Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Bitter Asteraceae"

The Asteraceae family is one of the largest flowering plant families, with over 1600 genera and 2500 species worldwide. Some of its most well-known taxa are lettuce, chicory, artichoke, daisy and dandelion. The members of the Asteraceae have been used in the diet and for medicine for centuries. Despite their wide diversity, most family members share a similar chemical composition: for example, all species are good sources of inulin, a natural polysaccharide with strong prebiotic properties. They also demonstrate strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, as well as diuretic and wound healing properties. Their pharmacological effects can be attributed to their range of phytochemical compounds, including polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, acetylenes and triterpenes. One such example is arctiin: a ligand with numerous antioxidant, antiproliferative and desmutagenic activities. The family is also a source of sesquiterpene lactones: the secondary metabolites responsible for the bitter taste of many plants. This mini review examines the current state of literature regarding the positive effect of the Asteraceae family on human health.

Sesquiterpene lactones are secondary metabolites commonly found in higher plants as well as mosses, lichens, and fungi. Currently, over 5000 of such compounds have been identified with a majority isolated from Asteraceae plants. They are characterised by different chemical structures associated with the presence of various carbon pathways and functional groups, which exert an impact on their pharmacological activity. These colourless substances are soluble in fats, alcohols, or water. They are often bitter ingredients regarded as bitter compounds. They are accumulated mainly in leaves, flower parts and seeds; less frequently, they are present in roots. Sesquiterpene lactones exhibit multidirectional biological activity: some of them have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, antiparasitic, antifungal, and bacteriostatic effects. Therefore, high hopes are placed on the medical and pharmaceutical use of these substances. Lactone compounds are also regarded as a potential source of new active substances used in agriculture to combat plant pathogens

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-dependent condition involving prostate enlargement which may lead to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). This study was designed to study the ameliorative effect of the aqueous extract of bitter leaf Vernonia amygdalina Delile (Asterales: Asteraceae) on testosterone-induced BPH in a rat model. Thirty adult male Wister rats were randomly divided into six groups (A to F), with BPH induced through a single subcutaneous injection of 5 mg/kg of testosterone propionate (TP) and Vernonia amygdalina administered in various doses through oral gavage for 14 days. Group A (control) was administered with distilled water only, group B with 5 mg/kg of TP only, group C with 5 g/mL of V. amygdalina only, group D with 5 mg/kg of TP and 5 g/mL of V. amygdalina, group E with 5 mg/kg of TP and 7.5 g/mL of V. amygdalina and group F with 5 mg/kg of TP and 10 g/ml of V. amygdalina. Results show that testosterone caused histological changes that are similar to the presentation of BPH in the prostate. Aqueous extract of V. amygdalina was observed to ameliorate testosterone-induced histological changes and prostatic parameters especially at higher concentration. This suggests that bitter leaf could be a candidate herb for the treatment of BPH.

Medicinal plants have assumed the basis of traditional treatment and have proven effective in human health care worldwide. There is an increasing interest in complementary and alternative therapies to treat various illnesses. The continued consumption of antibiotics with little or no impact on bacteria has negatively affected health care delivery. Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) is a common shrub belonging to the family Asteraceae and a perennial shrub usually cultivated as a homestead vegetable and fodder tree in various parts of Nigeria. The current study examined the effect of bitter leafs phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity on Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The result of the phytochemical analysis performed on the root and stem bark of V. amygdalina revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, tannin, flavonoids, saponins, and phenol. However, the investigation revealed that tannins and phenol were mainly deposited in the plants stem bark. Also, the antimicrobial analysis conducted showed that S. aureus was more vulnerable to the ethanol, acetone, and hot aqueous extracts of V. amygdalina. At the same time. Albicans and P. aeruginosa showed sensitivity on exposure to ethanol and acetone but did not react to the hot aqueous extracts. The study concludes that the observed biological reactions indicated in the aqueous extracts of V. amygdalina validate the traditional application of this plant as an alternative antibiotic.

Pluchea lanceolata(DC.) C. B. Clarke # PLULA is an aggressive, pernicious, rhizomatous evergreen weed in the Asteraceae. In other literature,P. lanceolataOliv. & Hiern has also been mentioned (Anonymous 1992, pp. 731 and 1147). With heavy root branches and dense subterranean parts,P. lanceolatais a common weed of sandy and saline tracts of the dry plains of the northwestern parts of India (Dakshini and Sabina 1981; Inderjit 1993; Rice 1995). It also occurs in North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (Nasir and Ali 1972; Oliver 1885). In India, it occurs both in cultivated and uncultivated areas. It causes considerable damage to winter and summer season crops. The control measures through conventional methods such as deep plowing, burning of aboveground parts, and herbicides are found to be unsuccessful. This rapidly spreading perennial weed apparently cannot be used for forage because of its disagreeable bitter taste (Anonymous 1976). Allelopathy has been reported as a probable cause ofP. lanceolatainterference (Inderjit and Dakshini 1990, 1992b, 1994a, 1994b, 1996a, 1996b; Inderjit et al. 1996).

