazar unification scheme. This thesis being also within the H. E. S. S. Collaboration, we present the analysis results of recently detected or very promising sources at the very high energies. We expose also the last developments of a method which could improve the astrometric accuracy of the H. E. S. S. Array by a star tracking on the cameras
Lenain, Jean-Philippe. "Rayonnement γ des noyaux actifs de galaxies observé aux très hautes énergies avec H. E. S. S. : études multi-longueurs d’onde et modélisation de processus radiatifs". Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00431288.
Повний текст джерелаActive Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are among the most energetic sources in the Universe. A subgroup of AGN possesses relativistic jets, the emission of which is purely non-thermal. In the case where the jet is aligned to the line of sight, these objects, called “blazars”, have their emission amplified by the relativistic Doppler effect. Since the advent of very high energy (VHE; E > 100GeV) -ray astrophysics, Čerenkov telescopes like H. E. S. S. Have observed almost thirty AGN, mainly blazars, from the ground. Čerenkov radiation from particle showers created by the interaction of -rays in the terrestrial atmosphere is used to derive the properties of the incident photon and thus to study these extragalactic sources. We have studied the highly variable VHE -ray emission from the blazar PKS 2155- 304, from which two major outbursts were detected in July 2006, within the framework of a dynamic Synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. This variable emission presents properties excluding the most standard emission scenarios for blazars. We have also developed an SSCemission model for misaligned relativistic jets, to interpret the recent discovery of VHE -ray emission from two radio galaxies, M87 and CenA, which established the emergence of a new familiy of cosmic TeV emitters. We conclude with a systematic study conducted on all the AGN currently known at TeV with a stationary SSC model. We present tools for predictions of flux densities in these objects, which can be confronted with future observations by the Čerenkov Telescope Array (CTA)
Lefaucheur, Julien. "Astronomie gamma depuis le sol et l'espace : premières analyses du réseau hybride HESS-II et recherche de candidats blazars parmi les sources non identifiées du Fermi-LAT." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC093.
Повний текст джерелаThis manuscript is about high energy -γ-ray astronomy (between GeV and GeV) with the Fermi-LAT satellite and very high energy astronomy above ~GeV) via the H. E. S. S. Experiment. The second phase of the H. E. S. S. Experiment began in July 2012 with the inauguration of a fifth 28 m diameter telescope added to the intial array composed of four 12m diameter imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. In the first part of this thesis, we present the development of an analysis in hybrid mode based on a multivariate method dedicated to detect and study sources with different spectral shapes and the first analysis results on real data. The second part is dedicated to the research of blazar candidates among the Fermi-LAT unidentified sources of the 2FGL catalog. A first development is based on a multivariate approach using discriminant parameters built with the 2FGL catalog parameters. A second development is done with the use of the WISE satellite catalog and a non-parametric technic in order to find the blazar-like infrared counterparts of the unidentified sources of the 2FGL catalog
Superina, Giulia. "Observation de noyaxu actifs de galaxies de type "blazar" avec les téléscopes H. E. S. S. : caractérisation de la variabilité au TeV du blazar PKS 2155-304." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0068.
Повний текст джерелаValverde, Quispe Janeth Veronica. "New insights on the nature of blazars from a decade of multi-wavelength observations : Discovery of a very large shift of the synchrotron peak frequency, long-term optical-gamma-ray flux correlations, and rising flux trend in the BL Lac 1ES 1215+303." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX013.
