Дисертації: "Birth months"

1

Gibbins, Christopher. "Factors affecting the development of externalizing behaviour problems from birth to 48 months." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ56080.pdf.

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2

Rose, D. H. "The development of visual recognition memory in infants from birth to six months." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356241.

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3

Kaley, Fiona Maria. "Investigating factors affecting infant cry and sleep routines from birth to twelve months." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6941/.

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The studies in this thesis explore both the individual differences and developmental trajectories in infant routines and bridge the disciplines of paediatric and developmental psychology. The different methodological approaches serve to highlight similarities in findings across the studies and clarify those methods which are best suited to this period of rapid development. This collection of studies first addresses predictors of infant cry, feed and sleep routines generally, examining both the intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the first few weeks of life (Chapter 1). It highlights specifically the effects of maternal parity on infant sleep pattern and the possible differential responding of primiparous and multiparous mothers. As maternal mental health has typically been found to affect infant routines, maternal parity as a potential moderating factor in this relation is then investigated (Chapter 2). To examine the stability and change in routines infants are followed up in the only microgenetic study of its kind (Chapter 3). An online study detailed in Chapter 4 examines the effect of parity on maternal responses to infant crying and the final study (Chapter5) examines the effectiveness of a unique sling specifically designed to aid settling and soothing of distressed infants. The studies highlight the potential variety of factors influencing infant routines and consequently the need for research in this field to control for confounding factors. It is becomes clear that research into infant routines ought to adopt longitudinal approaches to fully explore developmental changes during the first year postpartum.

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4

Beukes, Ronel A. (Ronel Annamarie). "The longitudinal growth and feeding practices of infants from birth to twelve months." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49799.

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Thesis (Mnutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is a silent emergency. WHO estimates that 55% of all child deaths in developing countries are associated with malnutrition. Inadequate dietary intake and disease are the two immediate causes of malnutrition. The underlying causes are household food insecurity, inadequate maternal and child-care and poor water/ sanitation and inadequate health services. Stunting is a major problem in pre-school children in South Africa. This indicates a long term inadequate dietary intake. Furthermore, the initiation of breastfeeding in South Africa is about 90%, and the duration thereof tends to be less than 3 months after birth. A great majority of children in this country consume a diet deficient in energy and of poor nutrient density to meet their micronutrient requirements. The aim of this study was to identify feeding practices of infants that could contribute to the development of malnutrition. METHOD: This was a cohort study with a prospective experimental design. Forty-four of the original 73 mother-infant pairs that were recruited, were interviewed monthly on feeding practices of the infants. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height of the infants) were measured monthly. RESULTS: Weight-for-age Z-scores dropped significantly with age from around 4 months, when weaning had started. Inadequate dietary intake, more specifically weaning practices and breastfeeding practices, were identified as the immediate cause that could contribute to the development of malnutrition in this community. Except for the positive relationship between the level of education of the father and an increase in HAZ over time, growth was not affected by socio-economic and demographic factors in this community. This is probably because of the fact that there were very small differences in socio-economic and demographic factors. CONCLUSION: Weaning and breastfeeding practices should be addressed in all nutrition education programmes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: INLEIDING: Wanvoeding is 'n stil gevaar. Die WGO skat dat daar 'n verband is tussen wanvoeding en ongeveer 55% van alle kindersterftes in ontwikkelende lande. 'n Onvoldoende dieetinname en siekte is die twee onmiddellike oorsake van wanvoeding. Onvoldoende huishoudelike voedselsekuriteit, onvoldoende moeder- en kindsorg en swak sanitasie en watervoorsiening asook onvoldoende gesondheidsorg is die onderliggende oorsake. Dwerggroei is 'n groot probleem in Suid-Afrika onder voorskoolse kinders. Dit dui op 'n langdurige onvoldoende dieetinname. Bydraend hiertoe, is die aanvang van borsvoeding in Suid-Afrika ongeveer 90%, maar die duurte van borsvoeding is minder as 3 maande na geboorte. Die meerderheid van alle kinders in Suid-Afrika se dieet het 'n tekort aan energie en die nutriëntdigtheid van hulle diëte voldoen nie aan hulle daaglikse behoeftes ten opsigte van mikronutriënte nie. Die doel van hierdie studie was om voedingspraktyke te identifiseer wat kan bydra tot die ontwikkeling van wanvoeding. METODE: Dit was 'n kohortstudie met 'n prospektiewe eksperimentele ontwerp. Vier-en-veertig van die oorspronklike aanvanklike moeder-babapare wat gewerf is, is maandeliks ondervra met betrekking tot die voedingspraktyke van die baba en antropometriese metimgs (gewig en lengte van die baba) is maandeliks geneem. RESULTATE: Z waardes van gewig vir ouderdom het beduidend gedaal namate die kinders ouer geword het, veral vanaf 4 maande, toe spening begin het. 'n Onvoldoende dieetinname, meer spesifiek spenings- en borsvoedingspraktyke, is geïdentifiseer as die onmiddellike oorsake wat tot die ontwikkeleing van wanvoeding kan bydra in hierdie gemeenskap. Daar was 'n positiewe verband tussen lengtegroei (Z waardes van lengte vir ouderdom) en die vlak van opvoeding van die vader. Groei is nie deur die ander sosio-ekonomiese en demografiese faktore beïnvloed nie, moontlik as gevolg van die klein verskille in sosio-ekonomiese en demografiese eienskappe van die studie populasie. GEVOLGTREKKING: Spenings- en borsvoedingpraktyke behoort aandag te geniet in alle voedingsvoorligtings-programme.

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5

Thomas, Anna Mair. "Cultural variations in mother-infant interactions during feeding : a prospective study from birth to six months." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392394.

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6

Smart, Sharon J. "The relationship between early feeding and communication development in preterm and term infants : birth to 12 months." Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1858.

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The relationship between feeding development and early speech production has received increasing interest over the past 30 years. If a relationship between the motor control systems for feeding and communication is present, it could have implications for the early identification of communication deficits in children. Theoretical support exists for a relationship between the feeding and speech motor systems based on evolutionary theory (Blanchard, 1963), and anatomical similarities in oral motor function (Morris, 1985, 1990, 1991, 1998). However, the existence of a causal relationship between early feeding and communication development remains uncertain due to a lack of empirical research. A model proposed by Carpendale and Lewis (2004) encompasses the triadic interaction between the environment, maternal factors, and infant factors, which can influence both feeding and communication development. Clinical feeding assessments typically employed by clinicians and researchers are most often carried out with observational checklists. Data reflecting the theoretical foundation, validity, and reliability for these tools are limited. Observation tools assess specific aspects of feeding and oral motor control from a modular perspective, without regard for the infant’s total feeding system. Rogers and Arvedson (2005) highlighted the need for a single standardised assessment tool to assess infant feeding descriptively and objectively. The primary aim of the project was to determine whether the same motor control mechanisms are utilised for oral feeding and communication. The first stage of the study involved the development of a theoretically informed assessment protocols to document systematically the development of feeding skills from birth, the Feeding Assessment Observation (FAO) and the Feeding Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ).The assessment protocol was piloted on 10 term and 10 preterm infants at 1 to 2 weeks, 4, 8 and 12 months corrected age (CA) for preterm infants and chronological age for term infants. The second stage of the project examined the progression of feeding and communication development in a group of term and preterm infants over a 12 month period. The progression of 8 preterm and 7 term infants was observed at 1-2 weeks, 4, 8 and 12 months CA and chronological age for term infants. The mean gestational age for preterm infants was 30 weeks, 6 days (SD = 6.8 days), and term infants was 39 weeks, 5 days (SD = 9.4 days). Assessment of the infants’ feeding and communication skills, environmental and maternal influences was conducted using the initial questionnaire, Feeding Assessment Observation (FAO), Feeding Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ), Home Screening Questionnaire (HSQ), Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Scale, second edition (REEL-2), and the infant-toddler checklist of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile (CSBS-DP), to determine the nature and impact of environmental and social factors on feeding and/or communication development. Preliminary reliability testing of the FAO was conducted. Sixty seven percent (10/15) of observation items achieved greater than 90% inter-observer agreement. There was no significant difference in feeding and communication development between term and preterm infants. The negative linear trend for the development of feeding efficiency on liquids for infants was opposed to the positive linear trend for communication development. Infant feeding efficiency on solids showed parallel positive linear developmental trends with communication development.Comprehensive data were collected on influencing factors from infant, maternal and environmental domains during the initial assessment, and the 4, 8 and 12 month CA developmental reviews. The data revealed significant differences between the term and preterm groups for infant and environmental factors, but no significant differences were found for maternal influences. The study provided some support for the hypothesis of integrative motor control and co-development of feeding and communication. The prediction that infant, maternal, and environmental factors would significantly influence feeding and communication development was not supported. In addition, there was no difference in the impact of influencing factors for the term and preterm groups. The feeding and communication skills of preterm infants developed at corrected age levels, and were not significantly slower than term infants. Furthermore, predicted delays in feeding development were not associated with concomitant delays in communication development for term and preterm infants. Further investigation of the subsequent communication development of infants with definitive feeding difficulties and with a larger sample is suggested.

