Дисертації з теми "Bioraffineries"
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Ba, Birome Holo. "Modélisation et optimisation de chaines d'approvisionnement en biomasses pour des bioraffineries." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe research works of this thesis address the problem of modeling and optimizing biomass supply chains for biorefineries. Indeed, efficient supply chains are essential to provide conversion facilities with sufficient quantities of quality biomass at reasonable prices. The problem is described and modeled.A network model and a data model are developed to allow to describe the structure of the supply chain and its data, without affecting the underlying mathematical model. The latter is a mixed-integer linear programming that combines for the first time various aspects, either original or tackled separately in the literature. For given refinery needs, its exact resolution by CPLEX specifies the logistic activities in the network (amounts harvested, baled, transported, stored etc.) and the necessary equipment, in order to minimize a total cost including harvesting costs, transport costs and storage costs. Case studies are described to illustrate this multi-biomass and multi-period tactical planning model.A more compact model is also elaborated to cope with large-scale instances. It is illustrated using a real case study for a bio-refinery planned near Compiègne, France.Finally, the developments conducted for the implementation of a prototype of decision-support application are presented and recommendations for coming to a commercial software are proposed
Ben, Daya Bechir. "Planification soutenable des investissements bioénergétiques : intégration des bioraffineries aux pâtes et papiers." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30335.
Повний текст джерелаThe Canadian pulp and paper sector has played a major socio-economic role in the last two centuries. In addition to the advantage of their geographical position, P&P companies have accumulated proven experience in the forest industry, including the treatment of wood biomass. Over the last three decades, these entities have faced difficult environmental constraints, compounded by a chronic market crisis. This latest crisis has had unprecedented social consequences leading to a crisis of sustainability. Over the last decade, the green energy industry has become a basic component of the energy transition strategies for developed countries. Biomass has always been at the heart of such a strategy for Canada. For the P&P, this orientation is an opportunity to solve the growing environmental and economic crisis of the sector. Decision-makers need a road map to transform P&P's factories into an Integrated Forest Biorefinery (IFBR). The choice of technologies, the sizing of production capacity and the choice of bioenergy investment are major concerns for decision-makers. However, assessing the sustainability of this transformation remains a major challenge. Our contribution is focused on developing decision support approaches and tools to support an effective, robust and sustainable transformation of Canada's P&P industry. The objective is to assess the sustainability of the IFBR integration and to present a new business model to decision-makers, which can strengthen their ability to negotiate a favorable incentive policy for bioenergy investments within the framework of the public-private partnership. To achieve this goal, our methodology combines decision support tools, mathematical optimization models, along with financial and economic analysis. Our first contribution proposes the design and application of a sustainability evaluation method integrating the life cycle approach and the optimization of the value creation network as part of a multi-objective mathematical model. The proposed model provides a roadmap for sustainable bioenergy investments, minimizing GHG emissions and maximizing the financial value of the biorefinery over a long-term planning horizon while ensuring optimal management of the incubator activity. In the second contribution, we present a sensitivity analysis of the proposed mathematical model according to well selected scenarios, with the development of a framework for communicating the model to the decision-makers. The purpose of this analysis is to assess the robustness of the model, to communicate to stakeholders the implications of investment choices in bioenergy production in an uncertain environment, and to identify opportunities for improving the effectiveness of the proposed model. In the third contribution, we propose an in-depth tax analysis using accelerated depreciation methods applied to investments in bioenergy. This analysis deals with the impact of the types of depreciations on the choice of bioenergy investment and on sustainability. Our goal is to provide decision makers with a set of decision support tools while strengthening their power to negotiate a tax policy favorable to bioenergy investment. In this part, it was highlighted that the choice of the investment coupled with the choice of its depreciation way offers the investor a more complete visibility on the practical consequences of the investment in the bioenergetics field with respect to prevalent tax legislation. This reinforces the public-private partnership and determines the level of public interventionism needed for the success of the expected transformation of the P&P sector. The social impact analysis and stochastic programming approaches for the robust study were not addressed by this work, they were presented as research perspectives.
Tolod, Kristine. "Photocatalyseurs actifs dans le visible pour l'oxydation de l'eau : vers les bioraffineries solaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1053.
Повний текст джерелаPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a direct way of producing a solar fuel like hydrogen from water. The bottleneck of this process is in the photoanode, which is responsible for the water oxidation side of the reaction1,2. In this work, the use of BiVO4 as a photoanode was extensively studied in order to improve its photoactivity. The optimization of BiVO4 photoanode synthesis via thin film electrodeposition on FTO was performed. The factors affecting the photoelectrochemical activity such as the electrodeposition time, ratio of the Bi-KI to benzoquinone-EtOH in the deposition bath, and the calcination temperature, have been investigated by using the Central Composite Design of Experiments.Surface states on the BiVO4 surface give rise to defect levels, which can mediate electron-hole recombination via the Shockley-Read-Hall mechanism5. In order to protect the BiVO4 surface and minimize the inefficiencies due to electron-hole recombination and passivate the surface states, ultrathin overlayers of Al2O3 and TiO2 were deposited to the BiVO4 thin film electrodes in an ALD-like manner. A photocurrent density of 0.54 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs RHE was obtained for the 2 cycles Al2O3-modified BiVO4, which was a 54% improvement from the bare BiVO4 that demonstrated a photocurrent density of 0.35 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs RHE. A 15% increase in stability of the Al2O3- modified BiVO4 electrode was also observed over 7.5 hours of continuous irradiation. Moreover, through surface capacitance measurements, it was shown that the Al2O3 overlayer was indeed passivating the surface states of the BiVO4 electrodes. The nature of the BiVO4 surface was studied by investigating the reactivity of powder BiVO4 with a chemical titrant. The existence of surface hydroxyl groups on BiVO4 was confirmed and quantified (max 1.5 OH/nm2) via chemical titration. The reaction of the BiVO4 powder with one pulse of AlMe3 and 1 pulse of H2O showed that there were 1.2 molecules of CH4 evolved per Bi-OH. In this work, we were able to highlight which factors are important in the synthesis of BiVO4, and how they affect the resulting photoactivity. We have also achieved the passivation of the BiVO4 surface states using Al2O3, which is not well-explored in literature. Moreover, we were able to probe and discuss the nature of the BiVO4 surface. This is a very fundamental knowledge and the first report of such, to the best of our knowledge. A good understanding of this important semiconductor surface and its interactions will aid in the design of a more efficient BiVO4 photoanode
Jourdier, Etienne. "Modélisation et optimisation de la production de cellulases par Trichoderma reesei pour les bioraffineries lignocellulosiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22264.
Повний текст джерелаIn the global energetic and climatic context, the high cost of the cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases) postpones the development of lignocellulosic biorefineries, dedicated to produce biofuels and chemical compounds from renewable vegetable feedstocks. The aim of this work was to measure and model the metabolism of the micro-organism Trichoderma reesei, in order to optimize the industrial protocol for the production of cellulase. This study was carried out using synthetic media representative of industrial ones. First, the stoichiometries of growth and protein production reactions were determined. Then, a kinetic study was conducted to precisely measure the specific rates of T. reesei at high induction of cellulase production. The resulting model was used to optimize the industrial production protocol. Finally the integration of this step in a lignocellulosic biorefinery was studied by determining the impacts on the metabolism of i) available sugar mixtures, ii) inhibitory compounds from lignocellulosic biomass degradation, and iii) scale-up. These results significantly contributed to improve the knowledge of T. reesei metabolism on cellulase production. The developed models are rational tools for the optimization of a cellulase production protocol suited to lignocellulosic biorefineries
Stephan, Charlie. "Etude des équilibres de phases et des procédés de séparation de l'huile de pyrolyse pour l'optimisation des bioraffineries de 2ème génération." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM087.
Повний текст джерелаLignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis produces a large number of valuable products. Pyrolysis oil is a liquid with a great valorization potential as fuel and as chemicals. The general objective of this PhD is to study the fractionation of pyrolysis oil with a thermodynamic approach, in order to provide tools for the conception of bioraffineries. The development of a methodology and the study of a typical bio-oil were carried out, so that this work can be extrapolated to real biooils. A representative mixture of the pyrolysis oils was synthesized by grouping the compounds by chemical families. Two new pyrolysis oils biorefining flowsheets were proposed for acetol, acetic acid and furfural valorization. A solvent screening method was developed. It is based on physicochemical criteria, on dangerousness, economic and efficiency criteria. NRTL thermodynamic model parameters were regressed on experimental data measured during this thesis, together with literature data, in order to represent the phases equilibria of biooil+solvent systems.The proposed biorefinery processes were simulated with Aspen PlusTM using the developed thermodynamic models. Their economic performances were compared
Tosi, Pierluigi. "Stratégies de valorisation des humines en tant que sous produits de bioraffineries grâce à l’éco conception de matériaux poreux et à leurs applications." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4100.
