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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Biopolymères renouvelables"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Biopolymères renouvelables"
Babineau, Daniel, Dominique Chartray, and Roland Leduc. "Étude comparative de deux floculants pour le traitement physicochimique d'une eau usée municipale : chitosane et polymère de synthèse." Water Quality Research Journal 43, no. 2-3 (May 1, 2008): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2008.025.
Повний текст джерелаLEBRE, S., G. DAVID, C. NEGRELL, H. CARRERE, A. BATTIMELLI, E. RUIZ, L. VACHOUD, and C. WISNIEWSKI. "Optimisation de la séparation de phases de digestat par un coagulant-floculant biosource." Techniques Sciences Méthodes 4 (April 20, 2023): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/202304021.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Biopolymères renouvelables"
Landreau, Emmanuel. "Matériaux issus de ressources renouvelables. Mélanges amidon plastifié/PA11 compatibilisés." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000801.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTo develop renewable resources based material, plasticized starch were blend with polyamide 11, a bio-based polymer from castor oil, to improve its mechanical properties and water resistance. Through the high polarity of the amide group, the blends need a compatibilizer to be efficient. The different molecules tested are polysaccharides with anionic groups known to interact with polyamide: sodium alginate, carraghenan and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Tests runs in blender show that only sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) can improve blend tensile properties. Optimization of the plasticizer, the compatibilizer level and the blend process lead to a mainly starch based material (70%) with a high tensile strength (15 MPa) and elongation at break (130%) with only 1% of CMC. These materials were blends in a twin screw extruder to be studied. SEM, solvent extraction, rheology and electrical resistance mesurment show a continuous PA phase up to 80% of starch. The polysaccharide has a mainly nodular morphology with a partial percolation around 30% starch. Isolated nodules co-exist with a co-continous structure up very high starch content. CMC reduce interfacial tension and nodule size preventing their coalescence. Compostability test on blends, show that starch mineralization is complete whatever its concentration is, but PA remain resistant to biodegradation
Stoclet, Grégory. "Étude de la structuration à différents niveaux d’échelle et du comportement thermomécanique d’un polymère issu de ressources renouvelables : l’acide poly(lactique)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10123/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work deals with the characterization of the thermomechanical behavior in relation to the structural organization at different scales of a bio-based polymer candidate for the replacement of usual polymers, the Poly(lactic acid). The present study is motivated by the complex behavior exhibited by this polymer, mainly linked to the occurrence of stereo-isomers.The first goal of this work was the characterization as a function of co-monomer content, of the thermomechanical response in relation to the existing local macromolecular arrangements in the amorphous phase The second goal was the study of the structural evolution of an industrial PLA copolymer uniaxially stretched at T>Tg. Combined in situ SAXS and WAXS experiments using a synchrotron radiation have provided clear insights into the structure-property relationships of the material. It has been shown that a mesomorphic phase was induced for some drawing conditions and its origin has been related to some features of the macromolecular chain dynamics.Particular interest has been paid to the study on the one hand, of the influence of initial crystallinity of the material on its mechanical response, and on the other hand, of the structural evolution induced during stretching. Finally it has been shown that PLA deformation at below Tg was governed by a competition between two deformation mechanisms namely crazing and shear banding, the latter becoming predominant as the temperature is increased