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7

Smart, Sharon J. "The relationship between early feeding and communication development in preterm and term infants : birth to 12 months." Curtin University of Technology, School of Psychology, Human Communication Science, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21530.

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The relationship between feeding development and early speech production has received increasing interest over the past 30 years. If a relationship between the motor control systems for feeding and communication is present, it could have implications for the early identification of communication deficits in children. Theoretical support exists for a relationship between the feeding and speech motor systems based on evolutionary theory (Blanchard, 1963), and anatomical similarities in oral motor function (Morris, 1985, 1990, 1991, 1998). However, the existence of a causal relationship between early feeding and communication development remains uncertain due to a lack of empirical research. A model proposed by Carpendale and Lewis (2004) encompasses the triadic interaction between the environment, maternal factors, and infant factors, which can influence both feeding and communication development. Clinical feeding assessments typically employed by clinicians and researchers are most often carried out with observational checklists. Data reflecting the theoretical foundation, validity, and reliability for these tools are limited. Observation tools assess specific aspects of feeding and oral motor control from a modular perspective, without regard for the infant’s total feeding system. Rogers and Arvedson (2005) highlighted the need for a single standardised assessment tool to assess infant feeding descriptively and objectively. The primary aim of the project was to determine whether the same motor control mechanisms are utilised for oral feeding and communication. The first stage of the study involved the development of a theoretically informed assessment protocols to document systematically the development of feeding skills from birth, the Feeding Assessment Observation (FAO) and the Feeding Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ).
The assessment protocol was piloted on 10 term and 10 preterm infants at 1 to 2 weeks, 4, 8 and 12 months corrected age (CA) for preterm infants and chronological age for term infants. The second stage of the project examined the progression of feeding and communication development in a group of term and preterm infants over a 12 month period. The progression of 8 preterm and 7 term infants was observed at 1-2 weeks, 4, 8 and 12 months CA and chronological age for term infants. The mean gestational age for preterm infants was 30 weeks, 6 days (SD = 6.8 days), and term infants was 39 weeks, 5 days (SD = 9.4 days). Assessment of the infants’ feeding and communication skills, environmental and maternal influences was conducted using the initial questionnaire, Feeding Assessment Observation (FAO), Feeding Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ), Home Screening Questionnaire (HSQ), Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Scale, second edition (REEL-2), and the infant-toddler checklist of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile (CSBS-DP), to determine the nature and impact of environmental and social factors on feeding and/or communication development. Preliminary reliability testing of the FAO was conducted. Sixty seven percent (10/15) of observation items achieved greater than 90% inter-observer agreement. There was no significant difference in feeding and communication development between term and preterm infants. The negative linear trend for the development of feeding efficiency on liquids for infants was opposed to the positive linear trend for communication development. Infant feeding efficiency on solids showed parallel positive linear developmental trends with communication development.
Comprehensive data were collected on influencing factors from infant, maternal and environmental domains during the initial assessment, and the 4, 8 and 12 month CA developmental reviews. The data revealed significant differences between the term and preterm groups for infant and environmental factors, but no significant differences were found for maternal influences. The study provided some support for the hypothesis of integrative motor control and co-development of feeding and communication. The prediction that infant, maternal, and environmental factors would significantly influence feeding and communication development was not supported. In addition, there was no difference in the impact of influencing factors for the term and preterm groups. The feeding and communication skills of preterm infants developed at corrected age levels, and were not significantly slower than term infants. Furthermore, predicted delays in feeding development were not associated with concomitant delays in communication development for term and preterm infants. Further investigation of the subsequent communication development of infants with definitive feeding difficulties and with a larger sample is suggested.

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8

Cai, Anika. "Longitudinal investigation of middle ear function using multi-frequency, multi-component tympanometry from birth to six months of age." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/19329.

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Objectives: The specific goals of this study were: 1) To understand the mechano-acoustical properties of the normal ear canal and middle ear and its maturation as a function of age using conventional and high frequency tympanometry 2) to establish tympanometric guidelines and normative data of the normal ear canal and middle ear in infants birth to 6 months of age. Design: Thirty-one normal hearing newborns were tested longitudinally in 1-month intervals up to 6 months of age for a total of 6 visits. Tympanograms were recorded and the distributions of patterns were analyzed using the Vanhuyse model at 226 Hz, 678 Hz, and 1000 Hz. Additionally, tympanometric recordings of admittance (Ya), susceptance (Ba), and conductance (Ga) were analyzed at 226 Hz and 1000 Hz probe tones. Lastly, the variation of compensated susceptance and conductance were recorded at extended frequencies from 250-2000 Hz in 50 Hz intervals for 16 infants. Results: Results showed that 1000 Hz tympanograms were the simplest to quantify as most recordings were single-peaked. 226 Hz and 678 Hz recordings were often multi-peaked. Both positive and negative admittance and susceptance tail values increased with age for 226 Hz and 1000 Hz. However, tail values at 1000 Hz increased faster than for 226 Hz. Negative tail values were smaller compared to positive tail values which resulted in smaller compensated admittance values for the positive tails compared to negative tails across all 6 visits. Admittance magnitude decreased with age at 226 Hz as susceptance increased and conductance decreased. However, at 1000 Hz, admittance magnitude increased as susceptance remained relatively constant and conductance increase. Conclusion: Results suggest that the infant middle ear and ear canal develop towards compliance with age although is not yet a purely acoustically compliant system by 6 months of age, particularly at high frequencies. An increase in volume in the middle ear cavity, reduction of middle ear debris, and overall decrease in resistive elements may be contributing to these changes. Significant differences were observed between each visit and warrant the use of age-specific norms when applying tympanometric data to infants below 6 months of age.

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9

Habibian, Mina. "Dietary habits, feeding behaviours and dental health in infants : a prospective study from birth to 18 months of age." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395969.

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10

Gallagher, Dunla. "The Healthy Eating and Lifestyle in Pregnancy cluster randomised controlled trial : a 24 months postpartum follow-up study : an evaluation of the effect of a weight management intervention for maternal obesity, on maternal and child outcomes at 24 months following birth." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/119679/.

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Background: Obesity in pregnancy, and excessive gestational weight gain, are associated with short and long-term adverse health outcomes for mothers and their offspring, including childhood obesity. The Healthy Eating and Lifestyle in Pregnancy (HELP) cluster randomised controlled trial compared the effectiveness of a group-based weight management intervention, delivered during pregnancy and postpartum, with National Health Service routine maternity care. In total, 598 pregnant women, aged 18 years and over, with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2, and between 12 and 20 weeks gestation, were recruited across 20 study centres in England and Wales, United Kingdom. The aim of the HELP trial was to improve health outcomes in these women with obesity. The present study followed up these women and their children at 24 months postpartum and aimed to assess longer-term maternal and child outcomes. It also aimed to explore the experiences of these women. Methods: A sequential mixed methods approach was used. The first, quantitative phase, examined the effectiveness of the HELP intervention on primary outcomes, maternal BMI and child BMI-for-age z-scores, and secondary outcomes, including weight, diet, and physical activity behaviours of mothers and children. Outcomes were analysed using multilevel linear, logistic and ordinal regression models. The second, qualitative phase, used telephone interviews to explore women's experiences. Thematic analysis was used to organise and interpret the interview data. Findings from the two approaches were triangulated for discussion. Results: The 24 months postpartum follow-up included 241 women and children, across 19 clusters. The analyses found no evidence of between groups differences in the primary outcomes, maternal BMI at 24 months postpartum (adjusted percentage difference: -0.01, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.02; ICC < 0.001; p= 0.664) and child BMI-for-age z-scores (adjusted difference in means: 0.24, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.64; ICC < 0.001; p=0.250), or the secondary outcomes. Subsequently, 18 of these women completed a telephone interview. Maternal attitudes towards their own and their child's weight and health behaviours, before, during and after pregnancy, were described in three themes: 1) pregnancy specific attitudes and behaviours; 2) wider weight control attitudes and experiences; and, 3) maternal perceptions and influences on children's weight, diet and activity. Discussion: The HELP intervention did not improve outcomes for women and their children at 24 months postpartum. Women have a strong desire to be healthy for their unborn babies during pregnancy. Non-judgmental support may help them adopt healthier behaviours to achieve short-term goals. However, more support would be needed to help women achieve better long-term outcomes. Women's lived experiences of obesity are complex, and it is important to incorporate their beliefs and motivations into interventions. Rather than viewing pregnancy as a short window of opportunity for initiating behaviour change, it should be used as a unique motivator which could give women a purpose for change over a longer term. Exploring options for intervening in the preconception period to address attitudes and weight loss before pregnancy, supporting women during pregnancy to be healthy for their babies, and building on this postpartum to help women shift their goals to weight loss, self-regulation of weight management, being a positive role model for their children and health-promoting feeding practices; may be more effective for improving maternal and child outcomes.

