Статті в журналах: "Biological pest control"

1

Price, Peter W., and Gregory D. Martinsen. "Biological pest control." Biomass and Bioenergy 6, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(94)90088-4.

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2

Mlot, C. "Biological Pest Control Harms Natives." Science News 152, no. 7 (August 16, 1997): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3981004.

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3

Williams, Trevor, Hugo C. Arredondo-Bernal, and Luis A. Rodríguez-del-Bosque. "Biological Pest Control in Mexico." Annual Review of Entomology 58, no. 1 (January 7, 2013): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153552.

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4

McEvoy, Peter B. "Host Specificity and Biological Pest Control." BioScience 46, no. 6 (June 1996): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312873.

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5

Marković, Dimitrije. "Crop Diversification Affects Biological Pest Control." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 14, no. 3 (December 13, 2013): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1303449m.

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Crop monocultures encourage the multiplication and spread of pest insects on massive and uniform crop. Numerous studies have evaluated the impact of plant diversification on pests and beneficial arthropods population dynamics in agricultural ecosystems and provided some evidence that habitat manipulation techniques like intercropping can significantly influence pest control. This paper describes various potential options of habitat management and design that enhance ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. The focus of this review is the application and mechanisms of biodiversity in agricultural systems to enhance pest management.

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6

Aanen, Duur K., Bernard Slippers, and Michael J. Wingfield. "Biological pest control in beetle agriculture." Trends in Microbiology 17, no. 5 (May 2009): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2009.02.006.

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7

Klassen, Waldemar. "Biological pest control: Needs and opportunities." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 2-3 (1988): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002289.

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AbstractThe extent to which pests should be managed by biological versus chemical methods has been a burning public policy issue since about 1950. A thorough policy analysis is needed to facilitate movement beyond the status quo. Such analysis should: a) review the extent of adoption of ecologically selective methods of pest control that have emerged from the last three decades of research, b) examine changes in policies, legislation and institutional arrangements that would foster more rapid and widespread adoption of environmentally benign pest controls, c) assess the role of biological controls in facilitating survival of farms during periods of economic adversity and in increasing the competitiveness of American agriculture, d) evaluate opportunities to use ecologically selective pest controls to improve water quality, to reduce environmental impacts of pests and of farming practices, and to preserve the usefulness of pest-resistant crop cultivars and pesticides, and e) identify options and mechanisms to further increase the flow of private and public resources into biocontrol research, development and implementation. A committee of highly accomplished and respected citizens needs to be formed to conduct a thorough analysis of the above and other issues related to the long-term economic viability of farming and to the development and widespread adoption of agricultural practices that will conserve and improve the resource base, and that are devoid of negative impacts on the environment and public health.

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8

Pereira, R. R., D. V. C. Neves, J. N. Campos, P. A. Santana Júnior, T. E. Hunt, and M. C. Picanço. "Natural biological control ofChrysodeixis includens." Bulletin of Entomological Research 108, no. 6 (February 6, 2018): 831–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531800007x.

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AbstractA wide variety of abiotic and biotic factors act on insect pests to regulate their populations. Knowledge of the time and magnitude of these factors is fundamental to understanding population dynamics and developing efficient pest management systems. We investigate the natural mortality factors, critical pest stages, and key mortality factors that regulateChrysodeixis includenspopulations via ecological life tables. The total mortality caused by natural factors was 99.99%. Natural enemies were the most important mortality factors in all pest stages. The critical stages ofC. includensmortality were second and fourth instars. The key mortality factors were predation by ants in the second instar and predation by Vespidae in the fourth instar. The elimination of these factors can cause an increase of 77.52 and 85.17% ofC. includenspopulation, respectively. This study elucidates the importance of natural enemies and other natural mortality factors inC. includenspopulation regulation. These factors should be considered in developing and implementingC. includensmanagement strategies and tactics in order to achieve effective and sustainable pest control.

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9

van Lenteren, Joop C. "Implementation of biological control." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 2-3 (1988): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002265.