Повний текст джерелаDeveloping research and markets around by-products has become indispensable not only from the environmental point of view but also for the circular economy of the industrial processes. In this context, humins constitute one of the most promising by-products. Humins are formed during the biorefinery conversion of lignocellulosic biomass derived sugars into furanic compounds. They consist in a dark-colored, highly viscous, mixture of oligomers derived from random condensations between the several intermediates (mainly HMF and derivatives) formed during the acid catalyzed process. Our group, along with many recent researches, have proven the many hidden possibilities of this furan-rich mixture, which might in turn be attractive for the interesting properties that humins can offer. In this thesis we report several studies performed in order to valorize this material, with a particular focus on humins foams, new polymeric carbon-based porous materials derived from industrial humins in a straightforward and economic attractive way. Humins foams can be prepared by direct heating treatments of humins industrially obtained without any preliminary step such as purification, separation or modification. We show in this manuscript that is possible to control the foams properties (pores dimension, degree of cells opening, morphology, carbon content, etc.) by controlling the preparation parameters such as temperatures applied, heating ramps, gas flow, amount of humins or kind of crucible. The mechanism of foaming has been revealed, several preparation conditions screening carried out, and the material characterized from the chemical, physico-chemical and structural point of view. Furthermore, for the first time, thermal hazard studies for both humins and humins foams have been carried out, which are indispensable for their transport and commercialization in support of entire Biorefinery. Humins foams properties have been deeply studied and tested in several fields, highlighting their most promising applications. Among these, humins foams has been successfully used in the preparation of alumina porous materials by sacrificial templating, which opens the path to future investigations involving further porous materials preparation. Along humins foams, also preliminary studies of crude humins application as dyes for sensitized solar cells and for further materials and composites preparations were carried out. This thesis not only proves how promising humins materials are, highlighting their major advantages and the points of s trength that would be competitive on the market, but also aims to increase the interest around these materials. This thesis offers a good starting point for further and future valorizations, with advantages that will involve the environment along with the entire Biorefinery
Ba, Fatou. "Bioraffinerie de la microalgue Haematococcus pluvialis." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22766.
Повний текст джерелаThe concept of Refinery of microalgae consists in finding experimental procedure allowing the separation / valorization of the intracellular components of microalgae with the aim of the scale-up at industrial level. However the implementation of such a concept requires the acquisition of data on the composition, component separation efficiencies, and their valorization ability. For this study, Haematococcus pluvialis, a known producer of a high value-added pigment (astaxanthin) was chosen as a model of microalgae. If the characteristic of the pigment of this microalga is indeed well defined, there is still a lack of knowledge on the other compounds of its biomass. The aim of this work is to quantify and to study the valorization potential of various fractions of the biomass at different stages of the culture. After quantification and characterization of the various fractions of the biomass, cell lysis was achieved to obtain supernatant that contains beside pigment, proteins, sugars and important quantity of lipids. Proteins in the supernatant were characterized in term of molecular masses distribution. Several methods based on combined effect of high pressure disruption / pH shifting and ultrafiltration were implemented for concentration/fractionation of protein matrix. The emulsifying properties (emulsifying capacity and stability) were determined and compared to those of a commercial ingredient (sodium caseinate). It has been shown that the proteins from H. pluvialis possess a high potential as emulsifying agent. Using polyethyleneimine (PEI) an experimental procedure was tested to separate the hydrosoluble and liposoluble compounds from the supernatant. Thanks to this procedure, it was then possible to define experimental conditions permitting the flocculation of 96 % of lipids and pigments while 100 % of sugars and 89 % of proteins remained in the aqueous phase. Afterward, the centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was tested to separate lipids and pigments. The use of a heptane : méthanol (+ 2 % water) system highlighted that this method induced the separation of the liposoluble compounds, the main technological deadlock in the biorefinery of H. pluvialis. Finally, an integrated flow-sheet for Haematococcus pluvialis biorefinery has been advised
Espinosa, Pardo Faber Ariel. "Propriétés techno-fonctionnelles des fractions produites par bioraffinerie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0205.
Повний текст джерелаThe concept of biorefinery has emerged as an industrial facility where biomass is transformed into a wide range of marketable products and energy, and the accumulation of agro-residues is significantly reduced. This work proposed a biorefinery scheme from corn germ and walnut press-cake as by-products. For corn germ, the scheme involved a first step of oil recovery by different methods followed by protein extraction while solid residues were assessed for stabilizing emulsions (Pickering emulsions). It was demonstrated that protein functionalities (such as solubility, water absorption, foaming and emulsifying capacities) were influenced by oil extraction method, and that corn germ meals showed high capacity to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. For walnut press-cake, a source of oil and phenolic antioxidants, the scheme focused on ultrasound assisted extraction of phenolics from the defatted cake, and the stabilizing ability of the residue particles. Extracts exhibited a high capacity of scavenging free radicals (DPPH) and walnut cake particles allowed to fabricate highly stable oil-in-water emulsions with fine droplets (1-2 µm). Ultrasound assisted extraction was also applied to recover phenolics from a third by-product that was a grape pomace. Influent parameters of extraction were statistically identified for both matrices with trends positively modeled by second-order polynomial equations
Bahry, Hajar. "Valorisation de la mélasse de caroube par une approche bioraffinerie." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC070.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis deals with the valorization of the solid waste generated by the Lebanese carob molasse process with the aim to produce bioenergy or high added-value platform molecules. The chemical analysis of this waste has highlighted that it contains 45% (w/w) sugars, which can be used as a substrate for alcoholic or lactic fermentation, the production of biohydrogen by dark fermentation, or as a carbon source for the growth of microalgae in a phycoremediation process (water treatment process based on algae/microalgae) for the removal of pharmaceutical micropollutants. Experimental results have shown that high ethanol yield and productivity could be achieved through alcoholic fermentation in the liquid phase using extracts from carob waste as the substrate, provided the culture medium was enriched by complementary nutrients (especially a nitro-gen source) to enhance the growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; in parallel, the direct production of ethanol from the solid waste based on solid-state fermentation was also proved to be efficient, provided humidity was accurately controlled. In addition, lactic fermentation per-formed with immobilized Lactobacillus rhamnosus on alginate beads was shown to constitute a potential alternative to bioethanol for the extracts from carob waste. An enriched culture medium was, however, necessary, together with the use of an invertase enzyme as a pretreatment so as to maximize the yield and the productivity of lactic acid. Using microorganism immobilization lead to the opportunity to recycle at least five times alginate beads in successive culture cycles. Another potential alternative to the above-mentioned valorization pathways was proved to lie in the dark fermentation process for biohydrogen production, directly using the solid waste. While attractive yields were reached, a strong dependence on the particle size from grinding pretreatment was emphasized, as in solid-state fermentation; moreover, iron supplementation in the culture medium was compulsory, in addition to nitrogen supplementation already described when fermentation was carried out in the liquid phase. Finally, when the carob waste was used as a substrate for the growth of the algae Ankistrodesmus braunii in a phycoremediation process, a removal yield of the initial diclofenac content about 90% could be reached under mixotrophic conditions, even though only one third of the diclofenac removed was effectively metabolized
Al-Bety, Salwa. "Bioraffinering av bark: En jämförelse mellan två extraktionsmetoder." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299638.
Повний текст джерелаInterest in the use of materials from renewable sources is increasing. The production of wood pulp and materials in the forest industry generates large amounts of by- products daily, especially tree bark. Bark contains many valuable components which if separated can be used in various types of applications. The aim of this study was to compare two extraction methods. The first method used programmable equipment and is named accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and the second used manual technology and is named Soxhlet extraction. The purpose of the study was to determine which extraction method can be used to extract bark components more efficiently. The ASE method included acetone extraction and hot water extraction where the pressure was 100 bar, the temperature 100oC and the time just over an hour. Soxhlet extraction involved only acetone extraction under atmospheric pressure, continuous heating, and a time of 90 minutes. The ASE method yielded four extracts: acetone extract at 100oC and hot water extract at 100oC, 140oC and 160oC. The bark studied was divided into two parts, undried bark and dry bark. Total calculation of yield% was performed after each extraction. The extracts from undried bark had a darker color than the extracts from dry bark. The pH values were measured for all water extracts and the one that gave the lowest pH was obtained at 160oC. Finally, the extraction results did not show any major differences between the ASE water extractions performed excluding the extract color which may be an indication of difference in extracted molecules. The use of sand during the hot water extractions did not improve the extraction method.
Belletante, Ségolène. "Méthode multi-échelle pour la conception optimale d'une bioraffinerie multi-produit." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0072/document.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, to replace chemical products derived from petrol, new technologies are developed to produce products derived from others feedstock than crude oil like biomass. Indeed, biomass and especially nonfood biomass has a high potential as substitute due to its environmental, economic and political interests. Inthis context, the study of biorefineries offers new opportunities in the Process System Engineering and especially in research activities which aim to design systems with interlinked compounds. Indeed, the main hurdle focuses on the modeling and the multiscale optimization of thebiorefinery that allows integratingseveral spatial scales from the molecular scale to the plant scale. These scales are essential to describe accurately the system because they interact. The large dilution of flows is the best example to show these interactions. Indeed, water induces many thermodynamic problems (azeotropes, etc.) at the moleculescale, that impact on the process design and mainly on the separation, the purification and the treatment of purges (to limit losses of products). In consequence, the sequence of unit operations of the purification step depends of the water concentration. Furthermore, in the design of the biorefinery, the fermentation and theseparation are usually combined in order to improve performances of the fermentation and limit the water concentration in the purification step. Moreover, the large amount of water that needs to be heated or cooled induces the need of the energy integration of the heat exchangers network to minimize energy consumption. The aim of this work is to propose a generic methodology with connected tools in order to overcome some hurdles caused by the modeling and the multiscaleoptimization of the biorefinery. Based on the superstructure approach, the purpose of the methodology is to estimate performances of considered alternatives in the technical, economic, environmental and energy efficient aspects in preparation for the multiobjective optimization which finds the optimal process for the productionof the interesting bioproduct. This work focuses especially on the production of biobutanol through the Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol system from forest biomass. The methodology begins with the creation of the superstructure of the biorefinery composed by 5 major steps: the pretreatment, the fermentation, the separation, the purification and the treatment of purges. Next, the methodology consists in modeling each alternative of process. It integrates a thermodynamic model with activity coefficients in order to describe accurately the greatly nonideal behavior of molecules. Moreover, the treatment of purges and the energy integration are integratedat this step in order to improve the process. Finally, the last step interests to the multiobjective optimization which focuses on different aspects: the maximization of production and the minimization of the costs, the minimal selling price of bioproducts, the losses of bioproducts and the environmental impact. This step includes also sensitivity analysis on different parameters of the methodology: operating, economic, environmental… After the optimization, a compromise is made in order to obtain sustainable biorefinery
Espinoza, Pérez Andrea Teresa. "Optimisation de la conception de la chaîne d’approvisionnement pour une bioraffinerie durable." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0222/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe growing global population and its effect on food security and the urgency for climate change mitigation, are issues that foster innovations to increase the efficiency of the use of natural resources. Among them, biomass is a renewable resource highly available. A biorefinery can transform biomass in source of energy, materials and chemical products. However, at the early stage of a biorefinery project, strategic decisions have to be made, including location, production capacity or technology to be used, determining the project’s feasibility. As a consequence, the decision process needs to consider several aspects, as the specific conditions of the territory where the project is supposed to be deployed. A recent study shows that despite this problem has been treated by the multiple objective programming community, the main focus has been centered on factors of economic profitability. However, consider the whole dimensions of sustainability, “Economical”, “Social”, “Environmental”, “Technological” and “Political” is essential in this kind of project. Under these conditions, not all available optimization tools are suitable. Hence, a preliminary study about multi-objective optimization tools is realized. Then, a general optimization modeling strategy integrating the sustainability dimensions at the early stage of a biorefinery project is developed. To finish, the developed model is applied to the case study of biorefinery deployment in Colombia. It will permit a better visibility for decision makers, because its capability to propose scenarios and evaluate sustainability trade-offs by integrating stakeholders preferences
Boucher, Jérémy. "Etude des possibilités de production d'éthanol hémicellulosique dans le cadre d'une bioraffinerie papetière." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI037/document.