Panwiriyarat, Wannarat. "Preparation and properties of bio-based polyurethane made from natural rubber and poly(ε-caprolactone)". Thesis, Le Mans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEMA1022/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this research work was to prepare a novel bio-based polyurethane (PU) composed by chemically modified natural rubber (NR) and poly(ε-caprolactone) diol (PCL), with and without isocyanate. Hydroxyl telechelic natural rubber (HTNR) was synthesized via epoxidized and carbonyl telechelic natural rubber. The parameters studied included type and relative amount of diisocyanate, molar ratio between diisocyante and diol (NCO:OH), molecular weight of HTNR and PCL diol, 1,4-butane diol (BDO, chain extender) content and molar ratio between HTNR:PCL diols. Three types of diisocyanate were employed: isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The number average molecular weights of HTNR and PCL diol were selected: 1700, 2800 and 2900 g/mol for HTNR and 530 and 2000 g/mol for PCL diol. The NCO:OH molar ratio was in the range 0.75:1.00 – 2.85:1.00. PU was prepared by one-shot method. The chemical structure of HTNR, PCL and PU were identified by 1H-NMR FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Tensile properties and tear resistance of PU were investigated. Characterization of mechanical and thermal properties was carried out using DSC, DMTA and TGA. A preliminary study showed that the molecular weight of PU increased with increasing NCO:OH molar ratio and reaction time, and chloroform was not a good solvent for polymer casting. Tetrahydrofuran was an appropriate solvent as it allowed film formation and it was used in all the other experiments. The NCO:OH molar ratio of 1.25:1.00 was suitable for preparing good PU films. FTIR analysis verified the presence of urethane linkages and crosslinking or chain branching. PU demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, which depended on the chemical composition. Excluding the use of PCL2000 and HDI, the tensile behavior seemed to have typical elastomeric characteristics. PU became amorphous except in the case of HDI, which was able to crystallize leading to the crystalline PU. The crystallinity increased the Young’s modulus, the tear strength, the hardness and the thermal stability of PU. PU showed a phase separation between the PCL and HTNR segments. The longer and more flexible chain and non-polarity of HTNR were responsible of a decrease of the mechanical properties and transition temperatures. The very high molar ratio of NCO:OH (2.85:1.00) changed the tensile characteristics from an elastomer to a plastic. The high crosslinking was attributed to there being no phase separation between the hard and the soft segment. Hydrogen bonding between the PCL diol and the hard segment produced a high Tg. Raman spectra were able to identify the urethane linkage of PU containing different diisocyanates by showing the relative absorbance peaks. Synthesis of PU without isocyanate was successfully obtained via a polyaddition polymerization between a cyclic carbonate telechelic PCL/NR and 1,4-butylenediamine. The cyclic carbonate telechelic NR and cyclic carbonate telechelic PCL were prepared via the modification of the hydroxyl end groups of HTNR and PCL diols to carboxylic acid end groups by reacting with succinic anhydride. Then, the carboxylic acid end groups were changed to the cyclic carbonate end groups by using glycerol carbonate
Zhang, Qiang. "Chain conformation of cellulose, a sustainable biopolymer, and its derivatives in ionic liquid studied by small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF075.
Повний текст джерелаCellulose, a renewable bio-polymer, can replace non-biodegradable materials in various technological applications. Industrially, it is first dissolved, then processed (e.g. by spinning), and finally “regenerated” (recrystallization by adding water). However, dissolution from the very stable crystal structure requires harsh, pollutant solvents for individual chains to stay in solution. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as non - polluting effective solvents. This thesis aims at the dissolution process and dissolved state checking how the two selected ILs are successful solvents, which is controversial. Our approach is to study structure and conformation of cellulose chains by X-Ray and neutron scattering, which are very weak (< 1 cm⁻¹), due to the small volume of the thin rod, the low contrast and difficult to measure due to high sensitivity to water. Chapter 1 summarizes the state of the art on solutions of cellulose in different widely industrially used solvents, in ionic liquids, and in scattering studies, light, X-rays and neutrons, showing various states of dispersion. Chapter 2 presents the preparation of the samples and the techniques. Chapter 3 reports Small Angle X rays Scattering (SAXS) studies, using high flux and narrow beam synchrotron spectrometers. We first monitored MicroCrystalline Cellulose (MCC, Degree of Polymerisation DP ≈ 200 units) in two Butyl-methyl-imidazolium based ILs: acetate (BmimAc), or Chloride (BmimCl). Different regimes are assumed from rheological studies. -In the dilute regime (0.005 – 0.02 g/g). Scattering is fitted to the form factor P(q) of a rod-like chain, surrounded by a shell of density different from the one of the solvent, with possibly a large persistence length (> 7 nm). -For larger