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AbstractThe number of species of insect pests, estimated to be maximally 10,000 worldwide, forms only a small part of the millions of species of plant-eating insects. Chemical pest control is becoming increasingly difficult and objectionable in terms of environmental contamination so that other methods of pest control need to be developed. One of the best alternatives is biological control. Natural and inoculative biological control has already proven successful against a variety of pests over large areas. One is inclined to forget, however, how successful a biological control program has been as soon as the pest problem has been solved. Other types of biological control involving the regular introduction or augmentation of natural enemies are better known, although these have been applied on a much smaller scale; a survey of the present-day application of these latter types of biological control is presented here. Phases in the implementation of biological control are illustrated and needed future developments in research are discussed. The main limitation on the development of biological control is not the research, since natural enemies are easier found and with a much lower investment than new chemical pesticides, but rather the attitudes held by growers and disinterest on the part of industry, policy-makers, and politicians. The first priority for those concerned with the development and application of safer pest control should, therefore, be to change the perceptions that these other groups have of biological control.

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10

Hill, Stuart B. "Cultural pest control." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 2, no. 4 (1987): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300009383.

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11

Carlson, Gerald A. "Economics of biological control of pests." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 2-3 (1988): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002277.

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Biological pest control techniques usually have identifiable costs and constraints that they must overcome before they will be adopted by farmers. Many biological control agents are developed in the public sector and need economic assessments at an early stage. The methods often have hidden costs related to farm labor adjustments or initial costs of development. Living biological controls frequently escape, and they may be disrupted by pesticides, regulations, or farm commodity programs. Pest control registration procedures and small markets also present obstacles. Area-wide implementation programs and changes in incentives for researchers may speed development and adoption of biological controls.

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12

D'Angelo, Anthony J., and James Quinn. "BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL WITH CONTINUOUS GREENHOUSE CULTURE." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1101b—1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1101b.

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A strategy for controlling pests with biological control was sought for production of salad greens and herbs in a nutrient film technique (NFT) growing system. A case study was initiated in October 1989 using a one half hectare greenhouse range (1988 construction) with no past or present synthetic insecticide use. Problematic pests were aphids and thrips. A natural predator/pest cycle (NPC) area was established (5% of total greenhouse area with potted herbs on benches) to provide an area for predators to establish and reproduce. Introduced predators, which successfully reproduced in the greenhouse, were Apidoletes aphidimyza (aphid control), Amblyseius macKenzie, and A. cucumeris (thrip control), Encarsia formosa (whitefly control), and Phyoseiulus persimilus (two spotted spider mite control), Naturally occuring predators of importance included a wasp parasitoid of aphids (Hymenoptera) and an insect predator, the minute pirate bug (Hemipters, Anthocoridae), which feeds on thrips and aphids.Two flying predators of aphids (A. aphidimyza and the wasp parasitoid) dispersed well from the NPC area and provided effective control. The technique of applying the thrips predators, a slow moving mite to flats shortly before transplanting provided good dispersal on all transplants. The time for effective control by the predator was 4 to 6 weeks. Effective control was observed in chives but not shorter cycle crops (3 to 5 weeks average). Immature minute pirate bugs were also observed in the chives assisting in control. Effective spider mite control was accomplished 2 to 3 weeks after the release of P. persimills into infested area. Whitefly populations have been effectively controlled by E. formosa.

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13

Li, Liying. "Pest Biological Control: Goals Throughout My Life." Annual Review of Entomology 67, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-093020-104053.

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This autobiography documents the life and accomplishments of Li Liying. Born into a poor family in China, she eventually became director of Guangdong Entomological Institute. After graduating middle school (1949), she was admitted to the Agronomy Faculty at Beijing Agricultural University but was shortly after redirected by the Chinese Government to Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia. The last year of her study at Timiryazev Agricultural Academy was a pivotal experience. She had the opportunity to conduct fieldwork on cotton pest control and became aware of the harmful practice of aerially spraying highly toxic organophosphates with workers present. She decided to dedicate herself to finding safer alternatives and became a leader in the development of mass-rearing techniques for insects beneficial to agriculture. She traveled to laboratories in several foreign countries to foster collaboration and exchange of ideas among colleagues. She is recognized for her service to entomological societies, teaching at universities, and love of entomology.

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14

M. Colombo, Rinaldo, and Elena Rossi. "A modeling framework for biological pest control." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 17, no. 2 (2020): 1413–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2020072.