Повний текст джерелаDecreasing the consumption of crude oil derivatives has become one of the main world issues of the 21st century. The only green substitute for gasoline potentially available in large quantities today is bioethanol, but its production has to be limited as it is produced from crops. It is therefore important to develop the production of second generation ethanol, which consists in using lignocellulosic biomass as raw material to avoid to compete with food resources. Second generation ethanol is still at experimental scale nowadays. This thesis deals with the specific case of the production of ethanol from hemicelluloses in a kraft pulp mill. In pulp mills, hemicelluloses, which make up 20 to 30% of the wood, are not value added. It is proposed to extract them from wood prior to the kraft treatment and to ferment them into ethanol. The study talks more specifically of the optimisation of the global process from the woodchip to the ethanol
Jubeau, Sébastien. "Application du concept de bioraffinerie à la valorisation de la microalgue Porphyridium cruentum." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2105.
Повний текст джерелаBiorefinery is the same methodology used in oil industry to separate each component of a biomass and to transform them into high value products. The microalga Porphyridium curentum is well referenced in the literature as a producer of many metabolites of interest like pigments (B-Phycoerythrin, zeaxanthin), ω3 and ω6 fatty acids and exopolysaccharides (EPS). We propose to apply the concept of biorefinery to P. Cruentum in order to produce different extracts of interest and so to make the biomass production profitable. We experimentally developed a process to produce and to separate the different fractions of P. Cruentum made of 4 main steps: cultivation and harvesting of the algae, cell disruption, separation of each biochemical family and purification of the latter. The optimization of culture conditions leads to a production of microalgae at the concentration of 2. 7g. L-1. Different cell destruction techniques have been tested such as high pressure cell disruption and freezing/thawing. Their impact on the molecules extracted has also been studied. A selective two-steps process has been developed to obtain pre-purified B-phycoerythrin extract. The purification of the latter has been tested by two different methods: the selective precipitation using ammonium sulfate and the tangential filtration on membrane. High purity levels (IP=3) have been reached using a filtration on polyethersulfone membrane (30kDa). 3 protocols have been developed and tested to promote the whole biomass
Guigon, Valentin. "Etude de procédés de dépolymérisation d’oligosaccharides d'hémicelluloses dans le cadre d'une bioraffinerie papetière." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI042.
Повний текст джерелаLignocellulosic biomass is made of 30% of hemicelluloses. Hemicelluloses are themselves made of saccharides that are true platform chemicals due to their ability to be transformed into many different products. Within the context of a biorefinery, hemicelluloses were solubilized as monosaccharides and oligosaccharides after a water pre-hydrolysis treatment. Secondary acid and enzymatic hydrolysis treatments were further applied to the obtained hydrolysate to depolymerize as much oligosaccharides as possible to monosaccharides (acid hydrolysis) and to depolymerize as much as xylans as possible to xyloses (enzymatic hydrolysis). Treatments were optimized to pilot scale
Steinbach, David [Verfasser], and J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Sauer. "Umsetzung von Lignocellulosen zu Hydroxymethylfurfural in einer hydrothermalen Bioraffinerie / David Steinbach ; Betreuer: J. Sauer." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221186981/34.
Повний текст джерелаHundt, Martin [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Schnitzlein. "Der AlkaPolP-Prozess als Ausgangspunkt für eine lignocellulosebasierte Bioraffinerie / Martin Hundt ; Betreuer: Klaus Schnitzlein." Cottbus : BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1114283878/34.
Повний текст джерелаAoude, Christa. "Concentration of the microalgae Arthrospira Platensis and Chlorella vulgaris by electrofiltration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2702.
Повний текст джерелаMicroalgae are microscopic organisms that present many beneficial properties and can be used in a wide range of industrial applications. One of the main issues encountered in microalgae biorefineries are the costs associated with the harvesting step, this is due to the energy intensive nature of the most commonly used processes for microalgae harvesting. Depending on the application, the microalgae can undergo further processing after the harvesting steps for the extraction of its intercellular compounds. Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis are two types of microalgae that are commercially used in a wide range of applications. Given their industrial relevance, they are the microalgae strains that are studied in the context of this thesis. The aim of this thesis is to optimize the use of dead-end filtration as a microalgae harvesting technique, this is achieved by studying the use of pressure driven dead-end filtration as well as electrically assisted dead-end filtration (hereby referred to as electrofiltration). In this context, the present work investigates the effects of the operating pressure, the electric current density, and the combination of the two on the filtration kinetics and the properties of the filter cake and filtrates. This work also assesses the possibility of using dead-end filtration as an in-situ extraction technique as well as the use of cake washing to recover biocompounds trapped in the pores of a microalgal cake. Three different cake washing configurations were assessed: pressure driven (pressure washing), electrically driven (electrowashing), and electrically enhanced pressure washing (pressure electrowashing)
Murolo, Alessandro. "Bioraffineria di vinacce per la produzione ed il recupero di acidi grassi volatili." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6826/.
Повний текст джерелаRey, Candice. "Conditions hydrodynamiques et organisation structurale dans le dépôt formé lors de l'ultrafiltration tangentielle : application à la bioraffinerie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI124/document.
Повний текст джерелаMembrane separation processes commonly used in several industrial applications, like bio and agro industries, waste water and clean water treatments, are more and more exploited in biorefinery. As an example, cross-flow ultrafiltration process shows a high potential in separation protocol of raw feed components like cellulose nanocrystals to produce biomass. This process is limited by the increase of particles concentration at the membrane surface, which conducts to phenomena named concentration polarization and fouling, which decrease the filtration performance. The PhD work objective is to bring a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of these phenomena. Two characterization methods covering length scales from nanometer to micrometer have been developed thanks to new designed tangential ultrafiltration cells allowing to link the ultrafiltration process to small angle X rays scattering and to micro particle image velocimetry. These measurement performed in-situ during ultrafiltration of nanocrystal celluloses and Laponite clay suspensions have allowed characterizing the structural organization and the velocity field within the concentration polarization layers. The correlation of these results with the rheological behavior properties of the suspensions, have permitted to access for the first time to the stress field within the concentration polarization and fouling layer during the tangential ultrafiltration process
Hébert, Mathieu. "Nouvelles approches pour la valorisation des graines de moutarde riches en glucosinolates dans un concept de bioraffinerie." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2552.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is specifically dedicated to the valorization of B. juncea (brown mustard) as catch-crops in order to develop innovative ways of valorization for the different components of mustard seeds (oil, meal, glucosinolates) for industrial and/or food applications according to the principles of biorefinery and in a sustainable development concept. The rich-erucic acid mustard oil could be valorized in oleochemistry for many applications (cosmetics, lubricants, biofuels etc.), the defatted cake could be an alternative and new source of high quality proteins for animal food and the extracted glucosinolates (sinigrin and gluconapin) could be very suitable for the development of a natural bio-pesticide instead of chemical pesticides. Applications of different pretreatments were firstly applied on seeds in order to perform the intern inactivation of myrosinase, an enzyme that degrades glucosinolates by hydrolysis: conventional heating in bath-water, micro-waves (MW) and supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2). Heating seeds at 80°C for 70 min allowed efficient myrosinase inactivation (98%) without impact on other molecules (glucosinolates, proteins). The treatment resulted also in better oil expression performances. Oil expression from treated seeds was then performed by carring out two successive pressing (80 bar, 60 min) with an hydraulic press to express 84% of oil and obtain a rich in proteins (35.8-40.8%) and intact glucosinolates (144-158 µmol/g) defatted cake. Intensification of the extraction of glucosinolates was investigated meaning different pretreaments and processes: grinding, high-voltage electric discharges (HVED) and ultrasounds (US). Only green solvents were used for the extraction (water, ethanol). Preliminar optimization of chemical extraction resulted in selective extraction of 90% of GSL using an aqueous ethanol solution (40% v:v) at 40°C without affecting protein content from residual cake (36-40%). These conditions could be claimed as an effective alternative to the conventionel extraction protocol (75% methanol, 75°C). The assisted-extraction of GSL by HVED (U = 40 kV, tDEHT = 3.5 ms) has performed the recovery of 98% of intact GSL in milder conditions (T = 30°C, water, QDEHT = 233 kJ/kg) by minimizing the co-extraction of proteins from meal. Purification of crude juice was investigated meaning two different techniques: ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) and ultrafiltration (UF). GSL purification by IEC was preliminarly optimized in batch and proteins and GSL were separated meaning a strong basic resin (PA312LOH). 72.9% of sinigrine recovery was performed bu eluting with a NaCl solution (1.0 M, 30°C, 300 rpm, 40 mL/g resin) with a juice purity of 79.6%. Dynamic experiments allowed recovery of 28% of gluconapin (2.6 BV/h, pH 4.0). Membrane process (UF) showed better performances with the recovery of 98% and 60% of sinigrin and gluconapin respectively with a permeate purity of 90% by using PES membranes of 10 kDa (5 bars, 500 rpm). The purified juice (90%) rich in sinigrin (3.36 mg/ml) and gluconapin (0.16 mg/ml) could be used to develop a phytosanitory product for crop protection. The residual detoxified (<20 µmol GSL/g DM) and rich in proteins meal could be very suitable for animal feeding
