Статті в журналах з теми "Biomass fly ash and bottom ash"
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1
Haryanti, N. H., Suryajaya, H. Wardhana, S. Husain, R. Noor, Y. Anggraini, N. Sofi, and D. Aprilia. "Briquettes from Biomass Waste." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2104, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2104/1/012003.
Анотація:
Abstract This research made three kinds of briquettes from various biomass waste, including alaban wood charcoal and rubber seed shells mixed with coal bottom ash and coal fly ash. The purpose of the study was to obtain the characteristics and quality of briquette combustion. Making briquettes is by drying, grinding, and sifting raw materials then mixed with adhesive, printing and drying. Briquettes were made with variations in composition and pressure and the particle size of the material passing through the 50 and 250 mesh sieves. Briquettes produced from alaban wood charcoal and coal bottom ash, or fly ash, obtained more bottom ash or fly ash composition characteristics. The moisture content and calorific value would be lower while the ash content was higher. While the initial ignition time, the combustion duration is getting longer, but the burning rate would decrease. Briquettes made from rubber seed shells and coal bottom ash obtained variations in composition and pressure that affect the characteristics and quality of combustion. The higher the rubber seed shell composition and pressure, the lower the water and ash content, but the calorific value increased.
2
Setiaji, Nurul Faizah, Ariyanti Sarwono, and I. Wayan Koko Suryawan. "Differences in the Quality of Bottom Ash and Fly Ash for the Cement Industry as an Alternative Fuel (AF)." Journal of Earth and Marine Technology (JEMT) 3, no. 2 (May 20, 2023): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.jemt.2023.v3i2.4154.
Анотація:
Cement is a prominent Indonesian industry. Industrial fuel needs are growing. In Indonesia, biomass is an essential natural resource with a variety of primary products such as fiber, wood, oil, food, and others that are utilized domestically and exported to generate foreign cash. This study compares fly ash and bottom ash as alternative fuel feedstock materials from the cement industry. This study uses cement industry data from East Java. As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, TI, Sb, Co, Ni, Cu, V, Zn, Se, and Sn for bottom ash and fly ash quality data are employed. The investigation followed a paired t-test to compare ash types based on metal characteristics, then an ANOVA post-test to establish the significance of bottom ash and fly ash values. The paired t-test on two types of ash showed a 0.103 difference. ANOVA shows that ash kinds differ significantly. Bottom ash and fly ash have different qualities. Hence their management requires various approaches. This treatment utilizes bottom ash. For fly ash, the quality-related parameters must be lowered.
3
Ulewicz, Małgorzata, and Jakub Jura. "Effect of fly and bottom ash mixture from combustion of biomass on strength of cement mortar." E3S Web of Conferences 18 (2017): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20171801029.
Анотація:
The preliminary results of fly and bottom ash mixture form combustion od biomass (80% of tree waste and 20% of palm kernel shells) for the produce of ceramic mortars has been presented. Currently, bio- ash from fluidized bed are deposited in landfills. Use of this ash to production of cement mortar instead of sand will reduce the consumption of the mineral resources. The chemical composition of this waste materials was determined using X-ray fluorescence (spectrometer ARL Advant ‘XP). Cement mortar were made using CEM I 42.5 R. The ash were added in an amount 20% of cement weight (in different proportions of fly and bottom ash). The results showed, that the compressive strength (after 28 days) of cement mortar containing ash is higher regardless of the type of ash mixture used. The highest compressive strength (increased by 7.0% compared to the control sample) was found for cement mortars in which the ratio of fly ash to bottom ash was 10/90. This mortars also showed the highest frost resistance (after 150 cycles freezes and unfreeze). The largest decrease the compressive strength (over 18.7%) after the frost resistance test. While cement mortars in which the ratio of fly ash to bottom ash was 90/10 showed the highest frost resistance (after 150 cycles freezes and unfreeze).
4
Kępys, Waldemar. "Bottom ash obtained from biomass burning in fluidised-bed boilers as a mortar component." E3S Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 00009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184600009.
Анотація:
The production of energy from biomass causes generation of solid waste, in the forms of fly ash and bottom ash. Owing to both economic considerations and environmental protection, it is required to recover those types of waste. The physical and economic properties of bottom ash indicate that waste ash can constitute a substitute of sand in the production of mortars. Consequently, tests were performed on the influence of bottom ash, used as sand substitute, on the mechanical properties of mortar. The test results indicated a possibility of using bottom ash as a mortar component
5
Küçük, Mehmet Emin, Teemu Kinnarinen, Juha Timonen, Olli Mulari, and Antti Häkkinen. "Characterisation of Industrial Side Streams and Their Application for the Production of Geopolymer Composites." Minerals 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11060593.
Анотація:
This study focuses on characterisation of side streams including biomass fly ash, biomass bottom ash, coal fly ash, green liquor dregs, limestone mine tailings, and electric arc furnace steel slag from different industrial locations in Finland. It was found that the fly ash samples contained the highest Al2O3 and SiO2 concentrations, a large number of spherical particles of small sizes and high specific surface areas. Fly ashes and steel slag were observed to contain higher amounts of amorphous phases compared to the other side streams. The high loss on ignition value of the coal fly ash and green liquor dregs was found to exceed the limitations for their application in geopolymer composites. Despite their relatively high concentrations in ashes and steel slag, the leaching tests have shown that no hazardous metal leached out from the streams. Finally, test specimens of geopolymer composites (GP2) were prepared by the application of biomass fly ash, bottom ash, and limestone mine tailings without any pre-treatment process, in addition to the ordinary Portland cement-(R) and metakaolin-based geopolymer composites (GP1). The measured compressive (14.1 MPa) and flexural strength (3.5 MPa) of GP2 suggest that it could be used in concrete kerbs and paving flags. The data has also shown that over 500% of the compressive strength was developed between 7 and 28 days in GP2, whereas in the case of reference concrete (R) and the metakaolin-based geopolymer composite (GP1) it was developed in the first 7 days.
6
Pazo, Amparo, Magín Lapuerta, Anselmo Acosta, Juan J. Hernández, and Esperanza Monedero. "Effect of Exhausted Olive Cake Contamination on Fly and Bottom Ash in Power Plants." Waste and Biomass Valorization 13, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 1759–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01609-5.
Анотація:
AbstractWith the aim to prevent possible power plant malfunction due to the feedstock properties and suggest possible ash applications, feedstock samples and bottom and fly ash samples collected along more than a year in a 16 MW suspension-fired boiler power plant, fed mainly with pulverized exhausted olive cake (orujillo), were studied. A detailed characterization of fly and bottom ash has been done, as well as a seasonal evolution study. Altogether in order to find any trend on the ash composition changes and to study the relationship between ash (both fly and bottom fractions) and, on the one hand, the feedstock composition, and on the other hand, the troublesome deposit formation. A relationship between deposit growth and higher Cl and Na content in the feedstock has been noticed, showing the need for some control on these feedstock’s components. The high Cl and Na content is attributed to external contamination. Furthermore, the high Al content in the feedstock and the strong relationship between Al, Fe and Si (indicating a common origin) suggest some biomass soil contamination. However, no relationship was observed between troublesome deposit formation and the hypothesized biomass soil contamination. Graphic Abstract
7
Suárez-Macías, Jorge, Juan María Terrones-Saeta, Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino, and Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias. "Development of Cold In-Place Recycling with Bitumen Emulsion and Biomass Bottom Ash." Crystals 11, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040384.
Анотація:
Power generation from biomass is one of the most promising energy sources available today. However, this industry has a series of wastes derived from its activity, mainly biomass fly ash and biomass bottom ash. Biomass bottom ash is a waste that has no current use and, in most cases, is deposited in landfills. In turn, road construction is one of the activities that produces the most pollution, as it requires huge amounts of raw materials. Therefore, this research proposes the use of biomass bottom ashes, in an unaltered form, for the formation of cold in-place recycling with bitumen emulsion. This type of mixture, which is highly sustainable owing to the use of a high percentage of waste, was made with reclaimed asphalt pavement, biomass bottom ash, water, and bitumen emulsion. To this end, the grading curve of the materials was analyzed, different bituminous mixtures were made with varying percentages of emulsion and water, and the mechanical properties of the mixtures were analyzed. At the same time, the same type of mix was made with reclaimed asphalt pavement and commercial limestone aggregate, in order to compare the results. The tests showed a better mechanical behavior of the bituminous mixes made with biomass bottom ash, maintaining physical properties similar to those of conventional mixes. In short, it was confirmed that the production of this type of mix with biomass bottom ash was feasible, creating sustainable materials that reuse currently unused waste and avoid landfill disposal.