Повний текст джерелаBlazars are known for their variability on a wide range of timescales at all wavelengths; and their classification (into flat spectrum radio quasars, low-, intermediate- or high-frequency-peaked BL Lac; FSRQ, LBL, IBL, HBL) is based on broadband spectral characteristics that do not consider the source being at, possibly, different states of activity. Recently, it was proposed that blazars could be classified according to the kinematics of their radio features. Most studies of TeV gamma-ray blazars focus on short timescales, especially during flares, due to the scarcity of observational campaigns or due to the relatively young existence of specialized, sensitive enough detectors.With a decade of observations from the Fermi-LAT and VERITAS, I present an extensive study of the long-term multi-wavelength variability of the blazar 1ES 1215+303 from gamma-rays to radio. This unprecedented data set reveals multiple strong gamma-ray flares and a long-term increase in the gamma-ray and optical flux baseline of the source over the ten-year period, which results in a linear correlation between these two energy bands over a decade. Typical HBL behaviors are identified in the radio morphology of the source. However, analyses of the broadband spectral energy distribution at different flux states of the source, unveil an extreme shift in energy of the synchrotron peak frequency from IR to soft X-rays; indicating that the source exhibits IBL characteristics during quiescent states and HBL behavior during high states. A two-component synchrotron self-Compton model is used to describe this dramatic change.A detailed framework of the analysis of the data from the Fermi-LAT instrument is provided, and could serve as a guideline for researchers interested in this field. I present the thorough efforts that were employed in validating the methods used and the sanity checks that were performed on the results obtained. A description of the higher-level analyses are provided, including the flare-selection algorithms, the search for harder-when-brighter behavior in the Fermi-LAT data, the multi-wavelength cross-correlation and variability analysis, the search for trends, log-normality and variability, the characterization of flares and of the spectral energy distributions, and the search for simultaneousFermi-LAT - VERITAS observations. These are the heart of this PhD work.The different methods applied and presented in this work provide a complete and detailed panorama of the intricate nature of this blazar, and possibly even challenge our current classification scheme. Moreover, this work provides an illustration of the type of long-term analyses that future imaging atmospheric instruments, such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array, will not only allow but potentially improve
Le, Gallou Roland. "Mesure du flux de blazar Mrk421 au dessus de 60 GeV avec l'expérience CELESTE." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004364.
Повний текст джерелаCes photons sont emis au sein d'objets tels que les supernovae, les pulsars ou les noyaux de galaxie de type blazar, les plus extremes et les plus variables de ces derniers. L'observation des blazars permet d'etudier le comportement de la matiere dans des conditions physiques extremes et de sonder le passe lointain de l'univers. Un des themes principaux de ce travail de these a ete de developper les methodes d'analyse de donnees de CELESTE et de valider leur fonctionnement.
Un effort particulier a ete porte sur la recherche de criteres de rejectionhadronique efficaces, la sensibilite du detecteur y etant intimement liee. Une variable originale basee sur l'annalyse temporelle du front d'onde, a ete degagee dans ce but. Le fonctionnement du detecteur et de l'analyse de donneesa ete valide par l'observation de la nebuleuse du crabe, la chandelle standard de l'astronomie gamma. L'acceptance du detecteur a ete calculee a partir de simulations de type Monte-Carlo. Le seuil du detecteur, d'apres ces etudes, est de 30 GeV au niveau declenchement et de 60 GeV apres les coupures d'analyse. CELESTE fontionne de façon stable depuis Novembre 1999, avec 40 heliostats, et a accumule des donnees en quantite interessante sur 4 blazars.
Sur Mrk-421, plusieurs sursauts d'activite ont ete detectes et un flux moyen a pu etre calcule. Une correlatio a ete observee entre l'activite vue par CELESTE et celle vue au TeV et en X, confirmant les modeles de ce type d'objet. des limites superieures ont ete calculees sur Mrk501, 1ES0219+42.8 et 1ES2344+51.4. Il s'agit la des premieres observations de blazars entre 60 et 250 GeV.
Leroy, Nicolas. "Observations, aves les téléscopes H. E. S. S. , du rayonnement gamma émis par le Noyau Actif de Galaxie PKS 2155-304, au-delà de 100 GeV." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00117166.
Повний текст джерелаKhelifi, Bruno. "Recherche de sources gamma par une méthode de Maximum de Vraisemblance :." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002393.
Повний текст джерелаGrâce à ces techniques, nous avons détecté de faibles et rapides variations de flux de Mkn 421, découvert deux nouveaux blazars IES 1959+65 et IES 1426+42.8 qui est de faible luminosité et nous avons identifié deux blazars susceptibles d'émettre au TeV. La comparaison des spectres en énergie des blazars de même redshift (Mkn 421 et Mkn 501) permet de nous affranchir de l'absorption des gamma par l'infrarouge intergalactique (IIR) : Mkn 421 semble posséder un spectre avant absorption distinct d'une loi de puissance sur au moins une nuit. La dérivation d'informations plus précises sur les blazars dépendra des futures connaissances sur l'IIR et des observations simultanées multi-longueurs d'onde.
