Дисертації з теми "Bird survey"
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1
McElhone, Patrick Michael. "Cerulean warbler population and habitat changes along Breeding Bird Survey routes in the central Appalachians." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 73 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
2
Fowler, John Daniel. "A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29896.
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3
Frost, Teresa Mary. "Stochastic modelling and analysis of wildfowl anatidae monitoring data from the wetland bird survey." Thesis, University of Kent, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527576.
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4
Pearse, Aaron Todd. "Design, evaluation, and applications of an aerial survey to estimate abundance of wintering waterfowl in Mississippi." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/ETD-browse/browse.
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5
Fournié, Guillaume. "The potential for silent circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses subtype H5N1 to be sustained in live bird markets : a survey of markets in northern Viet Nam and Cambodia and mathematical models of transmission." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559027.
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6
Venne, Simon. "Can Species Distribution Models Predict Colonizations and Extinctions?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38465.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim
MaxEnt, a very popular species distribution modelling technique, has been used extensively to relate species’ geographic distributions to environmental variables and to predict changes in species’ distributions in response to environmental change. Here, we test its predictive ability through time (rather than through space, as is commonly done) by modeling colonizations and extinctions.
Location
Continental U.S. and southern Canada.
Time period
1979-2009
Major taxa studied
Twenty-one species of passerine birds.
Methods
We used MaxEnt to relate species’ geographic distributions to the variation in environmental conditions across North America. We then modelled site-specific colonizations and extinctions between 1979 and 2009 as functions of MaxEnt-estimated previous habitat suitability and inter- annual change in habitat suitability and neighborhood occupancy. We evaluated whether the effects were in the expected direction, we partitioned model’s explained deviance, and we compared colonization and extinction model’s accuracy to MaxEnt’s AUC.
Results
IV
Colonization and extinction probabilities both varied as functions of previous habitat suitability, change in habitat suitability, and neighborhood occupancy, in the expected direction. Change in habitat suitability explained very little deviance compared to other predictors. Neighborhood occupancy accounted for more explained deviance in colonization models than in extinction models. MaxEnt AUC correlates with extinction models’ predictive ability, but not with that of colonization models.
Main conclusions
MaxEnt appears to sometime capture a real effect of the environment on species’ distributions since a statistical effect of habitat suitability is detected through both time and space. However, change in habitat suitability (which is much smaller through time than through space) is a poor predictor of change in occupancy. Over short time scales, proximity of sites occupied by conspecifics predicts changes in occupancy just as well as MaxEnt. The ability of MaxEnt models to predict spatial variation in occupancy (as measured by AUC) gives little indication of transferability through time. Thus, the predictive value of species distribution models may be overestimated when evaluated through space only. Future prediction of species’ responses to climate change should make a distinction between colonization and extinction, recognizing that the two processes are not equally well predicted by SDMs.
7
Fearer, Todd Matthew. "Evaluating Population-Habitat Relationships of Forest Breeding Birds at Multiple Spatial and Temporal Scales Using Forest Inventory and Analysis Data." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29243.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multiple studies have documented declines of forest breeding birds in the eastern United States, but the temporal and spatial scales of most studies limit inference regarding large scale bird-habitat trends. A potential solution to this challenge is integrating existing long-term datasets such as the U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program and U.S. Geological Survey Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) that span large geographic regions. The purposes of this study were to determine if FIA metrics can be related to BBS population indices at multiple spatial and temporal scales and to develop predictive models from these relationships that identify forest conditions favorable to forest songbirds. I accumulated annual route-level BBS data for 4 species guilds (canopy nesting, ground and shrub nesting, cavity nesting, early successional), each containing a minimum of five bird species, from 1966-2004. I developed 41 forest variables describing forest structure at the county level using FIA data from for the 2000 inventory cycle within 5 physiographic regions in 14 states (AL, GA, IL, IN, KY, MD, NC, NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, VA, and WV). I examine spatial relationships between the BBS and FIA data at 3 hierarchical scales: 1) individual BBS routes, 2) FIA units, and 3) and physiographic sections. At the BBS route scale, I buffered each BBS route with a 100m, 1km, and 10km buffer, intersected these buffers with the county boundaries, and developed a weighted average for each forest variable within each buffer, with the weight being a function of the percent of area each county had within a given buffer. I calculated 28 variables describing landscape structure from 1992 NLCD imagery using Fragstats within each buffer size. I developed predictive models relating spatial variations in bird occupancy and abundance to changes in forest and landscape structure using logistic regression and classification and regression trees (CART). Models were developed for each of the 3 buffer sizes, and I pooled the variables selected for the individual models and used them to develop multiscale models with the BBS route still serving as the sample unit. At the FIA unit and physiographic section scales I calculated average abundance/route for each bird species within each FIA unit and physiographic section and extrapolated the plot-level FIA variables to the FIA unit and physiographic section levels. Landscape variables were recalculated within each unit and section using NCLD imagery resampled to a 400 m pixel size. I used regression trees (FIA unit scale) and general linear models (GLM, physiographic section scale) to relate spatial variations in bird abundance to the forest and landscape variables. I examined temporal relationships between the BBS and FIA data between 1966 and 2000. I developed 13 forest variables from statistical summary reports for 4 FIA inventory cycles (1965, 1975, 1989, and 2000) within NY, PA, MD, and WV. I used linear interpolation to estimate annual values of each FIA variable between successive inventory cycles and GLMs to relate annual variations in bird abundance to the forest variables.
At the BBS route scale, the CART models accounted for > 50% of the variation in bird presence-absence and abundance. The logistic regression models had sensitivity and specificity rates > 0.50. By incorporating the variables selected for the models developed within each buffer (100m, 1km, and 10km) around the BBS routes into a multiscale model, I was able to further improve the performance of many of the models and gain additional insight regarding the contribution of multiscale influences on bird-habitat relationships. The majority of the best CART models tended to be the multiscale models, and many of the multiscale logistic models had greater sensitivity and specificity than their single-scale counter parts. The relatively fine resolution and extensive coverage of the BBS, FIA, and NLCD datasets coupled with the overlapping multiscale approach of these analyses allowed me to incorporate levels of variation in both habitat and bird occurrence and abundance into my models that likely represented a more comprehensive range of ecological variability in the bird-habitat relationships relative to studies conducted at smaller scales and/or using data at coarser resolutions.
At the FIA unit and physiographic section scales, the regression trees accounted for an average of 54.1% of the variability in bird abundance among FIA units, and the GLMs accounted for an average of 66.3% of the variability among physiographic sections. However, increasing the observational and analytical scale to the FIA unit and physiographic section decreased the measurement resolution of the bird abundance and landscape variables. This limits the applicability and interpretive strength of the models developed at these scales, but they may serve as indices to those habitat components exerting the greatest influences on bird abundance at these broader scales.
The GLMs relating average annual bird abundance to annual estimates of forest variables developed using statistical report data from the 1965, 1975, 1989, and 2000 FIA inventories explained an average of 62.0% of the variability in annual bird abundance estimates. However, these relationships were a function of both the general habitat characteristics and the trends in bird abundance specific to the 4-state region (MD, NY, PA, and WV) used for these analyses and may not be applicable to other states or regions. The small suite of variables available from the FIA statistical reports and multicollinearity among all forest variables further limited the applicability of these models. As with those developed at the FIA unit and physiographic sections scales, these models may serve as general indices to the habitat components exerting the greatest influences on bird abundance trends through time at regional scales.
These results demonstrate that forest variables developed from the FIA, in conjunction with landscape variables, can explain variations in occupancy and abundance estimated from BBS data for forest bird species with a variety of habitat requirements across spatial and temporal scales.Ph. D.
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Duarte, Leila Magna Gomes. "Comunidades de aves em galerias ripícolas mediterrânicas do Sul de Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18568.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conhecer os requisitos ambientais por parte das espécies demonstrou ser essencial em disciplinas como a ecologia e a biologia da conservação. O presente estudo visa estudar as respostas e dependência das comunidades de aves em relação às galerias ripícolas mediterrânicas. Para tal utilizaram-se dados recolhidos pelo River Habitat Survey (RHS) e por censos por pontos de escuta, em três ribeiras no sul de Portugal. Os dados ambientais foram estruturados em matrizes de acordo com as características físicas da ribeira e das margens, e modificações antropogénicas. Enquanto os dados biológicos foram agrupados em guildas: alimentação e ocupação vertical do habitat ("estrato"). Através de análises canónicas aos a dos estruturados obtiveram-se correlações válidas entre as matrizes ambientais e as guildas, nomeadamente para indivíduos directamente dependentes da água e planadores ("aéreas"), provando a validade da metodologia e o potencial da combinação destas duas técnicas. ABSTRACT; Understanding species habitat requirements has proved to be essential in ecology and conservation biology. The present report aims to examine the responses and dependence we used data collected by River Habitat Survey (RHS) and point count censuses in three rivers in southern Portugal. The environmental data were structured in matrices according to physical characteristics of the stream, the banks and anthropogenic modifications, whilst biological data was grouped into guilds: foraging and occupation ("estate"). Through canonical analysis to structured data we obtained valid correlations between the environmental variables and species guilds, particularly for those directly dependent on water and gliders ("aéreas"), proving the validity of the methodology and the potential of these two techniques working together.