8
Barbosa, R., N. Lapa, H. Lopes, A. Morujo, and B. Mendes. "Removal of phosphorus from wastewaters by biomass ashes." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 9 (October 19, 2013): 2019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.455.
Анотація:
Removal batch assays of phosphates from a synthetic wastewater (SWW) and a pulp and paper mill wastewater (PPWW) with two forestry biomass ashes were performed. The supernatants were not only chemically characterized but also the ecotoxicity was determined using two organisms: Vibrio fischeri and Artemia franciscana. The addition of fly ash and bottom ash to the SWW in solid/liquid (S/L) ratios of 3.35 and 9.05 g L−1, respectively, achieved removal percentages of phosphates >97% for both ashes. The addition of fly ash and bottom ash to the PPWW in S/L ratios of 34.45 and 46.59 g L−1, respectively, yield removal percentages of phosphates >90% for both ashes. According to the results of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, the removal of phosphates from the SWW was mainly explained by surface removal mechanisms, while the removal from the PPWW was partially explained by multi-layer mechanisms. The supernatants resulting from the treatment of SWW and PPWW with both biomass ashes did not present acute ecotoxicity.
9
Ling, Xuan, Wei Chen, Katrin Schollbach, and H. J. H. Brouwers. "Valorization of biomass bottom ash in alkali-activated GGBFS-fly ash: Impact of biomass bottom ash characteristic, silicate modulus and aluminum-anodizing waste." Construction and Building Materials 428 (May 2024): 136408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136408.
10
Ibrahim, Norlia Mohamad, Syakirah Afizah Mohamed, Roshazita Che Amat, Nur Liza Rahim, Warid Wazien Ahmad Zailani, Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim, Lucian Laslo, and Khairul Nizar Ismail. "Viability Study on Fly Ash and Bottom Ash from Combustion Waste." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1216, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1216/1/012025.
Анотація:
Abstract The substitution or addition of new supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in the production of variety of construction materials has gained much interest. One of the examples of SCM is incineration ash which consist of fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) which are the residues from the ignition of biomass and can brings applicable ecological advantages. However, the properties of this new materials need to be investigated to ensure its full potential can be developed. Therefore, this study is initiated to identify the characteristics of incineration ash from local source in Malaysia. To identify the elemental components of ashes, most widely method was adopted which is using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The quantity of unburned carbon in fly ash is measured by loss on ignition, which has a major influence on the product’s characteristics. In addition, specific gravity and density were also determined and comparison has been made with cement. In this study it was found out that XRF results shows that both FA and BA consist of the same mineral composition with OPC majorly in silica, aluminium, calcium, and iron which makes is suitable to be used in the concrete. For LOI, the value for BA is much higher compared with FA due to the amount of unburnt carbon in its original compositions and the incomplete burning due to insufficient contact time in the furnace. Based on the result obtained for LOI, the average LOI value for FA and BA is 17.33 % and 44.67 %, respectively. As expected, for the specific gravity and density, FA having the lowest specific gravity and density. The density obtained for FA is 755 kg/m3 and for BA is 593 kg/m3. Overall, the use of incineration ash can be fully investigated by exploring other parameter that influence the performance of construction materials.
11
Lopes, Helena, and Susana Proença. "Insights into PCDD/Fs and PAHs in Biomass Boilers Envisaging Risks of Ash Use as Fertilizers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 18, 2020): 4951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144951.
Анотація:
Since ashes are a possible source of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) contamination, their application in soils must be subject to more study and control. In this scope, feed residual forest biomasses and biomass ashes, collected along one year in four biomass power stations, were characterized mainly for their polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) contents. The biomasses present concerning levels of Cl (0.04–0.28%) that may lead to PCDD/Fs formation. The biomasses also contain OCDD (29–260 ng/kg) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD (35 ng/kg) that may contribute to increased Toxic Equivalents (TEQs) of ashes, possibly involving dechlorination and ash enrichment mechanisms. While the WHO2005-TEQs in bottom ashes (14–20 ng TEQ/kg) reaches the proposed limit (20 ng TEQ/kg) for ash use as fertilizers, in fly ashes (35–1139 ng TEQ/kg) the limit is exceeded. PAHs are below 0.02 mg/kg in bottom ashes and 1.5–2.5 mg/kg in fly ashes, complying with the proposed limit of 6 mg/kg. As bottom and fly ash streams may contain different ash flows, a clear definition of ash mixes is required. Correlations between unburned carbon (C), PAHs and PCDD/Fs were not found, which highlights the need for compulsory PCDD/Fs analysis in ashes, independently of their origin, burnout degree or levels of other contaminants. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of handling non-detected values, which showed more impact for TEQs values close to the proposed regulatory limit of PCDD/Fs. These findings highlight the need to define reporting protocols of analytical results for risk assessments and conformity evaluation.
12
Backhouse, Daniel J., Adrien Guilbot, Alex Scrimshire, James D. Eales, Wei Deng, Anthony M. T. Bell, Feroz Kabir, Martyn Marshall, Robert Ireson, and Paul A. Bingham. "Biomass ashes as potential raw materials for mineral wool manufacture: initial studies of glass structure and chemistry." Glass Technology: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A 63, no. 1 (2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13036/17533546.63.1.003.
Анотація:
The energy intensive and CO2-generating nature of commercial mineral wool and glass production necessitates advances and changes in materials and processes. The derivation of raw materials from waste products arising from biomass energy generation offers the possibility of a two-fold environmental benefit: partial replacement of carbonate raw minerals in production, leading to lower CO2 release during melting; and the utilisation and valorisation of byproducts which may otherwise be sent to landfill. Glass samples with a basaltic mineral wool composition were produced with additions to the raw materials of 0, 1, 5 and 10 wt% of a fly ash and a bottom ash arising from biomass combustion. The resulting glasses were analysed by x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, dilatometry, 57Fe Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopies, and their densities, molar volumes and viscosity–temperature profiles were calculated and compared against benchmark glass samples. All biomass ash-containing glasses were closely similar in both composition and properties to the benchmark glass, with up to 10 wt% ash additions to the raw materials. In addition, the use of the biomass fly ash led to a reduction in batch CO2 content estimated to be 1·5 kg CO2 per tonne of batch for each 1 wt% addition. These initial results provide evidence supporting the further development of these ash materials as potential value-added raw materials for mineral wool manufacture.
13
Ulewicz, Malgorzata, and Jakub Jura. "Influence of Mix Fly and Bottom Ashes from Biomass on Selected Properties of Cement Mortars." Key Engineering Materials 828 (December 2019): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.828.14.
Анотація:
The preliminary results of utilization of fly and bottom ash from combustion of biomass for the produce of cement mortars has been presented. Currently, this waste are deposited in industrial waste landfills. The chemical composition of waste materials was determined using X-ray fluorescence (spectrometer ARL Advant 'XP). ). In the studies sand was replaced by mix of fly and bottom ash from the combustion of biomass in an amount of 10-30% by weight of cement CEM I 42.5 R (Cemex). The obtained cement mortar concrete were subjected to microscopic examination (LEO Electron Microscopy Ltd.) and their compressive strength (PN-EN-196-1), frost resistance (PN-EN 1015-11 and PN-B -04500 ) and absorbability (PN-85/B-04500) were identified. The obtained results showed, the replacement of the cement by mix ashes from combustion of biomass reduce consumption of raw materials and will have a good influence on the environment.
14
Kozielska, Barbara, Jacek Żeliński, and Mateusz Cieślar. "OCCURRENCE OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN BOTTOM ASH FROM INDIVIDUAL HEATING DEVICES." Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP 83 (September 29, 2022): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0220.
Анотація:
Combustion of solid fuels such as coal, biomass and, contrary to the applicable law, waste in individual heating devices still remains a serious problem in Poland. It causes the generation of large amounts of pollutants and harmful substances contained not only in fly ash released into the air with smoke but also in the bottom ash, which constitutes a serious environmental problem. This paper presents the results of a comparative study on the contents of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bottom ash from the combustion of hard coal (HC), wood (W) and a mixture of different solid fuels including municipal waste (MW), their sums and profiles. For the bottom ash samples taken for these fuels, the share of carcinogenic congeners in the sum of PAHs, toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity equivalents have also been determined. The highest content of total PAHs, amounting to an average of 20.7 ppb, was recorded for bottom ash obtained from combustion of a mixture of solid fuels and waste. For such ash, the toxicity and carcinogenicity equivalents were approximately twice as high as for other types of ash. Bottom ash was found to be dominated by benzo[a]anthracene, and the tetracyclic congeners accounted for 60-68% of all PAHs (W<MW<HC). Regardless of the origin of the bottom ash, approximately 60% of the total PAHs were constituted by carcinogenic compounds.