Ayant observé des restes de supernovae contenant des plérions (IC 443, CTA 1 et CTB 80), nous avons cherché en vain une émission provenant des plérions et de l'interaction de ces restes avec des nuages moléculaires grâce au maximum de vraisemblance. Les valeurs supérieures extraites sur les plérions ont été comparées avec des modèles d'émission électromagnétique d'un spectre d'électrons accélérés. Ces comparaisons nous ont amenées à nous interroger sur les hypothèses faites dans ces modèles et sur la pertinence des plérions choisis.
Chevalier, Jill. "Étude de population des noyaux actifs de galaxie au TeV avec les télescopes H.E.S.S. et étude de variabilité du blazar PKS 2155-304 avec modélisation SSC." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY111.
Повний текст джерелаActive Galactic Nuclei (AGN) have been discovered more than 50 years ago and yet they remain mysterious. Although we are sure they are powered by a supermassive black hole fed by an accretion disk and that they sometimes display a relativistic jet, the links between the black hole, the disk and the jet along with the acceleration and emission mechanisms are still unclear. Leptonic and hadronic models managing both in explaining the spectral energy distribution (SED) of blazars at high energy (in the GeV-TeV range), there is a degeneracy. However, blazars are known to be highly variable in all wavelengths. This variability can trace the mechanisms at play in the central engine and in the jet, giving a tool to discriminated between different processes.Gamma-ray astronomy started in the 60s to probe the high energy universe and find the origin of the cosmic-ray radiation. Several high energy sources were discovered and AGN were classified as the most energetic ones.The advent of the third generation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT), including the H.E.S.S. experiment, help gathering more data at very high energy (VHE) in order to understand better these objects. Space-based telescope like the Fermi-LAT, looking at gamma-rays in the GeV range, are used as well to cover all the high energy range of the emission. High energy data are of great importance because this is where the degeneracy between models appears and data are needed to build long term light curves.This thesis presents different projects I worked on during these three years. Each of them aims to have a better understanding of the blazars. For this I used two different approaches. The first one was doing population studies at TeV with the H.E.S.S. telescopes, either by looking at all the TeV sky observed by H.E.S.S. with the HEGS project or by trying to detect new objects, rare at TeV, to probe what we call the blazar sequence. The second approach was the detailed variability analysis of one particular blazar. The long term multi-wavelength variability study of the blazar PKS 2155-304 revealed an interesting behaviour, allowing to probe up to the accretion mechanism. The time series analysis methods developed for this study can be used in a more systematic way for population studies with a variability perspective rather than the SED one
Brion, Elisabeth. "Mesure du flux de rayons gamma entre 50 et 350 GeV du blazar Mrk 501 avec l'expérience CELESTE." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00089747.
Повний текст джерелаCette thèse présente la démarche effectuée jusqu'à la détection de Mrk 501 : dans un premier temps, par la validation de l'analyse utilisée sur des observations de la nébuleuse du Crabe, chandelle standard des télescopes Tcherenkov atmosphériques ; puis la détermination des coupures d'analyse, dépendantes de la région du ciel pointée, à partir d'observations du blazar Mrk 421, de même déclinaison que Mrk 501, dont la forte activité permet une détection claire. Enfin, des simulations, tenant compte de la qualité de l'atmosphère et améliorées pour mieux reproduire le détecteur, ont permis d'établir la surface effective de l'instrument pour en déduire le flux de Mrk 501 entre avril et juin 2000. Ce flux a été comparé avec un modèle d'émission de type synchrotron self-Compton et avec des données prises en rayons X. Elles indiquent que Mrk 501 apparaissait légèrement plus actif durant cette période par rapport au reste de l'année et à l'année 2001. Une limite supérieure au flux est calculée pour l'ensemble des autres mesures. C'est une première mesure dans le domaine d'énergie 50 - 350 GeV (gamme représentant les limites en énergie pour lesquelles le taux de comptage, c'est-à-dire la convolution du spectre de l'astre avec la surface effective de collection de l'instrument, se révèle supérieur à 20 % du maximum de comptage). Elle apporte des contraintes sur la position du maximum d'émission Compton inverse et tend à favoriser, dans ce cas précis, des processus d'émission X et gamma par deux populations d'électrons différentes (la variation dans le domaine X est faible comparée à celle du domaine gamma).