concentrations, in yet well dissolved cases, a structure factor unveils soft interchain repulsions, without strong alignment. -At higher concentration, the scattering suggests a liquid-liquid phase separation -Finally, at the highest concentrations, non-dissolved crystals are detected at large q (WAXS), a great advantage of our technique. The coexistence with crystals was also investigated during swelling in nanocellulose crystals films or fibers, through narrow beam scanning of a concentration gradient. The effect of a small percentage of added water was tested, the IL good solvents for cellulose being quite hygroscopic. Above a few per cent of water, much stronger scattering suggests strong concentration fluctuations, or biphasic structure, useful to understand the first stages of the “regeneration” (recrystallization) step performed by adding water, to obtain the final products. Cellulose of other origin and similarly small molecular weights (in rayon, and CNC), superimpose their scattering on the one of MCC. Bacterial cellulose scattering superposes only at large q (hence a complete identity at local scale), but shows an additional strong low q upturn, due to independent aggregates. This opens the way to neutron scattering experiments using deuteriated cellulose, which is available only in a bacterial form. Chapter 4 reports the measurements of: -Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) shows for low concentrations a profile similar to SAXS, allowing a complementary evaluation of the Scattering Length Density of cellulose. Using extrapolation at Zero Deuteriated Cellulose Fraction, we attempted the extraction of the intrachain function S₁(q)~P(q), the interchain function S₂(q). Difficulties appeared at low q due to the strong upturn, while high q showed agreement with the SAXS measurement of the form factor below c*. -Wide Angle Neutron Scattering (WANS) was used to track the correlations at short scale. Different solvents were used in which either the Bmim cation, or the anion Ac, or both, were deuteriated using our own synthesis processes. Comparisons enable us to discuss about possible absorption of the acetate anions on the cellulose chains
Kanake, Yempab. "Développement de nanocomposites à base de polymères d'origine renouvelable - optimisation des propriétés barrière et de transport." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS022/document.
Повний текст джерелаPolymer based nanocomposites have been used for several years in various industrial fields. They allow an improvement of the polymer properties and/or an access to some almost non-existent properties of the neat material. However, the used polymers originated mostly from petrochemical industry. In recent years, the accumulation of toxic waste, among others, led to a gradual replacement of these materials by polymers from agro-resources and/or biodegradables. Our study focuses on two biodegradable polymers used as matrix in nanocomposites, poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS). It aims, on one hand, to improve their barrier properties to gases and water vapor, and on the other, to make them heat conductors. To achieve this, two different kinds of fillers were used. The first one, organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), has achieved a significant improvement in mechanical and barrier properties of the polymer. The second one, expanded graphite (EG), has proven its ability to increase heat transport properties of polymers. A literature review has revealed that the conditions of nanocomposite preparation and the affinities between the two materials greatly influence the final properties of the nanocomposite. Thus the preparation parameters were optimized by varying the melting time and temperature as well as the preparation method according to the fillers used. To improve the interaction between the matrix and the fillers, they were functionalized with an alkoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy-Silane. The effects of this functionalization on the mechanical, barrier, thermal and thermophysical properties of nanocomposites are presented. For EG based nanocomposites, the EG size effect and size distribution on the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites were discussed based on a theoretical model using the Maxwell-Garnett mean-field theory
