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Статті в журналах з теми "Biphasic metal"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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1

Hirsch, Arthur, Hadrien O. Michaud, Aaron P. Gerratt, Séverine de Mulatier, and Stéphanie P. Lacour. "Biphasic Metal Films: Intrinsically Stretchable Biphasic (Solid-Liquid) Thin Metal Films (Adv. Mater. 22/2016)." Advanced Materials 28, no. 22 (June 2016): 4506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201670153.

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2

Lopez-Perez, Manuel J. "Aqueous biphasic separations biomolecules to metal ions." Journal of Chromatography A 742, no. 1-2 (August 1996): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(96)00427-x.

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3

Hirsch, Arthur, Hadrien O. Michaud, Aaron P. Gerratt, Séverine de Mulatier, and Stéphanie P. Lacour. "Intrinsically Stretchable Biphasic (Solid-Liquid) Thin Metal Films." Advanced Materials 28, no. 22 (February 29, 2016): 4507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201506234.

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4

Karmakar, Rajib, and Kamalika Sen. "Aqueous biphasic extraction of metal ions: An alternative technology for metal regeneration." Journal of Molecular Liquids 273 (January 2019): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.036.

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5

David, Romain, and Norihisa Miki. "Synthesis of sub-micrometer biphasic Au–AuGa2/liquid metal frameworks." Nanoscale 11, no. 44 (2019): 21419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr05551g.

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6

Won, Eun-Seo, and Jong-Won Lee. "Biphasic Solid Electrolytes with Homogeneous Li-Ion Transport Pathway Enabled By Metal-Organic Frameworks." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 55 (July 7, 2022): 2248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01552248mtgabs.

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Solid-state batteries based on nonflammable inorganic solid electrolytes provide a promising technical solution that can resolve the safety issues of current lithium-ion batteries. Biphasic solid electrolytes comprising Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnet and polymer have been attracting significant interest for solid-state Li batteries because of their mechanical robustness and enhanced Li+ conductivity, compared to conventional polymer electrolytes. Furthermore, the hybridization allows for the fabrication of thin and large-area electrolyte membranes without the need for high-temperature sintering of LLZO. However, the non-uniform distribution of LLZO particles and polymer species in biphasic electrolytes may cause uneven Li+ conduction, which results in poor interfacial stability with electrodes during repeated charge–discharge cycling. In this study, we report a biphasic solid electrolyte with homogeneous Li+ transport pathway achieved by a metal–organic framework (MOF) layer. To regulate and homogenize the Li+ flux across the interface between the electrolyte and electrode, a free-standing, biphasic solid electrolyte membrane is integrated with the MOF nanoparticle layer. A mixture of plastic crystal (PC) and polymeric phase is infused into porous networks of the MOF-integrated electrolyte membrane, producing the percolating Li+ conduction pathways. The MOF-integrated electrolyte membrane is found to form the smooth and uniform interface with nanoporous channels in contact with the electrodes, effectively facilitating homogeneous Li+ transport. A solid-state battery with the MOF-integrated electrolyte membrane shows the enhanced rate-capability and cycling stability in comparison to the battery with the unmodified biphasic electrolyte. This study demonstrates that the proposed electrolyte design provides an effective approach to improving the interfacial stability of biphasic electrolytes with electrodes for long-cycling solid-state batteries. [1] H.-S. Shin, W. Jeong, M.-H. Ryu, S.W. Lee, K.-N. Jung, J.-W. Lee, Electrode-to-electrode monolithic integration for high-voltage bipolar solid-state batteries based on plastic-crystal polymer electrolyte, Chem. Eng. J, published online. [2] T. Jiang, P. He, G. Wang, Y. Shen, C.-W. Nan, L.-Z. Fan, Solvent-free synthesis of thin, flexible, nonflammable garnet-based composite solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries, Adv. Energy Mater. 10 (2020) 1903376.

7

GRUSHIN, V., and H. ALPER. "ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Metal-Catalyzed Biphasic Reactions." ChemInform 27, no. 22 (August 5, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199622249.