The aim of our study was to identify novel molecules able to induce an adaptative response against oxidative stress during the first stages of metabolic syndrome. A cellular survival in vitro test against H2O2-based test was applied after pretreatment with various natural bitter Asteraceae extracts. This screening revealed potent protection from burdock leaf extract. Using chromatography and LC-MS—RMN, we then isolated and identified an original sesquiterpene lactone bioactive molecule: the Xanthatin-13-(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid) (XPc). A real-time RT-qPCR experiment was carried out on three essential genes involved in oxidative stress protection: GPx, SOD, and G6PD. In presence of XPc, an over-expression of the G6PD gene was recorded, whereas no modification of the two others genes could be observed. A biochemical docking approach demonstrated that XPc had a high probability to directly interact with G6PD at different positions. One of the most probable docking sites corresponds precisely to the binding site of AG1, known to stabilize the G6PD dimeric form and enhance its activity. In conclusion, this novel sesquiterpene lactone XPc might be a promising prophylactic bioactive agent against oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes.

Le syndrome métabolique comme le diabète de type 2 sont des pathologies chroniques souvent étroitement liées. Le syndrome métabolique via des dysfonctionnements physiologiques qui s'auto-entretiennent et s'amplifient conduira au diabète de type 2. Les dysfonctionnement majeurs sont l'obésité abdominale, l'inflammation et le stress oxydant tissulaire et enfin l'insulino-résistance des tissus sensibles à l'insuline. Il convient donc de lutter efficacement contre ces dysfonctionnements afin de lutter contre ces pathologies chroniques. Les travaux de l'équipe dans laquelle j'ai effectué ma thèse ont permis de mettre en évidence les effets pléiotropes de substances de la famille des dérivés caffeoyls. Ces dérivés largement reconnus comme substances antioxydantes ont des effets insulino-sensibilisants (augmentent le captage de glucose sous stimulus insulinique) et aussi insulino-stimulants (augmentent la capacité sécrétrice de la cellule -pancréatique). Les plantes qui produisent ces dérivés caffoyls sont donc des sources intéressantes de nouveaux aliments santé, d'allégations ou encore de boissons infusées aptes à lutter contre le syndrome métabolique. Les Astéracées semblent disposer de ces substances bénéfiques.Durant ma thèse, j'ai pu montré l'effet antidiabétique d'un extrait de racine de chicorée sauvage (NCRAE), riche en acide chicorique (CRA) et en dérivés caffeoyl-quinic acides (CQAs). L'analyse de l'extrait par LC-MS a permis de déterminer le ratio CRA/CQAs de 70/30. Nous avons montré qu'un mélange d'acide chicorique et d'acide chlorogénique (70/30) mime l' effet antidiabétique de NCRAE. Nous démontrons pour la première fois le bénéfice antidiabétique d'un mélange de dérivés caffeoylsDe nombreuses Astéracées produisent des mélanges divers de dérivés caffeoyls. Afin de mieux comprendre les effets de mélanges caffeoyls nous avons décidé de réaliser une évaluation des effets biologiques in vitro d'extraits riches en caffeoyls issus de dix Astéracées. Nous voulons ensuite réaliser une analyse corrélative entre leurs contenus et leurs effets. L'analyse LC-MS est en cours actuellement.Enfin, deux plantes exotiques (du Congo Kinshasa) bien connues pour leur vertu antidiabétique par les tradipraticiens ont été étudiées. Bien que faisant parties d'autres familles botaniques, celles-ci contiennent également des dérivés caffeoyls. Il était donc intéressant d'appliquer nos critères d'évaluation in vitro du potentiel antidiabétique d'une plante afin d'envisager ou non l'implication des dérivés caffeoyls.Mon travail soutien l'usage en mélanges des dérivés caffoyls afin de lutter contre le syndrome métabolique et le diabète de type 2
Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are considered as chronic pathologies. The metabolic syndrome via physiological dysfunctions that self-sustain and expand will lead to type 2 diabetes. The major dysfunctions are abdominal obesity, inflammation and tissue oxidative stress and finally tissue insulin resistance. insulin sensitive. It is therefore necessary to fight effectively against these dysfunctions in order to fight against these chronic pathologies. The work of the team in which I carried out my thesis made it possible to highlight the pleiotropic effects of substances of the family of caffeoyls derivatives. These derivatives widely recognized as antioxidant substances have insulin-sensitizing effects (increase glucose uptake insulin stimulus) and also insulin-stimulating (increase the insulin secretion capacity of the -pancreatic cell). The plants that produce these caffoyl derivatives are therefore interesting sources of new health foods, claims or beverages infused to oppose the metabolic syndrome. Asteraceae seem to have these beneficial substances.During my thesis, I was able to show the antidiabetic effect of wild chicory root extract (NCRAE), rich in chicoric acid (CRA) and caffeoyl-quinic acid derivatives (CQAs). Analysis of the extract by LC-MS determined the CRA / CQAs ratio of 70/30. We have shown that a mixture of chicoric acid and chlorogenic acid (70/30) mimics the antidiabetic effect of NCRAE. We demonstrate for the first time the antidiabetic benefit of a mixture of caffeoyl derivativesMany Asteraceae produce various mixtures of caffeoyl derivatives. In order to better understand the effects of caffeoyl mixtures, we decided to carry out an evaluation of the in vitro biological effects of caffeoyl rich extracts from ten Asteraceae. We then want to carry out a correlative analysis between their contents and their effects. LC-MS analysis is ongoing.Finally, two exotic plants (Congo Kinshasa) well known for their antidiabetic properties by traditional "healers" were studied. Although belonging to other botanical families, these also contain caffeoyl derivatives. It was therefore interesting to apply our criteria of in vitro evaluation of the antidiabetic potential of a plant in order to envisage or not the implication of the caffeoyls derivatives.My work supports the use in mixtures of caffoyl derivatives to fight against metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes

