Дисертації з теми "Bitter taster receptor"
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Clapp, Tod R. "Characterization of IP₃ receptors in bitter taste transduction." Access citation, abstract and download form; downloadable file 3.78 Mb, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131664.
Повний текст джерелаJohnson, Claire. "Sensory and chemical analysis of the bitter-sweet taste interaction." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262530.
Повний текст джерелаPydi, Sai Prasad. "Structural and functional characterization of bitter taste receptors, T2R1 and T2R4." American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23607.
Повний текст джерелаBufe, Bernd. "Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von Bitterrezeptoren." Phd thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/2004/0013/bufe.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBrissard, Léa. "Mechanisms of gustatory perception of dietary lipids : cross-talk with bitter taste and endocannabinoid receptors." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK071/document.
Повний текст джерелаObesity is one of the major public health problems at the beginning of the 21st century. Its prevalence is increasing steadily, especially among children. This observation is not insignificant because obesity is generally associated with various serious pathologies (type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cancer, etc.). Thus, investigations into the mechanisms involved in the taste perception of dietary lipids could shed light on their roles in the incidence of obesity.Several studies have demonstrated the role of endocannabinoids and bitter foods in obesity. Thus, we studied the cross-talk of cannabinoid receptors and bitter taste with lipid taste. This thesis has two components: cannabinoid receptors (CB1R), bitter taste and their interactions with lipid receptors.In the first part, we studied the regulatory role of CB1R. In the present study, behavioral tests on CB1R-/- mice and wild-type (WT) mice showed that the invalidation of the Cb1r gene was associated with a low preference for solutions containing rapeseed oil or a long chain fatty acid (LCFA) such as linoleic acid (LA). Administration of rimonabant, a CB1R inverse agonist, in mice also resulted in a low preference for dietary fatty acids. No differences in the expression of CD36 and GPR120 proteins were observed in the taste buds cells of the WT and CB1R-/- mice. Calcium signaling via CD36 in the taste bud cells of CB1R-/- mice decreased significantly compared with those observed in the taste cells of WT mice. The taste bud cells of CB1R-/- mice also show a significant decrease in Pro-glucagon and Glp-1r mRNA and a low basal level of GLP-1. We report that CB1R is involved in the perception of fat taste via calcium signaling and secretion of GLP-1.In the second part, we first characterized the phenotype of human fungiform cells (HTC-8). Indeed, the project of my thesis includes the characterization on the molecular scale of bitter and lipid receptors and their cross-talk in these cells (collaboration BRAIN, Germany). We have demonstrated that HTC-8 cells express PLCβ2 and α-gustducin at the mRNA and protein level. They also express TAS2R16 and TAS2R38 and these same cells co-express CD36 and GPR120. Then, we studied signaling via these receptors using linoleic acid, a CD36 and GPR120 agonist, sinigrin, TAS2R16 agonist and TAS2R38, salicin, TAS2R16 receptor agonist, and phenylthiocarbamide, TAS2R38 receptor agonist. In addition, calcium signal studies have shown that downstream fatty signaling shares a common path with downstream bitter taste signaling, highlighting a cross-talk between these two taste modalities.Although we have shown the cross-talk between bitter and lipid taste modalities, we still have to study these phenomena at the level of the organism. These results, already, show that the bitter taste and the cannabinoid-1 receptor are related to the taste sensitivity of fat and must be taken into account for the management of obesity
Grau, Bové Maria Carme. "Regulation of enteroendocrine function by bioactive components through their interaction with bitter taste receptors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672967.