Almohammed, Fouad. "Application des électrotechnologies pour une valorisation optimisée de la betterave à sucre dans un concept de bioraffinerie." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2328/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work discusses the use of electrotechnologies for an optimized valorization of sugar beet according to the concept of biorefinery. The applied electrotechnologies are pulsed electric fields (PEF) and high-voltage electrical discharges (HVED). The study firstly aims at optimizing an alternative method for sugar extraction by PEF assisted cold alkaline pressing. On the other hand, it proposes new ways for valorizing two by-products of sugar beet industry, which are sugar beet tails and pulps. In the first part, PEF treatment combined with liming leads to a better disintegration of beet tissue. It permits accelerating of pressing kinetics, improvement of juice yield and quality, and reduction of subsequent purification procedure. A parametric optimization study identified the best application itinerary of the proposed extraction process. Fresh sugar beet cossettes are pretreated by PEF at 600 V/cm for 10 ms (Q = 2.7 Wh/kg). The electroporated cossettes are then pressed to extract 75% of intracellular juice. Compressed cossettes are subjected to an alkaline pressing with 10% lime milk. In order to extract the residual sucrose in the obtained press-cake, two additional steps of pressing with an intermediate hydration are required. This optimized process allows well exhausting the sugar cossettes (sugar loss of 0.23% and pulp dry matter of 39%) for a short extraction (30 min) and with low draft (108%) compared to diffusion method. Thus, it allows substantial saving in materials and energy especially for juice extraction and pulp drying. Compared to the conventional method, the energy saving amounted to 91.96 × 106 kWh for a sugar beet factory treating 10 000 tons per day for a campaign of 110 days. In addition, the proposed method simplifies the purification procedure of raw juice and reduces the used amount of lime from 50 to 60%. In the second part of this study, two processing methods were proposed and optimized at lab-scale for valorization of sugar beet tails and pulps. Sugar beet tails were used to produce bioethanol. Raw juice of beet tails was extracted by PEF assisted cold pressing. Bioethanol production was then done by alcoholic fermentation. Pretreatment of beet tails with PEF (450 V/cm, 10 ms) permits accelerating the pressing kinetics, increasing the yield of solutes (79.85% vs. 16.8%), and leads to a more concentrated juice (10% vs. 5.2%). The optimized process permits the production of about 41.75 L of bioethanol per ton of beet tails when PEF pretreatment is applied against only 8.2 L of bioethanol without PEF confirming the potential of this new valorization scheme. Dried beet pulp having a dry matter of 92.8% was used for pectin recovery. The present study showed that the application of HVED pretreatment leads to intensify pectin extraction. The relative gain of pectin yield is 25.3% with an energy consumption of 76.2 kJ/kg. The proposed biorefinery scheme could protect the sugar beet industry in France after the suppression of the sugar quota system in the European Union, which will take effect on 1st October 2017
Colas, Dorothée. "Etude de la bioraffinerie des plantes vertes : Application au fractionnement des protéines de luzerne par extrusion bi-vis et chromatographie hydrophobe." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0019/document.
Повний текст джерелаAlfalfa is a common Legume, cultivated as a forage crop, thanks to its high protein content. In the green crop industry, alfalfa is pressed and dried on a rotative cylinder. The pressing step leads to the production of large amounts of green juice, rich in proteins. The aim of this work was to develop a biorefinery process for alfalfa, which could be adapted to other green crops, allowing the valorization of each fraction. The first step is the whole plant thermo-mechanical fractionation in the twin-screw extruder. Two fractions are obtained: a solid fibrous residue, partly dehydrated which could be valorized as an agro-material, and a green filtrate, rich in proteins. Twin-screw extrusion is an interesting alternative to usual industrial dehydration processes. Indeed, the study of the extruder parameters optimization showed that most of the alfalfa proteins can be recovered in the filtrate. This green extract is then centrifuged, in order to separate the solid particles. Chlorophyll can be extracted from the centrifugation pellet. The clarified juice is treated by ultrafiltration, and lastly fractionated thanks to hydrophobic chromatography, with sunflower oil as the solvent, in order to separate the proteins. The more fundamental study of proteins fixation on resins allowed us to modelize proteins fractionation using hydrophobic interactions
MALETTI, LAURA. "Strategie di recupero valorizzativo per la sostenibilità in ambito agrifood e metodologie di caratterizzazione dei prodotti da bioraffineria." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1278301.
Повний текст джерелаThis research work sets objectives that combine the principles of circular economy, bioeconomy and sustainability in the agrifood field, to identify strategies for the enhancement of agro-industrial waste through a typical approach of biorefinery applications The main focus is dedicated to the large productions of Cucurbitaceae, with particular reference to the cultivars of Citrullus Lanatus (watermelon) and Cucumis Melo (melon), since the agri-food sector represented by these primary crops generates huge quantities of waste materials along the entire supply chain “from farm to fork”. The key idea of the PhD project consists in the possibility of extending the value chain, which currently seems to be interrupted with the abandonment of waste products in the open field, or those generically devalued due to morphological non-compliance, for over-production or over-ripening, restoring its continuity through the transformation of recovered material. The challenges of product and process technological innovation for the agrifood sector, would allow the use of these materials for transformations in any direction, anyhow all oriented according to the program targets of the 2030 Agenda. While recognizing the strategic value of the whole context of change identified by the ONU program, we have chosen to seize some of the major challenges to turn them into great opportunities, always operating along the guidelines of the food&feed context, neglecting the aspects directly related to energy recovery from residual biomass and the enhancement through composting processes. Therefore, through effective fractionation steps starting from the selected matrices, it was possible to obtain: ● dietary fibers of cellulosic origin, either natural “as it is”, or bleached through treatments with H2O2, red fibers with a high lycopene content; ● lycopene from red fibers, and other natural pigments-dyes from other fractions and by-products from the exocarp; ● germplasm oil from Citrullus seeds, and ● proteic-starchy flour (residue of the oil extraction) from the kernel of the same seeds; ● acetification products of the sugary juice extracted from the endocarp of the watermelon; ● candying products starting from the watermelon mesocarp (albedo). For the extended characterization of the different fractions, we have applied several instrumental techniques, analytical and chemical-physical methodologies, including the proper preparation of the samples, which can be summarized as follows: UV-Vis spectroscopy both on samples in solid state and in solution, also for the evaluation of the color point with the CIELab method; chromatographic techniques GC-MS, SPME-GC-MS, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS; elemental analysis (CHNS); thermal analysis (TG/DTG/DTA/DSC); Water Holding Capacity (WHC); ICP-OES analysis for the evaluation of the metal content; morphological analysis using surface techniques (SEM). At the end of the PhD activities, we can take a critical look at the targets achieved. Extending the value chain to waste materials can make it possible to acquire competitiveness for the agrifood system, but only if adequate efforts are made for investments in research and innovation. The reported analysis describes some structural features of a production sector that, at a regional and national level, is related to the performance of an oversized agrifood system, since it tends to reject pre-waste resources that are still easily recoverable. Projecting these results, which express competitive potential, in a gritty productive horizon and of reasoned consumption, can guarantee even only a small effective contribution to global food sustainability.
Deloule, Vivien. "Study on extraction and characterization of softwoods hemicelluloses oligomers and their influence on gut microbiota." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI107.
Повний текст джерелаBoiron, Lucie. "Etude de l'impact de l'extraction des hémicelluloses du bois sur les procédés d'obtention de cellulose et d'éthanol dans le cadre d'une bioraffinerie lignocellulosique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI107/document.
Повний текст джерелаBiofuel revival could be a great opportunity for the chemical pulp industry to widen the range ofits products made from wood. This thesis deals with the integration of a softwood hemicelluloseextraction step prior to the Kraft pulping process in order to produce both cellulose fibres andbioethanol.In this study the experimental work covers the entirety of the process: from the extraction ofmore than half of the hemicelluloses from wood either by autohydrolysis or dilute acid hydrolysis tothe production of bleached cellulosic fibres as well as ethanol from fermentated wood hydrolyzates.Prehydrolyzed wood and their subsequent pulps stood out by their excellent delignification abilityduring Kraft cooking and oxygen bleaching. Quantitative analysis of the main constituants of thepulps showed why prehydrolysis leads to decreased Kraft pulp yields (extra lignin loss andhemicelluloses loss including xylans). A range of hypotheses to explain the good delignificationability of prehydrolyzed wood Kraft pulps during oxygen bleaching was narrowed to one by Kraftlignin analysis.The overall results of the hemicellulose extraction prior to Kraft pulping as it has been defined inthis study showed that from 100 kg of softwood, 27 to 36 kg of bleached cellulosic fibres and 6litres of ethanol could be produced. The bleached cellulosic fibres are of great interest for dissolvingpulp or cellulose nanocrystals production
Pessiot, Jérémy. "Développement d'une unité pilote de bioraffinerie permettant la mixogenèse en continu à partir de la biomasse non alimentaire via la fermentation anaérobie mésophile." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22524.
