Готові списки джерел за темами / Biologicals Unlimited

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Biologicals Unlimited"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 27 липня 2024

Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Biologicals Unlimited"

Bennett, Jack. "Unlimited Growth?" BioScience 46, no. 6 (June 1996): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312868.

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Williams, Nigel. "Darwin unlimited." Current Biology 16, no. 22 (November 2006): R938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.034.

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Duwé, Sam, Benjamien Moeyaert, and Peter Dedecker. "Diffraction-Unlimited Fluorescence Microscopy of Living Biological Samples Using pcSOFI." Current Protocols in Chemical Biology 7, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470559277.ch140025.

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Almeida, Ricardo, Alessia Buscaino, and Robin C. Allshire. "Molecular Biology: Silencing Unlimited." Current Biology 16, no. 16 (August 2006): R635—R638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.033.

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Collins, James P. "Science and Engineering Unlimited by Borders." BioScience 61, no. 1 (January 2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.1.1.

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Santos, Moliria V., Édison Pecoraro, Silvia H. Santagneli, André L. Moura, Maurício Cavicchioli, Vladimir Jerez, Lucas A. Rocha, et al. "Silk fibroin as a biotemplate for hierarchical porous silica monoliths for random laser applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 11 (2018): 2712–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc03560h.

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Inisheva, Lidiya Ivanovna, Ol'ga Aleksandrovna Rozhanskaya, and Galina Vasil'yevna Larina. "CHARACTERISTICS OF HORNY ALTAI PEATS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN PLANT TISSUE CULTURE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (February 23, 2019): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019035132.

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The search for new raw materials of biologically active substances of natural origin is an urgent task for the modern period. Peat in this respect is a relatively cheap and almost unlimited raw material base. Peat of swamps can be used widely in agriculture for receipt of biologically active substances are of great interest in the territory of the Gorny Altai. The purpose of this work is to study the composition of organic matter of peats of the Gorny Altai, to choose peat raw materials for biologically active production and to study their biological activity. The object of the study was 46 swamps of the Gorny Altai. The following analyses were carried out in peats: botanical composition, degree of decomposition, ash content, group composition of peat organic matter. The composition of humic acids (ha) was analyzed by IR spectroscopy. For determine of the biological activity of humic acids was used plant tissue cultured . The results of the research allowed to distinguish peats by the content of HA: buckbean peat (47.0% of HA), wood peat (50.0% of HA), fern peat (55.0% of HA), grass peat (30.0–45.0% of HA), sedge peat (5.6–58.0% of HA), grass-buckbean peat (43.0–56.5% of HA) and to outline the raw material base for the production of BAS – peatland Turochak. According to the optimal characteristics of HAs, a sample was taken from a depth of 325-375 cm, HA was isolated. The biological activity In humic acid was determined with the use of plant tissue culture. High biological activity are proven of the preparations of HA from the peatland Turochak, which resulted in the acceleration of microclonal propagation of plants in vitro.

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Challa, RatnaKumari, and VijayaKumari Gunta. "A Modified Symmetric Key Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme Based on Read-Muller Code." Baghdad Science Journal 18, no. 2(Suppl.) (June 20, 2021): 0899. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.2(suppl.).0899.

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Homomorphic encryption became popular and powerful cryptographic primitive for various cloud computing applications. In the recent decades several developments has been made. Few schemes based on coding theory have been proposed but none of them support unlimited operations with security. We propose a modified Reed-Muller Code based symmetric key fully homomorphic encryption to improve its security by using message expansion technique. Message expansion with prepended random fixed length string provides one-to-many mapping between message and codeword, thus one-to many mapping between plaintext and ciphertext. The proposed scheme supports both (MOD 2) additive and multiplication operations unlimitedly. We make an effort to prove the security of the scheme under indistinguishability under chosen-plaintext attack (IND-CPA) through a game-based security proof. The security proof gives a mathematical analysis and its complexity of hardness. Also, it presents security analysis against all the known attacks with respect to the message expansion and homomorphic operations.

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Kothamachu, Varun B., Elisenda Feliu, Luca Cardelli, and Orkun S. Soyer. "Unlimited multistability and Boolean logic in microbial signalling." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 108 (July 2015): 20150234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0234.