15
Kojder, Klaudia, and Małgorzata Śliwka. "Ocena możliwości wykorzystania popiołów ze spalania biomasy w rekultywacji biologicznej." Polish Journal for Sustainable Development 24, no. 2 (2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/pjsd.2020.24.2.7.
Анотація:
Energy waste generated as a result of fuel combustion is a significant environmental problem, due to its physicochemical properties and a large amount of this waste. Fly ash and bottom ash from lignite and coal combustion are used in various fields of the economy. Ashes from biomass combustion, due to their properties, have not yet found such wide application. The article discusses the preliminary experiments related to the assessment of the properties of fluidized ashes from biomass combustion in terms of their natural use.
16
Wójcik, Marta, and Feliks Stachowicz. "The application of biomass ashes in sewage sludge management – a SWOT analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400196.
Анотація:
Biomass plays an important role amongst renewable energy sources and for this reason, it is sometimes called as “future fuel”. According to different statistics, the share of biomass in renewable energy production is in excess of 50% and rising. The main disadvantage of biomass combustion in power plants is the production of combustion by-products, namely fly and bottom ash. In line with the sustainable development and waste hierarchy, biomass combustion by-products should be managed in different sectors of economy. Due to the specific properties, biomass ash might be applied as an effective reagent in sewage sludge management. This article shows the SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) associated with the use of biomass combustion by-products in sewage sludge treatment. The presented analysis could constitute the initial stage in implementation of new method in a big way in treatment plants.
17
Nugraha, Noviyanti, Muhammad Pramuda Sirodz, and Benardino Hadiwijaya. "Perancangan Alat Pembuangan Abu Pada Gasifier Sistem Kontinu Berbahan Bakar Tongkol Jagung." Jurnal Rekayasa Energi dan Mekanika 1, no. 2 (October 12, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/jrem.v1i2.102.
Анотація:
Abstrak Indonesia membutuhkan energi alternatif yang berpeluang besar untuk dikembangkan pemanfaatannya, salah satunya adalah energi biomassa yang berasal dari jagung. Pada penelitian sebelumnya sudah dirancang dan dibuat sistem gasifikasi kontinu, tetapi masih terdapat kekurangan pada pemisahan abu setelah pembakaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang sistem pemisah abu pada sistem gasifikasi kontinu sehingga didapatkan spesifikasi dari sistem pemisah abu tersebut. Sistem pemisah abu yang dirancang adalah screw conveyor untuk memisahkan bottom ash dan siklon untuk memisahkan fly ash. Hasil perancangan diperoleh spesifikasi yang dibutuhkan yaitu diameter screw sebesar 6 inci, motor listrik yang digunakan memiliki daya 1 HP, putaran screw sebesar 0,31 rpm dan poros screw conveyor sebesar 2 inci. Dengan standar yang sudah diberikan, dengan mengasumsikan diameter body siklon sebesar 0,1 m maka diperoleh seluruh dimensi siklon. Dengan diameter sebesar 0,1 m secara perhitungan didapat efisiensi siklon sebesar 78% dan secara simulasi menggunakan software ANSYS didapat efisiensi sebesar 80%. Kata kunci: tongkol jagung, gasifikasi, screw conveyor, siklon, ANSYS Abstract Indonesia needs alternative energy that has a great opportunity to be developed its utilization, one of which is biomass energy derived from corn. In previous studies, a continuous gasification system has been designed and built, but there are still deficiencies in the separation of ash after combustion. The purpose of this research is to design an ash separator system in a continuous gasification system so that the specifications of the ash separator system can be obtained. The ash separator system designed is a screw conveyor for separating bottom ash and cyclones for separating fly ash. The design results obtained the required specifications, the screw diameter is 6 inches, the electric motor used has a power of 1 HP, the screw rotation is 0.31 rpm and the screw conveyor shaft is 2 inches. With the standards that have been given, assuming the diameter of the cyclone body is 0.1 m, all the dimensions of the cyclone are obtained. With a diameter of 0.1 m, the calculation is that the cyclone efficiency is 78% and by simulation using the ANSYS software, the efficiency is 80%. Key words: corn cobs, gasification, screw conveyor, cyclone, ANSYS
18
Ulewicz, Małgorzata, and Jakub Jura. "Effect of fly and bottom ash mixture from combustion of biomass on strength of cement mortar." E3S Web of Conferences 18 (2017): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201712301029.
19
Ahmad Fauzy, Fandy, Etih Hartati, and Dyah Marganingrum. "Optimizing Utilization of Hazardous Waste and Biomass as Solid Fuel for Co-Firing." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v20i1.165-174.
Анотація:
Continuously high use of fossil fuels may lead scarcity of these energy sources in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to develop renewable energy to ensure its availability. One of the efforts in the development of renewable energy and the aims of this study is to examine the utilization Fly Ash (FA), Bottom Ash (BA) combined biomass sludge of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and municipal solid waste) materials as an alternative energy source (briquette raw materials) for co-firing in textile industry boilers. Briquettes were made with a composition of 60% FABA and 40% biomass which were then varied in composition. The parameters measured were proximate, calorific value, and shatter index. The feasibility test of briquettes was carried out using a Tanner diagram, where all briquettes made can be burned as fuel. Optimum briquettes quality was measured based on the criteria according to the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 06/2021. The results showed that the composition of three briquettes that had optimum quality and met the criteria were briquettes with composition 10%FA:50%BA:40%Biomass (variation of WWTP sludge and biomass) with a calorific value and sulfur content of 3,578 Kcal/kg and 0,70%; 3,890 Kcal/kg and 0,82%; and 3,864 Kcal/kg and 0,96%.
20
Marganingrum, D., M. N. Khalifah, and P. Nursetyowati. "Cost assessment of biomass coal fuel on air pollution and coal consumption reduction." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 986, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012001.
Анотація:
Abstract The use of coal as an energy source in the industrial sector has been quite massive, but the negative impact has not been a serious concern. We realized that the use of coal had caused pollution, including air pollution from coal-burning processing and water and soil pollution from the coal solid waste (fly ash and bottom ash), which not be appropriately managed. This study aims to assess the beneficiary of utilizing the unburnt carbon as co-firing in boiler industrial compared with air emission impact—the unburnt carbon mixed with municipal solid waste treated firstly to be briquette. The briquette was called Biomass Coal Fuel (BCF), and it was used as coal substitution of 10-15%. The cost of air pollution calculation referred to the Ministry Environmental Regulation Number 13 of 2011. We have compared the cost of air pollution between before and after BCF substitution. Meanwhile, the beneficiaries were calculated from the reduction of coal consumption. The result showed that emissions cost just approximately 4-5% of the beneficiaries due to reductions in coal consumption that about 145.656 – 218.484 million rupiahs per year. The factory can use this beneficiary to improve air emission controlling and support environmental conservation.
21
Mungchu, Aphichon, Anuwat Saenpong, Kumpanat Chaiphet, Keyoon Duanguppama, and Chinnapat Turakarn. "effect of excess air on combustion behaviors in vertical pulverized biomass burner." Journal of Materials Science and Applied Energy 12, no. 2 (May 1, 2023): 248089. http://dx.doi.org/10.55674/jmsae.v12i2.248089.
Анотація:
The objectives of this research were to improve biomass burners to be suitable for horizontal fire tube boilers and to study the influence of stoichiometry, 10, 20 and 30% excess air with the air supply divided into two parts, including primary air and secondary air. Rubber wood sawdust was used as the biomass for this experiment. The biomass burners in this experiment had an internal diameter of 30 cm and a chamber height of 70 cm, which stand on the bottom ash bin, comprising combustion with a heating power of 150 kW and a 40:60 percent ratio of primary air to secondary air. The results showed that the burner was able to maintain a constant burning state when the temperature at which the fuel particles were fed into the burner was higher than the devolatilization temperature (400 °C). The introduction of secondary air into the center burner in a three-way rotation resulted in flame characteristics within the burner induced in the internal center arc of the burner by a radial ratio (r /R) of 0.33 – 1. The radial ratio (r/R) of 0.67 showed that the combustion reaction with 10% excess air had a maximum mean temperature distribution inside the burner of 1,000 °C. Combustion at 10% excess air had minimum residual carbon in the fly ash of 38.22% and a maximum combustion efficiency of 89.29%. As a result, such excess air was suitable as a condition used for vertical biomass burners.