Повний текст джерелаFossil oil reserves are decreasing, oil prices are fluctuating, and the CO 2 released by oil consumption contributes to global warming. These are driving our society towards increased use of biomass for energy, chemical compounds and other materials. Minimizing waste has been seen as a concern associated with alternative energy efforts. Contrary to expectation, increasing organic waste can be beneficial for alternative energy efforts, because it would result in large amounts of organic resources that can be potential raw materials. Moreover, using waste as a resource for bioenergy production does not compete with human or animal food or agricultural surfaces, and that is one of the greatest challenges facing biotechnology. Using waste as a resource for biomolecule production would thus be an interesting approach to reducing waste in the environment and producing renewable materials. Under specific conditions, detrital biomass can be converted into biomolecules of interest by microorganisms. Anaerobic fermentation techniques represent promising engineering processes for accomplishing the dual goals of waste reduction and renewable biomolecule production for biofuel and green chemistry markets. On the other hand, innovative fermentation processes are necessary for the strong, successful, cost-effective and eco-friendly production of bulk chemicals from renewable resources. In this context, AFYREN company was thought and founded to answer this world challenge through its “all in one” technology, AFYNERIE, which is inspired from the nature and sciences. The first objective of this thesis, heart of the AFYNERIE process, was to study the performances of anaerobic microorganisms, in the form of pure strains or of consortia for the valorization of more or less complex substrata via a process of failed methanogenesis. For that purpose, it was necessary to consider, already at the laboratory scale, a projection in the industrial world. Then, we demonstrated the capacities of the microbial diversity to produce platform molecules from real agro-industrial by-products in sterile and then non sterile mode. This study leaned in parallel on the characterization and the dynamics of involved microbial populations. Then, the accumulation of metabolites, which are at the same time inhibitory and of interest, in fermentative media in batch mode and with competitive yields, resulted in the necessity of surpassing these limitations by the passage in a continuous mode. To do this, a process consisted of a biocompatible extraction of synthons stemming from the operation of fermentation was implemented according to different mode of realizations. This coupling of single operations, in the form of extractive fermentation, delivered promising results while builds in a frame of biorefinery and industrial ecology which tightens towards a “zero waste”. Finally, contrary to the other emergent technologies, to take place in a drop-in approach, biology and chemistry were associated. The purpose was to illustrate the versatility of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in terms of industrial applications and to realize the proof of concept of the transformation of the non-food biomass in biomolecules of energy and chemical interest. These works allowed to underline key points of the scale-up of AFYNERIE process and to glimpse perspectives fundamental as well as applied perspectives. This technological brick, due to its multi-inputs / multi-products philosophy, coupling fermentation-extraction-synthesis, allows to introduce the transition to the pilot stage of an innovative process compatible with a future biobased economy
Menana, Zahra. "Étude de faisabilité de la valorisation en bioraffinerie de biomasses issues de phytotechnologies : cas d’une plante hyperaccumulatrice (noccaea caerulescens) et d’un ligneux (salix viminalis)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0225/document.
Повний текст джерелаPhytoremediation is a concept for the depollution and rehabilitation of soils and/or industrial wastelands contaminated by metal trace elements (MTEs), using plants to absorb or immobilize contaminants in the presence of microbial organisms in the rhizosphere. This technique results in a more or less contaminated biomass production that must be treated and also recovered. However, the presence of MTEs can be an issue in a biorefinery conversion approach. To address this question, two species were studied: an hyperaccumulator herbaceous plant (Noccaea caerulescens) and a woody plant (Salix viminalis). Two pre-treatments were selected for this study: steam explosion and organosolv pre-treatments, applying different operating conditions, in order to (1) monitor the distribution of MTEs during the process, (2) purify lignocellulosic material and (3) evaluate the effect of MTEs on subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation steps. For organosolv pretreatment, most of the MTEs are recovered in the solid cellulosic residue while by steam explosion, MTEs are mostly extracted in the aqueous effluents of the treatment. The presence of MTEs in cellulosic pastes and hydrolysates does not show a significant effect on the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Concerning specifically Noccaea caerulescens, the plant contains relatively high levels of pectins, which opens up interesting prospects for the valorization of this plant through the production of a biopolymer of industrial interest. Finally, the results obtained show that it would be possible to combine soil rehabilitation and biorefinery valorization of biomasses from phytotechnologies for either bioethanol production or the production of platform molecules
Sialve, Bruno. "Couplage des cultures de microalgues avec la méthanisation : Traitement et valorisation de la matière et de l’énergie dans le cadre de la bioraffinerie environnementale." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0062.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years, there has been an explosion of interest in the use of microalgae as a source of bioenergy. Mass cultivation of microalgae for bioenergy production promises several advantages compared to first and second generation biofuels. However, similar difficulties in terms of nutrient requirements and an unfavourable energy balance are faced. As a consequence, achieving the sustainable levels of microalgal culture required to implement this strategy in the longer term appears problematic. The work presented in this thesis focuses on anaerobic digestion; a solution which allows both recycling of nutrients and supply of energy to the production and downstream processes. In particular, the studies presented here have been directed towards the integration of microalgal culture and methanisation, at both the laboratory and pilot scale. The guiding principle used is conversion of biomass and provision of nutrients to the culture. We first identified the constraints and potential strategies associated with the aerobic biodegradability of microalgae. Next, we demonstrated that the energetic potential of cells is limited by their quality as well as their level of resistance to biological degradation. We have shown that it is possible to optimise the conversion step, increasing energy yields and nutrient mineralisation via a strategy of thermal pretreatment The use of a natural microalgae-bacteria ecosystem which uses a synthetic digestate as culture media, revealed a key role for bacterial flora interacting with microalgae. These results were further tested in a pilot-level production system specifically designed to address these questions. The evidence suggests that the characteristics of the culture pond determine both the hydrodynamic behaviour of the culture and the physical and ecological behaviour of the phytoplanktonic population. A study of the dynamics of the microbial, eukaryotic and prokaryotic communities suggests the presence of a resilient and complex ecosystem, which is influenced by variations in its environment. The results of this work provide opportunities for management and optimisation of processes integrating microalgae cultivation and methanisation beyond bioenergy production, for example liquid wastes treatment and production of high-value byproducts
Heise, Katja. "Chemical modification of lignocelluloses - their accessibility in selected reaction systems for the preparation of hydrogels." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-233951.
Повний текст джерелаMonot, Claire. "Contribution à l’étude des complexes lignine-hydrates de carbone (LCC) dans le bois : étude de l’impact des différentes étapes d’un procédé de bioraffinerie sans soufre sur les LCC." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI116/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe valorization of lignocellulosic biomass is nowadays a major issue due to the reduction of fossil resources. Separating each component to valorize them the best way as possible is the goal of the pulp and paper biorefineries. The effluent of the mill, called the black liquor, is currently burnt to produce energy, but gasification would increase the energy efficiency. For this, a sulfur-free cooking of wood is necessary, as sulfur inhibits gasification.Therefore this study first focused on the feasibility of cooking without sulfur, which is more difficult than a conventional kraft cooking containing sulfur. The work was done on softwood which is more difficult to delignify than hardwood. The wood was first pretreated with an autohydrolysis to remove hemicelluloses for further valorization.The results were conclusive for the production of cellulose pulp for chemical applications. To explain the differences obtained, structural differences of wood components were looked for. Lignin did not show major differences whether the wood was prehydrolyzed or not, whereas the complexes between lignin and carbohydrates (LCCs) showed significant differences, which would explain the results obtained
Baroncini, Federica. "Nuovi prodotti da scarti di Punica granatum per formulazioni biocosmetiche." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18719/.
Повний текст джерелаImbert, Aurélia. "Vers une voie de valorisation du hêtre : synthèse de monomères furaniques biosourcés et furfurylation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0333/document.
Повний текст джерелаBeech is a wood species present in the French territory, particularly in the Grand-Est region. However, beech is a under used wood, especially for outdoor uses, because it is non durability and it is dimensional unstability. To promote and develop its use, it is necessary to limit its recovery in moisture and treat to protect it against fungi decay. Futhermore, current regulation on wood treatment products imposes the development of alternative wood treatments more respectful of the environment and health. In this context, the work developed during this thesis is focused on valorisation of beech as a material through its protection by a “non-biocide” treatment, furfurylation. This method consists in an polymerisation in situ by heating a furfuryl alcohol solution into beech solid wood. The development of process led to a bio-based beech composite with significantly improved durability and dimensional stability.On the other hand, beech is a hardwood species in which the hemicellulosic fraction is rich in pentoses, and more precisely in xylose, precursor of furfural. Work has been done to produce furfural by acidic steam distillation, from beech primary wood processing by products. This molecule is then chemically reduced to furfuryl alcohol by hydrogen transfer.These promising results to show that it is possible to set up a local production combining beech as a local source of furanic molecules and beech wood as a solid material
Roßberg, Christine. "Impact of type and pretreatment of lignocellulosics on lignin and pulp properties." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-201345.
Повний текст джерелаPogrebnyakova, Evgeniya. "Indagine e valutazione mediante indici di sistemi di trasformazione delle biomasse in bio-prodotti e bio-energia in Europa." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8069/.
Повний текст джерелаBuendia-Kandia, Felipe. "Cellulose valorization in biorefinery : synergies between thermochemical and biological processes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0082/document.