Повний текст джерелаEl sistema enteroendocrino se encuentra en el tracto gastrointestinal y controla el apetito y la actividad pancreática endocrina, entre otras funciones. Los compuestos bioactivos que estimulan este sistema son candidatos terapéuticos para tratar patologías relacionadas con estas funciones. Previamente se identificó que un extracto de proantocianidinas de semillas de uva (GSPE) es antidiabético por sus capacidades de mejora de la función de las células y su capacidad saciante, como consecuencia en parte activar del sistema enteroendocrino. Nuestro grupo relacionó las secreciones enteroendocrinas inducidas por polifenoles con la estimulación de receptores del gusto amargo (TAS2R) in vitro, pero si esto se refleja en una ingesta alterada aún se desconoce. Por esto, es necesario comprender mejor este sistema para poder desarrollar mejores estrategias terapéuticas. Esta tesis aborda si las secreciones enteroendocrinas inducidas por GSPE modulan la producción de glucagón pancreático y si estas se regulan mediante la estimulación específica de TAS2R que conduce a un control diferencial de la ingesta. Esta hipótesis se ha evaluado con estudios in vivo en ratas y estudios ex vivo en muestras intestinales. Hemos identificado que el glucagón es más sensible que la insulina a GSPE, lo que se correlaciona con una secreción ileal de GLP1 mejorada.
The enteroendocrine system is located in the gastrointestinal tract and controls appetite and endocrine pancreatic activity, among other functions. Thus, bioactive compounds that stimulate the enteroendocrine system are therapeutic candidates for treating pathologies related to these functions. Previous research has identified a grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) as antidiabetic for its -cell function enhancement abilities and its appetitesuppressing activity at least partly through activating the enteroendocrine system. Moreover, our group has linked the polyphenol-induced enteroendocrine secretions to the stimulation of some bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) in vitro, but whether it results in an altered food intake has not been studied yet. Since little is known of the mechanisms used by polyphenols to stimulate secretory mechanisms of the enteroendocrine system, there is a need to fully comprehend this system to specifically target it with a therapeutic strategy. For this reason, this thesis addressed whether GSPE-induced enterohormone secretions modulate pancreatic glucagon production, and whether these secretions are regulated through the specific stimulation of TAS2R leading to a differential control of food intake. This hypothesis was assessed with in vivo studies in rats and ex vivo studies in intestinal samples.
Larsen, James D. "Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Dependent Effects of Nicotine on HEK293T and HBO Cells." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5701.
Повний текст джерелаGous, Andries Gustav Stefanus. "Perceptions and acceptance of grapefruit-like model beverages that vary in taste colour and aroma sensory properties : effects of sensitivity to bitter taste and TAS2R38 and TAS2R19 bitter receptor genes." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77821.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Food Science
PhD
Unrestricted
Loßow, Kristina. "Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Mausmodellen mit lichtsensitivem Geschmackssystem zur Aufklärung der neuronalen Geschmackskodierung." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5805/.
Повний текст джерелаTaste impression is based on the interaction of taste, smell and touch. To evaluate the nutritious content of food mammals possess five distinct taste qualities: sweet, bitter, umami (taste of amino acids), sour and salty. For bitter, sweet, and umami compounds taste signaling is initiated by binding of tastants to G protein-coupled receptors. The interactions of taste stimuli, usually watersoluble chemicals, with their cognate receptors lead to the activation of the G protein gustducin, which, in turn, initiates a signal resulting in the activation of gustatory afferents. However, details of gustatory signal transmission and processing as well as neural coding are only incompletely understood. This is partly due to the property of some tastants to elicit several sensations simultaneously, unspecific effects caused by the temperature, viscosity, osmolarity, and pH of the solvents, as well as by mechanical stimulation of the tongue during stimulus application. The analysis of gustatory processing of taste information are mainly based on mouse models after stimulation with bitter taste stimuli. Even though it is known that the mouse genome codes for 35 bitter taste receptor genes only few of them had been analysed so far. For better understanding and interpretation of animal experiments 16 mouse bitter receptors had been analysed by Calcium Imaging experiments with HEK293T cells. The data reveal that mouse bitter taste receptors are more narrow tuned than human bitter taste receptors, proving that the ligand spectra of murine and human orthologous receptors are not complient. In order to avoid the disturbing effects of solvents and stimulus application on the analysis of gustatory information transfer and processing, I employ an optogenetical approach to address this problem. For this purpose I generated three strains of gene-targeted mice in which the coding regions of the genes for the umami receptor subunit Tas1r1, the sweet receptor subunit Tas1r2 or the bitter taste receptor Tas2r114 have been replaced by the coding sequences of different opsins (photoreceptors of visual transduction) that are sensitive to light of various wavelengths. In these animals I should be able to activate sweet, bitter, or umami signalling by light avoiding any solvent effects. In initial experiments of this project I demonstrated that the various visual opsins indeed functionally couple to taste signal transduction pathway in oocyte expression system, generating basic knowledge and foundation for the generation of the gene-targeted animals. The knockout-knockin strategies have been successfully realized in the case of all three mouse models, revealed by RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis of taste papillae. All data confirm that the particular taste receptors have been replaced by the different opsins in taste cells. Further analysis concerning the functional consequences of opsin knockin and taste receptor knockout are part of prospective work.