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8

Sinoimeri, Eris, Victor Maia Fernandes, Jérôme Cognard, Jorge Fernando Brandão Pereira, Lenka Svecova, Ismaël Guillotte, and Isabelle Billard. "Uncommon biphasic behaviour induced by very high metal ion concentrations in HCl/H2O/[P44414]Cl and HCl/H2O/PEG-600 systems." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 40 (2020): 23226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp03689g.

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Large amounts of Fe(iii) or Fe(ii) strongly modify the biphasic behavior of the system P₄₄₄₁₄Cl/HCl/H₂O while large amounts of Fe(iii) induce a biphasic regime for the mixture PEG-600/HCl/H₂O.

9

Depuydt, Daphne, Arne Van den Bossche, Wim Dehaen, and Koen Binnemans. "Metal extraction with a short-chain imidazolium nitrate ionic liquid." Chemical Communications 53, no. 38 (2017): 5271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc01685a.

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The ionic liquid 1,3-dihexylimidazolium nitrate shows temperature-dependent phase behavior of the UCST-type. The biphasic system efficiently separates rare earths from 1st row transition metals, relevant for recycling of batteries (La/Ni) and permanent magnets (Sm/Co).

10

El-Hosainy, Hamza, Said El-Sheikh, Adel Ismail, Amer Hakki, Ralf Dillert, Hamada Killa, Ibrahim Ibrahim, and Detelf Bahnemann. "Highly Selective Photocatalytic Reduction of o-Dinitrobenzene to o-Phenylenediamine over Non-Metal-Doped TiO2 under Simulated Solar Light Irradiation." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (December 9, 2018): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120641.

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Photocatalytic reduction and hydrogenation reaction of o-dinitrobenzene in the presence of oxalic acid over anatase-brookite biphasic TiO2 and non-metal-doped anatase-brookite biphasic TiO2 photocatalysts under solar simulated light was investigated. Compared with commercial P25 TiO2, the prepared un-doped and doped anatase-brookite biphasic TiO2 exhibited a high selectivity towards the formation of o-nitroaniline (85.5%) and o-phenylenediamine ~97%, respectively. The doped anatase-brookite biphasic TiO2 has promoted photocatalytic reduction of the two-nitro groups of o-dinitrobenzene to the corresponding o-phenylenediamine with very high yield ~97%. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, Transient Absorption Spectroscopy (TAS) and Photoluminescence analysis (PL) were performed to determine the distribution of defects and the fluorescence lifetime of the charge carriers for un-doped and doped photocatalysts. The superiority of the doped TiO2 photocatalysts is accredited to the creation of new dopants (C, N, and S) as hole traps, the formation of long-lived Ti3+ defects which leads to an increase in the fluorescence lifetime of the formed charge carriers. The schematic diagram of the photocatalytic reduction of o-dinitrobenzene using the doped TiO2 under solar light was also illustrated in detail.

11

Wang, Kai, Zhen-Guo Wu, Georgian Melinte, Zu-Guang Yang, Abhishek Sarkar, Weibo Hua, Xiaoke Mu, et al. "Preparation of intergrown P/O-type biphasic layered oxides as high-performance cathodes for sodium ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 22 (2021): 13151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta00627d.

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P/O intergrown biphasic sodium cathode materials with improved electrochem. properties were prepared. TEM revealed a semi-coherent interface with uniform oxidation state but different metal concentrations balancing sodium concentration differences.

12

Jiang, Xiaowu, Yanjing Luo, Zhen Li, Lifen Zhang, Zhenping Cheng, and Xiulin Zhu. "Thermoregulated phase transfer catalysis in aqueous/organic biphasic system: facile and highly efficient ATRP catalyst separation and recycling in situ using typical alkyl halide as initiator." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 35 (2015): 6394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py00953g.

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13

Schulz, Göran, and Andreas Kirschning. "Metal free decarboxylative aminoxylation of carboxylic acids using a biphasic solvent system." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 19, no. 1 (2021): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ob01773f.

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The oxidative radical decarboxylation of carboxylic acids with TEMPO as radical scavenger in a biphasic solvent system is reported which is successfully used in a new synthetic approach for the antidepressants indatraline.