22
Du, Yiying, Ina Pundiene, Jolanta Pranckeviciene, Aleksandrs Korjakins, and Modestas Kligys. "Mechanical Properties and Lifecycle Assessment of a Green Alkali-Activated Mortar Based on Biomass Wood Ash." Environmental and Climate Technologies 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2024-0016.
Анотація:
Abstract Portland cement (PC) is the most commonly used binder material for producing concrete. Nonetheless, increasing concerns have been attached to its manufacture which is highly energy-intensive and generates a large quantity of greenhouse gases. Developing alkali-activated materials as eco-binders is a sustainable replacement for PC and many investigations have been reported successfully utilizing industrial wastes as precursors. However, owing to the low reactivity, studies regarding biomass wood ashes (BWA) are still limited. To produce a green cementless alkali-activated mortar material, in this study, biomass fuel by-products – biomass wood bottom ash and biomass wood fly ash – were binarily used as precursors. Sodium hydroxide NaOH at 10 mol/L and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 at 20 % by binder mass were applied as alkali activators. Recycled sand, substituting natural sand, was adopted as fine aggregate with an aggregate/binder ratio of 2 to reduce the consumption of non-renewable natural resources. Compressive and flexural strength were tested to evaluate the mechanical performance. A cradle-to-gate lifecycle assessment was conducted to analyse the environmental impacts. The results reveal that the alkali-activated mortar has less environmental impact compared to the traditional PC mortar. NaOH solution is the primary source of environmental influence and BWA only contributes to very limited impacts. The usage of Ca(OH)2 effectively improves the mechanical strength and compared to NaOH, it leads to decreased energy demand, requires fewer preparation steps and is less dangerous for operation.
23
Royo, Javier, Paula Canalís, Sebastián Zapata, Maider Gómez, and Carmen Bartolomé. "Ash Behaviour during Combustion of Agropellets Produced by an Agro-Industry—Part 2: Chemical Characterization of Sintering and Deposition." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041499.
Анотація:
Eight different pellets (one woody and seven blends of woody and herbaceous biomass) produced by an agro-industry were tested in a fixed-bed reactor to characterize their behaviour during their combustion process. The objective was to analyze the possible problems that could arise and, thus, achieve advances in the greater penetration of these agropellets in the energy market. The blends’ design and tests results are presented in the first part of this article. The results of the bottom ash and fly ash samples obtained from the combustion tests using SEM-EDS and P-XRD techniques were analyzed in order to delve into the sintering and deposition phenomena, respectively. Regarding the sintering, a clear relationship has been found between the results of the SEM-EDS analysis and the initial composition of the ash of the fuels. Additionally, the analysis of the results confirms a different ash behaviour regarding the sintering phenomenon depending on the ratio between the amounts of Si, Ca + Mg and K + Na. With respect to deposition, it has been determined that in woody pellets, showing the lower sintering degree, the predominant deposition mechanism is by inertial impact, while in blend pellets it is by condensation, which increases when the percentage of herbaceous in the mixture increases. It has been proved that, in order to compensate (at least partially) for the negative effect of the herbaceous components in the blends, working with a higher λ value is interesting, as it achieves a decrease in the combustion temperature (with λ >1), which implies both a decrease in the sintering degree and in the deposition, improving therefore the ash behaviour in the combustion of agropellets.
24
Košnář, Zdeněk, Filip Mercl, Ivana Perná, and Pavel Tlustoš. "Investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content in fly ash and bottom ash of biomass incineration plants in relation to the operating temperature and unburned carbon content." Science of The Total Environment 563-564 (September 2016): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.059.
25
Widyastuti, R., I. Iskandar, R. Ratdiana, and D. L. Raniah. "Use of coal ash- and lignite-enriched compost to improve soil biological properties and reduce pineapple disease in Ultisols of Central Lampung." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1266, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1266/1/012091.
Анотація:
Abstract Ultisols used for pineapple cultivation are classified as suboptimal lands because of their low soil fertility. Application of compost enriched with other soil ameliorants, such as coal ash in the form of fly ash, bottom ash (FABA), and lignite, can be a good alternative to improve soil properties, including increasing the soil microbial and fauna populations, which play an important role in improving soil fertility and reducing the incidence of pineapple disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of FABA- and lignite-enriched compost on microbial and earthworm populations and the incidence of pineapple disease. FABA- and lignite-enriched compost at a dose of 50 tons/ha was applied using a spread-and-row technique in the pineapple plantation area in Central Lampung. The parameters observed included the microbial population (Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Actinomycetes, Trichoderma), functional microbial populations (nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing microbes, siderophore producers), earthworm population, and incidence of pineapple diseases (marbling, brown spot, cork spot, and pink diseases). Generally, all treatments with FABA- and lignite-enriched compost showed better results than the control for all observed parameters. The treatment of FABA-enriched compost applied with a row technique was the best compared to other treatments because it tended to increase the population of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Actinomycetes, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, as well as earthworm abundance and biomass. In addition, in this treatment, there was no incidence of pineapple fruit disease. The abundance of earthworms and soil microbes, especially Pseudomonas was one of the factors which can create a healthier soil ecosystem to suppress the incidence of pineapple diseases.
26
Winanti, W. S., W. Purwanta, and Wiharja. "Utilization of municipal solid waste into electricity energy: A performance of PLTSa Bantargebang pilot project." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1034, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1034/1/012003.
Анотація:
Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) has become a serious problem for cities in Indonesia. The increasing population and economic activity as well as the increasing difficulty in obtaining land for landfills are the real problems faced. Waste generation from urban areas currently reaches 29.4 million tons annually and that has been managed reaches 62.29%. The Indonesian government has targeted 100% waste management by 2025 by processing 70% and reducing it by 30%. To accelerate the achievement of this target, Presidential Regulation No. 35/2018 concerning installation construction acceleration of waste processing into electricity energy based on environmentally friendly technology has been issued. MSW in Indonesia contains 62.4% of biomass in the form of food waste, wood, vegetables and fruits which have the potential to be a source of energy. This paper describes the performance of PLTSa Bantargebang based on operating data in 2020. PLTSa Bantargebang was designed to be able to burn 100 tonnes of waste/day with an average calorific value of 1,500 kcal/kg and an electricity output of 700 kW. This plant was also equipped with a pre-treatment plant to reduce water content and air pollution control devices that can emit exhaust that met national emission standards. When this study was conducted, the WtE plant electricity production was around 350 kW which was only used for the internal operational needs of the WtE plant. In this condition, the WtE plant burns waste on average 65 tons waste per day. During 2020, the plant had burned 9,878 tonnes of waste by generating electricity of 784 MWh or an electricity conversion rate of 110.66 kWh/ton waste. Both exhaust gas emission and liquid waste have met national quality standards, so that it is an environmentally friendly WtE plant. The plant also produced fly ash and bottom ash around 19.41% of the weight of the waste burned.
27
PÖYKIÖ, Risto, Hannu NURMESNIEMI, Olli DAHL, and Mikko MÄKELÄ. "Chemical fractionation method for characterization of biomass-based bottom and fly ash fractions from large-sized power plant of an integrated pulp and paper mill complex." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 24, no. 2 (February 2014): 588–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(14)63099-5.
28
Nurhalim, Nurhalim, Rochim Bakti Cahyono, and Muslikhin Hidayat. "Karakteristik Bio-Briket Berbahan Baku Batu Bara dan Batang/Ampas Tebu terhadap Kualitas dan Laju Pembakaran." Jurnal Rekayasa Proses 12, no. 1 (August 8, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.35278.