Ali, Agha Moutaz. "Physiologie des récepteurs gustatifs chez la mouche de vinaigre (Drosophila melanogaster)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA037/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn most animals including insects, ingestion is preceded by a close examination of the food, for example in order to detect the presence of potentially noxious chemicals. This detection involves specialized gustatory cells, which are generally described as sensitive to “bitter” tastes. Using electrophysiology and behavioral observations, we studied how a model insect, Drosophila melanogaster, can detect potentially toxic substances (described here as “bitter”) when mixed with sugar molecules, with their gustatory neurons. In a first part, we studied how L-canavanine is detected. Lcanavanine is a pseudo amino acid, which is confounded with L-arginine by the metabolism. Proteins which include Lcanavanine are non-functional and this compound is toxic for animals including insects. Using genetic constructions based on the UAS-Gal4 expression system, we showed that Lcanavanine is detected by gustatory cells expressing a receptor protein, GR66a, which is specific to most cells capable of detecting bitter substances. We also showed that, contrary to caffeine, the detection of L-canavanine requires functional Gαo proteins. Then, we studied some aspects of the detection of mixtures of sweet and bitter molecules. In a first approach, we contributed to establish that L-canavanine does not impact sugar detection, while other chemicals like strychnine completely inhibit sugar detection. By using the UAS-Gal4 system to ablate bitter-sensitive cells, we could demonstrate that such inhibition is a specific property of sugar- sensitive cells. These cells should have thus receptors for bitter substances which have not been identified yet. We also examined the reverse interaction, which is a possible role of sweet molecules to inhibit the detection of bitter substances. We examined the detection of denatonium, berberine, caffeine and umbelliferone in the presence of 12 different sugars, using behavioral and electrophysiology observations. By using genetic construction to ablate sugar-sensitive cells, we found that the sugar inhibitory action is not due to the presence of sugar-sensitive cells. It should be noted, however that in our experimental conditions, this inhibitory action is less efficient than the inhibition of bitter upon sugar detection. In a last part, we examined the modulation of gustatory perception by analogs of leucokinine, which is a neuropeptide involved in the diuresis of insects. We show that these analogs, when mixed with sugars in solution, can inhibit sugar detection by gustatory sensilla, both in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and in Drosophila. The detection of bitter molecules by gustatory neurons in Drosophila thus involves two main coding channels: one is specific, and involves gustatory cells dedicated to the detection of bitter molecules; the second one, less specific, is affecting cells which are dedicated to the detection of sugar molecules. Gustatory coding is thus a more complex phenomenon than previously thought on the basis of examining responses to single molecules, thus urging to study the responses of gustatory receptors to more complex and natural mixtures
Pioltine, Marina Brosso. "Influência de polimorfismos nos genes dos receptores de sabor gorduroso, doce e amargo no consumo alimentar e no perfil metabólico de crianças e adolescentes obesos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-24022016-090956/.