Повний текст джерелаBecause fossil resources are exhaustible by definition, the carbon needed for energy and materials production could be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. Fermentation processes are able to provide a wide variety of interesting products that can replace the crude oil based "building blocks". However, the abundance of lignocellulosic biomass in the environment contrasts with its very low bioavailability. Indeed, because of (i) its insoluble nature, (ii) its more or less crystalline structure and (iii) the nature of the bonds between the polymer fibers, cellulose is a carbon substrate difficult to valorize by biochemical/fermentation processes alone. Fast pyrolysis or liquefaction of cellulose are mainly studied to produce a bio-oil, which would be upgraded by catalytic hydrotreatment into fuels or building blocks. In the current state of the art, studies at the interface of these two fields involving a biochemical or microbiological conversion of these bio-oils are still rare. The aim of this thesis is the coupling of a thermochemical conversion process of cellulose, to depolymerize it, to a microbial transformation process to produce solvents, acids and gases (butanol, ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, hydrogen) that are of great interest for the fuel or green chemistry industry. To do this, beech wood was fractionated by organosolv and chlorite / acid (SC / AA) methods in order to recover a cellulose-rich pulp. Hydrothermal liquefaction and fast pyrolysis processes were used to obtain sugars that were transformed into building blocks by fermentation. Many analytical methods have been developed for the characterization of products from each step of the process. Finally, a model of the process using the commercial software Aspen Plus® was developed to establish mass and energy balances of the integrated process including: the fractionation of the wood, then the liquefaction of the cellulosic fraction and the fermentation of bio-oils
Oriez, Vincent. "Production of biopolymers and synthons from lignocellulosic wastes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0016/document.
Повний текст джерелаAgricultural and forestry residues, also known as lignocellulosic residues, have a unique potential based on their quantity and structure for the production of renewable energy and molecules, inorder to solve the issues raised by the increasing scarcity of fossil hydrocarbons and the environmental disorder caused by their use. Lignocellulosic biomasses are essentially made ofcellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Fractionation and purification of these three compounds are necessary for their valorization as substitutes of fossil hydrocarbons. In the first place, this studydescribed the chemical fractionation of lignocellulose under acidic and alkaline conditions, and their related purification pathways. The experimental work was carried out on two raw materials:sugarcane bagasse and sunflower oil cake. A thorough characterization of the raw materials as well as the acid and alkaline extracts produced from these materials was performed. The purification steps focused on the sugarcane bagasse mild alkaline extract. Indeed, sugarcane bagasse can be considered a model lignocellulosic biomass and the purification of lignocellulosicmild alkaline extract has not been widely studied despite the numerous assets of this fractionation process. Membrane filtration and elution chromatography on strong acid cationic exchange resins were assessed individually then combined, for the separation of the five main pools of molecules that constitute the extract: lignin oligomers, sugar oligomers, phenolic monomers, acetic acid and inorganic salts. Ultrafiltration trials run on several membranes under various filtration conditions showed that lignin and sugar oligomers, recovered in the retentate, were separated from phenolicmonomers, acetic acid and inorganic salts, recovered in the permeate. A hollow fiber membrane of 10 kDa in polysulfone exhibited the best separation performance and was selected for further trials in concentration and diafiltration modes. Elution chromatography tests using water as eluent and various strong acid cationic exchange resins resulted in the production of a very pure lignin andsugar oligomers fraction with a macroporous-type resin, whereas a gel-type resin led to the separation of phenolic monomers from each other depending on the presence or absence in their structure of a carboxyl group. From a sugarcane bagasse mild alkaline extract, an integrated purification process was developed combining membrane filtration then chromatography on the permeate and precipitation by acid addition on the retentate. It resulted in the production of four purified fractions: phenolic monomers with a carboxyl group, inorganic salts and phenolicmonomers without carboxyl group, lignin oligomers, and sugar oligomers
Bali, Amine. "Reformage des huiles pyrolytiques sur un catalyseur fait d'un résidu minier fonctionnalisé au nickel." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11583.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract : Currently the production of pyrolysis oil (or bio-oil) is intended to be transformed to transportation fuel. However, the produced liquid is of bad quality and it needs a hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process which is very expensive and lot of energy is consumed to obtain a final product with the right fuel specifications. One of the ideas proposed, more economical, consists on producing renewable biosyngas (CO+H2) or biohydrogen from biooil by steam reforming (SR). This master project study the steam reforming of two bio-oils (MemU and WOU) without external steam addition over a new nickel based catalyst, Ni-UGSO, developed by the GRTP-C from the mining residue UGSO. The reforming tests were carried out at atmospheric pressure in a differential reactor during 500 min varying the temperature (750- 850 °C) and the weigh hourly space velocity (WHSV= 1.7-7.1 g/gcat/h), a long term test of 105h was also performed. In addition, Supplementary tests were done with a commercial catalyst in order of comparison plus one regenerability test. The catalyst characterization was done by XRD, FEG-SEM, BET and TPR. Test results of bio-oil MemU SR at 750-850 °C and WHSV ~ 1.8 g/gcat/h show a good production of biosyngas with a concentration range of 90-95% and a H2 selectivity of 80- 95%. The SR of bio-oil WOU in the same conditions resulted in less biosyngas and H2 produced because of high water content in the bio-oil. The catalyst was active for the whole duration of tests, XRD and SEM indicate that no carbon deposit was formed. However at WHSV > 6 g/gcat/h filamentous carbon was observed on the catalyst by SEM after the SR of bio-oil MemU but not after the SR of bio-oil WOU. The XRD showed also that after biooils SR Fe and Ni oxides that constitute the catalyst are reduced to metallic Ni and Ni-Fe alloys. BET test indicate that after activation the catalyst has a specific area of 10 m2 /g. TPR shows that more oxidized species are present in Ni-UGSO after bio-oil WOU SR than after bio-oil MemU SR which explains low H2/biosyngas yield. The tests of SR performed with the commercial catalyst show similar results as those performed with Ni-UGSO at low WHSV. However, at high WHSV the commercial catalyst was more resilient and better due to its high specific area. Regenerability test shows that NiUGSO is partially regenerated but its initial structure is not recovered. The positive results confirm that the production of biosyngas/biohydrogen from SR of biooils is technically viable for a biorefinery. The process is economically better than the HDO. The pyrolysis oil is a good feedstock for the reforming, we obtain an appreciable yield of biosyngas (or H2). The catalyst Ni-UGSO developed by the GRTP-C exhibits similar performances than commercial catalysts actually available in the market but needs more optimisation.
Azagoh, Christiane. "Contribution à l’émergence d’une filière insecte : mise au point d’un procédé de production de farine à l’échelle pilote et caractérisation de la fraction protéique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA018.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of resource scarcity, population growth, environmental degradation, and food supplies dependency, the production of protein-rich feed and food should increase in order to meet the demand. New resources are currently being explored as vegetal, algae, insects... This last one is environmentally friendly and represents a more sustainable protein source as compared to conventional livestock farming. Although insects are consumed by a lot of people in Asia, Africa and South-America, this is not the case in Europe. In order to meet European consumers' preferences, they need to be processed or transformed into ingredients to become a part of formulation products (i.e. powders). However, very little knowledge regarding processing methods at a pilot or industrial scale, and the composition and impact of process on the properties of insect-based ingredient exists and is available. The aim of this work was to design a process for the production of meal rich in proteins from insect at a pilot scale, to characterize it for feed and food applications, to characterize the properties of its soluble proteins, and to study the impact of the process on these properties. The Tenebrio molitor, candidate for rearing at an industrial scale, was chosen in the frame of this study. A thermo-mechanical process was designed at a pilot scale. It allowed the production of a protein-rich insect meal of 72% (bs) with 14% (bs) of lipids and 4% (bh) of water. The amino acid profile of this meal proteins meets the needs of animal nutrition and human nutrition with good protein efficiency (estimated at 2.5). The production yield of 20% (bh) (64% bs) is similar to that of fishmeal production (20% bh). In parallel, insect oil (co-product) were also produced. It is rich in acid palmitic, and essential fatty acids ω9 and ω6. It can be used in feed, food, cosmetic or bioenergy. Although the process has an impact on the physicochemical properties of soluble proteins after the transformation of larvae into flour, the soluble protein fractions of flour and of larvae have the same foaming and emulsifying properties similar to those of milk and BSA at 4 and 2% respectively. The meal proteins could be used in feed and food for their functional properties. This work contributes to insect protein understanding and the industrial extrapolation in a perspective of biorefinery designing
Delvar, Alice. "Valorisation par bioraffinage des co-produits des fruits de la Passion et de Goyavier pour la mise en oeuvre de peintures écoconçues." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0047.
Повний текст джерелаNatural paints, with lower environmental and health impacts, are an interesting alternative to solvent-based paints for some applications. The company Derivery has developed a range ofnatural paints called Natura in agreement with the criteria of the Pure ecological label. The binder of these paints consists of an emulsion based on vegetable oils. In order to develop a new range of eco-designed paints adapted especially to the overseas market, new local sources of tropical vegetable oils are needed. A natural biocide is also sought to replace the synthetic biocides currently used in emulsion paints. To meet these objectives of selecting new natural ingredients, the raw materials identified are co-products from the Reunion food industry, especially the one resulting from the production of passion fruit and red strawberry guava juices. These co-products, or these output gaps, are composed of seeds, pulp and shells, which are currently not valued. In this work, we showed the technical feasibility of processes with limited environmental impacts for the extraction of multifunctional ingredients. Thus, depending on the the co-product nature, the oil extractions were carried out by cold pressing, by maceration in ethanol or by SC-CO2 from the seeds and aqueous or ethanolic extracts of the pulps were studied. Vegetable oils obtained from the seeds of these two fruits have fatty acid compositions classifying them as semi-drying oils, with more than 70% of linoleic acid. Passion fruit oil is rich in carotenoids acting for better preservation. The guava oil has a high content of sterols, with emulsifying properties interesting for the paint formulation. The fractions obtained from the pulps have high levels of polyphenols associated with significant antioxidant activities, especially for the red strawberry guava. The ethanolic extracts of the two fruits also show an antimicrobial activity against several bacterial strains and a fungal strain. Two alternative extraction methods based on a thermo-mechanical activation were implemented from the passion fruit, in accordance with a biorefinery approach. These methods make it possible to simultaneously carry out the extraction and the pre-formulation of emulsion, with a combined extraction of the different hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules. The role of polyphenols and proteins in the emulsions stabilization was assessed by rheological measurements and by kinetic monitoring of creaming. New emulsions were prepared with the active molecules obtained and were tested as natural paint binders. The properties of the obtained formulations correspond to the industrial specifications thus validating the use of these new ingredients for the eco-design of natural paints. The microbiological tests carried out on the formulations showed the ability of the ethanolic extracts of both fruits to improve the resistance of the emulsified paints against microbial contamination
Corcodel, Laurent. "Influence de l’augmentation du taux de fibre de la canne à sucre sur les performances du complexe sucrerie – centrale thermique." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0055.