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11

Wolf, Isabell Ann-Cathrin [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Deuschle. "The Impact of Prenatal Stress on the Mother-Infant Behavior at six Months after Birth: The Role of different Dimensions of Stress. / Isabell Ann-Cathrin Wolf ; Betreuer: Michael Deuschle." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177045184/34.

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12

Valkama, M. (Marita). "Prediction of neurosensory disability in very low birth weight preterm infants:structural and functional brain imaging and hearing screening at term age and follow-up of infants to a corrected age of 18 months." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514259157.

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Abstract The objectives were to study ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission tomography (SPET) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) as structural and functional imaging methods for the prediction of later neuromotor outcome and to assess the reliability of auditory brainstem responses (ABR), transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and free-field auditory behavioural responses (FF) for the prediction of permanent hearing loss. The series comprised 51 surviving very low birth weight preterm infants born at < 34 gestational weeks with a birth weight < 1500 grams, taking 52 full-term infants as controls with respect to hearing screening and 21 with respect to brainstem function. The imaging examinations and hearing screening were performed at term age and follow-up continued to a corrected age of 18 months for the evaluation of neurodevelopment and hearing. MRI images were analysed with regard to the degree of myelination, parenchymal lesions, ventricular-brain ratios and widths of the extracerebral spaces, and the predictive value of the findings for later neuromotor development was assessed by comparison with US. In the SPET examinations (on 34 infants) relative regional perfusion levels and hemispheric asymmetries were evaluated in slices. The predictive value of perfusion defects in SPET was similarly assessed relative to US abnormalities. Brainstem size was measured by MRI, and brainstem function evaluated by BAEP, and results being used to predict neurosensory disability. Hearing was screened by means of TEOAE, ABR and FF, and the results used to predict permanent hearing loss. Parenchymal lesions in MRI predicted cerebral palsy (CP) with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 97%, the corresponding figures for US being 58% and 100%. Delayed myelination, ventricular-brain ratios and widths of the extracerebral spaces failed to predict CP. The sensitivity of perfusion defects in SPET for predicting CP was 82% and the specificity 70%, and correspondingly US attained a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 83%. The best brainstem dimensions for predicting neurosensory disability reached at sensitivity of 23-31% and a specificity of 97-100%. The best predictors in BAEP gave the sensitivity of 93% with a specificity of 57-59%. Bilateral failure in TEOAE predicted hearing loss with a sensitivity of 50% and with a specificity of 84%, and that in ABR with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 98%. The FF examination showed a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 98%. In conclusion, out of the brain imaging methods used here MRI was the best for predicting abnormal neuromotor outcome. Brainstem dimensions in MRI appear to predict neurosensory disability poorly, however, whereas BAEP shows a better prediction value, but is limited by a low specificity. ABR seems to be the best hearing screening method because it includes retrocochlear involvements in preterm infants.

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13

Möller, Sofia. "Variations in Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication prescription rates during childhood depending on month of birth." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-68115.

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Introduction: Previous studies have reported that there is a seasonal variation in the prevalence of Attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis and medication in among other North America and Europe. The reason for this has suggested being relative immaturity.Aim: To investigate, in the county of Värmland, if children born late in the year are more likely to have medical treatment of ADHD compared to children born early in the year.Material and Methods: a population-based study including all children in the county of Värmland, Sweden, that were born between 2000 – 2011. Patients defined as children with ongoing prescription of ADHD medication and without intellectual disability or severe motor impairment by January 2018. Risk ratio for receiving ADHD medication during different quarters of the year were calculated with reference data from Statistics Sweden (SCB) on the total number of children registered in the present county.Results: The study included 27 950 children and 999 children of them had ADHD medication. The prevalence of ADHD medication had a trend to rise although the year. Risk ratios (95 % CI) for ADHD medication were 1.42 (1.15 – 1.75) in boys and 1.39 (0.98 – 1.92) in girls when comparing the fourth to the first quarter of the year.Conclusions: Children, especially boys, born late in the year have higher rates of ADHD medication. This could lead to that children born early in the year is diagnosed later. The study cannot enounce a cause for this, but relative immaturity is a possibility.

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14

Hedekar, Lynn. "The effects of month of birth and gender on elementary reading and writing fluency scores using curriculum based measurement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0035/MQ62476.pdf.

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15

Lopes, Diana Osório. "Caracterização reprodutiva de uma exploração intensiva de suínos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10584.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica/Produção Animal
O objectivo deste trabalho foi analisar a performance reprodutiva e produtiva das porcas de uma exploração de suínos em regime intensivo. Os dados analisados permitiram obter resultados médios dos valores de Nascidos Totais (NT), Nascidos Vivos (NV), Nascidos Mortos (NM) Fetos Mumificados, Desmamados, Duração da Gestação, Intervalo entre Partos e Intervalo Desmame Cobrição Fecundante, tendo em conta os factores Mês, Ano e Número de Parto. Para a Duração da Gestação, o Intervalo entre Partos e o Intervalo Desmame Cobrição Fecundante, também se considerou o factor NT. Verificou-se que existem meses mais favoráveis para inseminar as porcas o que possibilita aumentar a produtividades, assim como existem meses em que a cobrição levou a Durações da Gestação e Intervalos entre Partos ligeiramente mais curtos. Foi possível observar a evolução da exploração ao longo dos 13 anos analisados, no qual variáveis como NT, NV e Desmamados aumentam, enquanto outras, como Duração da Gestação e Intervalo entre Partos, diminuem embora de forma irregular. A performance reprodutiva e produtiva das fêmeas tende a diminuir com o avançar da sua idade, com excepção do 1º Parto que normalmente apresenta valores inferiores devido ao facto de as porcas serem ainda jovens. Dos resultados obtidos obteve-se uma produtividade média anual por porca de cerca de 33, 30.5 e 27 NT, NV e ND por porca/ano.
ABSTRACT - Reproductive characterization of an intensive exploration of Pigs - The purpose of this study is to analyze the productive and reproductive performance of sows in a intensively pig farm. The data analyzed have yielded average results of Total Born (TB), Born Alive (BA), Born Death (BD), Mummies, Weaned, Duration of Gestation, Interval between Parturition and range Weaning Mating fertilizing, taking into account the factors month, year and Parturition number. For the Duration of Gestation, Interval between Parturition and Weaning Mating fertilizing, also was considered the TB factor. It was found that there are favorable months for inseminating sows which allows to increase the productivity, as there are months in whitch mating period lead to Durations of Gestation and slightly shorter Intervals between Parturition. It is also possible to observe the development of the exploration over the 13 years analyzed, in which variables such as NT, NV and weaned increase, while others, such as Duration of Gestation and Interval between Parturition, decrease erratically. Productive performance of females tends to decrease with advancing age, with the exception of 1 Parturition which normally has lower values due to the fact that the nuts are still young. From the results, we obtained an average annual productivity per sow about 33, 30.5 and 27 TB, BA and Weaned per sow / year

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16

Ritorto, Vincenzo. "The effect of low birth weight on the expression of PPAR[gamma], adiponectin and leptin in visceral adipose tissue of the 6-month-old lamb /." Title page and abstract only, 2005. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbr611.pdf.