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The ability to map environmental signals onto distinct internal physiological states or programmes is critical for single-celled microbes. A crucial systems dynamics feature underpinning such ability is multistability. While unlimited multistability is known to arise from multi-site phosphorylation seen in the signalling networks of eukaryotic cells, a similarly universal mechanism has not been identified in microbial signalling systems. These systems are generally known as two-component systems comprising histidine kinase (HK) receptors and response regulator proteins engaging in phosphotransfer reactions. We develop a mathematical framework for analysing microbial systems with multi-domain HK receptors known as hybrid and unorthodox HKs. We show that these systems embed a simple core network that exhibits multistability, thereby unveiling a novel biochemical mechanism for multistability. We further prove that sharing of downstream components allows a system with n multi-domain hybrid HKs to attain 3 n steady states. We find that such systems, when sensing distinct signals, can readily implement Boolean logic functions on these signals. Using two experimentally studied examples of two-component systems implementing hybrid HKs, we show that bistability and implementation of logic functions are possible under biologically feasible reaction rates. Furthermore, we show that all sequenced microbial genomes contain significant numbers of hybrid and unorthodox HKs, and some genomes have a larger fraction of these proteins compared with regular HKs. Microbial cells are thus theoretically unbounded in mapping distinct environmental signals onto distinct physiological states and perform complex computations on them. These findings facilitate the understanding of natural two-component systems and allow their engineering through synthetic biology.

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Maekawa, Koji. "Unlimited capacity and processibility of sequence information: prerequisites for a system of biological chains." Biosystems 66, no. 3 (August 2002): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-2647(02)00041-2.

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Частини книг з теми "Biologicals Unlimited"

Nagahawatta, Dineth Pramuditha, Mihidukulasuriya Jude Michael Shehan Kurera, and You-Jin Jeon. "Marine Seaweed Bioresources as Antiviral Agents Against RNA Viruses." In The Role of Seaweeds in Blue Bioeconomy, 171–84. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815223644124010012.

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Marine seaweed bio-resources (MSBR) have long been recognized for their therapeutic and disease-prevention benefits. They are utilized to prevent various noncommunicable and communicable diseases as active components. In recent years, biotechnologists and pharmacologists have become interested in MSBR as a viable and almost limitless source of various biologically active compounds against a broad spectrum of diseases. The most recent global pandemic Covid-19 raised the scientific world's attention to discovering novel anti-viral agents against viruses. Oceans provide unlimited biological resources to develop therapeutic drugs for treating various human viral diseases. Our major intention of writing this chapter was to draw attention to the anti-viral potential of MSBR against various human viral diseases and gain the strength to conquer future viral pandemics.

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Schönle, Andreas, Jan Keller, Benjamin Harke,, and Stefan W. Hell. "Diffraction Unlimited Far-Field Fluorescence Microscopy." In Handbook of Biomedical Nonlinear Optical Microscopy, 616–43. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162608.003.0024.

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Abstract For centuries, light microscopy has been an important tool in many fields of science. With the quality of available optical components becoming better over time, it has delivered ever-sharper images of small structures. However, in 1873, Ernst Abbe discovered a fundamental limitation known as the diffraction barrier (Abbe, 1873): Far-field light microscopes would never be able to resolve features smaller than approximately half the wavelength of the light used. However, many modern imaging applications obviously necessitate a higher resolution. Since the diffraction barrier had been accepted as an unalterable fact, the use of focused visible light was not considered an option in these situations. Consequently, alternative methods were developed to deliver images with much higher resolution. Two prominent examples are electron microscopy, which focused (matter) waves of much shorter wavelengths, and atomic force microscopy, which gave up focusing altogether. Nevertheless, far-field light microscopy has remained an irreplaceable tool, especially in the life sciences, due to a number of exclusive advantages: it has the ability to image samples in three dimensions with minimal negative impact on the (living) specimen. Unlike some other methods, it is not restricted to surfaces and does not require any special sample preparation. Finally, it can be combined with fluorescence to image features of interest with high specificity. Mapped with a confocal or multiphoton excitation microscope (Denk et al., 1990; Sheppard & Kompfner, 1978; Wilson & Sheppard, 1984), fluorescence emission readily measures protein 3D distributions, or those of other fluorescently labeled molecules within the complex inside of biological specimens. The development of a microscope that retains all these advantages while not being limited by diffraction would therefore almost certainly lead to exciting new discoveries and become a crucial tool for scientists not only in biology. However, due to the fundamental nature of Abbe’s law, all attempts to break this barrier seemed futile.

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Jardetzky, T. "The Interaction of Antigens and Superantigens with the Human Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecule HLA-DR1." In Biological NMR Spectroscopy. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094688.003.0022.