Arrieta, Lobo Maialen. "A study of the emission processes of two different types of gamma-emitting Active Galactic Nuclei." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLE0010/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis manuscript presents the study of the emission processes of two types of gamma-emitting active galactic nuclei: TeV-detected blazars and GeV-detected Narrow Line Seyfert 1s (NLS1s).The Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of TeV blazars can in general be well described by simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton models. Such model has been applied to the blazar 1ES2322-409 that was first detected at TeV by the HESS collaboration.Additional external photon fields such as the obscuring torus, the accretion disc, the X-ray corona or the broad line region are necessary to describe the observed radiation and broad-band SED of gamma-emitting NLS1s. A numerical model that takes into account emission from these external fields has been developed. The model explains the observed emission and the transition from quiescent to gamma-ray flaring states of three gamma-emitting NLS1s: 1H0323+342, B20954+25A and PMN J0948+0022
Perennes, Cédric. "Energy dependent time delays in blazar light curves : a first look at the modeling of source-intrinsic effect in the MeV-TeV range and constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation with H.E.S.S." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS183/document.
Повний текст джерелаSpecific models of quantum gravity suggest the existence of a Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) at the Planck scale. One signature of that violation is a modification the propagation of photons in vacuum which induces energy dependent delays in the arrival time of photons on Earth. The H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) experiment can search for such delays in the arrival time of gamma rays, thanks to the very high energy emission coming from distant blazars. However, the time delay origin have to be fully understood. Indeed, an intrinsic time delay coming from the source can bias the constraints made on quantum gravity models. In the first part of this thesis, a time dependent blazar flare model is considered to search for the presence of intrinsic time delays related to the emission mechanisms of flares. With the elaboration of a simple scenario, this study highlights the different characteristics of intrinsic time delays in order to investigate how to disentangle them from delays due to LIV as well as to provide new constraints on blazar modeling. In the second part of this thesis, the method used to search for LIV signatures in blazar light curves at very high energy is presented as well as an application to the flare of Markarian 501 which occurred in July 2014. This analysis provides in particular the best upper limit on the quadratic term of LIV signature
Teng, Xiao-Feng, and 滕曉峰. "BL Lacertae Objects Optical Microvariability." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31623373072710749353.
Повний текст джерелаRügamer, Stefan. "Multi-Wavelength Observations of the high-peaked BL Lacertae objects 1ES 1011+496 and 1ES 2344+514." Doctoral thesis, 2012. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-77846.
Повний текст джерелаBL Lacertae-Objekte sind mit die leuchtkräftigsten Quellen im Universum. Sie stellen eine Unterklasse der Galaxien mit aktiven Kernen dar. Ihr Spektrum erstreckt sich von Radio-Wellenlängen bis in den Tera-Elektronvolt (TeV)-Bereich und ist dominiert durch nicht-thermische Strahlung. Ihre Emission is stark variabel, auf Zeitskalen von Jahren bis Minuten, und entsteht in relativistischen Jets, welche mit einem geringen Winkel zur Sichtlinie beobachtet werden. Daher werden diese Objekte “Blazare” genannt. Blazare sind die dominierende extragalaktische Quellpopulation im Radio-, Mikrowellen- und Gamma-Regime, gehören zu den favorisierten Quellen der Kosmischen Strahlung und bieten ausgezeichnete Bedingungen, um die Physik schwarzer Löcher, Jets sowie relativistische Effekte zu untersuchen. Trotz mehr als 20 Jahre andauernder Beobachtungen sind die physikalischen