9
Korn, Jennifer Marie. "Evaluating avian communities of the Blanco River Valley using occupancy modeling and landowner conducted surveys /." View online, 2008. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/bioltad/6.
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10
Honkomp, Nora. "Exploring shifts in migration phenology and breeding distribution of declining North American avian aerial insectivores." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1620686253404077.
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11
Hodgson, Patricia Ruth. "Characteristics of urbanization that influence bird communities in suburban remnant vegetation." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060724.134345/index.html.
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12
Salminen, Mandy M. "Breeding Bird and Bat Activity Surveys at Dairymen's Inc." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1507213426130855.
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13
Strassburg, Matthew D. "The Evaluation of Christmas Bird Counts as an Indicator of Population Trends and Habitat Selection in Blackbirds and Starlings." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/19385.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agelaius phoeniceus (red-winged blackbird), Quiscalus quiscula (common
grackle), and Sturnus vulgaris (European starling) are three of the most abundant bird
species found in North America, and along with Euphagus carolinus (rusty blackbird) and
Euphagus cyanocephalus (Brewer’s blackbird), make up a significant proportion of the
avian population. Population trends of these four blackbird species and European starlings (EUST)were analyzed from the Christmas Bird Count (CBC) data collected between 1988 and
2008. Population analyses were conducted using linear mixed-effect regressions from the
Lmer package of Program R. This approach was effective in modeling the population
trends of widespread species with large populations. However, it was not as effective in
modeling species with smaller populations and distributions. Only RWBL had significant change in population during the study period, showing
a positive increase in mean count number of approximately 2.4% each year. Habitat
selection showed some parallels among species.
14
Shumar, Matthew Buhrl. "Predictive modeling techniques with application to the Cerulean warbler (Dendroica cerulea) in the Appalachian Mountains Bird Conservation Region." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10331.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 98 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references. WVU users: Also available in print for a fee.
15
Zhang, Liang. "Classification and ranking of environmental recordings to facilitate efficient bird surveys." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107097/1/Liang_Zhang_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis contributes novel computer-assisted techniques to facilitating bird species surveys from a large number of environmental audio recordings. These techniques are applicable to both manual and automated recognition of bird species by removing irrelevant audio data and prioritising those relevant data for efficient bird species detection. This work also represents a significant step towards using automated techniques to support experts and the general public to explore and gain a better understanding of vocal species.
16
Tressler, Eric Paul. "A Survey of the Hadamard Conjecture." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9898.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hadamard matrices are defined, and their basic properties outlined. A survey of historical and recent literature follows, in which a number of existence theorems are examined and given context. Finally, a new result for Hadamard matrices over $\Z_2$ is presented and given a graph-theoretic interpretation.Master of Science
17
Gunnels, Christine M. "Survey and home range analyses of wintering shorebirds using the Lanark Reef Shorebird Complex, Franklin Co., Florida." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=714.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 55 p. : ill., maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
18
Lazarevic, Ljubica. "Improving the efficiency and accuracy of nocturnal bird Surveys through equipment selection and partial automation." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Birds are a key environmental asset and this is recognised through comprehensive legislation and policy ensuring their protection and conservation. Many species are active at night and surveys are required to understand the implications of proposed developments such as towers and reduce possible conflicts with these structures. Night vision devices are commonly used in nocturnal surveys, either to scope an area for bird numbers and activity, or in remotely sensing an area to determine potential risk. This thesis explores some practical and theoretical approaches that can improve the accuracy, confidence and efficiency of nocturnal bird surveillance. As image intensifiers and thermal imagers have operational differences, each device has associated strengths and limitations. Empirical work established that image intensifiers are best used for species identification of birds against the ground or vegetation. Thermal imagers perform best in detection tasks and monitoring bird airspace usage. The typically used approach of viewing bird survey video from remote sensing in its entirety is a slow, inaccurate and inefficient approach. Accuracy can be significantly improved by viewing the survey video at half the playback speed. Motion detection efficiency and accuracy can be greatly improved through the use of adaptive background subtraction and cumulative image differencing. An experienced ornithologist uses bird flight style and wing oscillations to identify bird species. Changes in wing oscillations can be represented in a single inter-frame similarity matrix through area-based differencing. Bird species classification can then be automated using singular value decomposition to reduce the matrices to one-dimensional vectors for training a feed-forward neural network.
19
Gustafson, Tomas. "Bird communities and vegetation on Swedish wet meadows : importance of management regimes and landscape composition /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00001234/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006.Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/28/2006. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print. Print version includes appendices.
20
Cervantes, Peralta Francisco. "Using movement modelling to improve the design and analysis of vantage point surveys in bird and wind energy studies." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wind energy, although mostly a clean and increasingly efficient energy source, is known to affect communities of flying vertebrates. Mortality by collision with turbines is one of the main impacts on birds and bats associated with wind energy. Soaring birds are particularly vulnerable due to their collision prone behaviours, low manoeuvrability, and their slow population recovery rates. The focus of this thesis is on the identification of areas that are intensively used by soaring birds in order to inform wind turbine placement and minimize collision risk. This thesis is particularly concerned with predictions of bird-use intensity that are based on flight trajectories mapped by observers from vantage points. This survey technique is standard practice during the environmental impact assessment of wind energy facilities, although its virtues and limitations are largely untested. Flight trajectories are counted, timed and mapped during these surveys. However, most assessments ignore the spatial information contained in the trajectories, and mappings are often reduced to metrics such as closest distance to a turbine or whether a particular habitat is visited. In this thesis, I use visual mappings of flight trajectories to estimate the long-term distribution of bird activity using: i) a kernel density estimator adapted to calculate the density of flight trajectories, and ii) modelling flights as being driven by a stochastic process under the influence of a potential field. Acknowledging the subjectivity introduced in the mapping of trajectories by field observers, I also study the discrepancy between mapped and true trajectories. Finally, I showcase the application of the various analytical techniques with a case study, in which I compare collision risk predictions with actual observed fatalities at a wind farm in South Africa. Kernel density estimation proved to be a good exploratory technique, and the estimator designed to estimate trajectory density outperformed other methods that ignore the temporal structure in trajectory data. Nevertheless, kernel methods are limited by its inability to predict bird activity outside areas observed from vantage points. Potential-based models allowed predictions in unobserved areas based on landscape characteristics, and showed promising results identifying areas of high collision risk. I found that the difference between true and mapped trajectories can be substantial, and it should be accounted for in any spatial analysis of vantage point observations. Although based on a single study case, the results are promising and show that the spatial distribution of collision risk predicted with the suite of methods presented in this thesis correlates well with the distribution of observed fatalities. The framework proposed to predict collision risk improves existing procedures in that it uses movement and spatial information contained in the observed trajectories. In addition, it accounts for all known sources of uncertainty throughout the modelling process.
21
Ingesson, Johanna. "Nätmobbning : om pressens bild av nätmobbning i relation till högstadie- och gymnasieungdomars erfarenheter." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-87570.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is about cyber-bullying, the youth’s experience and how the papers image of cyber- bullying looks. The relevance of this essay be to be found in the aim of the research of the cyber bullying today. By examining how the youth’s usage and experience’s - and the papers image of cyber-bullying in the social media, it will be possible to create an understanding for how the social media is represented today. And in the next stage having the ability to work against the cyber bullying. Two methods is used in the studie, a text analysis and a survey. The text analysis is based on a total of 257 articles from two of the biggest tabloids in Sweden, Aftonbladet and Expressen, and the biggest daily news papers Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. All the articles has been publicized between 2010-01-01 to 2013-12-31. The aim of the text analysis was to collect the papers picture of cyber bullying. A survey was created to corral information about the youth’s experience. The survey was sent to two schools in Stockholm, the junior high school Rålambshovsskolan and the high school Thorildsplans gymnasium. The survey resulted in 68 answers where the experience of the youth summarized. The result of the text analysis showed that cyber bullying in the news papers makes up a picture of that the woman is the victim of the bullying, Facebook and Instagram is the most popular social medias, and that Facebook is the most common to be bullied on. But it also showed that the writer of the articles is using metaphors to tone up an feeling. The writer can decide what credibility different statements will have depending on with which words the writer describe the statements. The result of the survey showed that Kik, Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat was the most used social media. And that a majority of 54 of 68, had read something mean about someone they know on social media. 42 persons had not been exposed to cyber bullying, but 13 said that they had been, and the same number said that they didn’t know if they hade been cyber bullied. Facebook was mentioned as the most common social media to be exposed to cyber bullying on.
The author of the articles has the power to influence the persons that have pronounced in the articles credibility. This factors will in the end influence on the public, which will create their opinions based on what they read. This showed that the concept cyber bullying is obscure, the youth has to know if they are cyber bullied or not, and they have to know if they are cyber bullying someone or not.
22
Churches, Steven C. "An historical survey of the presumption in the common law that general statutes do not bind the Crown /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc562.pdf.
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23
Hansen, James M. "Survey Methods and Habitat Associations of Secretive Marsh Birds in Coastal Wetlands of the Western Lake Erie Basin." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1557100964806229.