14

Hajalilou, Abdollah, André F. Silva, Pedro Alhais Lopes, Elahe Parvini, Carmel Majidi, and Mahmoud Tavakoli. "Biphasic Liquid Metal Composites for Sinter‐Free Printed Stretchable Electronics." Advanced Materials Interfaces 9, no. 5 (January 5, 2022): 2101913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.202101913.

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15

Mhadgut, Shilpa C., Kumaranand Palaniappan, Muralidhara Thimmaiah, Stephen A. Hackney, Béla Török, and Jian Liu. "A metal nanoparticle-based supramolecular approach for aqueous biphasic reactions." Chemical Communications, no. 25 (2005): 3207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b502181b.

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16

Rogers, Robin D., Andrew H. Bond, and Cary B. Bauer. "Metal Ion Separations in Polyethylene Glycol-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems." Separation Science and Technology 28, no. 5 (April 1993): 1091–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399308018023.

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17

Mohammed, Wadood Taher, and Ahmed Salih Mahdi. "Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Metal Ions Using Aqueous Biphasic Systems." Journal of Engineering 18, no. 09 (July 21, 2023): 989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2012.09.01.

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An investigation was conducted for the study of extraction of metal ions using aqueous biphasic systems. The extraction of iron, zinc and copper from aqueous sulphate media at different kinds of extractants SCN− , Cl- and I- , different values of pH of the feed solution, phase ratio, concentration of metals, concentration of extractant, concentration of polymer, and concentration of salt was investigated. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure the concentration of iron, zinc and copper in the aqueous phase throughout the experiments. The results of the extraction experiments showed the use of SCN− as extractant, pH=2.5, phase ratio=1.5, concentration of metals 1g/l, concentration of extractant 0.06 %, concentration of polymer =50 %, and concentration of salt=20% gave the highest value of percent removed. Also increase of extractant concentration increases the percent removed. The results clarified that increasing the metal ions concentration in the aqueous phase causes to decease the percent removed. The addition of an inorganic salt (sodium sulphate) up to (20%) increased the dehydration of polymer chains and then increases the percent removed.

18

Li, Qiang, Chang-Qiu Zhao, Tieqiao Chen, and Li-Biao Han. "Direct phosphorylation of benzylic C–H bonds under transition metal-free conditions forming sp³C–P bonds." RSC Advances 12, no. 29 (2022): 18441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra02812c.

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Direct phosphorylation of benzylic C–H bonds with secondary phosphine oxides was first realized. The reaction was performed in organo/aqueous biphasic system and under transition metal-free conditions, proceeding via the cross dehydrogenative coupling.

19

Čermák, Jan, Magdalena Kvíčalová, and Vratislav Blechta. "Nickel(0) and Palladium(0) Complexes with 1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphaadamantane. Catalysis of Buta-1,3-diene Oligomerization or Telomerization in an AqueousBiphasic System." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 62, no. 2 (1997): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19970355.

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New homoleptic nickel(0) and palladium(0) complexes with a water-soluble ligand, 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane, were prepared and characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectra. The complexes, together with the known analogous Ni(0) and Pd(0) complexes with tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine, were found to be catalysts for buta-1,3-diene oligomerization or telomerization with water in an aqueous biphasic system without a cosolvent or a modifier. Tetrakis[tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine]nickel (7) preferentially catalyzes oligomerization (both linear and cyclic) in the first example of a nickel-catalyzed buta-1,3-diene oligomerization in an aqueous biphasic system. Palladium complexes give telomers or linear oligomers in quantitative yields. In the case of the triazaphosphaadamantane complex 4, high selectivity to octadienyl ethers (87%) was observed. High values of metal leaching into the product phase in these reactions suggest an easy extraction of starting or intermediate metal complexes caused by the fact that both monomer and products are good ligands for the metal complexes in this particular case.

20

Pagar, Nitin S., and Raj M. Deshpande. "Hydroformylation of Higher Olefins in Aqueous Biphasic Medium Using Rhodium-Sulfoxantphos Catalyst: Activity and Selectivity Study." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 8 (2020): 2061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22735.