Mechanismen, welche für die Emission verantwortlich sind, noch nicht völlig verstanden. Bisher konzentrierten sich die Untersuchungen der Breitband-Kontinuumsstrahlung der Quellen hauptsächlich auf deren helle Ausbrüche. Um jedoch die zentrale Komponente der Jetenergetik zu verstehen, muss die in der Vergangenheit aufgebaute Tendenz zu flusslimitierten Beobachtungen überwunden werden, und die über lange Zeiträume gemittelten spektralen Energieverteilungen bestimmt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert die ersten simultanen Multiwellenlängenkampagnen vom Radio- bis in den TeV-Bereich für zwei BL Lacertaue Objekte, welche als TeV-Emitter bekannt sind. Die erste der beiden Quellen, 1ES 1011+496, wurde zwischen Februar und Mai 2008 beobachtet, 1ES 2344+514, die zweite Quelle, von September 2008 bis Februar 2009. Die umfangreichen Beobachtungskampagnen wurden unabhängig von externen Benachrichtigungen über hohe Flusszustände organisiert. Da starke Ausbrüche der Quellen relativ selten sind, wurde von den Kampagnen erwartet, dass eine spektrale Energieverteilung erbringen würden, welche repräsentativ für ein Langzeitmittel der Emission wäre. Die Analyse der Daten des MAGIC-Cherenkov-Teleskops, welches im Bereich von ~0.1 – 10 TeV beobachtet, nahm in dieser Arbeit ein zentrale Rolle ein. Daten der übrigen Instrumente wurde entweder über Anträge auf Beobachtungszeit oder Kooperationen mit den Instrumententeams vom Autor dieser Arbeit eingeworben. Entsprechende Daten wurden hauptsächlich in einer finalen Form übermittelt. In dieser Arbeit werden die individuellen Lichtkurven untersucht sowie für die Suche nach Korrelationen zwischen den verschiedenen Bändern verwendet. Für beide Quellen konnte keine Korrelation zwischen dem Radio- und optischen Bereich gefunden werden, was darauf hindeutet, dass deren Strahlung in unterschiedlichen Regionen des Jets produziert wird. Mit Hilfe der gewonnenen Daten wurden quasi-simultane spektrale Energieverteilungen in je zwei unterschiedlichen Flusszuständen ermittelt und mit Hilfe eines Ein-Zonen sowie eines selbst-konsistenten Zwei-Zonen-Synchrotron-Selbst-Compton-Modells beschrieben. Erste Versuche, die Energieverteilungen mit Hilfe einer Chi2-Minimisierungsstrategie zu untersuchen werden kurz erläutert. Die gewonnen Modellparameter, welche die physikalischen Eigenschaften der Emissionsregionen charakterisieren, werden mit Archivdaten verglichen. Obwohl die Modelle die spektralen Energieverteilungen gut beschreiben können, deuten die Modellparameter darauf hin, dass neben der Synchrotron- und invers-Compton-Strahlung relativistischer Elektronen auch Protonen zur Emission beitragen. Im Fall von 1ES 2344+514 konnte einer der niedrigsten jemals gemessenen Flusszustände beobachtet werden, welcher jedoch nicht durch Modellparameter gegeben ist, die auf einen Grundzustand der Quelle hindeuten würden. Eine Ursache hierfür könnte in der Entartung der Modellparameter der ein-Zonen-Modelle liegen. Zusätzlich zeichnet sich ab, dass mehrere Regionen für die beobachtete Emission verantwortlich sind. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse sind schwer mit aktuellen Szenarien der Klassifikation der Blazare sowie der sogenannten “Blazar-Sequenz” vereinbar. Diese Erkenntnisse verdeutlichen, dass eine realistischere, auf grundlegenden Parametern basierende Interpretation der Systematiken der spektralen Energieverteilungen von Nöten ist
Brill, Aryeh Louis. "Advancing Blazar Science with Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Telescopes." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-jznf-8e64.
Повний текст джерелаWilliamson, Karen E. "Statistical study of multi-frequency emission in blazars." Thesis, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14139.
Повний текст джерелаBerger, Karsten [Verfasser]. "Discovery and characterization of the first low peaked and intermediate peaked BL lacertae objects in the very high energy γ-ray [gamma-ray] regime / Karsten Berger". 2009. http://d-nb.info/996043918/34.
Повний текст джерелаGiacani, Elsa Beatriz. "Objetos BL-Lacertae australes." Tesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10915/2023.
Повний текст джерела