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24
Maddox, Brian C. "Emerging role of activity center transportation organizations in traffic operations services." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The TMA Traffic Operations Survey was developed, which focused on traffic operations services and transportation system management practices of TMOs. The survey had the following structure: background, membership, services, and follow-up. The survey was emailed to 157 TMOs around the nation and 35 responses were received, a 22.2% response rate. Of the participating organizations only five (17%) organizations provided traffic services including traffic control improvements, signal timing, and collection of traffic data.
These findings determined that a minority of organizations are involved in traffic operations. The multiple organizations that are involved in traffic operations provided data on their websites including incident alerts, live traffic views, and real-time traffic or shuttle information. Very few of the organizations that used data to provide traffic operations services generated the data themselves. The research results determined that few organizations are actively attempting to assume a role in traffic operations.
25
Jerkert, Kajsa. "Uppfattningar om SwePub : En enkätstudie om svenska lärosätens bild av SwePub som analysverktyg." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352976.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis has examined a selection of Swedish universities’ views on the Swedish national publication database SwePub. The study has phenomenography as its methodology, and by means of the survey it has asked questions about the universities’ local publication databases, the national guidelines on documenting a scientific publication and how the universities regard the whole SwePub analysis project. The purpose was to find out how the universities perceive the whole SwePub phenomenon. For selecting participants in the survey, the selection criteria were size of the university, the subjects offered there and the publishing system used. Regarding the local publication databases, the answers have focused on the difficulties and opportunities with the registration of scientific work using the own publications database. In the section on guidelines, I discuss how the universities relate to two documents on SwePub guidelines and recommendations. The analysis deals with the national guidelines related to the local practice of the universities, where national guidelines may sometimes collide with the institution's own needs and wishes. The section of the analysis that deals with the institutions' views on the SwePub analysis project at large, relates the SwePub project to the terms function and relevance. In conclusion, I discuss to what extent I have found some patterns in the answers, linked to my selection criteria for the size of the university, subject area and type of publishing system.
26
Cox, Martin James. "Acoustic and ecological investigations into predator-prey interactions between Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and seal and bird predators." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/579.
Повний текст джерела
27
Thylén, Louise. "Biologisk mångfald i små grönområden : Inventering av insekter och fåglar i bebyggda områden i Solna kommun." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6802.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
All over the world the urbanisation increases at the expense of green areas. Many plants and animals are endangered today because their habitats gets smaller or disappear. The green areas that are left in city centres and suburbs are often small and surrounded by roads and buildings. Despite this, several studies have shown that these small green areas may house large biological diversity.
This project aims to study the biological diversity in small green patches in residential areas. The study has been carried out in Råsunda in Solna municipality (Stockholm county) during the period May–July 2006.
Three equivalent areas (5000–10 000 m2) with quite many old oaks were chosen for the study and inventoried for birds and saproxylic insects. The results were compared with other studies in areas of different sizes, both inside and outside of suburbs. Birds were inventoried at eight occasions between 7.00 and 9.25 am. In each area a few places were chosen as inventory spots. These were distributed to cover the whole area. At each spot, all birds that were heard or seen during a ten-minutes-period were counted. Insects were collected by attaching a pitfall trap or a window trap to each of seven old oaks (Quercus robur).
The results show that the patches, despite their size and nearness to buildings and roads, contained a high diversity of animal species. In total 26 bird species and ten orders of insects were found. The number of bird species in the present study are correlated with the number of bird species in residential areas and larger green areas in another study made in Örebro. There was however no correlation with inventories carried out in the city centre and the periphery in the same study. In comparison with the periphery, the areas in Solna had fewer species of woodpeckers, forest birds, hole-nesters and vulnerable species, but more urban species. Among the identified insects were three red-listed species, Lymexylon navale, Euryusa sinuata and Eupachygaster tarsalis, which all are attached to old deciduous trees. In addition, Eupachygaster tarsalis has previously only been found a few times in Sweden.
A larger survey would probably have generated more species but this study have shown that even small green patches in residential areas can house a large biological diversity and therefore be important to conserve and take care of. To maintain this kind of diversity within residential areas, it is necessary to let trees grow old and protect green areas from further exploitation.
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Abernathy, Lisa. "One Year Avian Survey of John U. Lloyd Beach State Park to Determine Population Density." NSUWorks, 2011. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/209.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
John U. Lloyd Beach State Park is a 125 hectare barrier island on the eastern edge of Broward County, Florida abutting the Intracoastal Waterway and Atlantic Ocean. The park provides recreational facilities for the public as well as housing Nova Southeastern University’s Oceanographic Center, a U.S. Coast Guard Station, U.S. Navy Facility, and park offices. The park is surrounded by growing infrastructure such as the Hollywood-Fort Lauderdale International Airport, Port Everglades, and the Florida Power and Light operational facility. John U. Lloyd Beach State Park was in need of a baseline survey of the avian population to check for future fluctuations. For one year, 2003-2004, lines transects situated throughout the park were traversed on a weekly basis. The program DISTANCE was used to analyze the projected populations. It was found that the bird populations, both as passerines and as a total, were highest during the migration seasons of fall and spring. It was also found that the habitats with the highest percent of land covered with vegetation were not necessarily the most populated. Now that baseline information has been collected it is suggested that this study be repeated every several years to see how avian populations, individual and species, change in accordance with changes in Broward County (i.e. population growth and industrial development).
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Culina, Antica. "With or without you : pair fidelity and divorce in monogamous birds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6f2d3c09-712c-4f1f-838a-4a23fe5c85d1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The drivers of fidelity and divorce of pair-bonded individuals, along with their fitness consequences, are of great interest as they influence mating systems, population structure and productivity, and gene flow. Socially monogamous birds offer an ideal opportunity to study divorce since they show great variability in the extent to which pair bonds are maintained. However, there has been little consensus as to whether divorce is a behavioural adaptation to improve a mating situation, or a consequence of other processes. Moreover, the biological and ecological correlates of fidelity are difficult to address because previous work has been based on indirect and potentially biased methods. Finally, in terms of process, the link between the process of mate choice and subsequent mating decisions has been largely inaccessible to study. My doctoral thesis addressed these significant gaps in our understanding of cause, process and consequence in the formation and dissolution of pair bonds in socially monogamous birds. I accomplished this in three principal ways. First, I conducted a robust phylogenetic meta-analysis on 84 studies across 64 species to assess the existing empirical evidence that divorce in socially monogamous birds is adaptive (in terms of breeding success). This analysis revealed that divorce is, in general, adaptive as it is both triggered by relatively low breeding success and leads to improvement in success. Next, I developed a novel probabilistic multievent capture–mark–recapture framework that provides joint estimates of survival and fidelity while explicitly accounting for imperfect detection, capture heterogeneity, and uncertainty in pair status. By applying this model to breeding data on a wild great tit population I showed that birds that remain faithful to their partner exhibit higher survival rates and are more likely to remain faithful in the next breeding season than do birds that change partners. Subsequently, I confirmed the generality of a survival benefit by applying the model to breeding data on other tit populations. Then, by applying the model to data from a population of mute swans, I showed that fidelity decreases the likelihood of skipping breeding and mortality in this long-lived species, and that these effects depended on age, individual quality, and immigration status. Finally, I investigated how the timing of pair formation influences breeding success and divorce probability using five years of data on the over-winter social behaviour of great tits. I showed that early pair formation had a positive effect on fitness components, influencing the likelihood of divorce only indirectly, through breeding success. Further, my work revealed that males, but not females, with higher numbers of the female associates in winter, and males whose future breeding partners were ranked low amongst these, divorced more often. My research makes a significant contribution to our understanding of divorce and fidelity, and generates a number of important implications for future studies. First, my work establishes that divorce is adaptive for breeding success. Second, my results highlight that survival is an important (and likely, widespread) fitness consequence of pairing decisions. Third, I provide a novel statistically rigorous modelling framework for estimating fidelity-rates and testing hypothesis about fidelity that overcomes many of the inherent biases in traditional estimates. Fourth, it provides the first evidence for a selective advantage of early pair formation in wild, thus highlighting that there are benefits to pair familiarity that manifest via social associations of individuals prior to breeding. Finally, my work reveals the selective pressures operating via the social environment can ultimately influence the mating strategies individuals adopt.
30
Santos, Andreia Oliveira. "Cirurgia Oftálmica e Cuidados Perioperatórios em Aves de Rapina." Bachelor's thesis, Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/36571.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O presente relatório refere-se ao estágio realizado no CRASSA, Centro de Recuperação
de Animais Selvagens de Santo André, no município de Santiago do Cacém, na área de
clínica médica e cirúrgica de animais selvagens e silvestres, no período de 28 de outubro
de 2020 e 29 de janeiro de 2021. Os principais objetivos do estágio foram aprofundar
conhecimentos na clínica e medicina de recuperação de animais silvestres, sobretudo as
espécies autóctones, e sobre cirurgia oftálmica e cuidados perioperatórios. No CRASSA
foi possível acompanhar 72 novos casos, onde 66 pertenciam à classe das aves (91,6%),
e os restantes 6 (8,4%) pertenciam à classe dos mamíferos. As causas de entrada variam
desde traumas, debilitação, queda do ninho, desorientação, cativeiro e atropelamento.