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15

Mills, N. J. "Biological Control, a Century of Pest Management." Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, no. 4 (December 1990): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300050598.

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16

Van Lenteren, J. C., and J. Woets. "Biological and Integrated Pest control in Greenhouses." Annual Review of Entomology 33, no. 1 (January 1988): 239–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.33.010188.001323.

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17

Moffat, A. "Research on biological pest control moves ahead." Science 252, no. 5003 (April 12, 1991): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2011760.

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18

Pilkington, Leigh J., Gerben Messelink, Joop C. van Lenteren, and Kristian Le Mottee. "“Protected Biological Control” – Biological pest management in the greenhouse industry." Biological Control 52, no. 3 (March 2010): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.022.

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19

Tan, Yuanshun, and Lansun Chen. "Modelling approach for biological control of insect pest by releasing infected pest." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 39, no. 1 (January 2009): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2007.01.098.

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20

GRAMMENOS, Gerasimos, Varvara KOUNELI, Antonios MAVROEIDIS, Ioannis ROUSSIS, Ioanna KAKABOUKI, Alexandros TATARIDAS, and Dimitrios BILALIS. "Beneficial Insects for Biological Pest Control in Greenhouse Cannabis Production." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 78, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2021.0037.

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A greenhouse cannabis cultivation took place in Agriculture university of Athens in order to quantify the efficiency of beneficial insects as a main method of pest management. Cannabis plants grown in two greenhouses and beneficial insects were released only in one greenhouse as a means to investigate the efficacy against pests by the comparison with the control greenhouse. Measurements included the visual estimation of infestation, the recording of pest species and populations, and the comparison of infestations and yields amongst greenhouses. Our results indicate that beneficial insects could control pest populations up to 100%. Even though the environmental conditions were not optimal and consecutive pest infestations were observed throughout the duration of our study, the beneficial insects successfully managed the pest populations. In conclusion, biological control with beneficial insects is a very effective method for pest management in greenhouse cannabis production.

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21

Aderinto, Y. O., O. M. Bamibgola, F. M. Jimoh, M. A. Ganiyu, and T. Aliu. "A Qualitative Study of Biological Pest Control System." Asian Journal of Mathematics & Statistics 6, no. 1 (December 15, 2012): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajms.2013.43.51.

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22

KOGA, Hironori. "Biological pest control of grasses by Acremonium endophytes." Mycotoxins 1995, no. 41 (1995): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.5.

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23

LIMA, P. J. "USDA pest risk assessment of biological control organisms." EPPO Bulletin 22, no. 3 (September 1992): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1992.tb00531.x.

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24

Honda, Ken-ichiro. "Biological Photo-response Technology for Agricultural Pest Control." Japanese journal of applied entomology and zoology 58, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2014.1.

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25

KHACHATOURIANS, G. "Production and use of biological pest control agents." Trends in Biotechnology 4, no. 5 (May 1986): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(86)90144-7.

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26

Redlich, Sarah, Emily A. Martin, and Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter. "Landscape-level crop diversity benefits biological pest control." Journal of Applied Ecology 55, no. 5 (March 2, 2018): 2419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13126.

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27

Ito, Hiroshi C., and Natsuko I. Kondo. "Biological pest control by investing crops in pests." Population Ecology 54, no. 4 (May 26, 2012): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10144-012-0325-6.

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28

Lindström, Irmeli, Heidi Karvonen, Katri Suuronen, and Hille Suojalehto. "Occupational asthma from biological pest control in greenhouses." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 6, no. 2 (March 2018): 692–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2017.08.034.

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29

Li, Yaning, Yan Li, Yu Liu, and Huidong Cheng. "Stability Analysis and Control Optimization of a Prey-Predator Model with Linear Feedback Control." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (December 5, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4945728.

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The application of pest management involves two thresholds when the chemical control and biological control are adopted, respectively. Our purpose is to provide an appropriate balance between the chemical control and biological control. Therefore, a Smith predator-prey system for integrated pest management is established in this paper. In this model, the intensity of implementation of biological control and chemical control depends linearly on the selected control level (threshold). Firstly, the existence and uniqueness of the order-one periodic solution (i.e., OOPS) are proved by means of the subsequent function method to confirm the feasibility of the biological and chemical control strategy of pest management. Secondly, the stability of system is proved by the limit method of the successor points’ sequences and the analogue of the Poincaré criterion. Moreover, an optimization strategy is formulated to reduce the total cost and obtain the best level of pest control. Finally, the numerical simulation of a specific model is performed.