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The initiation and maintenance of an immune response to pathogens requires the interactions of cells and proteins that together are able to distinguish appropriate non-self targets from the myriadof self-proteins (Janeway and Bottomly, 1994). This discrimination between self and non-self is in part accomplished by three groups of proteins of the immune system that have direct and specific interactions with antigens: antibodies, T cell receptors (TcR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. Antibodies and TcR molecules are clonally expressed by the B and T cells of the immune system, respectively, defining each progenitor cell with a unique specificity for antigen. In these cell types both antibodies and TcR proteins undergo similar recombination events to generate a variable antigen combining site and thus produce a nearly unlimited number of proteins of different specificities. TcR molecules are further selected to recognize antigenic peptides bound to MHC proteins, during a process known as thymic selection, restricting the repertoire of T cells to the recognition of antigens presented by cells that express MHC proteins at their surface. Thymic selection of TcR and the subsequent restricted recognition of peptide-MHC complexes by peripheral T cells provides a fundamental molecular basis for the discrimination of self from non-sell and the regulation of the immune response (Allen, 1994; Nossal, 1994; von Boehmer, 1994). For example, different classes of T cells are used to recognize and kill infected cells (cytotoxic T cells) arid to provide lymphokiries that induce the niajority of soluble antibody responses of B cells (helper T cells). In contrast to the vast combinatorial and clonal diversity of antibodies and TcRs, a small set of MHC molecules is used to recognize a potentially unlimited universe of foreign peptide antigens for antigen presentation to T cells (Germain, 1994). This poses the problem of how each MHC molecule is capable of recognizing enough peptides to insure an immune response to pathogens. In addition, the specificity of the TcR interaction with MHC-peptide complexes is clearly crucial to the problem of self :non-self discrimination, with implications for both protective immunity and auto-immune disease.

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Khan, Shaheer H., and Ole Hindsgaul. "Chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides." In Molecular Glycobiology, 206–29. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199633876.003.0005.

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Abstract That oligosaccharides can function as ligands in biological recognition, usually through their binding to protein receptor sites, is now beyond dispute. The active structures have been identified in cases ranging in diversity from bacterial and viral adhesion to cell-cell recognition in the development of whole organisms. But the potential range of activities seems almost unlimited as noted in a recent, comprehensive and unusually open-minded review article entitled 'Biological function of oligosaccharides: all of the theories are correct’ (1).

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Slocik, Joseph M., Marc R. Knecht, and Rajesh R. Naik. "Biogenic Synthesis of Inorganic Materials." In Unconventional Green Synthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials, 29–103. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839165757-00029.

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Biology offers inspiration, solutions, and opportunities for the synthesis of inorganic materials. Overall, this includes accessibility to a vast array of diverse biomolecular templates (e.g., amino acids, peptides, and proteins), higher order biological structures with unparalleled functionality, highly specialised and complex processes (i.e., sensing and self-assembly), and an unlimited source of plants, enzymes, and microorganisms that exhibit unique biological activity. In this chapter, we describe the extensive effort aimed at mimicking the level of molecular and genetic control of biological systems for the synthesis and assembly of inorganic materials, with the goal of creating advanced materials with new properties and structures and/or replacing harsh industrial processes (e.g., production of Portland cement).

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Picksley, Steven M., and David P. Lane. "Production of monoclonal antibodies against proteins expressed in E. coli." In DNA Cloning 2, 93–122. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634798.003.0004.

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Abstract The production of monoclonal antibodies against the product of a genetically identified open reading frame (ORF) is often a major starting point in its characterization. The procedure is more complex than that described in Chapter 2 for the production of polyclonal antibodies and should be seen as a complementary technique. Ideally, both procedures should be employed to exploit the full potential of immunochemical analysis. For while the major benefits of monoclonal antibodies, namely their unlimited supply and defined specificity, come into their own during the advanced stages of characterization, polyclonal antibodies do allow simple detection and immunodepletion studies. The preparation of monoclonal antibodies is, however, preferred for the quantitative assay of the ORF product and for rapid purification of the product in a biologically active form. Moreover, the fine mapping of the antibody binding sites (epitopes) on the ORF product, when correlated with their effect on biological activity, provides a valuable insight into possible structure-function relationships.

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Brazma, Alvis. "From DNA to Language." In Living Computers, 205–36. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192871947.003.0009.

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Abstract With the emergence of human language, large amounts of information ‘broke out’ of the DNA ‘harness’ for the first time in the history of life on Earth. This chapter discusses what is unique to human language (and absent in other animals’ communications) that allows for the transmission of unlimited amounts of information. How did biological evolution lead to the emergence of such abilities? Do humans have specific language genes? How did genes enabling the faculty of language evolve? Language not only enabled humans to communicate unlimited amounts of information by means other than inherited DNA, but it also raised cultural evolution to a qualitatively different level. Cultural evolution led to the emergence of writing and created means of recording and processing information different from those that fundamentally rely on DNA, RNA, and proteins making up the animal and human brain.