As atividades que a aluna mais realizou ao longo do estágio foram receção dos animais,
contenção e exame físico, preparação e administração de medicação, acompanhamento
no internamento e alimentação, limpeza das instalações dos animais e enriquecimento
animal. Relacionado com o tema, foi possível acompanhar um caso de afeção ocular que
precisou de terapêutica cirúrgica. A autora acompanhou de perto o pré, o durante e o
pós cirúrgico da ave em questão, e por ser uma cirurgia complexa, despertou interesse
na aluna. Um exame físico completo confirma se o animal está apto para cirurgia, e auxilia
o profissional a escolher a técnica mais adequada. Os cuidados perioperatórios, como
por exemplo, o jejum, a medicação e monitorização pré e pós cirúrgica, e o
enriquecimento ambiental vão determinar a recuperação do paciente. Para que haja
conservação das espécies selvagens, a criação de novos serviços para estes deveria ser
ponderada, e, portanto, uma maior necessidade de profissionais com experiência nos mesmos.This report refers to the internship carried out at CRASSA, Wild Animals Recovery Center of Santo André, in the municipality of Santiago do Cacém, in the area of a medical and surgical clinic for wild and wild animals, in October 28, 2020, and January 29, 2021. The main objectives of the internship were to deepen knowledge in the clinic and medicine for the recovery of wild animals, especially native species, and about ophthalmic surgery and perioperative care. In CRASSA it was possible to monitor 72 new cases, where 66 belonged to the bird class (91.6%), and the remaining 6 (8.4%) belonged to the mammal class. The causes of entry vary from traumas, debilitation, fall from the nest, disorientation, captivity, and being run over. The activities that the student most performed during the internship were reception of animals, restraint and physical examination, preparation and administration of medication, monitoring during hospitalization and feeding, cleaning of the animals' facilities and animal enrichment. Related to the theme, it was possible to follow a case of eye disease that required surgical therapy. The author closely monitored the pre, during and post-surgery of the bird in question, and because it is a complex surgery, aroused interest in the student. A complete physical examination confirms that the animal is fit for surgery, and helps the professional to choose the most appropriate technique. Perioperative care, such as fasting, medication and pre and post-surgical monitoring, and environmental enrichment will determine the patient's recovery. For there to be conservation of wild species, the creation of new services for them should be considered, and, therefore, a greater need for professionals with experience in them.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Mckellar, Junior Tem C. "Re-framing risk transfer to assess integrative partnership opportunities: the S.A.R. approach and the AIG/BID/CNO regional surety bond facility of 2007." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/6883.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-07-13T21:05:54Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
TEM C McKellar.pdf: 2642159 bytes, checksum: 27d9797cab7b12330cb84b7cf9a3bad0 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-07-13T21:06:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TEM C McKellar.pdf: 2642159 bytes, checksum: 27d9797cab7b12330cb84b7cf9a3bad0 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2010-07-14T12:35:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TEM C McKellar.pdf: 2642159 bytes, checksum: 27d9797cab7b12330cb84b7cf9a3bad0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-30
The identification, allocation and management of project risks are major concerns to in establishing and administering public-private partnerships (PPP). Consequently managers of public entities, development banks, construction companies and insurers are studying and employing many techniques to address the assessment and management of project risks. Risk transfer is a hallmark of the purported benefits provided by PPP, yet due to contractual and conceptual realities, the public party (the ceding entity) almost always remains the ultimate risk bearer. Consequently, public party retains an enduring interest in the overall management of these ceded risks. This dissertation explores shortcomings of the common approaches to conceptualizing risk management in the context of a PPP. By focusing the concepts of interdependence and mutuality and using the decision to transfer project risk, this dissertation frames the decision to transfer risk in terms of: the interdependent realities of systemic relationships, broadens the technical concepts of risk and risk assessment and considers the reflective use of differences in perspective to analyze the case study. The author explores these concepts in an analysis of decision of a risk manager of the Brazilian construction company Construtora Norberto Odebrecht to design an innovative surety bond facility with the Inter-American Development Bank (BID) and an insurer, the American International Group (AIG), a deal which won recognition as Trade Finance Magazine’s 2007 deal of the year. The author argues that by framing risk transfer in terms of the organization’s systemic disposition, technical assessment and reflective dynamics, one may identify and create more opportunities to engage in successful long-term relationships in ways that current PPP literature does not yet address. The results should provide contributions for future research into project risk transfer, inter-organizational cooperation and potential project partner selection.
Identificar, compartilhar e gerenciar os riscos de contratar são preocupações que impedem o estabelicmento e a administração das Parcerias Públicos Particulares (PPP). Porem, gerentes das entidades públicas, bancos de formento, construtoras e seguradoras pesquisam e utilizam muitas técnicas para enfrentar a avaliação e gerenciamento dos riscos. A transferência de risco é uma indicação dos chamados benefícios que são inspirados pelos PPP, contudo devido às realidades contratuais e conceptuais, a entidade de cede o risco (o partido público) permanece quase sempre como o portador final do risco. Conseqüentemente, o partido público retem um interesse de resistência na gerência total destes riscos cedidos. Esta dissertação explora alguns defeitos das aproximações comuns a conceituar a gestão de risco no contexto de um PPP. Focalizando os conceitos da interdependência e da reciprocidade e usando na decisão para transferir o risco do projeto, esta dissertação molda a decisão para transferir o risco nos termos das realidades interdependentes de relacionamentos sistemáticos, alargam os conceitos técnicos do risco e da avaliação de risco, considerando o uso reflexivo das diferenças na analise de um estudo de caso. O autor explora estes conceitos em uma análise da decisão de um gerente de risco da empresa de construção civil brasileira Construtora Norberto Odebrecht (ODB) para projetar uma facilidade inovadora da ligação de garantia com Inter-American Development Bank (BID) e uma seguradora, American International Group (AIG), um negócio que ganhe o reconhecimento Trade Finance Magazine’s 2007 deal of the year. O autor mostra que por compreender a transferência de risco nos termos abordados nesta dissertação, um atore que transfere o risco pode identificar e criar mais oportunidades de estabelecer relacionamentos em longo prazo, através dos processos que a literatura atual do PPP ainda não considere. Os resultados devem fornecer contribuições para a pesquisas sobre a transferência do risco do projeto, na cooperação entre organizações e na seleção do sócio do projeto do potencial.
32
Saidenberg, André Becker Simões. "Avaliação de protocolos sanitários para a espécie Papagaio-de-peito-roxo (Amazona vinacea - Kuhl, 1820) em cativeiro e análise de programas de relocação populacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-13122013-145216/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Um componente da conservação de animais selvagens é a relocação de espécies comumente referida como projetos de soltura. Para que esta seja bem sucedida os candidatos do projeto devem estar livres de patógenos considerados de importância para a espécie. Segundo a Instrução Normativa 179 oficializada pelo IBAMA em 25/06/2008, determinou-se a realização de exames laboratoriais como medidas a se prevenir a introdução de agentes infecciosos no ambiente, e garantir a sobrevivência a longo prazo dos animais em questão. No Brasil encontra-se a maior quantidade em espécies de psitacídeos, e das 84 espécies, 13 são vulneráveis a criticamente ameaçadas de extinção. Diversos projetos de relocação de animais silvestres, incluindo vários já bem sucedidos com psitacídeos, vêm sido realizados em território nacional além dos existentes do exterior. O Papagaio-de-peito-roxo (Amazona vinacea) tem suas populações severamente afetadas, sendo classificada no estado de São Paulo como criticamente ameaçada e como ameaçada a nível mundial. Apesar das dificuldades para a conservação dos recursos naturais, existem remanescentes de habitat protegido e em regeneração que podem abrigar espécies que historicamente ocupavam estes locais, de maneira que projetos de reintrodução visando A.vinacea como espécie bandeira em São Paulo e em Santa Catarina, foram contatados para realizar a pesquisa sanitária prévia à soltura. Foram realizados suabes cloacais em amostragens seriadas de modo a identificar possíveis portadores para os agentes paramixovírus tipo 1, influenza tipo A, poxvírus aviário, coronavírus, Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica (EPEC), e Salmonella spp., em indivíduos da espécie confiscados do tráfico, através da reação em cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR), objetivando sequenciar os possíveis resultados positivos, discutindo a viabilidade e custos segundo as determinações da IN 179/2008. Amostras após a liberação também foram coletadas na forma de fezes obtidas no recinto de aclimatação e/ou ao redor dos comedouros de alimentação suplementar. Obtiveram-se um total de 151 amostras somadas em todas as coletas seriadas, sendo 103 amostras de suabes cloacais de aves ainda em cativeiro e 48 amostras de fezes não individualmente caracterizadas das aves soltas. Das amostras testadas para os agentes com potencial infeccioso obtiveram-se apenas resultados positivos para E.coli, totalizando 36 isolados, embora nenhum tenha sido caracterizado como EPEC. Observou-se uma tendência para maior detecção de E.coli nas amostragens iniciais em comparação com as finais, fato ligado principalmente às melhorias no manejo empregadas. A possibilidade de se comparar resultados em amostragens seriadas foi importante para uma avaliação mais segura quanto à sanidade dos animais envolvidos, auxiliando a determinar a seleção das aves, não havendo relatos de doenças imediatamente após a soltura ou no monitoramento a longo prazo. A baixa frequência de amostras positivas para os agentes que poderiam inviabilizar a liberação parece demonstrar que existe um exagero de que doenças representam um risco extremo impedindo projetos de relocação. Procedimentos de quarentena adequados e a realização de um mínimo de exames reduzem os riscos envolvidos, fato observado no presente estudo tanto em cativeiro como no processo de liberação e posteriormente. Para as instituições amostradas havia um limitado recurso anual que não seria capaz de pagar por exames individuais. Uma opção é a de testar amostras em pool para diminuir os custos, e caso haja positivos, procurar retestar para identificar os indivíduos. A baixa