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30

RAFIKOV, MARAT, JOSÉ MANOEL BALTHAZAR, and HUBERTUS F. VON BREMEN. "MANAGEMENT OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS: MODELING THE BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL." Biophysical Reviews and Letters 03, no. 01n02 (April 2008): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793048008000721.

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The aim of this paper is to study the cropping system as complex one, applying methods from theory of dynamic systems and from the control theory to the mathematical modeling of the biological pest control. The complex system can be described by different mathematical models. Based on three models of the pest control, the various scenarios have been simulated in order to obtain the pest control strategy only through natural enemies' introduction.

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31

Saha, Sangeeta, and Guruprasad Samanta. "Modeling of Insect-Pathogen Dynamics with Biological Control." Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics 15, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 268–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/2020.15.268.

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In this work, a model has been proposed to analyze the effect of wild plant species on biologically-based technologies for pest control. It is assumed that the pest species have a second food source (wild host plants) except crops. Analytical results prove that the model is well-posed as the system variables are positive and uniformly bounded. The permanence of the system has been verified. Equilibrium points and corresponding stability analysis have also been performed. Numerical figures have supported the fact that the interior steady state if it exists, remains stable for any transmission rate. Henceforth biological control has a stabilizing effect. Furthermore, the results prove that biological control is beneficial not only for wild plants but for crops too.

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32

Shirazi, Jalal, Shahram Farrokhi, Mohammadreza Attaran, Shahram Naeimi, and Hemmat Dadpour. "Biological Pest Control in Iran: Past, Present and Future." Outlooks on Pest Management 32, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v32_dec_02.

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The authors review the historical use of biological pest control in Iran, assess the effectiveness of current programs and discuss the path forward for this technology as part of future integrated pest management programs.

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33

Drummond, Frank, and Beth Choate. "Ants as biological control agents in agricultural cropping systems." Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 4, no. 2 (2011): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187498311x571979.

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AbstractAnts positively impact agricultural systems by rapidly consuming large numbers of pest insects, disturbing pests during feeding and oviposition, and increasing soil quality and nutrients. The ability of ants to control pest species has been recognized since the year 300 A.D. and farmers continue to conserve and promote ant populations in agricultural systems worldwide. Naturally occurring ant species in milpas, mango, citrus, coconut, cashews, and cotton control many pest insects. Through judicious insecticide application and changes in management practices such as tillage, and other manipulations of vegetation and crop structure, beneficial ant populations are conserved in a variety of agroecosystems. The first recorded example of biological control was the manipulation of ants throughout citrus orchards in Asia. Augmentation continues in citrus, and methods of ant introduction have been developed in Malaysian and Indonesian cocoa plantations, as well as to control sweet potato and banana weevils in Cuba. Ant species have been formally incorporated into other integrated pest management programs for cashew in Australia, cocoa in Papua New Guinea, and mango in Australia and Vietnam. With efforts to reduce chemical pesticide input in agricultural systems, research evaluating the ability of generalist ant species to control pest insects must continue.

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34

Cook, R. James. "Biological control and holistic plant-health care in agriculture." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 2-3 (1988): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002186.

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AbstractBiological control is defined broadly as the “use of natural or modified organisms, genes, or gene products” to reduce the effects of pests and diseases. Physical control is the use of tillage, open-field burning, heat-treatment (pasteurization), and other physical methods, usually to eliminate pests or separate them from the crop. Chemical control is the use of synthetic chemical pesticides to eliminate pests or reduce their effects. The many approaches to biological control can be categorized conceptionally into 1) regulation of the pest population (the classical approach), 2) exclusionary systems of protection (a living barrier of microorganisms on the plant or animal that deters infection or pest attack), and 3) systems of self-defense (resistance and immunization). The agents of biological control include the pest- or disease-agent itself (sterile males or avirulent strains of pathogens), antagonists or natural enemies, or the plant or animal managed or manipulated (immunized) to defend itself. The methods range from 1) conserving and making maximum use of indigenous (resident) biological control through cultural practices, 2) making one-time or occasional introductions of genes or natural enemies that are more or less self-sustaining and 3) making repeated introductions of a biocontrol agent (e.g. a microbial pesticide). Biological, physical, and chemical treatments and pest controls can be integrated into holistic plant-health care also known as integrated crop and pest management. Eight principles of plant health care are offered: 1) know the production limits of the agroecosystem; 2) rotate the crops; 3) maintain soil organic matter; 4) use clean planting material; 5) plant well-adapted, pest-resistant cultivars; 6) minimize environmental and nutritional stresses; 7) maximize the effects of beneficial organisms; and 8) protect with pesticides as necessary.