Анотація:
Indonesia memiliki sumber energi fosil yang sangat besar seperti batu bara. Hampir seluruh pembangkit listrik dan industri di Indonesia menggunakan menggunakan batu bara sebagai bahan bakar. Batu bara memiliki limbah berupa fly ash, bottom ash, gas beracun dan sisa batu bara yang tidak terpakai. Limbah batu bara tidak terpakai banyak terdapat di pertambangan yang masih beroperasi, sisa lahan pertambangan, laboratorium, dan pembangkit listrik, sehingga perlu penanganan yang tepat seperti pembuatan briket bio-batu bara. Pada pembuatan briket bio-batu bara ini, batu bara diproses menggunakan metode pirolisis dan tanpa pirolisis dengan skala laboratorium. Proses pirolisis menggunakan suhu 400 oC selama 2 jam. Berat sampel briket sebesar 99,87 g dibakar pada suhu pembakaran 400 oC dengan menggunakan udara ruang didalam furnace. Sebelum proses pembriketan, batu bara yang telah mengalami proses pirolisis dan tanpa pirolisis dicampur dengan limbah biomassa ampas dan batang tebu. Variabel penelitian menggunakan 50 g limbah batu bara, 30 g biomassa batang tebu dan 10 g ampas tebu. Briket bio-batu bara menggunakan perekat tepung kanji dan tanah liat dengan berat masing–masing 5 g. Sedangkan untuk tingkat kelembutan setiap bahan briket adalah 50 mesh dengan kuat tekan 50 kg/cm2. Hasil analisis proksimat briket bio-batu bara PP (50 g) mengandung kadar air sebesar 4,17%, zat terbang 18,39%, kadar abu 25,56%, nilai kalori sebesar 5157,87 kal/g. Briket bio-batu bara dengan pirolisis (50 g) mengalami penurunan massa sebanyak 30 g selama 30 menit, laju pembakaran mencapai kecepatan maksimum 1,93 g/s dan asap hilang pada menit ke-24. Batu bara dengan proses pirolisis dapat menurunkan asap dan penambahan biomassa dapat menaikkan nilai kalori briket bio-batu bara. Kata kunci: batu bara, batang tebu sisa pembakaran, ampas tebu
29
Hosseini, Seyedsaeid, Nicholas A. Brake, Mohammad Nikookar, Özge Günaydın-Şen, and Haley A. Snyder. "Mechanochemically activated bottom ash-fly ash geopolymer." Cement and Concrete Composites 118 (April 2021): 103976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.103976.
30
Suwunwong, Thitipone, Sutthida Boonsamran, Kanchana Watla-iad, Patcharanan Choto, Nuttachat Wisittipanit, Tanan Chub-uppakarn, and Khamphe Phoungthong. "Suitability and characteristics of combustion residues from renewable power plants for subbase aggregate materials, in Thailand." BioResources 16, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 2264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2264-2278.
Анотація:
Physico-chemical properties and the environmental impacts were studied relative to the leaching of rubber fly ash and bottom ash. The pozzolanic properties of fly ash and bottom ash were confirmed by the chemical composition, including silicon oxides, calcium oxides, and aluminum oxides. The geo-technical characteristics of rubber wood fly ash and bottom ash, i.e., modified compaction, plasticity, and the soaked California Bearing Ratio, were evaluated to assess the feasibility of fly ash or bottom ash mixed with lateritic soil as aggregate materials for the subbase in road construction in order to optimize the replacement of lateritic soil by fly ash or bottom ash. The leachates from rubber fly ash and bottom ash did not exceed standard thresholds. The measured characteristics of fly ash or bottom ash mixed with lateritic soil were in good alignment with the effective engineering thresholds. Recommendations were developed for safe reuse of byproducts from rubber renewable power plant in subbase road construction.
31
Ismail, Ardin Rozandi, Danang Purwanto, Tsulis Iqbal Khairul Amar, and Matrunevich Oksana Viktorovna. "COMPARISONAL ANALYSIS OF FLY ASH (CASE STUDY AT PLTU PORT RATU)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY (IJEAT) 3, no. 2 (November 29, 2020): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/ijeat.v3i2.41.
Анотація:
Fly ash can include toxins from high levels of bottom ash in some circumstances, such as burning of solid waste to generate power (resource recovery facilities or waste-to-energy conversion), and combining fly ash and bottom ash together delivers corresponding quantities of contaminants. Under some conditions, fly ash can be classified as non-hazardous waste, but if it is not blended, it can be classified as hazardous waste. The goal of this research was to find out about the differences between fly and bottom ash, as well as the influence of fly ash on bottom ash in terms of avoiding abrasion. In addition, the study's goal was to see how fly ash affected coconut fiber's resistance to abrasion. This study employed a quantitative technique in which the researcher used primary data sources such as questionnaires and observations, as well as secondary data sources such as prior studies. The findings revealed that fly ash had no effect on bottom ash in terms of avoiding abrasion. Furthermore, it is well known that neither fly ash nor bottom ash are effective against coconut fiber. Fly ash has a coarser texture than bottom ash, according to the findings. The regression test revealed that there was no difference between fly ash and bottom ash, as well as coconut coir, in terms of reducing abrasion
32
Asof, Marwan, Susila Arita, Luthfia Luthfia, Winny Andalia, and Muhammad Naswir. "Analisis karakteristik dan potensi logam pada limbah padat fly ash dan bottom ash di PLTU industri pupuk." Jurnal Teknik Kimia 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jtk.v28i2.977.
Анотація:
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap di Indonesia masih didominasi menggunakan bahan bakar batubara pada boilernya. Semakin tinggi kebutuhan listrik di Indonesia akan membuat kebutuhan batubara semakin tinggi, sehingga limbah fly ash dan bottom ash yang dihasilkan akan semakin banyak. Fly ash dan bottom ash digolongkan dalam limbah B3. Pengujian menggunakan instrument analisa X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) akan diketahui unsur-unsur dan oksida pembawa logam berat yang terkandung dalam limbah fly ash dan bottom ash. Unsur-unsur tersebut antara lain magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), silika (Si), posfor (P), sulfur (S), kalium (K), kalsium (Ca), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), kromium (Cr), mangan (Mn), besi (Fe), kobal (Co), nikel (Ni), tembaga (Cu), seng (Zn), galium (Ga), arsen (As), rubidium (Rb) stronsium (Sr), itrium (Y), zirkon (Zr), argentum (Ag), europium (Eu), timbal (Pb) dalam konsentrasi yang berbeda-beda antara kandungan fly ash dan bottom ash. Beberapa oksida dominan pembawa logam berat yang terdeteksi seperti Fe2O3 sebesar 3,658% pada fly ash dan sebesar 2,237% pada bottom ash; Ag2O pada sampel fly ash kandungannya sebanyak 0,143% dan pada bottom ash sebanyak 0,01%; MnO sebesar 0,036% pada fly ash dan sebanyak 0,015% pada bottom ash serta oksida ZnO dengan kadar sebesar 0,016% pada fly ash dan 0,019% pada bottom ash.
33
Winarno, Hadi, Damris Muhammad, and Yudha Gusti Wibowo. "PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH FLY ASH DAN BOTTOM ASH DARI PLTU SUMSEL-5 SEBAGAI BAHAN UTAMA PEMBUATAN PAVING BLOCK." Jurnal Teknika 11, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/jt.v11i1.288.
Анотація:
Fly ash and bottom ash are solid waste from coal combustion in the operating system of Steam Power Plant (PLTU). The research was conducted by combining fly ash and bottom ash with an adhesive consisting of portland cement. Based on the tests performed the maximum mixture obtained with cement samples, fly ash and bottom ash is 1: 2: 2. Paving blocks made from fly ash and bottom ash have compressive strength values resulting in compressive strength values of 50.52 MPa. This value indicates that the sample is in the class of paving blocks A. Paving Block made from fly ash and bottom ash also has a very good average air absorption value, in a combination of suitable cement mixtures, fly ash and bottom ash (1: 2: 2) the average air absorption value is still 5.06%. This value shows that the sample is in class B paving blocks.
34
Nurkhamim, I. R. Wardani, D. P. W. Adjie, J. Purwanta, and Inmarlinianto. "Utilization of fly ash and bottom ash from TanjungJati B Coal-Fired Power Plant in Jepara, Central Java, on the quality of cellular lightweight concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1339, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1339/1/012003.
Анотація:
Abstract The research aims to address waste-related issues by producing Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) bricks using fly ash and bottom ash as fine aggregates. The variations used encompass cement, fly ash, bottom ash, and sand compositions. The ratio between cement and fine aggregates utilized is 1:3. The variations in the composition of fine aggregates include P (100% sand), F (100% fly ash), B (100% bottom ash), F1B1 (50% fly ash and 50% bottom ash), F1B2 (33.3% fly ash and 66.7% bottom ash), F1B3 (25% fly ash and 75% bottom ash), F2B1 (6.7% fly ash and 33.3% bottom ash), and F3B1 (25% fly ash and 75% bottom ash). The parameters employed comprise compressive strength testing, density, and water absorption evaluation of the CLC bricks at ages 14, 28, and 35 days, also thermal conductivity at the 35-days sample. The sample age exhibits a proportional relationship with compressive strength and water absorption, while displaying an inverse relationship with density. At the 35-day sample age, the F composition demonstrates the highest compressive strength (14.74MPa) and the lowest water absorption (11%). Meanwhile, the B composition exhibits a compressive strength value of 5.9MPa and the lowest density (1.12g/cm2). Conversely, the P composition showcases the highest density (1.59g/cm2). Density affects thermal conductivity, the lower the density, the lower the thermal conductivity, which means that the heat conductivity will be smaller.