prevalência de positividade para os agentes com potencial infeccioso neste estudo, demonstra que amostras em pool podem ser uma alternativa econômica, caso o exame individual esteja fora de questão. Tendo em vista que para obter um mínimo de segurança no projeto de relocação no Brasil depende-se quase exclusivamente da iniciativa privada, convênios com universidades tornam-se não apenas uma necessidade, mas também uma oportunidade para troca em direção a um objetivo em comum e geração de conhecimento científico.One component in the conservation of wild animals is the relocation of species, commonly referred as release projects. In order for this attempt to be successful the candidates must be clear of pathogens of significance for the species. According to the normative rule 179 established by the IBAMA in 25/06/2008, it was determined that a series of laboratorial exams should be performed in order to prevent the introduction of infectious agents in the environment and guarantee the long term survival of the animals. The largest number of psittacine species is found in Brazil accounting for 84 species, with 13 of these classified as vulnerable to critically endangered. Several relocation projects with wild animals, including several well succeeded with psittacines have been taking place on a national scale besides others being carried out around the world. The Vinaceous Amazon (Amazona vinacea) have had its populations severely affected being classified as critically endangered in the state of São Paulo and globally threatened. Although there are challenges to conserve natural resources, available remnants of protected and regenerating habitat can be found and could support species that historically inhabited these sites, hence reintroduction projects with A.vinacea as a flagship species in the state of São Paulo and Santa Catarina were contacted to perform a health survey previously to the releases. Cloacal swabs were taken in paired samplings in order to detect possible carriers for paramyxovirus typ1, influenza type A, avian poxvirus, coronavirus, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), and Salmonella spp.; in individuals that were confiscated from the illegal trade employing the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), aiming to sequence possible positive results and discussing the viability and costs according to the determination of the IN/179/2008. Fecal samples were also collected after the release in the acclimation flight and/or surrounding the supplemental feeders in the area while still adapting in the post-release. A total of 151 samples were obtained altogether with 103 of these being cloacal swabs of the birds still in captivity and 48 fecal samples non individually characterized of released birds. Out of the tested samples only E.coli yielded positive results with a total of 36 isolates, although none was characterized as EPEC. A tendency was observed for a higher detection of E.coli in the initial samplings compared to the final ones, a fact mainly connected husbandry improvements that were put in use. The possibility to compare results in paired samplings was important in order to obtain a safer evaluation concerning the health status of the animals, helping to determine the birds selection and no health problems reported neither immediately after the release nor on the long term monitoring. The low frequency of positive samples for the agents that could jeopardize a release seems to show that there is an exaggeration that diseases represent an extreme risk to the point of hampering relocation projects. Adequate quarantine procedures and performing minimum health examinations minimize the involved risks, a fact observed in this study both in captivity as well as in the release and post release process. For the studied institutions there was a limited annual budget that would not be capable to pay for individual exams. One option is to test pooled samples to lower associated costs, and if a positive is found, retest to identify the individuals. The low prevalence for the tested agents in this study show that pooled samples could be a viable alternative when individual exams are not feasible. Taking into account that to obtain a minimum in terms of safety for a relocation project in Brazil one is almost exclusively dependent on private parties, cooperation with universities are not only a necessity but also an opportunity for exchanges toward a common goal besides generating scientific knowledge.
33
He, Rui-Yang, and 何瑞暘. "The Volunteer of Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey participation in the current situation survey." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6y4827.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立東華大學
自然資源與環境學系
106
The Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey (BBS Taiwan) is a large-scale citizen science project that aims to establish an immediate bird population monitoring indicator to understand the annual bird population changes and serve as an important basis for assessing biodiversity indicators. Since the formal investigation in 2009, in addition to the scientific results of the basic data of birds, it has been expected to analyze the current situation of volunteer participation in the survey as the basis for the sustainable development of the plan. Therefore, this study collected the quantitative data by a questionnaire designed by the Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute in 2014 to understand the volunteers. The questionnaire was divided into four parts, namely the background of the volunteers, the changes in the current situation of environmental literacy before and after volunteering, the maintenance and the factors that influenced the recruitment of the volunteers, and the utilization of resources for volunteer development. In addition to the quantitative data, qualitative research was conducted on volunteers in June 2018. The study found that the background of the BBS Taiwan volunteers is diverse, but most of the volunteers are interested in bird observation and experienced in bird watching. They gain the bird-related knowledge from the Wild Bird Societys and related books,and turn the knowledge into the record for investigation. There are only two investigations a year, and it does not take up too much private time for volunteers. Most of the volunteers recruited from the the Wild Bird Societys or other NGOs know about BBS Taiwan and are interested in the altruistic motives of nature and ecological conservation. As for the factors affecting the bird survey, the volunteers reported beingtoo busy with their original jobs, or the sample area of the survey is too far away from their residence. BBS Taiwan provides many services for volunteers. Most of the volunteers do not use the services because it is not convenient to apply for the services. Moreover. some suggest no need to use the services or they can get the same information from other sources. In terms of the resources on the Internet, the volunteers use them due to their personal background and preferences or time. The reasons why some volunteers don't use online resources are that they are busy or don't know about them. Employing the Environmental Literacy Framework proposed by the North American Institute of Environmental Education to evaluate the BBS volunteers, this study found that the volunteers have improved their ability to recognize birds after participating in the courses and surveys. They also have higher Environmental consciousness to care about nature and ecological conservation than the general people. In terms of citizen participation and action strategies, volunteers are most concerned about the reservation and conservation of the overall habitat environment, thereby taking action to improve the environment and also have a responsible capacity for environmental behavior. According to the analysis of the results, the following things can help with the future development of BBS Taiwan: attract and retain the senior volunteers who are willing to continue the investigation, and maintain the exchanges between the researcher and the civic scientists. If BBS Taiwan has network management capabilities, it can regularly update the website interface and information to enhance the volunteers’ interest in using online resources.
34
Jin, Yi-Ming, and 金憶明. "Avian Survey and Research of Countermeasures against Bird Strike in Taichung Airport." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vhp9mj.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士靜宜大學
管理碩士在職專班
103
With the advance of science and technology, the number of aircrafts has increased, while the bird strikes events have also become growing consequently. At the same time, how to effectively prevent bird strikes from happening again has become an important issue for the international aviation community to continuously and actively explore ways of solving the problems. The current methods of bird strike prevention among domestic airports are various, including the routine of shotguns, clap nets, and remote control aircrafts. In addition to those devices, there are also anti-bird facilities which are self-developed or imitated from foreign airports. However, the ineffective equipment has not only increased the budget costs, but has also increased the workload of staff. First, through the ecological survey, the investigation of bird ecology in Taichung Airport will be introduced in this study. Secondly, according to the examination of effect on the main bird repellent devices, the related data and observed results will be presented as suggestions for the follow-up work, which will be beneficial to enhance the effectiveness of bird strike prevention in the future.
35
Thackway, Richard Malcom. "Analysis of techniques for mapping environments for fauna survey." Master's thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/15431.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A discussion of environmental land classification is presented for the purpose of surveying avifaunal communities.
Surveying and mapping land uses the term environment in a special sense. Environment can be mapped into regions whose components are interacting climate terrain, geology, soils and biota. The problem of how to describe the environment for sampling fauna requires an approach which samples the inherent and known variability of all environmental regions present. Discovery of patterns between fauna and environment provide the basis for understanding species/habitat relationships and provides a valuable basis for management or more detailed studies. Two environmental mapping methods commonly employed in faunal survey and management are systematic grids and natural landscape patterns; these were compared to determine their effectiveness for classifying the environment for sampling avifaunal communities.
A detailed study was undertaken between 1982-84 in a plot of 8km2 in the Tianjara area. The plot was chosen to encompass a representative sample of the wide range of environments described by Gunn (1985). Analysis of the systematic grids involved sampling a diverse set of environmental attributes into six different grid sizes, including 100m2, 200m2, 300m2, 400m2, 500m2 and 1000m2. Topographic maps and aerial photos provided the sources for measuring the attributes. Results of several analyses showed the 300m2 grid was the most appropriate for the Tianjara area. Analysis of natural landscape patterns involved adoption of the work done by Gunn et al (1984) and led to the preparation of a land unit map for the study plot. Detailed patterns were delineated in 1:27,000 scale air photos and described using the land unit descriptions in Gunn (1985).