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Rafikov, Marat, Alfredo Del Sole Lordelo, and Elvira Rafikova. "Impulsive Biological Pest Control Strategies of the Sugarcane Borer." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/726783.

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We propose an impulsive biological pest control of the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) by its egg parasitoidTrichogramma galloibased on a mathematical model in which the sugarcane borer is represented by the egg and larval stages, and the parasitoid is considered in terms of the parasitized eggs. By using the Floquet theory and the small amplitude perturbation method, we show that there exists a globally asymptotically stable pest-eradication periodic solution when some conditions hold. The numerical simulations show that the impulsive release of parasitoids provides reliable strategies of the biological pest control of the sugarcane borer.

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Bale, J. S., J. C. van Lenteren, and F. Bigler. "Biological control and sustainable food production." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1492 (September 6, 2007): 761–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2182.

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The use of biological control for the management of pest insects pre-dates the modern pesticide era. The first major successes in biological control occurred with exotic pests controlled by natural enemy species collected from the country or area of origin of the pest (classical control). Augmentative control has been successfully applied against a range of open-field and greenhouse pests, and conservation biological control schemes have been developed with indigenous predators and parasitoids. The cost–benefit ratio for classical biological control is highly favourable (1 : 250) and for augmentative control is similar to that of insecticides (1 : 2–1 : 5), with much lower development costs. Over the past 120 years, more than 5000 introductions of approximately 2000 non-native control agents have been made against arthropod pests in 196 countries or islands with remarkably few environmental problems. Biological control is a key component of a ‘systems approach’ to integrated pest management, to counteract insecticide-resistant pests, withdrawal of chemicals and minimize the usage of pesticides. Current studies indicate that genetically modified insect-resistant Bt crops may have no adverse effects on the activity or function of predators or parasitoids used in biological control. The introduction of rational approaches for the environmental risk assessment of non-native control agents is an essential step in the wider application of biological control, but future success is strongly dependent on a greater level of investment in research and development by governments and related organizations that are committed to a reduced reliance on chemical control.

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Aderinto, Yidiat O., Faith O. Ibiwoye, Michael O. Oke, and Folashade M. Jimoh. "Mathematical Characterization of Biological Control of Cassava Pests Model." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 5 (January 5, 2022): 1882–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i5.32.

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Pests are major constraints to the effective growth and development of every crop through their damage, and can be controlled effectively by the use of their natural enemies which is referred to as the biological pest control. In this study, the biological control model of cassava pests through optimal control theory was presented in order to minimize the population of the pests and stabilize the natural enemies population so as not to affect the crop negatively. A mathematical model was formulated via the Lotka-Volterra model, and the model was characterized. The optimality system was established, the equilibrium point with its uniqueness was established for the model. Finally, stability analysis of the model was investigated through optimal control approach and numerical data were employed to validate the system. The results obtained showed that cassava pests can be effectively controlled biologically. Keywords: Optimal control, Cassava pest, Biological control, Stability, Natural enemies

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38

Dakhel, Wahid H., Stefan T. Jaronski, and Scott Schell. "Control of Pest Grasshoppers in North America." Insects 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090566.

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Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) frequently inflict damage on millions of hectares of western rangelands and crops. The main method of controlling grasshopper outbreaks consists of covering their infestations with chemical insecticides. Although it is relatively cheap, fast, and efficient, chemical control bears serious risks to human health, non-target organisms, and the environment. To overcome this challenge, biological control is a less environmentally hazardous alternative to traditional, synthetic insecticides. This paper reviews strategies that could be used as effective ways to control such pests with a special focus on effective bait formulations that might provide a key model in developing biological control strategies for the grasshopper population.