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17

Chica, David Alejandro Gonzalez. "Efeito da sazonalidade do nascimento sobre a saúde e nutrição de crianças e adultos jovens." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2006. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1971.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:58:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 David_Alejandro_Gonzalez_Chica_Dissertacao.rar: 458938 bytes, checksum: 3f4b1f25fa47fbb79a42ccb19ee62152 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-17
This study evaluated the effects of the trimester of birth and of ambient temperature in the first six months of life on hospitalizations due to asthma and pneumonia in preschool children and on the diagnosis of asthma in adult life in individuals from the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. This population-based cohort included 5,914 live births, of whom 75% were followed up until adulthood. The risk of hospitalization due to pneumonia and asthma among children born between April and June (months before the winter) was 1.31 (CI95% 0.99-1.73) to 2.4 (CI95% 1.11-4.99) times higher than that of children born between January and March (summer). The average temperature of the six first months of life was divided in tertiles; the risk of hospitalization was 1.64 (CI95% 1.26-2.13) to 3.16 (Ci95% 1.63-6.12) times higher in the coldest tertile compared to the hottest tertile. The effects of seasonality diminished with age and the association with asthma at 23-24 years was weak. Children from poor families showed a higher prevalence of hospitalization independent of birth season, but the effects of seasonality on pneumonia were more evident among children from wealthy families.
Avaliou-se os efeitos do trimestre do nascimento e da temperatura média ambiental durante os seis primeiros meses de vida sobre as hospitalizações por asma e pneumonia em pré-escolares e sobre o diagnóstico de asma em adultos pertencentes à coorte de nascimento de 1982 da cidade de Pelotas (RS), Brasil. Esta coorte de base populacional incluiu todos os 5.914 nascidos vivos no ano, dos quais três quartos foram acompanhados até a idade adulta. Nascidos entre abril e junho (meses que precedem o inverno) apresentaram risco de hospitalização por pneumonia e asma/bronquite 1,31 (IC95% 0,99-1,73) a 2,35 (IC95% 1,11-4,99) vezes maior do que os nascidos entre janeiro-março (verão). A temperatura média dos seis primeiros meses de vida foi dividida em tercis; o risco de hospitalizações foi 1,64 (IC95% 1,26-2,13) a 3,16 (IC95% 1,63-6,12) vezes maior no tercil frio do que no quente. Os efeitos da sazonalidade diminuíram com a idade, sendo pouco evidente a associação com asma aos 23-24 anos. As hospitalizações foram mais freqüentes entre crianças pobres, mas os efeitos da sazonalidade sobre a pneumonia maior foram mais evidentes entre os ricos.

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18

Salzer, Jonatan. "Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Klinisk neurovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-64212.

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Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. It usually strikes during young adulthood, and 2.5 million individuals are estimated to have the disease worldwide. The causes of MS are not known, but several factors have been shown to be associated with the risk of the disease, including certain genes, vitamin D, smoking and Epstein- Barr virus infection. Little is known about how/if these factors interact. Methods Study I: The risk of MS by month of birth was investigated using MS cases from the Swedish MS registry and using general population controls. Studies II–V: We identified MS cases who had donated blood prior to disease onset, and MS cases whose mothers had donated blood during pregnancy, by cross-linking a database of MS cases, and a database of mothers of MS cases, to two local biobank cohorts. One of them consisted of blood samples collected during early pregnancy, and one with samples collected during health controls. Levels of 25(OH)D (25-hydroxyvitamin D), RBP (retinol binding protein, a surrogate marker for vitamin A), CRP (C- reactive protein), cotinine (a nicotine metabolite) and anti Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) antibodies were measured in cases and matched controls. The risk of MS by categories of these exposures was estimated in bi- and multivariable matched logistic regression models. Results Subjects born in spring had a higher risk of MS, but no influence of early gestational levels of the measured risk factors on the risk of MS in the offspring was observed. In prospective samples from MS cases and controls, 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/l, intermediate RBP levels, and elevated CRP levels in young were associated with a decreased risk of MS. Elevated cotinine levels (suggestive of smoking) and high antibody reactivity against EBNA-1 were associated with an increased risk of MS. All factors but RBP were more clearly associated with MS in young subjects. Conclusion All factors analyzed in prospectively collected samples were associated with the risk of MS, and taken together, the data indicate that the key etiopathological events that lead to MS occur before the age of 20–30. Study II provides support for trials exploring the primary preventive potential of oral vitamin D supplementation.

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19

Paula, Perla Cordeiro de. "DESEMPENHO PONDERAL DE MACHOS CHAROLÊS, NELORE E SUAS CRUZAS F1." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10806.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The objective of the present study was to evaluate in Charolais and Nellore calves and their crossbred F1 the genetic (crossbreed system, genetic group and heterotic and racial additive effects) and environmental effects influence on weight at birth, adjusted weight for 205, 365, 550 and 730 days of age, and daily average gain of weight from birth to 205, from 205 to 365, from 365 to 550, and from 550 to 730 days of age. Four hundred fifty eight males bovines, all belonging to the same herd, born among the year of 1985 and 1995, from the continuous rotary crossbreed between Charolais and Nellore races were used. The animals were distributed per crossbreed system, defined (Charolais and Nellore) and crossbreed (½ Charolais ½Nellore and ½Nellore ½Charolais). The environmental effects analyzed were cow age at calving (3 to 12 years) and calves birth month (September to December). The data were submitted to variance analysis, f test and t Student test at 5% of significance. The heterotic and racial additive effects were obtained by contrast. Charolais calves presented higher performance in pre- weaning than Nellore, being the individual racial additive genetic effect positive. The maternal racial additive genetic effect influenced just weight at birth (5.26 kg). The heterosis was significant for weaning weight (11.0 kg) and weight gain from birth to weaning (0.052 kg/day). The crossbreed exceeded Nellore in all characteristics and was similar to Charolais for weaning weight. The weight at birth increased with the increasing in cow age at calving, while for the others characteristics of pre- weaning, the influence of genotype x environmental interaction was more evident for defined than crossbreed. The birth month influenced the weight at birth and the gain weight from birth to weaning, with maximum values for born in the months of October (34 kg) and December (0.572 kg/day), respectively. Charolais bovines are superior to Nellore race for performance characteristics in post- weaning, being the individual racial additive genetics effects positives and influence the weight and weight gain from 205 to 365 and from 550 to 730 days of age. Crossbred steers are superior in relation to defined for evaluated weights in post weaning besides of better performance in weight gain from 205 to 365 and from 365 to 550 days of age. The genotype x environmental interaction influenced the weights at year, at yearling and the daily average weight gain from yearling to two years old. The birth month influenced weight at year, and the daily average weight gains from weaning to one year old and from one year old to yearling, with maximum weights for the ones that were born in October, September and December, respectively.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar em bezerros Charolês, Nelore e suas cruzas F1, a influência dos efeitos genéticos (sistema de acasalamento, grupo genético e efeitos aditivos raciais e heterótico) e ambientais sobre o peso ao nascer, pesos ajustados para 205, 365, 550 e 730 dias de idade, e o ganho de peso médio diário do nascimento aos 205, 205 aos 365, 365 aos 550 e 550 aos 730 dias de idade. Foram utilizados os dados de 458 bovinos machos, do mesmo rebanho, nascidos entre os anos de 1985 a 1995, oriundos do cruzamento rotativo contínuo entre as raças Charolês e Nelore. Os animais foram distribuídos por sistema de acasalamento, definidos (Charolês e Nelore) e cruzados (½ Charolês ½ Nelore e ½ Nelore ½ Charolês). Os efeitos ambientais analisados foram a idade da vaca ao parto (3 a 12 anos) e mês de nascimento dos bezerros (setembro a dezembro). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, teste F, e teste t de Student a 5% de significância. Efeitos aditivos raciais e heteróticos foram obtidos por contraste. Bezerros Charolês apresentaram maior desempenho no pré-desmame do que os Nelore, sendo os efeitos genéticos aditivos raciais individuais positivos. O efeito genético aditivo racial materno influenciou apenas o peso ao nascer (5,26 kg). A heterose foi significativa para peso ao desmame (11,0 kg) e ganho de peso do nascimento ao desmame (0,052 kg/dia). Os cruzados superaram os Nelore em todas as características e foram similares aos Charolês para peso ao desmame. O peso ao nascer incrementou com o aumento na idade da vaca ao parto, enquanto que para as demais características do pré-desmame, a influência da interação genótipo x ambiente foi mais evidente para os definidos do que para os cruzados. O mês de nascimento influenciou o peso ao nascer e o ganho de peso do nascimento ao desmame, com valores máximos para os nascidos nos meses de outubro (34 kg) e dezembro (0,572 kg/dia), respectivamente. Bovinos Charolês são superiores aos da raça Nelore para as características de desempenho no pós-desmame, sendo que os efeitos genéticos aditivos raciais individuais são positivos e influenciam os pesos e ganhos de peso dos 205 aos 365 e 550 aos 730 dias de idade. Os novilhos cruzados são superiores em relação aos definidos para os pesos avaliados no pós-desmame, além do melhor desempenho nos ganhos de peso dos 205 aos 365 e dos 365 aos 550 dias de idade. A interação genótipo x ambiente influenciou os pesos ao ano, ao sobreano e o ganho de peso médio diário do sobreano aos dois anos de idade. O mês de nascimento influenciou o peso ao ano, e os ganhos de peso médio diário do desmame ao ano e de um ano ao sobreano, com pesos máximos para os nascidos em outubro, setembro e dezembro, respectivamente.