35
Putri, Rahmi Dwi, Imam Taufiq, and Nurokhim Nurokhim. "Analisis Radionuklida pada Fly Ash dan Bottom Ash PLTU Teluk Sirih Menggunakan Spektrometer Gamma." Jurnal Fisika Unand 8, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jfu.8.4.387-393.2019.
Анотація:
Analisis radionuklida pada fly ash dan bottom ash dari PLTU Teluk Sirih telah dilakukan menggunakan spektrometer gamma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui radionuklida yang terdapat pada fly ash dan bottom ash PLTU Teluk Sirih, kemudian membandingkan konsentrasi aktivitas radionuklida yang didapatkan dengan PP RI no.101/2014 mengenai pengelolaan limbah B3. Sampel fly ash dan bottom ash dari PLTU Teluk Sirih dipreparasi sesuai dengan prosedur standar yang ditetapkan oleh BATAN, lalu dicacah menggunakan spektrometer gamma yang dilengkapi detektor HPGe selama 17 jam. Radionuklida yang didapatkan dari hasil pencacahan adalah 210Pb, 230Th, 234Th, 226Ra, 232Th, 228 Th, 238U, 40K. Konsentrasi aktivitas radionuklida pada sampel fly ash berkisar antara 21,20±5,378 Bq/kg sampai dengan 320,40±31,279 Bq/kg, sedangkan konsentrasi aktivitas radionuklida pada sampel bottom ash berkisar antara ≤ 2,529 Bq/kg sampai dengan 163,728±15,88 Bq/kg. Berdasarkan PP RI No.101/2014 pemanfaatan fly ash dan bottom ash dari PLTU Teluk Sirih masih diperbolehkan karena konsentrasi aktivitas pada fly ash dan bottom ash PLTU Teluk Sirih berada dibawah ambang batas yaitu untuk deret uranium dan thorium adalah 1000 Bq/kg dan untuk kalium sebesar 10.000 Bq/kg.Kata kunci : aktivitas, bottom ash, fly ash, limbah B3, radionuklida, spektrometer gamma
36
Xie, Tian Yu, and Togay Ozbakkaloglu. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ambiently-Cured Blended Coal Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete." Materials Science Forum 857 (May 2016): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.400.
Анотація:
This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the behavior of fly ash-, bottom ash-, and blended fly and bottom ash-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) cured at ambient temperature. Four bathes of GPC were manufactured to investigate the influence of the fly ash-to-bottom ash mass ratio on the microstructure, compressive strength and elastic modulus of GPC. All the results indicate that the mass ratio of fly ash-to-bottom ash significantly affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of GPCs
37
Kusdiyono, Kusdiyono, Tedjo Mulyono, and Supriyadi Supriyadi. "Pengaruh Penambahan Fly Ash Dan Bottom Ash Terhadap Mutu Paving." Bangun Rekaprima 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/bangunrekaprima.v3i2.861.
Анотація:
<p><em>Fly ash dan bottom ash merupakan limbah padat dihasilkan sisa pembakaran batubara pada pembangkit listrik tenaga uap atau proses industri lainnya. Limbah padat ini terdapat dalam jumlah yang relatif besar, sehingga memerlukan pengelolaan yang serius agar tidak menimbulkan masalah pencemaran lingkungan, seperti pencemaran udara, perairan dan penurunan kualitas ekosistem lainnya. Fenomena yang terjadi, penanganan limbah ini tidak maksimal, terbukti masih adanya perusahaan membuang abu batu bara di Jalan lingkar selatan kota Salatiga (Suara Merdeka, 2012), limbah batu bara makan korban di Kayen, Pati (Sura Merdeka, 2012), kejadian seperti ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan limbah padat dari industri tidak dikelola dengan baik. Sementara penelitian dibidang Rekayasa Bahan sudah banyak dilakukan oleh peneliti sebagai upaya untuk memecahkan permasalahan dan memanfaatkan limbah industri ini untuk dapat diproduksi menjadi industri lain seperti bahan bangunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutu paving (Bata beton) dengan bentuk empat persegi panjang dengan ukuran 60 mm x 100 mm x 200 mm dan model/jenis B2,5, B5, B7,5, B10, B12,5, B15, B17,5 dan B20 terdapat peningkatan kuat tekan rata-rata dibanding dengan model/jenis BN (tanpa penambahan fly ash dan bottom ash). Tertinggi pada penambahan fly ash dan bottom ash 5% dengan kekuatan tekan rata-rata mencapai 225,37 kg/cm² umur 14 hari, sedang penurunan terjadi pada penambahan fly ash dan bottom ash mulai dari 7,5% sampai 20% dengan penurunan kuat tekan rata-rata terendah 144,36 kg/cm² pada umur uji 14 hari. Persamaan regresi yang didapat Y= - 4,130 X² - 38,91 X + 117,2 dengan nilai korelasi R² = 0,766, artinya dengan penambahan fly ash dan bottom ash mempunyai pengaruh kuat terhadap kuat tekan paving (Bata beton). Sehingga diperoleh suatu gambaran bahwa dengan menambahkan fly ash dan bottom ash pada pembuatan paving (Bata beton) mutunya dapat menjadi lebih baik.</em></p><p><strong>Kata Kunci</strong><em>: Fly Ash, Bottom Ash, Pencemaran, Mutu Paving</em></p>
38
Constable, Thomas W., and Geoff Ross. "Trace element leaching in bench-scale recirculating ash transport systems." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-031.
Анотація:
Fly and bottom ash from coal-fired power generating stations are commonly disposed by transporting the ash in a water slurry to a lagoon. The recently developed "Environmental codes of practice for steam electric power generation" recommend the use of recycled lagoon decant water rather than fresh makeup water for these sluicing operations. To provide background information during the development of these environmental codes of practice, bench-scale studies were conducted to simulate the operation of recirculating bottom ash and combined fly/bottom ash lagoon systems, and data were collected on the concentrations of trace elements in the ash sluice waters. The ashes were obtained from seven Canadian coal-fuelled power generating stations. For most ash systems, the pH of the slurry water remained relatively constant after the first two recirculation cycles, and generally was lower in a bottom ash system than in the corresponding fly/bottom ash system. The major dissolved species in the slurry waters were sulphate, calcium, and sodium. Concentrations in bottom ash systems usually increased linearly with increasing cycles of concentration, whereas concentrations in fly/bottom ash systems generally increased during the first several cycles, then either remained constant or decreased. Scaling was observed only in studies involving fly/bottom ash from stations burning western Canadian coal or a mixture of western Canadian and U.S. bituminous coals. Key words: ash handling, fly ash, lagoons, leaching.
39
Rio, Bobby, Nor Hidayati, Mochammad Qomaruddin, and FERI FIRMAN Ferdiasah. "ANALISIS PENGARUH ZAT POLIMER PAVING BLOCK FABA (FLY ASH & BOTTOM ASH) DENGAN VARIABEL SEMEN DAN FLY ASH PLTU TJB JEPARA." Jurnal DISPROTEK 13, no. 1 (March 12, 2022): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34001/jdpt.v13i1.3120.
Анотація:
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya pemanfaatan limbah batu bara di PLTU Tanjung Jati B Jepara. Batu bara yang dimanfaatkan untuk sumber energi akan menghasilkan residu berupa fly ash dan bottom ash. Di Indonesia khususnya di Jepara banyak ditemukan fly ash dan bottom ash yang dimana jumlahnya akan bertambah setiap tahunnya bila tidak ditangani secara serius. Guna mengatasi hal itu maka dilakukan pengkajian untuk memanfaatkan limbah batu bara khususnya fly ash dan bottom ash. Dan salah satu cara pemanfaatan limbah tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan material fly ash dan bottom ash sebagai bahan pengganti sebagian semen dan agregat pada campuran pembuatan paving block. [1]Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengujian tentang pengaruh fly ash dan bottom ash sebagai pengganti sebagian semen dan agregat terhadap uji kuat tekan beton dan daya serap air pada paving block. Komposisi sudah ditentukan dengan perbandingan yaitu : A (PC 100% : FA 0%), B (PC 97% : FA 3%), C (PC94% : FA 6%), D (PC 91% : FA 9%), E (PC 88% : FA 12%), F (PC 85% : FA 15%) dengan keadaan BA (bottom ash) dengan keadaan konsisten menggunakan perbandingan dengan bindernya 3 : 1 masing-masing bottom ash : binder. Metode perbandingan komposisi campuran paving block diatur untuk mutu beton k 175 dan k 225 dengan memaksimalkan subtitusi fly ash dan bottom ash dalam campuran pembuatan paving block. Hasil yang didapatkan setelah melakukan pengujian selama 28 hari paving dengan menggunakan polimer 1% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan paving blok dengan kandungan polimer 2%. Sedangkan dalam perbandingan terhadap subtitusi FA terhadap PC mengalami penurunan setiap penambahan fly ash.