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Hydroformylation of higher olefins such as 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene and 1-dodecene has been studied in an aqueous biphasic medium using water-soluble Rh-sulfoxantphos complex catalyst. The effect of temperature, presence of various co-solvents and concentration of co-solvent on the reaction rate and chemo and regioselectivity was investigated. N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) was found to be the best co-solvent, which enhances the rate dramatically (4-96 fold) as compared to the reactions in aqueous-organic biphasic medium for hydroformylation of higher olefins. Catalyst recycle study was performed to check the leaching of metal in organic phase.

21

Ramesh, Thimmasandra Narayan. "Effect of Substituents on the Electrochemical Reversible Discharge Capacity of Cobalt Hydroxide Electrodes." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 18, no. 2 (May 30, 2015): 091–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v18i2.375.

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Cobalt hydroxide, nickel hydroxide-cobalt hydroxide and zinc oxide-cobalt hydroxide biphasic mixtures were prepared by precipitation method. In spite of structural similarities exhibited by nickel hydroxide and cobalt hydroxide samples, former is a good electrode material and exchanges 1e-/Ni while latter does not show any reversibility. Presence of small amount of other metal ions such as nickel or zinc in the lattice of cobalt hydroxide or as a biphasic mixture of cobalt hydroxide-nickel hydroxide/cobalt hydroxide- zinc oxide, exchange up to 0.2 to 0.24e- exchange compared to pure cobalt hydroxide which shows 0.1 e- exchange.

22

Lee, Yangwoo, Kubra Akyildiz, Chanmi Kang, Ju-Hee So, and Hyung-Jun Koo. "The Dielectrophoretic Alignment of Biphasic Metal Fillers for Thermal Interface Materials." Polymers 15, no. 24 (December 8, 2023): 4653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15244653.

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Pad-type thermal interface materials (TIMs) with composite structures are required to exhibit high thermal conductivity while maintaining conformal contact with the heat sink, which is strongly influenced by the type and content of the thermally conductive filler. This study presents that biphasic metal particles can be effectively aligned using the dielectrophoretic chaining (DEP-C) mechanism, thereby enhancing the thermal conductivity of a pad-type TIM. A eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) alloy liquid metal and solid copper were used as the filler materials with two different phases. The biphasic metal particle mixture of EGaIn and Cu (EGaIn-Cu) were better aligned by DEP-C than when they presented individually because fusion between the two particles increased the effective size. As expected, the thermal conductivity of the TIM composites increased when DEP-C aligned the filler. Notably, TIMs with both EGaIn-Cu fillers showed the largest increase in thermal conductivity, of up to 64.6%, and the highest thermal conductivity values after DEP-C application compared to TIMs with only the EGaIn or Cu filler. Finally, the heat dissipation performance of the TIM composite on a lit light-emitting diode is shown, where the TIM with DEP-C-aligned fillers exhibits improved performance.

23

Patel, Bhargav C., Devyani R. Tipre, and Shailesh R. Dave. "Biphasic Leaching Operation for the GMDC Polymetallic Bulk Concentrate." Advanced Materials Research 828 (November 2013): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.828.117.

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A biphasic leaching operation was employed for the extraction of copper and zinc from the GMDC polymetallic bulk concentrate (PBC). Biogenerated ferric was used in cyclic manner for fed batch metal extractions from the PBC for four cycles under the pre-optimized conditions. Zn extraction was gradually decreased with each succeeding fed-batch cycle and it resulted in 67.89, 62.46, 47.37 and 14.74% of Zn extraction in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cycle respectively. In case of copper the extraction pattern was 86.63, 81.98, 75.58 and 46.51% Cu extraction in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cycle respectively. The leachate generated in each cycle was added in 15.0 L down flow packed bed column reactor having biofilm of developed consortium SR-BH-L for the ferrous bioregeneration and the obtained maximum IOR was 2650 mg/L/h. Overall results indicated that use of bioregenerated ferric iron from the leachate yielded as high as 52.2 and 2.6 g/L Zn and Cu respectively in the solution at the end of 4th cycle. This metal concentration in the leachate is quite acceptable for economical solvent extraction process.