Results from ground site samples taken to verify the two mapping bases showed that the correspondence between map and ground data was better for sites in systematic grids than for natural landscape patterns. Notwithstanding this, a better understanding of the effects of sampling specific patches of environment was gained from examining sites in natural landscape patterns because it employed a stratified representative sampling strategy, while the systematic grids used a centric systematic sampling strategy. The effect of this was large uniform patches of habitat tended to be more oversampled by sites in systematic grids than was observed for sites in natural landscape patterns.
Examination of the relationships between the sampling bases using analyses of environment was not possible because of the lack of sufficient sites in common between the two sampling bases. Comparison of the two sampling bases was, however, possible by using avifaunal data common to both sampling bases. Analysis of the relationships between avifaunal data and environmental groups showed only minor differences between the effectiveness of the two sampling bases to provide practical and realistic descriptions of environment for describing discrete assemblages of birds.
The overall conclusion of this study is that any environmental classification, so long as it is based on relevant attributes known to be important for environmental structure and processes, will provide a valuable basis for sampling fauna. A number of points need to be stressed regarding analyses of this type; care needs to be exercised in choosing surrogate environmental attributes between the mapping and ground site data and caution is required when allocating sampling sites to avoid overemphasising area of environmental groups as more important than the inherent variability of the attributes within the environmental groups. An understanding of this problem will greatly improve the nature of sampling fauna in environmental regions.
36
Yu, Hsiu-Pin, and 游秀彬. "Survey of the wild bird habitat at Tan-Swei river for the presence of Clostridium Botulium." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71861313775690122949.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
獸醫學系所
100
Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium, which can produce spores in anaerobic environment. The pathogen is widely distributed over the oceans, rivers, lakes, soil and in the digestive tracts of animals. C. botulinum can produce strong neurotoxin, which were divided into A to G and mainly types C, D, C-D, D-C in avian. Botulium toxin can block the nerve conduction, thereby affecting muscle movement, breathing, heart rate, resulting in paralysis or even death. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of C. botulinum/Botulium toxin in the water bird habitats along Tan-Swei river in Taiwan. The study areas in this study included the wild bird habitats along Tan-Swei river from Hwa-giang bridge to the end of Tan-Swei river (about 48 kilometers). River mud, waterfowl corpse, fish corpse and maggots in corpse were collected for C. botulinum/Botulium toxin isolation and detection. Between September 2008 and May 2010, there were 390 samples were collected, including 240 river mud samples, 28 waterfowl carcass samples, 98 fish carcass samples and 24 maggot samples in corpse. The results of C. botulinum/Botulium toxin isolation and PCR detection from these samples were all negative. During the study period, there were two C. botulinum/Botulium toxin suspected duck samples occasionally collected in Kaohsiung County. These two samples were detected PCR positive and were defined as C-D type after sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Although the two samples were not collected from Tam-sui river, the success of the PCR detection and the procedure for type differentiation were applied in this investigation to verify the credibility. The samples collected along Tam-sui river in this study were all C. botulinum/Botulium toxin negative; however, continuing monitor is still necessary.
37
YANG, LUNG-TSE, and 楊龍澤. "Application of Avian Fauna Survey for Bird Strike Prevention - a case study of International Airport in Central Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26650800771021572874.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士開南大學
空運管理學系
96
“Bird Strike” has become a worldwide troublesome issue to the Air Forces and civil aviations and endangers the flight safety. Every country has invested considerable human, financial, and material resources into the work of bird strike prevention. It is expected to develop efficient bird-dispersing measures or tools to reduce or lower the occurrence of the “bird strike” in aviation. In the practical aspect, for the bird strike prevention, it is necessary to first decide the habits and characteristics of ecology of “ascendant birds”. Due to birds’ ecosystem is dynamic and changes discontinuously, this study is applying the catastrophe theory to get the density of various avian species, samples are generated from the data of avian fauna survey conducted by the international airport in central Taiwan, by using resources of birds foods, human activities, daily activities of birds’ prowls and seasonal migrations as controlling variate. It is founded that sparrow, skylark, red-collared dove, Chinese bulbul, pigeon, house swift, black drongo, cattle egret, barn swallow and feral pigeon are ten ascendant birds at the international airport in central Taiwan and to propose efficient bird strike preventing measures based on the biological characteristics of the avian species. For bird strike prevention, it must make a permanent cure as main measure with a temporary solution as the auxiliary one. Controlling the airport ecology, changing the birds’ inhabited environment and breaking off their food chain, and setting up inhabit areas to attract birds to reduce the inhabit amount of the birds at the airport, which will be effectively decrease the risk of the “bird strike” in aviation.
38
Ting, Yen-Wen, and 丁彥文. "The Detection of Duck Picornavirus by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Serological Survey among Bird Species in Taiwan." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37698857524523330425.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
獸醫學研究所
92
Duck viral hepatitis (DVH) is a high mortality disease in ducklings. Three types of DHV have been reported, and type 1 and type 3 caused by viruses belonging to Picornavidiae. In Taiwan, outbreaks of DVH were reported in 1972 and 1990, respectively. A strain of the duck pricornavirus (DPV), Tw90A, isolated in the 1990 Kaohsiung outbreak was studied. Two pairs of primers were designed based on the conserved region of 3D and were used in nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Nested-RT-PCR) to detect DPV. Day-old to 21 days-old Peking ducks without DPV antibody were inoculated with Tw90A isolate. Various organs were collected from 8 hours to 21 days after inoculation and Nested-RT-PCR was used to detect the presence of the DPV genome. The results showed that DPV persisted in the infected ducklings for at least 21 days. Most of the other organs, such as the liver, spleen, heart muscle, skeletal muscle, and kidney, became are tested positive in samples collected between 8 to 48 hours after inoculation. The detection of the DPV genome was limited to the cerebrum, esophagus, heart muscle, skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, spleen, and pancreas at 21 days post-inoculation (DPI). The weight gains of duckling inoculated with DPV were significantly lower than the un-inoculated control ducklings (p<0.01). Seroprevalence of DPV among bird species in Taiwan was also studied. The results showed positive rates of 32.95% in duck, 1.50% in chicken, 22.50% in pigeon, and 7.06% in goose. DPV positive rate was significantly higher in duck than in other species (p<0.01). Seroprevalence of vDHV and in duck were 1.1% and 62.3% respectively. DHV positive rate was significantly higher in duck than DPV and vDHV (p<0.01).
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Jones, Lewis B. "Studies in conservation biology analysis of the Nicolet National Forest Bird Survey and of the La Crosse Natural Areas Inventory /." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33418089.html.
Повний текст джерела
40
Hay, Stacey. "Distribution and habitat of the least bittern and other marsh bird species in southern Manitoba." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/226.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Call-response surveys were conducted to better delineate and estimate the population of the nationally threatened least bittern and their habitat requirements in southern Manitoba, Canada. Other marsh bird species whose populations are believed to be declining due to wetland loss throughout, or in parts of, their range were also surveyed including the American bittern, pied-billed grebe, sora, Virginia rail and yellow rail.
Surveys were conducted during the 2003 and 2004 breeding seasons within 46 different wetlands. Least bitterns were encountered on 26 occasions at 15 sites within 5 wetlands. The sora was the most abundant and widely distributed target species and was encountered on 330 occasions in 39 of the 46 surveyed wetlands. Yellow rails were not detected during either survey year due to survey methodology.
Use of the call-response survey protocol led to an increase in the numbers of all
target species detected. This increase was more significant for the least bittern, sora and
Virginia rail.
Habitat was assessed as percent vegetation cover within a 50-m radius around the calling sites, and forest resource inventory data were used in a Geographic Information System to determine the landscape composition within a 500-m radius around the sites and within a 5-km radius around the wetlands surveyed. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the presence of the target species and the site and landscape characteristics.
The target species responded differently to different site and landscape characteristics. Least bittern and pied-billed grebe selected areas with higher proportions of Typha spp. and tall shrubs; American bittern also selected areas with higher proportions of tall shrubs. At the 5-km scale, the American bittern responded positively to the amount of wetland and some positive trends were also detected for the pied-billed grebe. Sora and Virginia rail were not associated with any of the measured landscape characteristics.
One of the most important steps towards the conservation of marsh bird species in Manitoba and elsewhere is the development, adoption, and implementation of a standardized survey protocol. Based on the results of the present study, I recommend that future surveys include both a passive and call-broadcast period for marsh bird species. Future surveys should be conducted in both the morning and evening and sites should be visited 3 times each during the breeding season. In southern Manitoba, call-response surveys should begin as early as the beginning of May to ensure the survey incorporates the period of peak vocalization. I recommend that future yellow rail surveys be conducted after dark.
In this study many of the target species selected sites that had a greater area of wetland habitat surrounding them. Future wetland conservation efforts should focus on the protection and/or restoration of wetland complexes to ensure that remaining wetlands do not become smaller and increasingly isolated from one another. In addition, the Rat River Swamp was found to be the most productive marsh complex for least bittern in southern Manitoba. Measures should be taken to protect this area from future development and alteration.May 2006
41
Grouios, Christopher. "Comparing the Use of Abundance and Consistent Occupancy Measures to Predict Local Species Persistence." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/25702.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I compared the utility of two continuous time-series data measures for applied conservation biology by investigating how well each could predict future local persistence of a diverse set of bird species. I used 37 years of data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey to
calculate abundance from yearly point-counts and permanence (i.e., consistent occupancy over time) from yearly presence-absence data in the early portion of the study period, then used the later portion of data to empirically evaluate how well each measure predicted persistence two decades into the future. I found that permanence could only match the ability of abundance to accurately predict local species persistence if multiple within-year repeated observations
contributed to its calculation. Neither measure was effective at predicting persistence for regionally rarer species. I suggest the yearly and within-year repeated collection of abundance estimating data for use in applied conservation biology to best ensure biodiversity persistence.