Повний текст джерелаBACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a major public health problem and it has a direct impact on the quality of life of children and adolescents, as well as the future risk for development of chronic diseases. The dietary pattern rich in fats and sugars associated to the low intake of dietary fibers, vitamins and minerals is widespread for the rise of obesity. However the factors that contribute to the preference for foods rich in these nutrients are not well established. Taste is recognized as an important predictor of food choices, and polymorphisms in genes encoding its receptors may explain the variability of taste preference and food intake on population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of polymorphisms of fat (CD36), sweet (TAS1R2) and bitter (TAS2R38) taste receptor genes in diet and metabolic profile in obese children and adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 668 obese children and adolescents and a control group of 135 normal-weight children. The molecular study was made for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1761667 and rs1527483 of CD36, rs9701796 and rs35874116 of TAS1R2, rs1726866 and rs713598 of TAS2R38, and the analysis of food intake and metabolic profile. RESULTS: In relation to CD36, the A allele of rs1761667 was associated with lower intake of total fat, poly and monounsaturated fats, consumption of fatty flavor food, intake of vegetable oils and total sugars in obese. The A allele of rs1527483 was associated with lower percentile of diastolic blood pressure, lower fat mass and increased fat-free mass in obese. Regarding TAS1R2 gene, the variant rs9701796 was associated to increased metabolic risk according to waist-height ratio, as well as with higher consumption of chocolate powder in obese. The variant rs35874116 showed a lower intake of dietary fiber. In TAS2R38, the G allele of rs1726866 was associated with a lower intake of monounsaturated fat and a higher intake of total sugars in obese. The G allele of rs713598 was related to the higher carbohydrate intake, consumption of sweet tasting food, soda drinks and less fiber intake by normal weight children. CONCLUSION: There was no relationship between genotypes and risk of obesity. The findings show the association between polymorphisms of taste receptor genes with dietary intake, indicating differences between obese and lean children, as well as the protective and risk alleles for cardiometabolic risk in CD36 and TAS1R2, respectively
Xie, Cong. "The role of gastrointestinal function in the regulation of postprandial glycaemia and energy balance in health and type 2 diabetes." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/134214.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, 2021
Upadhyaya, Jasbir Deol. "Characterization of human bitter taste receptor T2R1." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4129.
Повний текст джерелаBillakanti, Rohini. "Structural and functional analysis of the ligand binding pocket of bitter taste receptor T2R4." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23735.
Повний текст джерелаDuarte, Ana Catarina Abreu. "Characterization of bitter taste receptors expression and function in the human blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/11133.
Повний текст джерела(TR2) foi demonstrada recentemente nas células epiteliais do plexo coróide (PC) de rato. As células do PC formam a barreira sangue-líquido cefalorraquidiano, uma das principais barreiras cerebrais. A presença de TR2 no PC sugere que estes recetores possam estar envolvidos na monitorização da composição química do sangue e do líquido cefalorraquidiano. As barreiras do cérebro desempenham um papel crucial na proteção do sistema nervoso central (SNC) impedindo o acesso de substâncias nocivas ao cérebro. Consequentemente, muitos fármacos direcionados para o tratamento de patologias do SNC não conseguem ultrapassar estas barreiras. Isto deve-se, em grande parte, à presença de diversos transportadores nas células que constituem estas barreiras, os quais transportam os fármacos para fora das células e, portanto, impedem a sua acumulação nas células alvo. Diversos compostos amargos, ligandos dos TR2, possuem propriedades anti-tumorais e de neuroprotecção. Contudo, a biodisponibilidade destes compostos é, normalmente, muito baixa o que dificulta a sua aplicação terapêutica. Adicionalmente, sabe-se que estes compostos interagem com transportadores membranares nas células das barreiras