Повний текст джерелаSugarcane is cultivated to produce sugar en electricity to the grind. Recently, the fibre content of cane delivered to the mill increase. Objective of this works is to determine the influence of cane delivered to the mill with more fibre (due to variety and trash) on cane analysis, sugar mills and energy plant complex performance (sugar, molasses and electricity production).Cane analysis method comparison show that Berding and Pollock method was the most appropriate for sugar, soluble dry matter and fibre in cane measurement.A laboratory cane analysis methodology using a grinder and a press is proposed. Relations are established to calculate according to juice and bagasse analysis, the cane capacity, energy for shredding cane, sugar extraction in juice and bagasse calorific value. Those analysis are used in mass and energy balance through the sugar and cogeneration plant. That balance conduct to crystallisable sugar, molasses and electricity exported.Results shows that compared to R579, the fibre variety R585 produce -8% of sugar and +51% of electricity, the R570 variety produce +3.9% of sugar and +27% of electricity. Compared to clean cane, whole crops harvesting decreased sugar (-16%) and electrical (-21%) production. Cane harvest with leaves conduct to a decrease of sugar (-4%) and increase of electrical (+12%) production
Di, Pretoro Alessandro. "Optimal design of flexible, operable and sustainable processes under uncertainty : biorefinery applications." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0073.
Повний текст джерелаThe conventional process design procedure is a well-established standard in process engineering and implies the fulfillment of the residual degrees of freedom by mean of optimizations based on several possible criteria. However, the optimality of the solution obtained by this procedure is strictly related to nominal operating conditions and doesn’t account for external perturbations. The purpose of this PhD thesis is then to include flexibility in every step of the process design procedure. An ABE biorefinery separation case study has been selected for this purpose. After a detailed literature research about flexibility, both deterministic and stochastic flexibility indexes have been found and compared on a simple distillation column case study. Then the optimal number of stages problem in equilibrium-staged operation under uncertain conditions has been discussed. The economic and environmental aspects were coupled in a unified procedure in order to assess the best compromise between units oversizing (i.e. investment costs) and external duty demand (OPerating EXpenses) to compensate operating conditions perturbations. Due to the highly non-ideal behaviour of the ABE/W mixture, the thermodynamic flexibility was assessed first by mean of Residue Curve Mapping in order to outline the uncertain domain physical boundaries where the separation is feasible. The procedure for a single column was extended to distillation trains as well as equivalent integrated configurations such as Dividing Wall Column. Since the successfully recovery of at least butanol and acetone is required for the profitability of the process, different configurations for the corresponding distillation column train have been designed and compared accounting for feed composition uncertainty. The indirect configuration was found as the best compromise due to the high butanol content in the feed. However distillation trains are considered an outdated solution for multicomponent mixtures purification. They have been indeed replaced by integrated solutions resulting in both lower investments and lower operating costs. A Dividing Wall Column was then designed with respect to the same process specifications by mean of a feasible path based methodology. It consists of the arrangement of a Petlyuk column into a single column shell. A flexibility assessment was then performed on the DWC as well highlighting both benefits and drawbacks of the employment of a process intensified design solution. The optimal DWC design was then discussed by considering flexibility needs and oversizing costs compared to the classical distillation train configuration. All calculations and simulations performed so far were nonetheless related to steady state conditions. In order to have a more complete overview of flexibility indexes process dynamics was investigated as well. When taking into account process dynamics the flexibility assessment results and thus the required equipment oversizing necessarily depend on the control configuration. A new “switchability” index has been defined by correlating the dynamic and steady state performances under a flexibility point of view. The proper definition of this index was referred to a Model Predictive Control configuration for a simple system but it can be used for any kind of control loop configurations in order to compare them. To describe this latter case study the same distillation column involved in the steady state indexes comparison was simulated in DynSim with PID controllers in order to highlight the influence of dynamics. The final outcome of this thesis work is then the definition of a comprehensive approach for multicriteria design of unit operations in general under uncertain operating conditions and investigate the associated criticalities. Those criteria are respectively economics, flexibility, controllability and sustainability
BERTACCHI, STEFANO. "Microbial cell factories for biobased processes: the concept of cascading applied to different biomasses and bioproducts in the context of bioeconomy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/310476.
Повний текст джерелаBioeconomy involves processes based on renewable biomasses: in this scenario, the development of second-generation processes, based on residual biomasses such as industrial by-products (e.g. form the food, agriculture, forestry sectors), can accomplish all the principles of sustainability. Since microorganisms have the potential to transform these biomasses into products of industrial interest, the work focused on the valorization of residual biomasses (i.e. Camelina meal and cinnamon waste materials, manure), and on the identification and possible modification of microbial cell factories (i.e. Rhodosporidium toruloides, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, anaerobic consortia) for the synthesis of molecules of industrial relevance (i.e. carotenoids, folates). Following the logic of cascading, high added value compounds can be obtained in relatively low amounts and using increasingly expensive raw materials, whereas bulk chemicals (i.e. biogas) must be obtained from low value feedstocks (i.e. manure). The first substrate studied as feedstock was the Camelina sativa meal, which, despite its potential, had never been considered as a raw material for the development of a bioprocess. Different concentrations of Camelina sativa meal were tested for enzymatic hydrolysis by different concentrations of the industrial cocktail NS22119, to release sugars for the growth of the microorganism. The process was optimized in terms of enzymes added and total solid loadings, identifying the use of 9% w/v of Camelina meal and 0.56% w/wCamelina meal of enzymatic cocktail as able to increase the specific productivity of carotenoids by R. toruloides. The hydrolyzate of Camelina sativa meal was then provided to the microorganism by a separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process. In all the cases R. toruloides was able to grow and accumulate carotenoids, at a concentration comparable with those reported in the literature from other residual biomasses. SHF production was further tested in bioreactor to acquire quantitative data under industrially relevant conditions. Overall, we demonstrated the potential use of the Camelina sativa meal as raw material for bioprocesses based on R. toruloides, an oily yeast naturally able of accumulating carotenoids. A second activity concerned the exploitation of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum): since its cellulose content, we applied the principles exposed for the Camelina meal to the waste deriving from the extraction of polyphenols from cinnamon as well. The hydrolysis via enzymatic cocktail was tested at different operating pH, successfully resulting in released sugars available for the growth of microorganisms. Since cinnamon possess antimicrobial properties, an on-plate testing of different yeast species was carried out: in the presence of cinnamon extract waste hydrolysate, all the tested species proved to be able to grow, meaning that the initial extraction diminishes the levels of antimicrobial species in the residues. In the case of R. toruloides, it was able to produce carotenoids both on plate and in liquid media derived from cinnamon waste. Another class of high added-value molecules we focused on were folates: the yeast S. cerevisiae was engineered in order to increase the production of these molecules of pharmacological relevance. Modulation of the shikimate and folate pathways were proposed to assess their effect on the different forms of folates produced from glucose. Finally, the production of biomethane from manure by microbial consortia was evaluated using a computational model: we updated existing equations to better describe microbial conversion of sugars into biomethane and modified specific process parameters to simulate and predict possible increases in production. Overall, this work explored different aspects of the concept of cascading applied to several biomasses, microbial cell factories and products.
Vernes, Léa. "Mise au point d’un procédé innovant d’éco-extraction assisté par ultrasons d’ingrédients alimentaires à partir de spiruline et transposition à l’échelle industrielle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0273.
Повний текст джерелаMicroalgae are one of the most promising renewable resource for future sustainable food. Thanks to their diversity of metabolism, these microorganisms can synthesize a wide range of compounds of interest with high nutritional value. However, their consumption remains limited because of their intrinsic organoleptic characteristics unattractive. To tackle this problem and to overcome these barriers, this thesis was focused on the development of a production process of food ingredient from spirulina.A green and innovative method using ultrasonic technology for the extraction of proteins from Arthrospira platensis was proposed in a first part. This is the manothermosonication (MTS). The use of an experimental plan made it possible to optimize extraction parameters; and mathematical modeling and microscopic investigations led to an understanding of the mass transfer phenomena on the one hand, and the structural effects of ultrasound on spirulina filaments on the other hand. According to the experimental results, MTS allowed to obtain 229 % more proteins (28.42 ± 1.15 g / 100 g DW) compared to the conventional method without ultrasound (8.63 ± 1.15 g / 100 g DW). With 28.42 g of protein per 100 g of spirulina in the extract, a protein recovery rate of 50% was achieved in 6 minutes with a continuous MTS process. Based on these promising results, extrapolation tracks have been studied in order to propose decision support tools for process industrialization. Thus, a risk analysis procedure (HACCP & HAZOP), a cost study as well as the environmental impact of the process were developed in a second part of this work. Lastly, ways of exploiting by-products have been presented in a biorefinery approach
Jacquemin, Leslie. "Production d'hémicelluloses de pailles et de sons de blé à une échelle pilote. Etude des performances techniques et évaluation environnementale d'un agro-procédé." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0140/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work was to evaluate the technical and environmental performance of a fractionation and purification process of hemicelluloses from wheat straw and bran. The approach used was first to assess the feasibility of the process on a pilot scale. This implied setting up twin-screw extrusion, concentration steps by ultrafiltration and a purification step by ion exchange chromatography. It was compared to a more traditional process where the extruded extract was treated by evaporation and ethanol precipitation. Study of the chemical composition of extracts and powders produced at each stage of the process, showed that the twin-screw extrusion gave lower yields than other extraction techniques, but had the advantage in terms of scale, continuity of the process and low water consumption. Furthermore, ultrafiltration is an interesting technique because it allows simultaneous purification and concentration of the extracts, and ion exchange chromatography proved to be an attractive solution for the removal of coloured compounds. In a second step, the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was applied to the process. This highlighted the strong environmental impact generated by some unit operations, and resulted in the identification of priorities to improve the process. Thus, the scenario involving a combination of ultrafiltration with ion exchange chromatography appears to be more advantageous than that involving vacuum evaporation combined with ethanol precipitation. The approach used also provides methodological answers for LCA applied to processes: the importance of taking into account different characterization methods, testing the sensitivity of the study to the functional unit, and reconsidering the initial assumptions, has been stressed. Finally, in order to demonstrate its high potential in the field of processes, LCA has been applied to some unit operations. The interest of studying the influence of process operating conditions on environmental impacts has been demonstrated. In addition, the need to develop tools for modelling processes that can be coupled to those of LCA in order to fully integrate environmental criteria into process design, has been highlighted
Hedenfelt, Eva. "Mikroalgbaserad biogas - ett raffinerat bidrag till en hållbar stadsutveckling." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21149.