24

Peng, Yang, Xianghua Li, Tian Gao, Teng Li, and Weiran Yang. "Preparation of 5-methylfurfural from starch in one step by iodide mediated metal-free hydrogenolysis." Green Chemistry 21, no. 15 (2019): 4169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc01645g.

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Starch is available in large quantities and at cheap price, especially that from stale rice, root and tuber crops, etc. A metal-free approach to convert starch to 5-methylfurfural using HCl, NaI and H₂ in a biphasic solvent system has been developed.

25

Stockmann, Tom J., Anne-Marie Montgomery, and Zhifeng Ding. "Formal transfer potentials of strontium and uranyl ions at water|1,2-dichloroethane interfaces." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 90, no. 10 (October 2012): 836–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v2012-068.

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The extraction of dioxouranium (UO22+), or uranyl, and strontium (Sr2+) ions from spent nuclear fuel (SNF), often through a biphasic (aqueous / organic solvent) ligand assisted process, is critical for the implementation of a closed-loop nuclear fuel cycle whereby SNF is diverted from permanent geological disposal and the life of the nuclear industry is extended. Deeper understanding of the biphasic extraction process can be achieved through facile electrochemical experiments at a liquid|liquid interface. Of primary importance to developing a quantitative analysis of the ligand assisted or facilitated ion transfer (FIT) (i.e., transfer through interfacial complexation) case is to first quantify the free or simple metal IT; that is the amount of applied potential required to “push” ions across the water|organic interface. This value is, in fact, a constant referred to as the formal transfer potential ([Formula: see text]), which is unique to each metal ion in the biphasic system. Because of their hydrophilicity they often limit the polarizable potential window. Values for [Formula: see text], for the most part, have only been estimated. With a microinterface housed at the tip of a 25 µm capillary it is possible to reduce the Faradaic current to observe their transfer. Herein is described the quantification of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] or the formal transfer potentials for dioxouranium and strontium ions, respectively.

26

Li, Hui, Xun Cao, Yuanyuan Lu, Yan Ni, Xin Wang, Qiuhao Lu, Ganlu Li, Kequan Chen, Pingkai Ouyang та Weimin Tan. "Alkaline Modification of a Metal–Enzyme–Surfactant Nanocomposite to Enhance the Production of L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine". Catalysts 9, № 3 (4 березня 2019): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9030237.

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Microenvironment modification within nanoconfinement can maximize the catalytic activity of enzymes. Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) has been used as the biocatalyst to produce high value L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-α-GPC) through hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC). We successfully developed a simple co-precipitation method to encapsulate PLA1 in a metal–surfactant nanocomposite (MSNC), then modified it using alkalescent 2-Methylimidazole (2-Melm) to promote catalytic efficiency in biphasic systems. The generated 2-Melm@PLA1/MSNC showed higher catalytic activity than PLA1/MSNC and free PLA1. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed a typical spherical structure of 2-Melm@PLA1/MSNC at about 50 nm, which was smaller than that of 2-Melm@MSNC. Energy disperse spectroscopy, N2 adsorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy proved that 2-Melm successfully modified PLA1/MSNC. The generated 2-Melm@PLA1/MSNC showed a high catalytic rate per unit enzyme mass of 1.58 μmol mg-1 min-1 for the formation of L-α-GPC. The 2-Melm@PLA1/MSNC also showed high thermal stability, pH stability, and reusability in a water–hexane biphasic system. The integration of alkaline and amphiphilic properties of a nanocomposite encapsulating PLA1 resulted in highly efficient sequenced reactions of acyl migration and enzymatic hydrolysis at the interface of a biphasic system, which cannot be achieved by free enzyme.

27

Schilling, Michael, and Daniel R. Knapp. "Enrichment of Phosphopeptides Using Biphasic Immobilized Metal Affinity-Reversed Phase Microcolumns." Journal of Proteome Research 7, no. 9 (September 5, 2008): 4164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr800120f.

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28

Ahn, Wha Seung, Yaping Zhong, Cameron F. Abrams, P. K. Lim, and Phillip A. Brown. "Biphasic Autoxidation of Tetralin Catalyzed by Surface-Active Transition Metal Complexes†." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 101, no. 4 (January 1997): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp9627234.