do cérebro. Isto sugere que os compostos amargos com potencial terapêutico sejam transportados para fora das células, o que explica a sua baixa biodisponibilidade, mas também que podem regular a ação dos transportadores de membrana o que poderá contribuir para uma maior acumulação intracelular dos compostos. Uma vez que estes compostos amargos são agonistas dos TR2, é possível que estes tenham um papel crucial na regulação da biodisponibilidade desses compostos ao nível do SNC, tal como reportado em alguns órgãos. Como tal, o trabalho desenvolvido nesta tese de doutoramento teve como principal objetivo a análise da expressão e da função da via de sinalização gustativa do amargo na barreira sangue-líquido cefalorraquidiano humana. Adicionalmente, foi estudado o papel dos TR2 no transporte do composto resveratrol ao nível da barreira sangue-líquido cefalorraquidiano humana. Na primeira parte do trabalho, foi possível confirmar a expressão de 13 TAS2Rs e das proteínas efetoras da via de transdução de sinal gustativa num modelo humano da barreira sangue-líquido cefalorraquidiano. Além disto, foi também demonstrada a funcionalidade dos TAS2R14 e 39, em resposta aos compostos quercetina e cloranfenicol, respetivamente. Na segunda parte do trabalho, analisámos o transporte do composto amargo, resveratrol, num modelo in vitro da barreira sangue-líquido cefalorraquidiano humana, e avaliámos a possível envolvência dos TAS2Rs, que ligam o resveratrol, nesse transporte. Deste trabalho concluiu-se que o resveratrol atravessa a barreira sangue-líquido cefalorraquidiano na direção sangue - líquido cefalorraquidiano (basolateral – apical), de forma dependente do TAS2R14. Observámos também que os transportadores de efluxo ABCC1, ABCC4 e ABCG2 presentes nas células epiteliais do CP transportam o resveratrol, e que este aumenta a expressão do ABCG2 e modula a sua função, bem como a do ABCC4, de forma dependente do TAS2R14. Em suma, os resultados obtidos durante o desenvolvimento deste projeto permitem afirmar que os TAS2Rs são expressos e estão funcionais na barreira sangue-líquido cefalorraquidiano humana, podendo participar na monitorização da composição química dos fluidos que a circundam. Adicionalmente, reforçam o papel crucial que esta barreira desempenha na regulação do transporte de substâncias para o cérebro. No futuro, será importante continuar a explorar o papel de outros TAS2Rs após ativação pelos seus ligandos no cérebro, assim como, na regulação dos mecanismos de transporte e, também de destoxificação existentes na barreira sangue-líquido cefalorraquidiano. Este conhecimento irá certamente contribuir para uma melhoria dos processos terapêuticos utilizados para entrega de fármacos ao SNC.
Putri, Diwyacitta Antya, and 杜雅欣. "Study on the Activation of Bitter Taste Receptors and Glucose Consumption of Intestinal Epithelial Cells by the Exopolysaccharides of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cgncn5.
Повний текст джерела國立屏東科技大學
生物科技系
106
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens have been demonstarted to have a hypoglycemic effect. Meanwhile, the EPS solution tastes bitter, while the activation of bitter taste receptors has been suggested to be associated with the regulation of blood glucose. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to characterize whether the hypoglycemic effect of EPS is associated with the activation of bitter taste receptors (TAS2R). NCI-H716, and IEC-18 cells were used as a model of the intestinal enteroendocrine cells, and that of intestinal epithelial cells, respectively. When NCI-H716 cells were treated with EPS, an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration was observed. The secretion of GLP-1 from NCI-H716 cells was also promoted after EPS treatment. Meanwhile, when IEC-18 cells were treated with EPS, glucose consumption of the cells was obviously enhanced, and AKT, a signaling factor in the insulin-signaling pathway, was activated in the cells. These results supported that EPS might activate TAS2R in intestinal enteroendocrine cells, leading to the secretion of GLP-1, a hormone promoting the secretion of insulin. Meanwhile, EPS activated effectors in the insulin-signaling pathway and increased the glucose consumption of intestinal epithelial cells. These effects of EPS on the intestinal cells likely play roles in the hypoglycemic function of EPS. Keywords : Exopolysaccharides, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, hypoglycemic effect, bitter taste receptor, intestinal cells