40
Rahim, Nur Liza, Syakirah Afiza Mohammed, Roshazita Che Amat, Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim, Nurhidayah Hamzah, Salmi Samsudin, Shamshinar Salehuddin, Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim, and Elena Holban. "Waste to concrete material: Potential Study of Chemical Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Bottom Ash." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1216, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1216/1/012023.
Анотація:
Abstract This research focuses on the chemical properties of coal fly ash (CFA) and coal bottom ash (CBA) obtained from Sultan Azlan Shah Power Plant and compares them with the characteristics of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Coal has been recognised as a significant fuel source in Malaysia, where it is extensively employed in the creation of steel, cement, and power. When coal is burned to create power, several different types of coal ash are created, including fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and clinker. Fly and bottom ash, however, are the main coal ash waste products that have been created. In an effort to create sustainable concrete from waste, a number of studies have been carried out to ascertain the chemical characteristics of fly and bottom ash. These tests include Energy Disperse X-Ray (EDX), Mineralogy (XRD), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). From the SEM result, fly ash has smaller particles and a spherical, uniform shape than bottom ash and cement. Fly and bottom ash from the Sultan Azlan Shah power plant contain a number of elements, including Silicon (Si), Aluminium (Al), Oxygen (O), Calcium (Ca), Titanium (Ti), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Carbon (C), and Sodium, according to Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) test. The fly ash is primarily an amorphous material, with the presence of quartz crystalline phase (SiO2) at 24.3% and bottom ash at 31.1%, according to X-ray Diffraction (XRD) data. For the mullite phase (3AlO3.2SiO2), fly and bottom ash show results of 24.9% and 14.5%, respectively. According to an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) investigation, the main constituents of fly and bottom ash are silica, iron, and alumina. Fly ash is classified as Class F because it has a high concentration of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 while OPC has a high CaO value. With the right composition and material preparation, CFA and CBA from the Sultan Azlan Shah Power Plant can be used as a cement replacement in concrete.
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Asavavisithchai, Seksak, and Attanadol Prapajaraswong. "Effects of Different Types of Power Plant Ashes on Foamability and Structure of Al Foams." Advanced Materials Research 770 (September 2013): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.770.10.
Анотація:
Addition of power plant ash particles, classified as cenosphere and precipitator fly ashes, and bottom ash, to Al foams resulted in different foamabilities and foam structures. These distinctions arise from a difference in physical and chemical characteristics of ash particles. The cenosphere fly ash is hollow, whilst the precipitator fly ash is dense. The bottom ash is also dense with irregular shape. The major chemical constituents of these ashes are SiO2, CaO, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. It is found that the improvement in foam expansion and structure is obtained from the addition of precipitator fly ash or bottom ash particles. The addition of cenosphere fly ash, however, leads to a decrease in foamability and non-uniform foam structure.
42
Rosita, Widya, Dea Anisa Ayu Besari, I. Made Bendiyasa, Indra Perdana, Ferian Anggara, and Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus. "Potency of Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium in Indonesia Coal Ash." Key Engineering Materials 849 (June 2020): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.849.102.
Анотація:
Indonesia coal ash is predicted to reach 10.8 million tons in the year 2020 but its utilization is still limited. In the last decade, coal ash has become a promising REY source candidate. To determine the potency of REY in Indonesia coal ash, information about element concentration and mineralogy of the ash is essential. In this study, coal ash samples were taken from Paiton-2, Pacitan, Rembang, and Tanjung Jati coal-fired power plants. Element content and mineralogy were analyzed using Inductive Couple Plasma Mass Spectroscopy/Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-MS/AES), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and petrographic. The results showed that coal fly ash and bottom ash contains critical REY in the range of 38% to 41% with Coutlook larger than one. XRD analysis showed that both fly ash and bottom ash have similar mineral phases with slightly different concentrations. The mineral phase is dominated by amorphous glass, quartz, Fe-bearing minerals, and unburned carbon. The amorphous glass phase in fly ash is in the range of 23 to 34% while in bottom ash between 14 and 34%. Unburned carbon content in fly ash and bottom ashes are 7-13% and 7-19%, respectively. Fe-bearing mineral content in fly ash is 15-20% and bottom ash is 13-20%. In addition, Indonesia coal ash has a higher Heavy-REY enrichment factor than Light-REY. The Enrichment Factor of HREY in fly ash is as much as 1.3 times (in average) of the bottom ash.
43
Astuti, Widi, Agus Haerudin, Istihanah Nurul Eskani, Fajar Nurjaman, Aulia Pertiwi Tri Yuda, Joni Setiawan, Isnaeni, Farida, and Dwi Wiji Lestari. "Zinc Oxide Recovery from Solid Waste of Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD) Using Hydrometallurgical Method." Key Engineering Materials 849 (June 2020): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.849.108.
Анотація:
Indonesia coal ash is predicted to reach 10.8 million tons in the year 2020 but its utilization is still limited. In the last decade, coal ash has become a promising REY source candidate. To determine the potency of REY in Indonesia coal ash, information about element concentration and mineralogy of the ash is essential. In this study, coal ash samples were taken from Paiton-2, Pacitan, Rembang, and Tanjung Jati coal-fired power plants. Element content and mineralogy were analyzed using Inductive Couple Plasma Mass Spectroscopy/Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-MS/AES), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and petrographic. The results showed that coal fly ash and bottom ash contains critical REY in the range of 38% to 41% with Coutlook larger than one. XRD analysis showed that both fly ash and bottom ash have similar mineral phases with slightly different concentrations. The mineral phase is dominated by amorphous glass, quartz, Fe-bearing minerals, and unburned carbon. The amorphous glass phase in fly ash is in the range of 23 to 34% while in bottom ash between 14 and 34%. Unburned carbon content in fly ash and bottom ashes are 7-13% and 7-19%, respectively. Fe-bearing mineral content in fly ash is 15-20% and bottom ash is 13-20%. In addition, Indonesia coal ash has a higher Heavy-REY enrichment factor than Light-REY. The Enrichment Factor of HREY in fly ash is as much as 1.3 times (in average) of the bottom ash.
44
Yoo, Yeong Seok, and Jun Ho Jo. "Characteristics of MSWI Ash and its Application to Zeolite Synthesis." Materials Science Forum 804 (October 2014): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.804.93.
Анотація:
In this study, composition for bottom ash and fly ash of MSWI was analyzed and zeolite was synthesized in order to expand its recycling on high quality and mass consumption. Analysis of ash its characteristics was performed by XRF, XRD, SEM, EDX, TG/DTA. Bottom/fly ash was fired for elimination of unburned carbon at 750°C/12 hr, crushed and synthesized to zeolite in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 M NaOH solutions under 105°C/24hr by hydrothermal method. Calcite and calcium-silicate compound was mainly contained in bottom ash and CaCl2∙4H2O, Ca (OH)2, NaCl, and calcite and KCl in fly ash. Especially amount of Cl was much contained in fly ash due to Korean food waste characteristics. Bottom ash could synthesize Zeolites in form of sodalite under 3~4 M NaOH and fly ash could synthesize Zeolite A under 1~2 M NaOH. In addition, zeolite synthesized with bottom ash had higher specific surface area and zeolite from fly ash had higher CEC value. Accordingly, ash from MSWI could be recycled for further valuable uses such as non-point pollutant control and/or soil amendment.
45
Kartika Sari, Enda, Yuliantini Eka Putri, Lindawati, Ferry Desromi, and Revianty Nurmeyliandari. "Potensi Dan Karakteristik Limbah Padat Fly Ash Dan Bottom Ash Hasil Pembakaran Batubara PT. Bakti Nugraha Yuda Energy Terhadap Kuat Tekan Paving Block." Jurnal Deformasi 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/deformasi.v8i1.11302.