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20

Cowling, Michael Leith. "The estimation of the rate of return to education in China: an empirical analysis using instrument variable estimation with months of birth and its Issues." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/14454.

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Any attempt to estimate the rate of return to education using ordinary least squares (OLS) models suffers from omitted variable bias due to unobservable factors that are correlated with both the education variable and the return dependent variable. Instrument Variables, such as the birth months of students, provide an alternative estimation method that can create less biased estimates. The validity of the birth months as instrument variables depends on being uncorrelated with individual personal attributes while having an effect on the education outcome of the individual. However, the exogenous criterion is violated if unobservable factors influences the month of birth and education outcome creating the omitted variable bias problem. We investigate if the birth month is a good instrument for use in estimating the rate of return to education using empirical evidence from the 2000 Chinese Population Census and the 2009 Chinese Urban Household Income and Expenditure Survey. We split the sample into two groups, individuals with rural education and individuals with urban education due to an urban/rural education gap that the literature captures. A Two Stage Least Squares Model (TSLS) is run to estimate the rate of return to education and to determine if the instrument birth month variables are strong instruments. We also run an OLS model to compare the OLS rate of return to education with the TSLS estimates. We use the parent’s education level as a proxy for socioeconomic status and investigate if there is a violation of the exclusion restriction for the birth month instruments. We find students born after August typically achieving a higher education level on average than students born in the August and months before August. In addition, there is a significant and positive rate of return to education using IV estimation which is larger than the OLS estimate of the return to education. We find that parent’s socio economic status either has an insignificant or trivial effect on the timing of births. We conclude there is a significant birth month effect on education and that the birth month variables are independent of parental background variables. We also find the birth month variables to be weak instruments but we argue that the bias present is less than the bias present in the OLS estimation of the rate of return to education.

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21

Jacobsohn, Lia. "Lateral biases in infancy : a longitudinal study from birth to 24 months old." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5729.

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22

Sih-HuaChen and 陳思樺. "Investigating the Relation between Goal-Directed Reaching at 6 Months and Cognitive Performance at 12 Months in Preterm Infants with Very Low Birth Weight." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6gzekn.

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碩士
國立成功大學
職能治療學系
102
Reaching is the first intended actions of infants and correlates with cognition development. As technology and major advances in medical management, the survival rate and population ratio in infants born with VLBW have increased over recent years. Studies showed that even though the VLBW without major brain lesion, they are still possible to have subtle cognition problems at school age. In addition, infants born with VLBW have poor reaching performance than infants born full-term. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in reaching performance between VLBW and full-term infants at 6 months and the correlation between reaching performance and cognition development. Last, to exam the discriminant validity of the Infant Reaching Test. We recruited 45 VLBW and 20 full-term infants. The Infant Reaching Test was used to assess infant’s reaching performance. The cognition at 12 months was evaluated by Bayley Scales for Infant Development Third Edition. Significant differences were found in reaching performance, especially in the time before hand activated. VLBW infants significantly need more time to executive their reaching performance. One risk factor of reaching was intraventricular hemorrhage. And their reaching performance was correlated with their scores of cognition and language performance at first year. But the discriminant validity of the Infant Reaching Test was low. The findings of this study provide evidence that VLBW infant’s reaching performance could be used as an index of their cognition and language ability in the future. But, the utility of The Infant Reaching Test still need to be further evaluated.

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23

Roberts, Lynne Margaret. "Hypertension in pregnancy : gaining insight into women's mental health and birth experience 6-12 months postpartum." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/137094.

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University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Health.
𝘉𝘢𝘤𝘬𝘨𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥 Pregnancy and childbirth, while usually joyful experiences, can be traumatic leading to depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Women may be more prone to psychological morbidity following a complicated pregnancy and/or birth. Hypertension in pregnancy (HIP) is the most common medical complication of pregnancy. Women diagnosed with HIP require more intensive monitoring, antenatal admissions, a longer postnatal stay that may include acute care, and some give birth to a preterm baby requiring time in a nursery. There are reports of the short and long term health risks following HIP, particularly cardiovascular health, but there is limited knowledge about the impact on mental health, birth experience, and whether the care received influences women’s experiences. 𝘈𝘪𝘮 The aim of this study was to investigate the mental health (depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder) and childbirth experiences at six to 12 months postpartum in women who had HIP and those who had normal blood pressure (normotensive) in pregnancy. 𝘔𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥𝘴 This was a longitudinal prospective observational study using mixed methods. There were two phases: 1) the mental health of women and their birth experience following a normotensive pregnancy or one complicated by hypertension, using a quantitative design; and, 2) the experience of women who had HIP, using a qualitative approach. At six months postpartum, women completed four screening instruments: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression (EPDS), General Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic, and Maternal Infant Bonding (MIB) scales. Birth experience data were collected using a seven point Likert Scale and two open ended questions. The qualitative component used individual, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with a subset of 20 women at 10-12 months postpartum. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate logistic regression and ordinal regression analyses were conducted on the quantitative data, with a thematic analysis undertaken on the interview transcripts. 𝘙𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴 There were 237 women in the normotensive (NT) group and 84 in the hypertensive (HT) group. Both groups had similar demographic characteristics. Compared to the NT group, the HT group experienced more interventions during labour and birth, with the HT group having higher rates of induction of labour (70% versus 29%, p=<0.001) and caesarean sections (43% versus 18%, p=<0.001) compared to the NT group. Women in the HT group recorded significantly higher mean EPDS score (p=0.03) and more scored above the threshold for possible depression (p=0.03) compared to women in the NT group. There were no differences in anxiety, PTSD or bonding scores between groups. The proportion of women who identified their birth experience as traumatic was greater in the HT group (p=0.006). The strongest predictor of possible depression in the whole cohort was being a first time mother (AOR 5.03; 95% CI 1.19-21.3), and for PTSD it was having a preterm baby (AOR 7.46; 95% CI 0.61-91.17). Women in the NT group were three to five times more likely to respond positively to the birth experience questions. The qualitative study identified the themes: reacting to the diagnosis, challenges of being a mother, processing and accepting the situation, and moving on from the experience. Mediating factors that improved the women’s experience were: feeling safe and trusting the care providers, continuity of care and carer, and valuing social support from partner, family and friends. 𝘋𝘪𝘴𝘤𝘶𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 Although the results showed more depressive symptoms in the women in the HT group and more reported their birth as a traumatic event, the prevalence of depression and PTSD was less than that previously reported in the literature. In an effort to further improve social, emotional and mental health outcomes for women, four elements of care are suggested. These are based on the quantitative and qualitative findings and current evidence: providing continuity of midwifery care in a collaborative model, facilitating social support for the woman, prevention and early identification of poor mental health, and keeping mother and baby connected. 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘭𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 Women have profound experiences after the diagnosis of HIP. They face challenges for months after the birth of their baby. It is essential for women to have access to appropriate multidisciplinary collaborative models of care, prompt referral to mental health services, and social support following a pregnancy complicated with hypertension. Furthermore, it is essential that maternity care providers keep the woman and her baby connected despite the physical separation that sometimes occurs.

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24

Ching-Pyng and 郭青萍. "Factors associated with birth outcomes and bodyweight at 6 months old of infants born to adolescent mothers – Results of the Taiwan birth cohort study." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00124047352004202754.

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博士
中山醫學大學
醫學研究所
100
Background: Adolescent pregnancy, which was the global challenges and merits the concern of public health, extended the focus to their children''s health in recent years. Based on preventive medicine perspective, to detect risk factors early, besides considers the birth outcomes of teenage mothers, monitors their child''s growth and development, is the key task which today emphasized. And the body-weight survey is an important target to monitor the infants’ early growth. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the birth outcomes and determinants of child''s body weight of 6 month old. Methods: This study was based on questionnaire interviews as part of the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study. The sample population, Parts 1 included 533 adolescent(<20 years old) and 9347 adult(20–34 years old) mothers, and Parts 2 included 902 poor weight gain (≤15 percentile) and 11272 normal weight gain (15-97 percentile) children of 6 month old. Data were analyzed with SPSS/PC for Windows v.15.0. Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, x2 test, Cochran''s Mantel-Haenszel test, Logistic Regression and Multiple Levels Logistic Regression were used in this study. Results: There was a significantly higher incidence of low birth weight (LBW) and premature birth in the adolescent group. For the adolescent mothers, insufficient prenatal care and poor weight gain during pregnancy are important predictors of LBW and premature birth. And have smoking during pregnant period will also to increase the risk of LBW. When adjusted for covariates in the multiple variable models, the results showed that related to 6 months poor weight gain (1) maternal factors (ModelⅠ) were family dysfunction, poor weight gain during pregnancy; (2) maternal and infancy factors (Model Ⅱ) were family dysfunction, poor weight gain during pregnancy, female children, LBW; (3) maternal, infancy and parenting factors (Model Ⅲ) were native mother, poor weight gain during pregnancy, female children, LBW, using complementary food and perceived child had poor health. Further compares two group of mother the predictors of 6 month old children’s poor weight gain. The results showed that (1) related to adolescent mothers were during pregnancy have smoking; (2) related to adult mothers were migrated, poor weight gain during pregnancy, female children, LBW, using complementary food and perceived child had poor health had significant difference. Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy exhibits a higher rate of LBW and premature birth. When adjusted for covariates in the multiple variable model, native mother, poor weight gain during pregnancy, female children, LBW, using complementary food and perceived child had poor health related to 6 months poor weight gain. In future, we may be to predict and improve those factors which are unique for parenting practices in Taiwan.