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29

Guo, Zhe, Jonathan G. Huddleston, Robin D. Rogers, and Gary C. April. "Reaction Parameter Effects on Metal-Salt-Catalyzed Aqueous Biphasic Pulping Systems." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 42, no. 2 (January 2003): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie020364v.

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30

Wu, Yun‐hui, Zhi‐fu Deng, Ze‐fei Peng, Rong‐min Zheng, Shu‐qi Liu, Shu‐ting Xing, Jun‐yun Li, De‐qun Huang, and Lan Liu. "A Novel Strategy for Preparing Stretchable and Reliable Biphasic Liquid Metal." Advanced Functional Materials 29, no. 36 (July 8, 2019): 1903840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201903840.

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31

Vargas, Silvia J. R., Helena Passos, Nicolas Schaeffer, and João A. P. Coutinho. "Integrated Leaching and Separation of Metals Using Mixtures of Organic Acids and Ionic Liquids." Molecules 25, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 5570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235570.

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In this work, the aqueous phase diagram for the mixture of the hydrophilic tributyltetradecyl phosphonium ([P44414]Cl) ionic liquid with acetic acid (CH3COOH) is determined, and the temperature dependency of the biphasic region established. Molecular dynamic simulations of the [P44414]Cl + CH3COOH + H2O system indicate that the occurrence of a closed “type 0” biphasic regime is due to a “washing-out” phenomenon upon addition of water, resulting in solvophobic segregation of the [P44414]Cl. The solubility of various metal oxides in the anhydrous [P44414]Cl + CH3COOH system was determined, with the system presenting a good selectivity for CoO. Integration of the separation step was demonstrated through the addition of water, yielding a biphasic regime. Finally, the [P44414]Cl + CH3COOH system was applied to the treatment of real waste, NiMH battery black mass, being shown that it allows an efficient separation of Co(II) from Ni(II), Fe(III) and the lanthanides in a single leaching and separation step.

32

Vashishtha, Manu, Manish Mishra, and Dinesh O. Shah. "Organobase catalysis using 1-(2-pyrimidyl)piperazine in micellar medium: an approach for better performance and reusability of organobase." Green Chemistry 18, no. 5 (2016): 1339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc01966d.

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An efficient and reusable organobase–surfactant micellar catalytic system was formulated for alkali/metal free base catalysis. The 1-(2-pyrimidyl) piperazine (2-PP) base solubilized in the SDS micellar system was demonstrated to be higher in activity as compared to the neat/biphasic/cationic micellar system for the Knoevenagel condensation.

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Ansari, Seraj A., Prasanta K. Mohapatra, Willem Verboom, and Linfeng Rao. "Thermodynamics of biphasic lanthanide extraction by tripodal diglycolamide: a solution calorimetry study." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 43 (2016): 17216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt03380f.

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34

Carreira, Ana R. F., Helena Passos, Nicolas Schaeffer, Lenka Svecova, Nicolas Papaiconomou, Isabelle Billard, and João A. P. Coutinho. "Factors driving metal partition in ionic liquid-based acidic aqueous biphasic systems." Separation and Purification Technology 299 (October 2022): 121720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121720.

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35

Rajbongshi, Biju Mani, and Anil Verma. "Plasmonic noble metal coupled biphasic TiO2 electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell." Materials Letters 232 (December 2018): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.08.114.

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36

Grushin, Vladimir V., and Howard Alper. "An exceptionally simple biphasic method for the metal catalysed carbonylation of chloroarenes." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 8 (1992): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39920000611.

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37

ROGERS, R. D., A. H. BOND, and C. B. BAUER. "ChemInform Abstract: Metal Ion Separations in Polyethylene Glycol Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems." ChemInform 24, no. 10 (August 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199310331.

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38

Ramesh, Thimmasandra Narayan, and Theeta Lakshamaiah Madhu. "Thermal Decomposition Studies of Layered Metal Hydroxynitrates (Metal: Cu, Zn, Cu/Co, and Zn/Co)." International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2015 (January 27, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/536470.