42
Dail, David (David Andrew). "Conditioning of unobserved period-specific abundances to improve estimation of dynamic populations." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28224.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Obtaining accurate estimates of animal abundance is made difficult by the fact that most
animal species are detected imperfectly. Early attempts at building likelihood models that
account for unknown detection probability impose a simplifying assumption unrealistic for
many populations, however: no births, deaths, migration or emigration can occur in the
population throughout the study (i.e., population closure). In this dissertation, I develop
likelihood models that account for unknown detection and do not require assuming population closure. In fact, the proposed models yield a statistical test for population closure.
The basic idea utilizes a procedure in three steps: (1) condition the probability of the observed data on the (unobserved) period- specific abundances; (2) multiply this conditional
probability by the (prior) likelihood for the period abundances; and (3) remove (via summation) the period- specific abundances from the joint likelihood, leaving the marginal
likelihood of the observed data. The utility of this procedure is two-fold: step (1) allows
detection probability to be more accurately estimated, and step (2) allows population
dynamics such as entering migration rate and survival probability to be modeled. The
main difficulty of this procedure arises in the summation in step (3), although it is greatly
simplified by assuming abundances in one period depend only the most previous period (i.e., abundances have the Markov property). I apply this procedure to form abundance
and site occupancy rate estimators for both the setting where observed point counts are
available and the setting where only the presence or absence of an animal species is ob-
served. Although the two settings yield very different likelihood models and estimators,
the basic procedure forming these estimators is constant in both.Graduation date: 2012
43
Neave, Helen Mary. "Biological inventory for conservation evaluation : a case study using avian assemblages from the eucalypt forests of South East Australia." Phd thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142324.
Повний текст джерела
44
Janse, Van Rensburg Berndt. "Avian diversity in Southern Africa : patterns, processes and conservation." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25947.
Повний текст джерела
45
Basto, Marta. "The use of stranded aquatic-associated bird surveys for plastic litter monitoring in Portugal." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/12260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plastics durability and persistence, combined with their high production and low
rates of recovery, are causing a net accumulation of plastic debris along shorelines,
surface waters, throughout the water column and in bottom sediments. Pollution by
plastic debris is an increasing environmental concern all around the globe, accounting for
up to 90% of marine debris. Wildlife has been severely impacted by plastic debris in
coastal and aquatic environments. Macroplastics (> 20 – 100 mm) pose a health risk to
several aquatic animals, including fish, turtles and birds, because of possible
entanglement and ingestion. When in the environment, macroplastic debris can brittle
and break through UV radiation, mechanical action and biodegradation into small sized
plastic particles, designated as microplastics (1 – 5 mm), that become more bioavailable
to organisms throughout the food web. However, microplastic debris can also reach
aquatic environments in their original form that were manufactured for particular
industrial or domestic applications, such as plastic particles used in exfoliating facial
scrubs, toothpastes and resin pellets used in plastic industry. Birds are top-predators,
exposed to all threats affecting these environments and this makes them ideal sentinel
organisms for monitoring ecosystem changes.
Considering the knowledge gap existing in southern Europe, in particular in
Portugal, about the use of stranded aquatic-associated bird surveys for plastic litter
monitoring, this study tries to fill this gap by: (1) set a baseline assessment of the
prevalence of plastic litter affecting multispecies populations of aquatic birds in Portugal
and (2) test if species, gender, age and condition of the birds influence type and quantity
of ingested plastics. In this study, the plastics accumulated in the stomachs of stranded
aquatic birds collected across the Portuguese territory will be quantified and
characterized.
A total of 310 birds samples comprising four species sourced from five different
wildlife rescue centres (Parque Biológico de Gaia, CERVAS, CERAS, LxCRAS and RIAS)
were collected and examined for the presence of plastic litter. Of these, 15.48% were
found to ingest plastic litter. The average number and mass of ingested plastics was 1.62
items per individuals and 0.0771 g, respectively. Results show that aquatic-associated
birds in Portugal do ingest plastic litter, as in many other countries in the world.
Monitoring plastic litter ingested by aquatic-associated birds has the potential to be a part of a wide monitoring programme that can help to inform mitigation and management
measures for aquatic litter.À medida que os plásticos se tornaram num produto indispensável no nosso quotidiano, a sua rápida produção tem sido consequentemente acompanhada por um aumento da acumulação de plásticos no meio ambiente. A durabilidade e persistência dos plásticos, combinada com a sua elevada produção e baixas taxas de recuperação, causam a acumulação de detritos plásticos ao longo das costas, águas superficiais, ao longo da coluna de água e sedimentos. A poluição por detritos plásticos é uma crescente preocupação ambiental em todo o mundo, representando cerca de 90% dos detritos marinhos. Devido ao uso excessivo e à eliminação inadequada de produtos plásticos, a vida selvagem tem sido severamente afetada pelos detritos plásticos em ambientes costeiros e aquáticos. Os macroplásticos (> 20 – 100 mm) representam uma ameaça para vários animais aquáticos, incluindo peixes, tartarugas e aves marinhas, devido à possibilidade de enredamento e ingestão. Quando no meio ambiente, os macroplásticos podem fragmentar-se através da radiação UV, ação mecânica e biodegradação em partículas plásticas mais pequenas, designadas de microplásticos (1 – 5 mm). Estas novas partículas tornam-se mais biodisponíveis para todos os organismos da cadeia alimentar e podem libertar substâncias químicas tóxicas durante o processo de degradação. As aves aquáticas são predadores expostos a todas as ameaças que afetam estes ambientes, tornando-os organismos sentinelas ideais para monitorizar mudanças nos ecossistemas.
46
Murata, Ryo. "Studies on the natural transmission cycle of West Nile virus and the antibody survey in birds." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2115/42812.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ウエストナイルウイルス（WNV）は蚊によって媒介される人獣共通感染症の原因ウイルスである。自然界では野鳥と蚊の間でウイルスの感染環が維持されている。ヒトやウマは髄膜炎や脳炎を発症し、重篤な症例では死に至る。1999年、ニューヨーク（NY）市で北米では初めてWNVが確認され、その後わずか数年でアメリカ合衆国全域に流行が拡大した。WNVは1990年代前半まで病原性の低いウイルスであると考えられてきたが、近年北米で流行している株はヒトやウマだけでなく自然宿主である鳥類に対しても強い病原性を示す。ヒト用の効果的なワクチンや治療法は未だ開発されておらず、WNVの生物学的・生態学的特性を明らかにすることが公衆衛生上重要である。現在WNVの分布域は北米大陸だけでなく、南米大陸およびロシアにおいても拡大しており、ウイルスが渡り鳥や物流を介して日本や東アジア諸国に侵入する危険がある。日本国内でのWNVの流行はまだ報告されていないが、日本にはWNVを媒介可能な蚊と増幅動物となる鳥類が多く生息し、またWNVに近縁で血清学的に交差反応を示す日本脳炎ウイルス（JEV）が常在している。JEVは豚だけでなく野鳥も宿主とすることから、日本や東アジアにWNVが侵入した場合、両ウイルスが野鳥に重感染する可能性がある。鳥類における両ウイルスの感染を鑑別可能な診断法の確立も急務である。これらの背景から以下の研究を行った。第一章では、WNVのエンベロープ（E）蛋白質上への糖鎖付加がウイルスの増殖に与える影響を調べた。多くの病原性の弱いWNV株はE蛋白質上にN型糖鎖付加部位を欠損しており、WNV NY株を含む近年の病原性の強いウイルス株は糖鎖付加部位を持つ。このことから、WNVの強毒化には糖鎖付加が関連している可能性がある。以前の研究で、WNV NY株からE蛋白質上にN型糖鎖付加部位を持つLP株と糖鎖付加部位を持たないSP株を単離した。LP株はSP株に比べてマウス末梢での増殖性が高く、神経侵襲性毒力も強いことが判明している。本研究では、WNVのE蛋白質上への糖鎖付加がウイルスの増殖および伝播に与える影響を明らかにすることを目的とした。自然宿主内でのLP株とSP株の増殖性や病原性を調べるために、鶏雛およびアカイエカを用いて感染実験を行った。LP株を接種した鶏雛ではほぼ全ての個体が死亡したが、SP株接種群では半数以上が生き残った。また、LP株を接種した個体にのみ重度の壊死性心筋炎が観察されたことから、LP株は鶏雛に対してSP株に比べて高い病原性を有することが判明した。鶏雛血清中のウイルス量を経時的に測定したところ、接種後1～7日目まで、LP株はSP株に比べて常に10倍以上高いウイルス血症を示した。