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39

Abou-Haidar, André, Patil Tawidian, Hana Sobh, Margaret Skinner, Bruce Parker, and Yusuf Abou-Jawdah. "Efficacy of Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblyseius swirskii for integrated pest management for greenhouse cucumbers under Mediterranean environmental conditions." Canadian Entomologist 153, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): 598–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2021.15.

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AbstractThe greenhouse cucumber pests, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), are major threats to the production of greenhouse cucumbers (Cucurbitaceae) in Lebanon. The development of insecticide resistance by these pests has prompted the use of alternative and sustainable pest management strategies. In this study, we used integrated pest management strategies, including the release of the biological control agents, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae), to control whitefly, thrips, and two-spotted spider mite populations on greenhouse cucumber plants in two commercial production sites (sites A and B). We also compared the efficacy of pest population suppression using the integrated pest management strategy with that of chemical pest control. Our results show that biological control effectively maintains the cucumber pest populations below the economic threshold when coupled with additional integrated pest management measures. In addition, we show that biological control agents were equally or more effective in pest population suppression compared to eight and 12 insecticidal and acaricidal sprays performed in the control greenhouses at sites A and B, respectively. Altogether, our results show the efficacy of adopting integrated pest management and biological control for pest population suppression in greenhouse cucumber production under Mediterranean environmental conditions.

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Arnold, Joshua Earl. "Biological Control Services from Parasitic Hymenoptera in Urban Agriculture." Insects 13, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13050467.

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Urban agriculture is practiced in spatially fragmented landscapes with unique characteristics that can impact species occurrence in time and space. As a result, biological control services, an ecosystem service from naturally occurring arthropod natural enemies, can be negatively impacted. Many urban farms forgo pesticides and utilize agroecological pest-management strategies that rely on natural enemies to help regulate pest populations. Understanding how these enemies are affected by landscape composition and on-farm management practices is critical to understanding agroecological pest management in UA and furthering our understanding of landscape-mediated population dynamics. Over two growing seasons, we sampled brassica crops in urban agriculture sites occurring on a spectrum of surrounding landscape imperviousness, spatial composition, size, and management practices to better understand parasitic Hymenoptera abundance, richness, and parasitism rates on the common cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae). We found that on-farm agroecological pest-management practices such as mulch coverage, floral richness, and overall crop-plant richness impacted parasitic Hymenoptera abundance. Larger proportions of on-farm noncrop area increased parasitoid abundance on urban farms. Aphid parasitism increased in relation to on-farm management practices, including increased crop-plant richness. These findings add to a growing understanding of urban agroecosystem function and support the enemies hypothesis in urban agroecosystems.

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41

Templeton, George E. "Biological control of weeds." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 2-3 (1988): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002204.

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AbstractA shortage of effective, non-chemical pest control measures is a major constraint to more widespread adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Overcoming this constraint with biological pest control tactics appears to be an attainable goal but will require substantial public sector support. Biological agents that are self-perpetuating do not offer profit incentive to private industry. On the other hand, microbial pesticides, which do require annual application, often are so highly specific for particular pests that the private sector is unable to risk venture capital for their development. Collaboration between public- and private-sector scientists is essential for biological pesticide development. In the U.S., a model working relationship for technology transfer between the private and public sector has been achieved with two commercial mycoherbicides, Collego™ and DeVine™. The model illustrates the strengths of the public sector for creating and storing fundamental knowledge of biological interactions at the organismal and ecosystem levels, also the capability of the private sector for large-scale production of fungi, for drying labile, living products, for effective patent protection, for satisfying EPA registration requirements, and for the commercial distribution, marketing and servicing of agricultural products. From three perspectives-biological, technical, and commercial—the success of Collego™ and DeVine™ has provided a definite step in the quest for low-cost weed control methods that are not hazardous to the environment nor in ground water. These successes also provide a model for an approach to reducing the dependence of agriculture upon chemical herbicides, the most extensively used chemical pesticides in agricultural production, likewise a useful insight toward technology that can lead to more widespread adoption of low-input, environmentally compatible and sustainable agricultural production.