Повний текст джерелаThis paper examines the possibility of using microalgae as raw material for the production ofbiogas. This was achieved through studies of relevant literature as well as through a basicproject plan regarding the initiation of a pilot plant. The theory of sustainable microalgaecultivation is based on the utilization of existing resource flows that are currently unutilized insociety, such as waste water and flue gas emissions. These resources can cause environmentalissues such as climate change, eutrophication and acidification. However, they can alsoprovide the nutrients necessary for effective microalgal growth, and the microalgae can inturn be utilized as a sustainable energy source for production of biogas. Replacing fossil fuelswith microalgal biogas may lead to environmental benefits. A review of literature, however,shows that when biogas alone is produced from the microalgae the process is noteconomically sustainable. Hence, a biorefinery concept is suggested where products such ashydrogen, enzymes, heat and power make the system sustainable. A basic project plandiscribes one possible scenario for the initiation of sustainable cultivation of microalgae andthe subsequent biorefining process for the production of biogas. The project is divided intofour phases: 1) system design and sustainability analysis; 2) a feasibility study for phase 3 and4; 3) laboratory tests; and 4) pilot scale tests. Only the initial phase of the project, whichdefines the system design described in the literature study and provides a sustainabilityanalysis over the defined system, is discussed in detail. None of the project phases will beimplemented as part of this study.
Beaufils, Nicolas. "Étude du bioraffinage de bois de feuillus en amont du procédé papetier kraft : influence des conditions d'extraction et de purification sur la production de molécules cibles." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0126.
Повний текст джерелаThe pulp production processes, in their optimized form, aim to recover wood by removing all impurities that are attached to cellulose fibres. In recent years, the profitability of these industries has fallen sharply. They are therefore looking for new outlets for their co-products. Until now, noncellulosic fractions have been recovered in energy form by combustion. However, these molecules can find outlets in various sectors, generating a new source of revenue for these companies. It is in this context that Fibre Excellence launched a project to produce high-purity cellulose in association with other molecules that can be obtained from hardwoods, in particular C5 (Xylose) and C6 (glucose) sugars and co-extracted phenolic fractions. The thesis is part of the project and aims to study the extraction and purification of extracted phenolic compounds using subcritical water as an extraction solvent. Following the physico-chemical characterization of the four hardwood species of the Pyrenees (poplar, beech, oak and chestnut), their extraction under subcritical water conditions was optimized according to different operating conditions (time, temperature, L/S ratio) and for different extraction processes ranging from laboratory to pilot scale. It is under the action of pressurized hot water that the extraction of phenolic compounds (e.g. tannins/lignins) and polysaccharides (hemicelluloses) was carried out. It has been shown that extraction yields differ according to the morphology of the treated wood species regardless of the process, with limitations highlighted by mass transfer phenomena depending on the process under study. Furthermore, the possibility of extracting phenolic compounds prior to hemicelluloses has been demonstrated. Finally, the purification of extracts rich in phenolic compounds was studied in ultrafiltration and ion-exchange chromatography, which made it possible to separate different phenolic fractions but also gallic acid and ellagic acid, molecules with high added value
MASTELLA, LUCA. "PROCESS AND METABOLIC ENGINEERING FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN B9 IN YEASTS AS EXAMPLE OF INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/402373.
Повний текст джерелаLignocellulose is the major structural component of woody and non-woody plants, representing a major potential source of renewable organic matter. Lignocellulose is primarily composed by two carbohydrate polymers, cellulose and hemicellulose and by lignin (an aromatic polymer). These complex polymers on the one hand often constitute a residual biomass of agro-food production chain, but at the same time they contain different sugar monomers and phenolic precursors, harbouring an enormous biotechnological value, since they can potentially be converted into different value-added products. In a scenario where the world population is increasing together with the generation of waste and pollution at the expenses of planet resources and human wellbeing, this project aims at proposing an example of circular bioeconomy and industrial symbiosis. More in detail, the project starts from the quali-quantitative evaluation of residual agricultural biomasses to the valorization of a subset of interest for our territory into folates, exploiting yeasts as microbial cell factory. Folate (Vitamin B9) is a water-soluble B vitamin with important roles in nucleic acid synthesis, repair and methylation, produced only by green plants and some microorganisms: for these reasons it represents an essential nutritional component for humans. Vitamin B9 commercially available is chemically synthetized as folic acid, suboptimal in terms of bioactivity for humans; the production of natural folates by microbial fermentation is therefore becoming a sustainable and desirable alternative for human supplementation. During the project the ENEA methodology for the analysis of resource flows and for the creation of possible synergies between the various companies present in the Lombardy region was acquired and applied. Thanks to this work it was possible to identify the main waste biomasses produced in the area in the agro-food sector and unfermented grape marcs was then selected for further studies in laboratory, and compared with previously utilised residual biomasses, deriving from sugar process of production. The non-conventional yeast Scheffersomyces stipitis was exploited as natural but never investigated host for the production of vitamin B9. The growth was optimized and folate production was assessed first in shake flasks and then in bioreactor in formulated media mimicking lignocellulose hydrolysates. The maximum folate production was 3.7 ± 0.07 mg/L, which to date is the highest reported when considering wild type microorganisms. Moreover, folate production was evaluated in shake flasks starting from three different residual biomasses: sugar beet molasses (SBM), sugar beet pulp (SBP) and unfermented grape marcs (UGM). S. stipitis was able to metabolize these biomasses, reaching folate titers of 188.2 ± 24.86 μg/L, 130.6 ± 1.34 μg/L and 101.9 ± 6.62 μg/L respectively. In parallel, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, amenable for genetic manipulation, was engineered into the anabolic pathway of folate production to acquire novel knowledge on possible targets for unlocking bottlenecks of production. Eight different genes were manipulated for the first time in the same genetic background and exploiting different engineering strategies. This was pivotal for testing the best strain in bioreactor and in bringing folate production and productivity up to 620.0 ± 12.30 μg/L and 41.33 μgfol/Lh respectively, among the highest in the literature. Overall, these results provide solid evidence of possible up-cycling microbial-based processes of lignocellulosic biomasses that characterize specific territory. The value in terms of circularity of the resources, minimization of management costs of wastes and generation of values in the logic of industrial symbiosis was demonstrated, matching the initial scope of the PhD project.
Huet, Marion. "Valorisation hydrothermales de la liqueur noire à des fins énergétiques et de chimie verte." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI085/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to study sulfur free black liquor valorization through two hydrothermal processes: supercritical water gasification and hydrothermal liquefaction. These processes will be compared to the industrial process (evaporation and Tomlinson boiler) with 3 mains criteria: energetic yield, sodium recovery and phenolic molecules production.In supercritical conditions, gas formation is competitive with char formation. Fast heating and high temperature permit to increase gas yield, thus energetic yield. However, conversion of phenolic compounds from lignin is low below 500°C, leading to a lower energetic yield than reference. In a continuous process, at high temperatures (700°C) and fast heating, energetic yield should be 2 times higher than industrial process (simulation at thermodynamic equilibrium). Wood prehydrolysis and softwood lead to a lower conversion of black liquor.Hydrothermal liquefaction produces a biocrude which can be burnt and phenolic platform compounds. Indeed, lignin is depolymerized into reactive fragments which can be degraded into platform phenolic molecules. Moreover, the recombination of these fragments, leading to biocrude formation, is favored by the carbohydrates derivatives in black liquor. Wood prehydrolysis and hardwood lead to better energetic and phenolic molecules yields.Sodium recovery is satisfactory for both processes. Substitution of Tomlinson recovery by a hydrothermal process is then possible
De, rouffignac Aliénor. "Diversité des patrimoines et valorisation de la biomasse forestière : Quelles mutations des filières forêt-bois ?" Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIME006.
Повний текст джерелаClimate change now imposes new development opportunities or constraints on industries with a high environmental impact, such as the forest industry. The ecological transition and Bioeconomy then appeared as the main solution to modify these sectors based on a productivist economic model, towards sustainable industrial development. In this context of transition, this thesis proposes to understand the dynamics and evolution of the forest-based sector, especially with regard to the development of lignocellulosic biorefinery. This particular sector crystallizes environmental and energy-related issues of the current climate change context and also questions the importance of territory, insofar as the forest biomass valorization is dependent on the localized exploitation of natural resources. From a mesoeconomic point of view, the analysis of the dynamics of this complex and territorialized sector is based on the co-construction of economic actors, firms, industries and territories in which they operate. The objective of the thesis is to determine the characteristics of the interactions between these different stakeholders as well as their historical and territorial dynamics, which constitute the productive heritage of these sectors. The dimensions of these heritages highlight the possible paths of forest biomass valorization and allow us to question the visions of the future of the different stakeholders that also contextualize the trajectories of the forest-based sector