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Barber, James. "Biological solar energy." In Energy... beyond oil. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209965.003.0011.

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Oil, gas, and coal provide us with most of the energy needed to power our technologies, heat our homes, and produce the wide range of chemicals and materials that support everyday life. Ultimately the quantities of fossil fuels available to us today will dwindle, and then what? Even before that we are faced with the problem of increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the consequences of global warming (Climate Change, 2001). To address these issues it is appropriate to remind ourselves that fossil fuel reserves are derived from the process of photosynthesis. Plants, algae, and certain types of bacteria have learnt how to capture sunlight efficiently and convert it into organic molecules, the building blocks of all living organisms. It is estimated that photosynthesis produces more than 100 billion tons of dry biomass annually, which would be equivalent to a hundred times the weight of the total human population on our planet at the present time, and equal to about 100 TJ of stored energy. In this chapter we emphasize the enormity of the energy/carbon dioxide problem that we face within the coming decades and discuss the contributions that could be made by biofuels and developing new technologies based on the successful principles of photosynthesis. We will particularly emphasize the possibility of exploiting the vast amounts of solar energy available to extract hydrogen directly from water. The success of this energy generating and storage system stems from the fact that the raw materials and power needed to synthesise biomass are available in almost unlimited amounts: sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. At the heart of the reaction is the splitting of water by sunlight into oxygen and hydrogen. The oxygen (a ‘waste product’ of the synthesis) is released into the atmosphere where it is available for us to breathe and to use for burning our fuels. The ‘hydrogen’ is not normally released into the atmosphere as H2, but instead is combined with carbon dioxide to make organic molecules of various types.

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Namasudra, Suyel. "Data Access Control in the Cloud Computing Environment for Bioinformatics." In Research Anthology on Bioinformatics, Genomics, and Computational Biology, 553–65. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3026-5.ch025.

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Bioinformatics is a branch of science that applies computational science in the biological world. In bioinformatics, large sizes of biological data (genome) are processed in the cloud computing platform. Due to the advantages of cloud computing, such as reduced cost scalability, high performance, unlimited storage and many more, the applications of cloud computing in bioinformatics are increasing exponentially. However, cloud computing has some disadvantages like security, privacy, transferability, etc. Among all these problems, access control is a critical issue in the cloud computing environment. The main objective of this paper is to present many access control models along with their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, some of the popular cloud-based bioinformatics applications are also introduced for the benefit of researchers.

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Bensasson, R. v., E. J. Land, and T. G. Truscott. "Cancer: radiotherapy." In Excited States and Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 290–305. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198555605.003.0010.

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Abstract Both normal and malignant cells are sensitive to high energy radiation. Although a long-term effect of high energy irradiation can be cancer induction, such radiation can also be used to treat cancer. Cancer is characterized by a pro gressive accumulation of malignant cells and the object of radiotherapy is to sterilize cancer cells so that they lose their capacity for unlimited proliferation. One of the important aims of radiation chemical and radiation biological studies is to provide information which may lead to the optimization of radiotherapy.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Biologicals Unlimited"

Katanić Stanković, Jelena S., Vanja Todorović, Jelena Đorović Jovanović, Zoran Marković, Sanja Krstić, Nevena Dabetić, Slađana Šobajić, Agnieszka Bartoszek, Zoran Maksimović, and Rudolf Bauer. "„In vitro“ and „in silico“ assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of cocoa powders." In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.156ks.

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Plants are considered the major sources of biologically active compounds, which provide unlimited opportunities for their use either as medical treatments or as novel drug formulations. Cocoa powder is frequently used in nutrition and is known to have many benefits thanks to its wide range of biological activities. The presented study was focused on the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory potential of extracts obtained from cocoa powder. In vitro assays were employed to evaluate the level of inhibition of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 activities (COX-1 and COX-2) by tested extracts. Molecular docking was used for in silico prediction of cyclooxygenase isoforms inhibition by selected cocoa powder constituents. The results showed that all tested extracts exerted much higher potential in inhibiting COX-2 activity and may be considered in use as selective inhibitors of COX-2 enzyme. On the other hand, in silico study shows quercetin and clovamide as the compounds with the highest potential to inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2.

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Crawford, R. H., J. W. Barlow, J. J. Beaman, and D. L. Bourell. "Replacement of Biological Parts Using Solid Freeform Fabrication Technologies." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0331.