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25

Ho, Yu-Wen, and 何郁文. "Effects of Early Intervention on Emotion Regulation in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants at 6 Months of Corrected Age." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54406882762050053441.

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碩士
臺灣大學
物理治療學研究所
98
Background and Purpose: Very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants (birth weight <1,500 g) sustain an increased risk of developmental and emotional/behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence. Although previous studies have demonstrated small to moderate benefits of early intervention to the cognitive and motor function in VLBW preterm infants, these studies have rarely examined the socio-emotional outcome. This study was, therefore, aimed to examine the effect of early intervention on emotion regulation in VLBW preterm infants at 6 months of corrected age. Methods: A total of 178 VLBW preterm infants were randomly assigned to the usual care program (UCP), clinic-based intervention program (CBIP) and home-based intervention program (HBIP). Sixty-two full-term infants were also included to serve as the reference group. Early intervention consisted of child- and parent-focused services that began in hospitalization and ended at 12 months of corrected age. Infants were assessed for emotion regulation under the arm restraint procedure at 6 months of corrected age with their behaviors recorded using a video camera and physiological responses by an electrocardiography. The video records were coded for negative reactivity and regulatory behaviors; the heart rate data were analyzed for variability. Results: For infants who returned for follow up and had complete physiological data, full-term, UCP and CBIP groups showed an increase in negative vocalization (all p<0.05); whereas HBIP exhibited no change from the restraint to release period. Furthermore, UCP and CBIP groups manifested higher levels of negative vocalization than full-term and HBIP groups in the release period (all p<0.05). However, regulatory behaviors in response to arm restraint did not vary between groups. Physiologically, CBIP and full-term groups exhibited similar tendency showing an incline in high-frequency power of heart rate variability (lnHF) from the baseline to restraint period, which was followed by an incline from the restraint to release period (both p<0.05). In contrast, HBIP and UCP groups manifested no change in lnHF throughout the procedure. For those exhibiting increased lnHF from the baseline to restraint period, CBIP group showed more mother orientation and full-term group showed more object orientation in self regulation (both p<0.05). Conclusion: Early intervention, specifically CBIP, appeared to favor emotion regulation in VLBW preterm infants at 6 months of corrected age. Physiological regulation was more sensitive to infants’ reactivity to arm restraint procedure than that of behavioral reactivity at 6 months.

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26

Li, Sin-Jie, and 李欣潔. "Motor and Mental Developmental Trajectories in Preterm Children with Very Low Birth Weight during 6 to 36 Months of Age." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qt6842.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
物理治療學研究所
106
Background and purpose: Preterm children with very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight < 1,500 g) are at risk of adverse developmental outcomes that require early identification and intervention of those who will have developmental disorder. Previous follow-up studies mostly examined the average developmental performance in preterm children and rarely explored the variations of developmental progress within population and the potential influencing factors. The purposes of this study were therefore to retrospectively abstract the longitudinal data of our previous cohort studies to examine the mental and motor development trajectories in VLBW preterm children in Taiwan during the first three years of age, to investigate the influencing factors for different trajectories, and to assess the relations of trajectories with developmental outcomes at four years of age. Methods: The perinatal and socio-environmental data were collected in all preterm infants with VLBW at baseline. Their mental and motor development were assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development- Second Edition at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months of age; and the motor, cognitive and behavioral outcomes at 4 years of age were respectively examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children- Original or Second Edition, the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Revised and the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5. Developmental trajectories were examined by the latent growth curve modeling, group-based trajectory modeling and growth mixture modeling sequentially to select a representative model. The relations of developmental trajectories with influencing factors and subsequent outcomes were examined using logistic regression analysis. Results: Preterm children with VLBW showed three mental trajectories: stably normal (64.0%), deteriorating (31.4%) and persistently delayed patterns (4.6%); and four motor trajectories: above average (6.3%), stably normal (60.0%), deteriorating (28.5%) and persistently delayed patterns (5.2%) during 6 to 36 months of age. With respect to the stably normal pattern in mental development, the deteriorating pattern was associated with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.8 [1.3-3.1]), lower paternal educational level (OR [95% CI] = 2.2 [1.3-3.7]) and lower maternal educational level (OR [95% CI] = 1.8 [1.2-2.8]); whereas the persistently delayed pattern was associated with lower birth weight (OR [95% CI] = 0.3 [0.1-0.6]), longer hospital stay (OR [95% CI] = 3.3 [1.5-7.4]), major brain damage (OR [95% CI] = 17.9 [1.7-488.2]), lower paternal educational level (OR [95% CI] = 3.4 [1.5-7.8]) and lower maternal educational level (OR [95% CI] = 2.7 [1.2-60.2]) (all p<0.05). With respect to the above average and stably normal patterns in motor development, the deteriorating pattern was associated with lower birth weight (OR [95% CI] = 0.5 [0.3-0.7]) and paternal occupation status (OR [95% CI] = 2.2 [1.1-4.3]) (both p<0.05); the persistently delayed pattern was associated with severe ROP (OR [95% CI] = 2.7[1.1-6.5]), major brain damage (OR [95% CI] = 10.7 [2.2-50.7]), lower paternal education level (OR [95% CI] = 2.2 [1.0-4.8]) and lower maternal occupation status (OR [95% CI] = 16.7 [2.1-133.6]) (all p<0.05). Furthermore, the deteriorating mental pattern was predictive of mental delay (OR [95% CI] = 11.3 [2.3-55.1], p<0.05); whereas, the persistently delayed mental pattern was predictive of mental delay (OR [95% CI] = 130.6 [33.2-777.0]), motor delay (OR [95% CI] = 18.3 [5.5-60.1]) and internalizing behavioral problem at 4 years of age (OR [95% CI] = 4.3 [1.4-12.6]) (all p < 0.05). In contrast, the deteriorating motor pattern was predictive of mental delay (OR [95% CI] = 3.5 [1.1-11.7], p < 0.05) and motor delay at 4 years (OR [95% CI] = 4.2 [1.8-9.8]); whereas, the persistently delayed motor pattern was predictive of mental delay (OR [95% CI] = 24.6 [6.0-94.0], motor delay (OR [95% CI] = 53.4 [13.5-210.0], and internalizing problem at 4 years (OR [95% CI] = 3.2 [1.2-8.8]) (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Preterm children with VLBW demonstrated various mental and motor trajectories during 6 to 36 months of age that were associated with certain perinatal and socio-environmental risk factors. Furthermore, the mental and motor trajectories were each predictive of 4-year mental, motor and behavioral outcomes. The study provides insightful information for planning early identification and intervention of preterm children with VLBW in Taiwan.

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27

Otten, Kirsty Mae. "The extension of the infant gross motor screening test to include infants from birth to five months in infants with HIV." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25270.

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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science in Physiotherapy Johannesburg, 2018.
The aim of this study was to extend the age range of the Infant Gross Motor Screening Test (IGMST) to make it appropriate for use in infants infected with HIV from birth to five months. Previously completed Bayley Scales on Infant and Toddler Development (3rd Version) (BSID III) assessments, from two 2013 physiotherapy masters studies completed through the University of the Witwatersrand, were used to compile neurodevelopmental scores achieved by infants infected with HIV. These scores were used to select developmentally appropriate items for inclusion in the new section of the IGMST. These items were statistically tested against the original BSID III scores using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Following statistical testing, content validity of the new section of the IGMST was established with an expert panel using a modified nominal group technique (NGT). The new section of the IGMST included two age bands; one to three months and four to five months. Each age band consisted of five items. Age band one to three months had a Pearson correlation coefficient of r =0.68 (p = 0.003) and 84% of the infants performed the same on both tests. Age band four to five achieved a Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.71 (p = 0.0009) and 83% of infants performed the same on both tests. When presented to the expert panel using a modified NGT, all items and questions raised were accepted by 100% after appropriate adjustments were made. In conclusion, the new section of the IGMST has been developed for infants from one to five months and the content validity has been established during the course of this study. The new section must still undergo further validity and reliability testing before it can be used clinically.
LG2018

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28

Price, Sherrian. "A study of the lived experience of first time fathers in the first six months following the birth of their baby." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/920654.