Анотація:
PT. Bakti Nugraha Yuda Energy memiliki pembangkit tenaga uap dengan menggunakan batubara sebagai bahan bakar utama. Limbah Hasil Pembakaran Batubara (LHPB) terus bertambah tetapi terbatas penyimpanannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi dan karakteristik limbah hasil pembakaran batubara yang dihasilkan dan potensinya untuk paving block. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar penggunaan fly ash dan bottom ash yang optimal untuk paving block dan karakteristiknya. Metode yang dilakukan berupa survey langsung. Data yangdari pengujian langsung di laboratorium terhadap kuat tekan paving block pada campuran fly ash dan bottom ash. Data sekunder berupa data karakteristik fly ash dan botom ash dan literatur lainnya. Dari pengujian, kuat tekan tertinggi pada paving block pada subtitusi fly ash dan bottom ash 30 % sebesar 105.38 MPa. Peningkatan kuat tekan terjadi akibat kandungan silika yang tinggi yang terdapat pada fly ash dan bottom ash. Karakteristik batubara di PLTU PT. Bakti Nugraha Yuda Energy adalah silika dan besi sebagai unsur kandungan utama, dan usur lainnya yaitu aluminium, kalsium, titanium dan kalium. Fly ash dan bottom ash memiliki kandungan mineral yang tinggi yaitu didominasi oleh phasa quartz 61,8% dengan struktur kristal trigonal (hexagonal axes).
46
Pangestuti, Endah Kanti, Praba Bagaskara, and Fadhila Rizqina Heriyanto. "Pengaruh Fly Ash Dan Bottom Ash (Faba) PLTU sebagai Campuran Paving Blok ditinjau terhadap Kuat Tekan dan Daya Serap Air." Jurnal Inovasi Konstruksi 2, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56911/jik.v2i2.80.
Анотація:
PLTU Tanjung Jati-B Jepara menghasilkan limbah dari hasil pembakaran batubara berupa fly ash dan bottom ash. Penumpukan limbah tersebut akan menimbukan banyak masalah lain, sehingga diperlukan inovasi untuk mengubahnya menjadi bahan bernilai tambah. Salah satunya adalah dengan menjadikan fly ash dan bottom ash menjadi bahan campuran untuk pembuatan paving block. Paving block dengan material fly ash dan bottom ash akan menggunakan perbandingan campuran bahan 1:3 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fly ash dan bottom ash menghasilkan paving block mutu B dengan nilai kuat tekan 18,73 MPa pada mix design (1 S : 3 BA) dan paving block mutu C dengan daya serap air 7,5% pada mix design dan ((0,5 S : 0,5 FA): 3 BA).
47
Insan, Muhammad Khaerul, Feril Hariati, and Fadhila Muhammad Libasut Taqwa. "STUDI PEMANFAATAN FLY ASH DAN BOTTOM ASH SEBAGAI MATERIAL STABILISASI TANAH DASAR (Studi Kasus: Pekerjaan Subgrade Untuk Jalan Lingkungan di PLTU Sulawesi Utara II, Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan, Sulawesi Utara)." Jurnal Komposit 3, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/komposit.v3i2.3257.
Анотація:
<p><em>Fly ash dan bottom ash merupakan limbah B3 yang dihasilkan dari proses pembakaran batu bara.</em><em> </em><em>Di Indonesia, batu bara banyak digunakan sebagai bahan bakar pada pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU). Salah satu PLTU di Indonesia yaitu PLTU Sulawesi Utara II, yang terletak di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Jumlah limbah yang dihasilkan cukup banyak sehingga dibutuhkan cara untuk mengurangi penumpukan fly ash dan bottom ash. Fly ash dan bottom ash dapat digunakan sebagai material stabilisasi tanah dasar. Dalam penelitian ini, diambil dua sampel tanah yang berbeda dengan komposisi penambahan fly ash dan bottom ash yang bermacam-macam. Pengujian CBR dilakukan pada tanah dengan komposisi yang paling optimum menurut klasifikasi AASHTO, yaitu tanah yang termasuk ke dalam kelas A-1 dan A-2 dengan kondisi kuat dukung tanah sangat baik hingga baik. Hasil pengujian CBR pada tanah yang telah dicampur dengan fly ash dan bottom ash adalah sebesar 19,66%, 52,22%, 21,33%, dan 40,88%. Dari hasil pengujian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan fly ash dan bottom ash pada tanah dapat meningkatkan nilai CBR pada tanah asli yang semula hanya memiliki nilai sebesar 11,2% dan 5,35%.</em><em></em></p>
48
Azizah, N. U., J. Andry, and F. Y. Pradana. "Analysis Stability Of Asphalt Concrete Binder Course (AC-BC) With Fly Ash And Bottom Ash Substitution Material." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1321, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1321/1/012021.
Анотація:
Abstract Fly ash and bottom ash are ash produced from the process of burning coal as a source of energy in the steam generating unit of a coal-fired power plant (PLTU). Bottom ash is ash that forms at the bottom of a coal-burning furnace and settles there. In this research, fly ash is used as filler substitution and bottom ash is used as fine aggregate substitution (sand). The purpose of the study was to obtain a suitable Job Mix Design (JMD) for Asphalt Concrete - Binder Course (AC-BC) with fly ash and bottom ash substitution materials. To determine the effect of optimum asphalt content on the values of stability, flow, Marshall Quotient, VMA, VIM and VFB obtained from result of the Masrhall test. Based on the results of Marshall testing, the results show that Analysis Stability Of Binder Course Asphalt Concrete (AC-BC) With Fly Ash And Bottom Ash Substitution Material produces the highest VMA value of 14.462% and the highest VIM value of -1.88%, meaning that there are many gaps in the mixture containing asphalt so that it becomes waterproof and hermetic. The highest stability and MQ values are stability of 1955.55.34 kg and MQ of 1241.13 kg/mm. The appropriate Job Mix Design (JMD) for Asphalt Concrete - Binder Course (AC-BC) with fly ash and bottom ash substitution materials is the composition of Fly Ash at 0%, 50%, and 60% of the total cement while for the use of Bottom Ash from the total sand at 0%, 50%, and 60%.
49
Andriani, Vivin, Purity Sabila Ajiningrum, and Ngadiani Ngadiani. "Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) dengan Media Abu Terbang (Fly Ash) dan Abu Dasar (Bottom Ash)." Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v11i2.9272.
Анотація:
The use of fly ash and bottom ash as a plant medium can reduce waste from burning coal. The ash waste contains micro and macro nutrients that plants can use for growth. The ash contains the elements Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and MN. This research aims to determine the effect of fly ash, bottom ash, and their combination on the growth of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). This research used RAL (Completely Randomized Design) with 12 factors and 3 replications, namely k0 (negative control, not given anything), k1 (positive control, given urea fertilizer), a1 (400 g/polybag fly ash), a2 (800 g/polybag fly ash), a3 (1200 g/polybag fly ash), b1 (400 g/polybag base ash), b2 (800 g/polybag base ash), b3 (1200 g/polybag base ash), ab1 (200 g/polybag fly ash + 400 g/polybag fly ash), ab2 (400 g/polybag fly ash + 200 g/polybag fly ash), ab3 (600 g/polybag fly ash + 400 g/polybag fly ash), and ab4 (400 g/polybag fly ash + 600 g/polybag fly ash). The observation variable is the growth of tomato plants, including plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, stem diameter and wet weight. The results showed that there was an effect of using fly ash and bottom ash as a planting medium on the growth of tomato plants for 90 DAP in the AB4 treatment. The combination of 400 g/polybag fly ash + 600 g/polybag fly ash gave good results in plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, and fresh weight of tomato plants, but in terms of branch diameter, NPK treatment gave good results.
50
Haryanti, Ninis Hadi, Suryajaya Suryajaya, Sadang Husain, Henri Wardhana, Yulia Anggraini, and Nada Sofi Andini. "Potensi Limbah Arang Kayu Alaban (Vitex pubescens Bahl), Abu Dasar dan Abu Terbang Batubara Sebagai Bahan Briket." Jurnal Fisika Flux: Jurnal Ilmiah Fisika FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat 17, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/flux.v17i1.6394.
Анотація:
Characterization of wood waste from halaban wood, bottom ash, and coal fly ash has been done includes tests of water content, ash content, calorific value, and composition as well as morphology. One of the factors that influences the characteristics is the powder size. Therefore, this research uses 250 mesh sieve (smaller powder size) to make briquettes. From the test results, the average moisture content was 4.22% for halaban wood charcoal, 1.64% for bottom ash and 0.91% for fly ash. Average ash content of 41.93% for halaban wood charcoal, 82.03% for bottom ash and 89.69% for fly ash. Average Calorie Value of 6833.1 cal/g for halaban wood charcoal, 389.5 cal/g for bottom ash and for coal fly ash with calorie value of 0. From the SEM-EDX analysis results, there was no C mean of 76.69% In halaban wood charcoal, the average ash percentage of C was 41.87% and the average percentage of C was 16.17% in coal fly ash. The results of tests carried out are expected to be waste wood charcoal, basic ash and fly ash can be used as a mixture in the manufacture of briquettes.