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Abstract The use of Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) for creating models and visual prototypes of products is gaining rapid acceptance in industry as an aid to decreasing time-to-market while increasing product quality. The strengths of these processes include rapid turnaround time and the ability to create parts of almost unlimited shape complexity. Research in these technologies has now turned to searching for new processes and material systems that will allow the creation of functional parts. One promising area of application is fabrication of replacement biological parts. SFF technologies are particularly suited to these applications because of the complex shapes involved. Research at The University of Texas at Austin is focused on the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process and the development of biocompatible material systems that can be processed with SLS. In this paper we describe the status of SLS processing of calcium powders to form artificial bones. We also present the results of animal implantation tests to prove biocompatibility of the materials.

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Zec, Helena, Tushar D. Rane, Wen-Chy Chu, and Tza-Huei Wang. "Microfluidic Combinatorial Screening Platform." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73159.

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We propose a microfluidic droplet-based platform that accepts an unlimited number of sample plugs from a multi-well plate, performs splitting of these sample droplets into smaller daughter droplets and subsequent synchronization-free, reliable fusion of sample daughter droplets with multiple reagents simultaneously. This system consists of two components: 1) a custom autosampler which generates a linear array of sub-microliter plugs in a microcapillary from a multi-well plate and 2) A microfluidic chip with channels for sample plug introduction, reagent merging and droplet incubation. This novel system generates large arrays of heterogeneous droplets from hundreds to thousands of samples while concurrently screening these arrays against a large array of reagents. This high throughput system minimizes sample and reagent consumption and can be applied to a gamut of biological assays, ranging from SNP detection to forensic screening.

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Brosilovski, Yael. "Crossbreed – (Re) producing the Future." In International Conference on the 4th Game Set and Match (GSM4Q-2019). Qatar University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/gsm4q.2019.0017.

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The subject of technological intervention has been largely debated among the world’s greatest minds. Political, theological, psychological, biological and ethical implications have all been argued for and against the ‘technological other’. Does the fact we now CAN perform certain operations and changes to the human body and society at large actually mean we SHOULD? What impact can we foresee with unlimited human intervention in nature ‘as it was intended’? How can we benefit from an era of information flow, where crossing and hybridizing-disciplines, or as I term it “crossbreeding”, become the new breeding ground for innovation? How would Architecture be affected by a future that belongs to organic, non-organic humans and anything in between? This paper will discuss these issues and take a peep into where we might be headed in the near future, so to better understand the challenges that are ahead of us.

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Kim, Minwook, Isaac E. Erickson, Jason A. Burdick та Robert L. Mauck. "Transient Exposure to TGF-β3 Improves the Functional Properties of MSC-Seeded Photocrosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels". У ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53906.

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Articular cartilage is the primary compressive load bearing soft tissue in diarthrodial joints. While the tissue can function remarkably well in a demanding environment over a lifetime of use, focal defects and other trauma can initiate progressive degeneration. Cartilage tissue engineering approaches have been developed with the goal of forming biologic replacement materials with functional mechanical properties [1]. While chondrocytes are a popular cell source for such approaches, and can produce constructs with near-native functional properties [2], mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow have emerged as an attractive alternative cell type. MSCs are multi-potent and easy to expand, and so are available in a nearly unlimited supply, and in an autologous fashion. While MSCs can undergo functional chondrogenesis in a variety of 3D contexts [3], we are particularly interested in the translational capacity of hyaluronic acid (HA). Hydrogels formed from this natural constituent of the cartilage extracellular matrix provide a biologically relevant interface for encapsulated cells and gel properties are readily tunable [4, 5]. Indeed, using a methacrylated (and so photo-crosslinkable) HA macromer, we have optimized gel formation and functional matrix production by MSCs with variations in both macromer (1%, [5]) and MSC (∼60 million cells/mL, [6]) concentration, consistently producing cartilage-like constructs with near native compressive properties. Additionally, we have reported that transient exposure of TGF-β3 (for three weeks) to MSCs in agarose constructs at a high-density induced a stable chondrogenic phenotype, with functional properties at six weeks greater than continual exposure to this pro-chondrogenic factor [7]. Transient exposure presents an interesting paradigm with clinical relevance, in vivo defect filling will require robust maturation of the engineered tissue driven by TGF-β3 delivered from the material itself in a controlled and sustained fashion. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimal TGF-β3 dosage and duration of exposure required to promote the most robust chondrogenesis and functional maturation of MSCs in this HA hydrogel system.

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