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Masters Research - Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
This phenomenological study describes the experiences of five first time fathers in the six months following the birth of their baby. The study, based in a regional city of New South Wales (NSW), Australia used a hermeneutic phenomenological framework to expose the underlying meaning of the fathers’ experience. The five fathers who participated in the study were aged between 30 and 36 years of age. Each participated in two unstructured interviews, during the six months following their baby’s birth. Data analysis revealed a common journey which fathers experienced over the first six months of their baby’s life, however at times the journey differed for each participant or encompassed a different perspective of a shared theme. A descriptive model and statement of the essence of first-time fatherhood emerged from the study which captured these fathers’ expression of their journey of transition. Four of the fathers revealed that for them the experience of fatherhood commenced at the baby’s birth, and, one that this commenced before the birth. The fathers also revealed that although some wanted to be the same and others different from their own father they all wanted to be good fathers and tried valiantly to meet this aim. While they expressed their journey as often tumultuous and uncertain, by six months they all revealed that they had reached a time of harmony within themselves and their family. The findings that emerged from the interview data illuminated six main themes: The Dawning of Responsibility, Seeking and Finding Connection, Absolute Joy, Wonder, Delight and Unconditional Love, Struggling towards being a Father, Moving towards Cohesion, and Arriving at Harmony – reflection on the journey. The overall implication emerging from the study is that fathers, like mothers, need support during the early months of their baby’s life and their inclusion in health care services, particularly Child and Family Health Nursing (CFH Nursing) Services is essential.

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29

Wickliffe, Abigail Kay. "Developmental checklists : a tool for clinicians." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26257.

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Parents of children with developmental disabilities seek out therapy in order to assist their child to reach full potential. In order to help parents understand where their child should be in comparison to a typically developing child, they must be provided with proper resources. While commercially available assessments are available to speech-language pathologists, parents only have access to checklists that provide minimal direction at certain age ranges. The purpose of this literature review is to discuss developmental domains important for the developing child, examine developmental milestone checklists available to parents as well as two commercially available assessments for speech-language pathologists, investigate available research on developmental milestones in the areas of language output, language comprehension, cognition, social-emotional skills, and motor development, and identify ages at which developmental milestones within the identified domains occur in typically developing children. The aim of this project will be to create developmental milestone checklists available for speech-language pathologists to provide to parents.
text

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30

Parkpoom, Podjanee Khwanngern. "A midwife-led antenatal breastfeeding education intervention for primiparous women to increase predominant breastfeeding rates at one, three, and six months after birth in Thailand: a pilot randomised controlled trial." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1060175.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Aim: To design and test the effectiveness of a midwife-led antenatal breastfeeding education program in increasing the rate of predominant breastfeeding at one, three, and six months after the birth of the baby. Design: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Setting: A tertiary hospital and a secondary hospital in Northern Thailand. Participants Sixty three low-risk primiparous women between 24 and 29 weeks gestation randomized to intervention and control groups. Of these, 10 were lost to follow up and 53 remained in the study, and intention to treat analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Main outcome measures: Primary outcome was predominant breastfeeding at one, three, and six months after birth. Secondary outcomes were: 1) Breastfeeding initiation, 2) Perceived breastfeeding self-efficacy, 3) Perceived breastfeeding support, 4) Breastfeeding intention and 5) Evaluation of the breastfeeding program (the intervention). Results: All women who attended the breastfeeding educational program were satisfied with it, and considered that it was beneficial. Women in the intervention group had a very high breastfeeding initiation rate (95%), and sustained a higher rate at three months than the initial breastfeeding rate in the control group (77%); however, this diminished rapidly between three (81%) and six months (41%). In contrast, women in the control group had a lower breastfeeding initiation rate that diminished rapidly in the first three months, and then more slowly between three (54%) and six months (46%). The difference between the intervention and control groups was significant at three months (p = 0.0204), and the odds of predominant breastfeeding was significantly higher in the intervention group (3.7 times) than in the control group. Conclusions: A Midwife-led antenatal breastfeeding educational intervention based in hospital for primiparous women significantly improved the rate of predominant breastfeeding at three months after birth. The study is useful in this context, and there is potential to use these results to inform the design of a major trial.

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31

Cortes, Rachel Traut. "Infant Mortality by Month of Birth: An Analysis of Contemporary Cohorts." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-7862.

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There is a well-established connection between adult mortality and the conditions an individual is exposed to while in utero. There is a wealth of research that connects conditions such as asthma and allergies, mortality due to heart disease and diagnoses of schizophrenia to conditions during an individual?s early life and even their time in utero. The aim of this dissertation is to see if this same connection can be made to infant mortality, and further will there be any connection in contemporary cohorts? I use the Linked Birth/Infant Death dataset available from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for the years 2000 to 2004. This dissertation specifically uses the dependent variable "cause specific infant death" with various measures of the time the infant was born or was in utero. I undertake three multinomial logistic regression models with the dependent variable "cause specific infant death." I then proceed to a multilevel multinomial logistic regression model using state-level climate measures at the second level. I conclude with the construction of maps displaying the spatial relationship between infant mortality and climate. The first analysis uses the independent variable of interest "month of birth," the second analysis uses the independent variable of interest "months of first trimester," and the last level-one analysis uses the independent variable of interest "months of third trimester." After running all three models, I determined that the most effective independent variable of interest is "month of birth," which I use in a multilevel logistic regression model. The multilevel model uses the month of birth variable at level-one and incorporates state level measures of climate at the second level. I find that the humidity index and the temperature index are negatively associated with the month of birth variable and cause specific infant death variables, meaning that the higher these indices, the more the benefit to an infant's chances of survival. The wind index is consistently positive, meaning that the interaction of wind with cause specific infant death and month of birth is detrimental to an infant's survival. The last methods chapter shows the spatial relationship between infant mortality and climate. In this chapter I find that infant mortality in the United States is concentrated in the Southern U.S., which is also where there is a concentration of high temperature states. The connections between wind and humidity with the infant mortality rate are less consistent.

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32

Hsien-Ju and 莊嫺儒. "Breastfeeding Attitude, Methods and Social Support between Vietnamese and Native Mothers One Month after Birth." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79004488333130063019.

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碩士
中山醫學大學
醫學研究所
97
This study compares the breastfeeding attitude, feeding methods, and social support of Vietnamese mothers living in Taiwan to those of native Taiwanese mothers one month after birth. A total of 81 mothers for each group were recruited from the National Database of Hepatitis B Vaccination for Pregnant Women recorded from December 2006 to May 2007 in Taichung County. They were then matched on the base of their home-villages and parities. The information of the total 162 cases collected was analyzed by descriptive statistic, chi-square, Student’s t-test, factor analysis and Regression model using the packaged statistic software SPSS10.0. The results reveal that the differences in ages, husband ages, social-economic status, religions, delivery methods, delivery hospitals and ante-partum education between the two study groups are statistically significant. In the item of feeding methods, 59.3% of Vietnamese mothers adopted breastfeeding, and 40.7% fed their babies with milk. In the Taiwanese mother group, 82.7% breastfed, and 17.3% fed with milk. The difference is significant (p<.001). The average days of breastfeeding in Vietnamese mother group are shorter than those in Taiwanese mother group (10days vs. 13days). In the item of breastfeeding attitude, the average scores from the Vietnamese and Taiwanese study groups are 68.59±4.93 and 82.19±8.17 respectively. The difference is significant (p<.001). As for the social support, the average score of the Vietnamese mothers is 79.59±28.16; and the score of Taiwanese mothers is 128±51.27. The difference also reaches statistically significant (p<.001). We hope the results of this study can be a reference for understanding the change of breastfeeding behaviors due to different culture they are facing with, and could be useful for policy makers in promoting breastfeeding.

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Luo, Jin-Fan, and 羅斤汎. "Medical utilization of 6-month-old infants born to adolescent mothers –Results of the Taiwan birth cohort study." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87738849413370560031.