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Layered metal hydroxynitrates and mixed metal hydroxynitrates (copper/cobalt hydroxynitrates and zinc/cobalt hydroxynitrates at different mole ratios) were synthesized by hydrolysis of urea and metal nitrates at 140°C. Layered metal hydroxyl nitrates derive their structure from brucite mineral and generally crystallize in hexagonal and monoclinic phases. Isothermal decomposition studies of Cu2(OH)3(NO3), Co2(OH)3(NO3), Cu1.5Co0.5(OH)3(NO3), Cu1.34Co0.66(OH)3(NO3), Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2(H2O)2, Zn3.75Co1.25(OH)8(NO3)2(H2O)2, and Zn3.35Co1.65(OH)8(NO3)2(H2O)2 samples were carried out at different intervals of temperature and the structural transformations during the process were monitored using powder X-ray diffractograms. Biphasic mixture of metal hydroxynitrate/metal oxide is observed in case of cobalt/zinc based layered hydroxynitrates, while copper hydroxynitrate or copper/cobalt metal hydroxynitrate decomposes in a single step. The decomposition temperatures of layered metal hydroxynitrates and mixed layered metal hydroxides depend on the method of preparation, their composition and the nature of metal ion, and their coordination.

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Elekwa, C. A., C. N. Ukwu, P. E. Agbo, and O. C. Ozibo. "Effect of substrate temperature on some optical properties of SnO:ZnS4, SnO:CoS4 SnO:CuS4 and SnO:Cr3+ thin films deposited using spray pyrolysis technique." Chalcogenide Letters 19, no. 4 (April 11, 2022): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2022.194.241.

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Tin oxide (SnO) thin films is one of the most extremely studied oxides because of its usefulness in UV-detector. SnO is known for wide bandgap of 3.6eV which makes it a good candidate for window layers in heterjunction solar cells. Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) exhibits unique properties such as high conversion efficiency, good absorption coefficient and good bandgap energy which make their thin films versatile as a coating materials. Spray pyrolysis have been used to deposit SnO (core), SnO/ZnS, SnO/CrS, SnO/CoS and SnO/CuS (biphasic) at 0.1M concentration and different substrate temperatures of 100oC, 150oC and 200oC. The effect of varying substrate temperatures on the optical and structural properties of the SnO (core) and SnO/TMCs (biphasic) films were examined and analysed. The result showed that the optical transmittance decreased with increase in substrate temperature for SnO (core). The result showed that the absorbance of the SnO thin films at various substrate temperatures vary from 0.10 – 0.7. For the biphasic films, SnO/ZnS, SnO/CrS, SnO/CoS and SnO/CuS the absorbance decreases in the neighbourhood of 300nm-350nm, increases from 350nm-600nm and decreases between 600-100nm for the different substrate temperature of 100oC, 150oC and 200oC. The reflectance spectra of SnO films were found fluctuating between maxima and minima while biphasic films altered the reflectance which showed very low reflectance as observed. The bandgap energy for SnO are 2.00eV, 2.10eV, and 2.20eV at 100oC, 150oC and 200oC substrate temperature. The energy band gap increased with substrate temperature. Whereas for biphasic films, the bandgap was in the neighourhood of 1.10eV1.60eV for the different substrate temperature. The extinction coefficient (k) of SnO films increased with increase in substrate temperature while in biphasic films, the extinction coefficient showed significant reduction in magnitude irrespective of the substrate temperature. The refractive index of all the film samples were generally low irrespective of the substrate temperature. The films:SnO and biphasic displayed low value of dielectric constant irrespective of the substrate temperature. The result equally reveals that the optical conductivity for SnO decreases with increase in the substrate temperature.

40

Zuo, Miao, Zheng Li, Yetao Jiang, Xing Tang, Xianhai Zeng, Yong Sun, and Lu Lin. "Green catalytic conversion of bio-based sugars to 5-chloromethyl furfural in deep eutectic solvent, catalyzed by metal chlorides." RSC Advances 6, no. 32 (2016): 27004–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra00267f.