Le syndrome métabolique (SMet) se caractérise par une obésité abdominale qui induit un cercle pernicieux auto-entretenu, dans lequel un état inflammatoire de bas grade et un stress oxydatif vont favoriser l'insulino-résistance pour conduire à terme au diabète de type II. Pour tenter d’empêcher ces troubles physiologiques, un régime alimentaire et une activité physique régulière sont proposés aux personnes à risque. Souvent, le traitement médicamenteux s’avère indispensable et expose le patient à une poly médication prolongée et a ces effets préjudiciables à long terme. Ce travail de thèse consiste à étudier une voie alternative par une médecine douce ciblée consistant en une prise régulière d’une boisson infusée d’Astéracées amères choisies pour leur richesse en sesquiterpènes lactones et en dérivés caffeoyls. Les premiers sont connus pour leur activité anti-inflammatoire et les seconds pour leurs effets à la fois antioxydant/anti-inflammatoire et insulino-sensibilisant. Une étude in vivo sur des rats « syndrome métabolique induit » a été conduite avec pour objectif de tester la pertinence d’une infusion d’Astéracées riche en dérivés caffeoyls dans la prévention du SMet. L’expérimentation a été menée sur le modèle de rat « fructose », un modèle nutritionnel prédisposant au SMet en quatre semaines. La comparaison des paramètres physiologiques de la cohorte d’animaux "témoin" nourris avec une alimentation normale et la cohorte d’animaux nourris avec une alimentation "riche en fructose" supplémentée ou non par l'infusion, nous a permis de montrer des effets patents de l’infusion sur la sensibilité à l’insuline et sur le poids des animaux. Par ailleurs, nous avons recherché de nouvelles substances naturelles toujours plus efficaces dans la lutte contre le stress oxydatif. Pour cela, nous avons procédé à un criblage cellulaire sur 8 extraits hydro alcooliques d’Astéracées amères visant à évaluer leurs effets protecteurs contre un stress oxydatif généré par H2O2. L’extrait de feuille de bardane présentait l’activité protectrice la plus puissante et a été retenu pour un fractionnement séquentiel visant à purifier et à identifier la molécule bioactive par RMN. Une analyse RT-qPCR et une approche d’amarrage moléculaire ont permis d’identifier la cible responsable de l’effet de protection. L’ensemble des résultats à conduit à l’identification d’un nouveau sesquiterpène lactone activateur de la glucose-6-phosphodeshydrogenase
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterised by abdominal obesity that induces a self-perpetuating pernicious cycle in which low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress promote insulin resistance and ultimately lead to type II diabetes. In order to prevent these physiological disorders, diet and regular physical activity are recommended for patients at risk. Often, medical treatment is essential and exposes the patient to prolonged poly-drug therapy and its undermining consequences in the long term. This thesis work consists in studying an alternative way of targeted alternative medicine consisting in a regular intake of a drink infused with bitter Asteraceae chosen for their richness in sesquiterpene lactones and caffeoyl derivatives. The former are known for their anti-inflammatory activity and the latter for their antioxidant/anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitising effects. An in vivo study on "induced metabolic syndrome" rats was conducted with the aim of testing the relevance of an infusion of Asteraceae rich in caffeoyl derivatives in the prevention of MetS. The experiment was conducted on the "fructose" rat model, a nutritional model predisposing to SMet in four weeks. The comparison of physiological parameters of the cohort of "control" animals fed with a normal diet and the cohort of animals fed with a "high fructose" diet supplemented or not by the infusion, allowed us to show clear effects of the infusion on the insulin sensitivity and on the weight of animals. In addition, we have researched new natural substances that are more effective in the fight against oxidative stress. To do this, we carried out a cellular screening on 8 hydroalcoholic extracts of bitter Asteraceae in order to evaluate their protective effects against oxidative stress generated by H2O2. The burdock leaf extract shows the most potent protective activity and was selected for a sequential fractionation aimed at purifying and identifying the bioactive molecule by NMR. RT-qPCR analysis and a molecular docking approach were used to identify the target responsible for the protective effect. The results led to the identification of a new sesquiterpene lactone that activates glucose-6-phosphodeshydrogenase