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碩士
中山醫學大學
醫學研究所
101
Adolescent pregnancy is known to cause serious consequences for the health of the girl and her infant, and is a challenge that the public health and society must face. Important information regarding the health of the adolescent mother and her child can be revealed by analyzing their medical utilization rate. Objective: This study aims to investigate whether the birth outcome of adolescent pregnancy is less positive than that of adult pregnancy. It also explores the differences in maternal health, birth outcome, and parenting education between the adolescent and the adult mothers, and its effects on the medical utilization and immunization rate of their six-months-old baby. Research design: Data of the newborn and six-months-old baby was derived from the questionnaire interviews of Taiwan Birth Cohort Study (TBCS), from July 1st 2005 to June 30th 2006. Eight hundred eighteen adolescent mothers (younger than 20 years old) and 16,996 adult mothers (between 20 to 34 years old) with complete birth information were included for study. Data was analyzed using SPSS PC for Windows v.18.0. Percentage, mean, standard deviation, x2 test, logistic regression and multiple levels logistic regression were used in this study. Results: Six-month-old babies of adolescent mothers had higher outpatient visit rate when compared to babies of adult mothers. The immunization rates of babies exceeded 98 percent. However, hepatitis B immune globulin, oral polio vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine, diphtheria and tetanus toxoid with pertussis vaccine, and haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine (self-paid) immunization rate were significantly lower among the babies of adolescent mothers. The medical utilization rates for the six-month-old children of adolescent and adult mothers were considerably different. The potential factors involved in these differences might include: 1) maternal influences, 2) infancy factors, and 3) parenting factors. In multiple levels logistic regression, after adjusting for covariates, babies of younger mothers and those cared by biological parents at night had higher risk of outpatient and emergency service use. Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy results in more premature birth and low birth weight. After adjusting for covariates in the multiple variable model, outpatient service utilization rate was higher for the babies of mothers who were younger, who drank during pregnancy, who received fewer prenatal examinations, who were their first birth, who baby cared at night personally. Emergency service utilization rate was higher for the babies of mothers who were younger, who smoked during pregnancy, who gave premature birth, who baby cared at night personally, which had Taiwanese nationality, whose baby was male. Hospitalization rate was higher for the babies of mothers who were younger, who had lower educational level, who gave premature birth, who were their first birth, who baby cared at night personally, whose baby was male. The birth outcomes of adolescent mothers and factors resulting in higher health utilization rate of babies may assist in future medical service and public health planning.

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34

Hsieh, Chong-Yu, and 謝京渝. "An Investigation on the Needs of Families with 6- to 12- Month-Old Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Taipei." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34680070408183001188.

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35

Pažitka, Marek. "Vliv vzdělání na zdraví: Případová studie České republiky." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340881.

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Previous research has uncovered a large, positive and causal link between education and health. This paper is devoted to examining the topic in the former Czechoslovakia. My analysis is conducted on a data set pooled from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). I utilize a continuum of ages at school entry, caused by the use of a single school cut-off, to identify the effect of education on health, which is uniquely created from the PCA method and using 30 questions of the SHARE. Therefore, I apply instrumental variable approach with a month of birth as an instrument for education. The results from the first-stage suggest that the instrument is not valid, since a correlation between the instrumental (Month of birth) and the instrumented variable (education) is very low and insignificant. The results remain insignificant even after adjusting for different measures of education, health, institutional changes or heterogeneous effects. As the most probable cause, I state the inability to control for non-compliers in my instrumental variable regressions. As a consequence, all the results regarding the link between education and health are inconclusive. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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36

Kaye, Liisa. "The validity of the "Eight month movement assessment of infants" as a predictor of motor outcome in extremely low birth weight infants." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3342.

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With improvements in neonatal intensive care, more extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants are surviving and are followed in developmental clinics from birth to adulthood. Early research with this population describes increasing frequencies of motor handicaps with decreasing birth weight. Although identification of major and subtle motor disabilities in these ELBW infants remains complex and difficult, it is important so that therapeutic interventions can be initiated at an early stage of the infants' development. In 1980, three therapists working with ELBW infants in a follow-up clinic designed the Movement Assessment of Infants (MAI),to be used for early identification of motor dysfunction in this population. The MAI has two profiles, a four month profile and an eight month profile. Since its publication, research evaluating the MAI has used the four month profile. Although this profile has been shown to be a reliable measure, it has not been found to be predictive of long term motor outcome in ELBW infants. There is little research reporting the predictive validity of the eight month profile. The major purpose of this study is to determine whether the eight month MAI profile is predictive of motor outcome at four and a half years in ELBW infants. In addition, the predictive ability of another eight month measure, one which is based on clinicians' subjective ratings of neuromotor status (NMS), is investigated. The seventy-two infants included in this study were cared for in the Special Care Nursery at British Columbia's Children's Hospital and were followed in the Neonatal Follow-up Clinic Assessment tools were administered at eight months corrected chronological age (corrected for prematurity) and again at four anda half years by the clinic occupational therapist. The eight month assessment included the MAI and the NMS. Outcome assessments administered at four and a half years included the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-Fine Motor Subtest, Gross Motor Screening Items and another NMS rating. Finally, all infants were given a neurological assessment by the clinic paediatrician to diagnose cerebral palsy (CP) and identify any other medical problems. The ability of the eight month MAI and NMS to correctly identify infants with CP was determined using sensitivity and specificity analyses. The ability of the eight month measures to predict fine motor outcome at four and a half years was determined using Spearman's rank correlations. Finally, using a multivariate approach, the eight month measures were correlated with all four and a half year outcome measures using canonical analysis. Analyses revealed that the eight month NMS had both higher sensitivity and specificity than the MAI in identifying CP in ELBW infants. The eight Month MAI was not predictive of fine motor outcome at four and a half years, but was predictive of gross motor outcome. Finally, the eight month NMS rating was the best predictor of both fine and gross motor outcome at four years.

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37

ZATLOUKAL, Jan. "Analýza vybraných vlivů na užitkovost masných plemen skotu." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-44864.

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The aim of this dissertation lies in analysing the calf growth of a selected herd of meat-type cattle raised in a foothills landscape. The period of investigation lasted 5 years (2002 {--} 2006). The data obtained for the breeds Charolais and the meat-type Siemental cattle are presented in dependence on the breed, convenience of birth, mother´s height in the cross, calving month and the serial number of the birth. The study covers 795 Charolais calves and 450 calves of meat-type Siemental breed. In the time interval mentioned above, the Charolais breed gave 400 bulls and 395 heifers, the corresponding numbers for the meat-type Siemental breed are 226 bulls and 224 heifers. Considered from the viewpoint of breed influence on to the calf rate of growth, the investigation has revealed no statistically significant effect. A statistically significant effect has been revealed only for heifers 120 days old, the live weight of the meat-type Siemental heifers being higher (162,71 kg) than that for the Charolais heifers (158,14 kg). The differences in the live weight amount to 4,47 kg. Statistically, this diference is probably significant, the significance level p = 0,05. Furthermore, the work has studied the effect of calf sex onto the rate of growth in both calf categories mentioned above. The live weight of the meat-type calves show a statistically highly significant difference (p {>} 0,001) for the bulls and heifers at the age of 120, 210 and 365 days. At the age of 120 days, the live weight of bulls is by 14,31 kg higher compared with that of heifers, at the age of 210 days the difference amounts to 25,65 kg and at 365 days 116,29 kg. Similar differences between bulls and heifers are statistically highly significant also for Charolais calves. At the age of 120 days the bulls are heavier than heifers by 18,45 kg, at 210 days by 29,16 kg and at the age of 365 days this difference amounts to 115,59 kg. The study covers also the investigation of the effect of mother´s cross height on to the rate of calf growth. Considered statistically, no such effect has been revealed for calves 120, 210 and 365 days old. The investigation of the effect of the calving month has brought us to a conclusion that the heaviest calves are born in March and April, with the differences in individual months ranging on significance levels p {>} 0,001, p {>} 0,01 and p = 0,05. In both breeds we have also investigated the effect of the serial number of the birth on to the live weight. For the Charolais breed, the highest weight has been found for calves with serial number 3, 4 and 5. For the calves of the meat-type Siemental breed it has been found that the calves born as the second one reach the highest weight at the age of 120, 210 and 365 days,the results obtained being statistically highly significant (p {>} 0,001) and probably significant (p = 0,05).

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38

Rossouw, Elizabeth. "Die nuwe moeder as opvoeder se belewing van `n steungroep." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2252.

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The aim of this research was to support new mothers in groups, so that they can function optimally as educators. During the research mothers with babies up to three months of age were used by means of a support group. This research project was done after it became evident from a literature study that new mothers suffered with unique problems during this adaption phase. In the empirical survey the researcher gave attention to the new mothers' specific needs and problems during this trimester. The researcher aimed to explore the experiences of the new mother as educator through weekly group sessions. From the results it was clear that there was a need of support from other mothers that is going through the same experiences. In this way new mothers could receive emotional support and obtain knowledge regarding relevant issues experienced during this unique life phase.
Educational Studies
M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

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