Alcaraz, Jean-Pierre. "Conception guidée par la physiologie de biopiles bioinspirées implantables." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS011/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe believe that in the near future micro-robots or artificial implanted organs can replace failing essential organs. Lithium batteries of cardiac pacemakers are well adapted to operate for years into sick patients. However, for next generation energy intensive implanted devices, longevity and volumic power of these batteries have to be improved.We chose two biomimetic approaches to create bioinspired biofuel cells: the enzymatic biofuel cells generate electrical current from the oxidation and the reduction of organic or inorganic compounds. The biomimetic biofuel cell generate an electrical potential from ion transfer across a biomimetic membrane.The enzymatic biofuel.cells, utilizing glucose and oxygen, are theorically able to work almost indefinitely as their substrates are always present in the body fluids. However, the biocompatibility and the long-term performance of these biofuel cells for a human implantation remain a real bottleneck. This thesis describes the design and the implantation of of new enzymatic biofuel cells in different animal models. The implantation of such devices is challenging and we brought creative solutions with a physiological point of view by addressing biocompatibility problems and electrical measurement techniques. We are now capable to implant these biofuel cells in big animals by analyzing the performances of the biofuel cell in real time.This thesis initiates the biomimetic biofuel cell concept. It consists in membrane transport protein (i.e ion channels) incorporated in a biomimetic membrane. The building of a biomimetic device demonstrates the transformation of a NaCl gradient into a proton gradient. We also generate a 20 mV voltage with a 38 mm² flat membrane. This biomimetic membrane containing the NhaA sodium/ proton exchanger is stable for more than two weeks
Grousseau, Estelle. "Potentialités de production de Poly-Hydroxy-Alcanoates (PHA) chez Cupriavidus necator sur substrats de type acides gras volatifs : études cinétiques et métaboliques." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0002/document.
Повний текст джерелаReserve Biopolymer (PolyHydroxyAlkanoates or PHA) accumulation by the strain Cupriavidus necator, from Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA, like butyric acid, propionic acid and acetic acid) was investigated. This production is induced by a phosphorus limitation. For this type of substrates, performances reached during cultures are among the best listed in the literature: up to 66 g.L-1 of total biomass with 88% (w/w) of PHB –PolyHydroxyButyrate- or PHB-co-HV -PolyHydroxyButyrate-co-HydroxyValerate- with a HV content up to 52 Mole%.For each carbon source, kinetic and stoechiometric characterization has been carried out thanks to Fed-Batch cultures with non-limiting and non-inhibitory carbon feed. It has been established:- a maximal growth rate of 0,33 h-1 for the three acid investigated- a relationship between specific PHA production rate and growth rate which is set by the availability and production flux of NADPH2. For growth rate above 0,05 h-1, there is an inverse coupling. For growth rate under 0,05 h-1, there is a partial coupling.- an optimum of 0,35 Cmole.Cmole-1.h-1 is associated with a growth rate of 0,05 h-1.- if a low residual growth rate is maintained, an improvement of PHB production is recorded in terms of specific production rate and yieldsThe response of the strain to an excess of acid substrate was characterized through the investigation of transient state induced by pulsed addition of substrate during continuous cultures stabilized in steady state. It was shown that in excess of phosphorus, when there is a substrate excess, the strain is unable to quickly adapt its growth rate, so the excess is directed to PHA production whose ways seem to be more easily mobilized. Under phosphorus limitation, an excess of substrate is used for PHA production. Acid inhibition results in a decrease in biomass and PHA production capacity which leads to a decrease in carbon assimilation and conversion yields. The sensitivity of a continuous system to an excess of substrate depends on the chosen operating point: the more it is optimal in terms of specific production rate, the less the system is robust. Propionic acid is highly inhibitory compared to the other acids studied (from 3-4 mM versus 30-40 mM). It does not act only via an excessive accumulation in the cytoplasm but also exerts a specific inhibition of metabolic pathways.An antagonism between substrates (acetic and butyric acid) has been established and explained thanks to the Metabolic Flux Analysis. Acetic acid is preferentially used to produce biomass, energy and cofactors for PHA synthesis, whereas butyric acid is used to product PHB. According to the conditions set during steady state, maximal content of acetic acid admitted in the feed can be calculated. It can be limited to 40% of the carbon in the feed.Finally if a growth rate is maintained thanks to a phosphorus supply, the maximal HV content in polymer is function of propionic acid in the feed and cannot exceed 33 ± 5 Mole% on pure propionic acid. Conversely, if there is no residual growth, a total conversion of propionic acid into HV is allowed