一方でアカイエカにLP株とSP株を胸腔内接種または吸血感染させたところ、両株の間に増殖性の差は認められなかった。次に、各ウイルス株の増殖性を調べるために、WNVの宿主となる哺乳類、鳥類および蚊に由来する培養細胞を用いて経時的なウイルスの増殖性を調べた。哺乳類由来細胞（BHK）および鳥類由来細胞（QT6）において、高温培養条件下ではLP株がSP株より10倍以上高い増殖性を示した。しかし蚊由来細胞（C6/36）においては両株の増殖性に差は見られなかった。これらの結果から、WNVのE蛋白質上糖鎖付加はウイルスの増殖性、特に鳥類宿主における高いウイルス血症に関与していることが示唆された。鳥類内でのウイルス血症が高ければ、蚊は高率にWNVに感染するため、この糖鎖付加が自然界における効率的なWNV感染環成立に寄与しているのではないかと考えられた。第二章では、ウエストナイルウイルスの極東ロシアの野鳥における抗体調査を行った。アメリカ大陸だけでなくロシアでもWNVは検出されており、近年その分布域が拡大している。極東ロシアでのWNV流行状況は良く調べられていないが、もしこれらの地域にもWNVが分布しているならば、近接する東アジア諸国へとウイルスが侵入してくる危険性がある。日本を含む東アジアにはWNVに近縁で同じ日本脳炎ウイルス血清型群に属するJEVが常在している。両ウイルスは抗原的に交差反応性を示すため、血清診断による鑑別が難しい。本研究では、信頼性の高い血清診断法である中和試験を用いて両ウイルスの交差反応性を評価した。また、日本に近接する極東ロシアにおいて野鳥の疫学調査を行い、中和試験による血清中の抗WNV抗体の検出を試みた。中和試験の特異性を検討するため、2日齢の鶏雛にJEVもしくはWNVを皮下接種し、一部の個体には3週間後に他方のウイルスを重感染させた。JEVまたはWNVを単独感染させた鶏雛血清についてフォーカス減少法による中和試験を実施したところ、それぞれのウイルスに対する中和抗体を特異的に検出することができた。またJEVとWNVを重感染させた鶏雛では、どちらのウイルスを先に接種しても両ウイルスに対する中和抗体が検出されることが判った。次に、極東ロシアにおけるWNVの浸淫状況を把握するため、野鳥における血清疫学調査を行った。野鳥が多く生息し、渡り鳥の中継地となるハンカ湖やアニュイ川、ホル川で2005年8月と2006年8月に合計152羽の野鳥を捕獲した。回収した野鳥の腎臓からRNAを抽出し、Real-Time PCR法によってWNV遺伝子の検出を試みたが全て陰性であった。一方、中和試験を用いて野鳥血清中の抗体測定を行ったところ、145検体中21検体（14.5％）でWNVに対する中和抗体が検出された。WNVに対する抗体が検出された鳥類種はカモ目やチドリ目、ハト目に属し、WNV感染によって高いウイルス血症を生じることが知られているものであった。WNV抗体陽性検体についてはJEVに対する中和試験も実施したが、ほとんどの検体でJEVに対する中和抗体価よりもWNV中和抗体価が4倍以上高く、この中和試験の結果はJEVに対する交差反応によるものではないことが判った。これらWNV抗体陽性の野鳥には、留鳥であるドバトやキジバトが含まれ、極東ロシアの野鳥間でWNVが流行していることが示唆された。また、その他の野鳥は全て渡り鳥であるため、日本や東アジア諸国へのWNV侵入の危険性が高まっていると思われる。これらの結果から、今後もロシアやロシアに隣接する地域における疫学調査を継続していくことが重要であると考えられた。Hokkaido University (北海道大学)
博士
獣医学
47
Wu, Tzu-Te, and 吳子德. "A Survey Study on Diversity of Campus Plants and Birds Species at Kang Le Elementary School, Taitung City." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15450708874234774773.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作系所
100
A school campus has natural land, plants and animals, which is a compact ecosystem of its own. The plants not only make the campus green and beautiful, but also provide the venue for students to experience the ecology. In natural ecosystems, birds play an important role in maintaining ecological balance, so observation of birds can help understand the relationship between biology and environment. This study aims to investigate four observation areas, including the front yard area, Liquidambar area, playground area and composite ball-sport course at the Kangle Elementary School of Taitung City, and to explore the distribution and diversity of the campus plants and birds. Field observation was adopted to survey the campus plants, and the point-count method was used to survey the bird community. In the end, the biological diversity indexes were conducted to obtain the insight look at the composition of plant and bird species in these four observation areas. The study results show that Kangle Elementary School has 34 plant species in a total of 171 plants, with 16 native species out of 67 plants and 18 exotic species out of 104 plants. For birds, there are 14 species in a total of 662 point-counted birds during November 2010 to July 2011, of which there are 11 native species in 603 counted birds and 3 exotic species in 59 counted birds. Fruit-bearing plants with dense foliage have the most abundant birds observed. From the perspective of bird diversity, the playground has the highest index of bird diversity which is 0.803, while the composite ball-sport course has the lowest of 0.66. In terms of individual bird species, Taiwan Bulbul outnumbers other species in the bird diversity indexes, with an index of 0.156. The more statistical number of the formula increased, the diversity of certain bird was the greatest in different observation.
48
Young, Shih-min, and 楊仕閔. "The Study of Ectparasites of Wild Birds in Taiwan -- The Survey of Ectoparasite Fauna in Fushan, Kuanto and Wulai Area." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64402467208301268703.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
獸醫學系研究所
85
Abstract To investigate ectoparasite fauna of wild birds in Taiwan and to es tablish a local data set, 430 wild birds were examined for ectoparasites throu gh banding in Fushan, Kuanto and Wulai area during the time from 1996.8.24 til l 1997.3.30. The birds were included in 47 species, 15 families and 4 orders ( Passerinformes, Charadriiformes, Gruiformes and Coraciifromes). An average of 74.4 % (320/430) of birds were found habouring feather mites; 27% (116/430) ch ewing lice. 4 louse flies were detected from 3 gray-cheed fulvetta (Alcippe mo rrisonia) and 1 gould's fulvetta (Alcippe brunnea) ; 2 bird mites from 2 gray- cheeked fulvetta. After taxonomic works, 12 genera included in 6 families ( Analgidae, Avenzoariidae, Proctophyllodidae, Trouessartiidae and Xolalgidae) w ere represented from feather mites; 5 genera included in 2 families (Menoponid ae and Philopteridae) from chewing lice; 1 species (Ornithoica simplicis) from louse flies; 1 family (Macronyssidae) from bird mites. Statistical r esults appeared that there was a significant association between feather mites detection rate and the order of host, and so was there between chewing lice d etection rate and the order of host. The detection numbers of feather mites an d chewing lice both have significant differences in Charadriiformes and Passer informes. In the study of gray-cheeked fulvetta in Fusan area, detection rate of feather mites was highly associated with seasons, and the detection numbers were significantly different ifour seasons. But detection rate and numbers of chewing lice did not have such phenomenon. Thi s study has been the first local survey of ectoparasites of wild birds in Taiw an since 1965. The results of the study could serve as a reference of arthropo d-borne disease preventing, and be an important foundation for future studies.
49
Yang, Shi-Min, and 楊仕閔. "The Study of Ectparasites of Wild Birds in Taiwan -- The Survey of Ectoparasite Fauna in Fushan, Kuanto and Wulai Area." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67209954650827247385.
Повний текст джерела
50
Hsu, ChingLun, and 許靜侖. "A Survey on the Antibody Titer of Goose and Duck Parvovirus in Taiwan and the Study on the Distribution of Viruses in Infected Birds." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91225768885042565608.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
獸醫學系
89
Infections of Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) and goose parvovirus (GPV) are important diseases of waterfowls in Taiwan. These diseases not only lead to a high mortality in ducklings and goslings, but also cause growth retardation of adult birds and economic losses. Because no effective vaccination and rapid diagnosis method is available, these diseases impose a potential risk on waterfowls in Taiwan. The goal of this study is to understand the distribution of GPV and MDPV in infected birds, and to understand the antibody titers of GPV and MDPV in geese and ducks in Taiwan. We first collected and propagated GPV and MDPV isolated from recent years in Taiwan. We then infected mule ducks by GPV or MDPV by intranasal inoculation of 0.2 ml allantoic fluids containing GPV or MDPV. We examined the presence of virus in the infected birds by PCR. We found that viruses were present in the thymus, sinus nasalis, esophagus, and liver in the second week after infection. We also used E. coli expression system (pET32 system) to express the antigenic NS1 protein of GPV and MDPV. We found that ELISA plates coated with 40 ng of recombinant NS1 per well gave the best result for the detection of antibody against GPV and MDPV. By this ELISA, we examined the antibody titers against GPV and MDPV in sera collected from different areas of Taiwan. We found that the titer is low in birds from isolated islands (Kingman and Machu), probably due to the geographical separation of these islands from Taiwan. In comparison, the titer is relatively high in southern counties of Taiwan (Jaiyi, Tainan, Kaoshun, and Pington), probably because the conduction of traditional vaccination program has been disregarded in recent years. We conclude that the recombinant NS1 ELISA established in this study might save as an important tool for the diagnosis of GPV and MDPV infections in Taiwan.