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5-Chloromethylfurfural (5-CMF) was effectively prepared from fructose and other carbohydrates in a biphasic reaction system, which was composed of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and deep eutectic solvent (DES) with catalyst of AlCl₃·6H₂O.

41

Zhang, Yanmei, Xiang Zhang, Rixia Bai, Xiyan Hou, and Jun Li. "Interface-Active Metal Organic Frameworks for Knoevenagel Condensations in Water." Catalysts 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8080315.

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It is desirable but challenging to locate solid catalysts at the oil-water interface to stabilize “Pickering emulsions”, which is one of the promising ways to develop efficient green chemical processes. Herein, water-stable metal organic framework ZIF-8 without any chemical modification was demonstrated to be an interface-active catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation in a biphasic system. Pickering emulsion formed under the reaction conditions due to its amphiphilic property, which was beneficial to the mass transfer and led to high catalytic performance. Moreover, it can be repeatedly applied for Knoevenagel condensation for at least six successive cycles without losing its catalytic activity and framework integrity.

42

Sikdar, Anirban, Abhisek Majumdar, Abhijit Gogoi, Pronoy Dutta, Munu Borah, Soumen Maiti, Chiranjib Gogoi, K. Anki Reddy, Youngtak Oh, and Uday Narayan Maiti. "Diffusion driven nanostructuring of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for graphene hydrogel based tunable heterostructures: highly active electrocatalysts for efficient water oxidation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 12 (2021): 7640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta09077h.

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Double-stage molecular diffusion control is achieved in an ‘organic-graphene hydrogel’ biphasic system to yield tunable MOF-based functional hydrogel-hybrids, with excellent water oxidation performance (with a low onset potential and Tafel slope of 44.3 mV dec⁻¹).

43

Liu, Xiao, Xiaosheng Song, Zhijie Guo, Tengfei Bian, Jin Zhang, and Yong Zhao. "Biphasic Electrolyte Inhibiting the Shuttle Effect of Redox Molecules in Lithium‐Metal Batteries." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, no. 30 (June 22, 2021): 16360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202104003.

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44

Riva, Julieta S., Hubert H. Girault, and Astrid J. Olaya. "Water photo-oxidation on self-assembled organic/Co3O4 metal junctions in biphasic systems." Electrochimica Acta 414 (May 2022): 140166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140166.

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45

Wang, Yingyong, Chao Zhang, Meiming Luo, Hua Chen, and Xianjun Li. "Hydroaminomethylation of high alkenes with dual-metal catalysts in aqueous/organic biphasic system." Arkivoc 2008, no. 11 (March 25, 2008): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0009.b16.

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46

Dupont, Jairton, Gledison S. Fonseca, Alexandre P. Umpierre, Paulo F. P. Fichtner, and Sergio R. Teixeira. "Transition-Metal Nanoparticles in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids: Recycable Catalysts for Biphasic Hydrogenation Reactions." Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, no. 16 (April 2002): 4228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja025818u.

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47

Wei, Yanhui, Di Sun, Daqiang Yuan, Yongjun Liu, Yi Zhao, Xiyou Li, Suna Wang, et al. "Pb(ii) metal–organic nanotubes based on cyclodextrins: biphasic synthesis, structures and properties." Chemical Science 3, no. 7 (2012): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2sc20187a.

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48

Zhang, Martin Yi, Chang Ye, Uriel Joseph Erasquin, Toan Huynh, Chengzhi Cai, and Gary J. Cheng. "Laser Engineered Multilayer Coating of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate/Titanium Nanocomposite on Metal Substrates." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 3, no. 2 (January 5, 2011): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am100962m.

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49

Chung, Y. M., K. K. Kang, W. S. Ahn, and P. K. Lim. "Homogeneous and biphasic autoxidation of tetralin catalyzed by transition metal salts and complexes." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 137, no. 1-3 (January 1999): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(98)00080-6.

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50

Lerda, Donata, and Enrico Borgarello. "Metal extraction from an oil matrix use of a temperature-sensitive biphasic system." Colloids and Surfaces 48 (January 1990): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6622(90)80235-v.

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