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42

Hui-lian Xu, Rongyan Xu, Feifei Qin, Gang Ma, Yi Yu, and Shailendra Kumar Shah. "BIOLOGICAL PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL IN GREENHOUSE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 767 (March 2008): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.767.23.

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Boonyaprapasorn, Arsit, Suwat Kuntanapreeda, Teerawat Sangpet, Parinya Sa Ngiamsunthorn, and Eakkachai Pengwang. "Biological Pest Control Based on Tensor Product Transformation Method." Acta Polytechnica Hungarica 17, no. 6 (2020): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12700/aph.17.6.2020.6.2.

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44

Puebla, Hector, Priti Kumar Roy, Alejandra Velasco‐Perez, and Margarita M. Gonzalez‐Brambila. "Biological pest control using a model‐based robust feedback." IET Systems Biology 12, no. 6 (December 2018): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5010.

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45

Hokkanen, H. M. T. "Biological control methods of pest insects in oilseed rape." EPPO Bulletin 38, no. 1 (April 2008): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2008.01191.x.

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46

Tang, Sanyi, and Robert A. Cheke. "Models for integrated pest control and their biological implications." Mathematical Biosciences 215, no. 1 (September 2008): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2008.06.008.

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47

Bhanu Gupta, Amit Sharma, and Sanjay K. Srivastava. "Stability Analysis of Integrated Pest Management with Impulsive Biological Control." Mathematical Journal of Interdisciplinary Sciences 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/mjis.2018.62007.

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The aim of the present work is to study the dynamics of stage-structured pest control model including biological control, i.e. by releasing of natural enemies and infected pests periodically. It is assumed that only immature susceptible pests are attacked by natural enemies admitting Beddington DeAngelis functional response and mature susceptible pests are contacted by infected pests with bilinear incidence rate and become exposed. The sufficient condition for local stability of pest extinction periodic solution is derived by making use of Floquet’s theory and small amplitude perturbation technique. The global attractivity of pest extinction periodic solution is also established by applying comparison principle of impulsive differential equations.

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Ridings, W. H. "Biological Control of Stranglervine in Citrus–A Researcher's View." Weed Science 34, S1 (1986): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450006834x.

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Stranglervine (Morrenia odorata Lindl. # MONOD) was identified in 1957 at a commerical citrus grove in Florida. It is believed that this plant pest was introduced into Florida as an ornamental plant from South America. In the early 1960's, it became recognized as a serious weed pest that competed with the citrus trees for sunlight, water, and nutrients; girdled tree limbs; and interfered with spraying, harvesting, and irrigation practices. By the 1970's the vine was distributed throughout most of the citrus-growing areas in Florida. Control measures were limited to herbicides and mechanical cultivation. It was estimated that the cost of controlling this pest was $124/ha/yr. In many instances, control measures were inadequate to keep the vines from becoming established in the trees (11, 12, 13). Studies reported by El-Gholl (4) further demonstrated the inherent ability of this weed to persist.

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Lacey, Lawrence A., and James D. Harper. "MICROBIAL CONTROL AND INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT." Journal of Entomological Science 21, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-21.3.206.

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Although chemical pesticides are still the principle component of pest control efforts, microbial control agents are increasingly becoming useful in IPM programs. This paper reviews the mechanisms through which pathogens could be used in such programs. In general the strategies of introduction (inoculative or inundative), augmentation, and conservation, recognized for achieving biological control of pests with parasites and predators, are applicable to insect pathogens. Examples of these strategies for microbial control agents and their integration with cultural and chemical control methods in agricultural systems and public health programs are presented.

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Augustyniuk-Kram, Anna. "Organizmy pożyteczne w strategiach biologicznego zwalczania – grzyby owadobójcze." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2010.8.1.05.

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Fungal entomopathogens are widespread in nature and contribute to the natural regulation of insects. They can be exploited for pest management as biological control agents of pests in attempts to improve the sustainability of crop protection. Four types of biological control are recognized: classical, inoculation, inundation, and conservation biological control. Classical biological control is the intentional introduction and permanent establishment of an exotic biological agent for long-term pest management. Inoculation biological control is the intentional release of a living organism as a biological control agent with the expectation that it will multiply and control the pest for an extended period, but not permanently. Inundation biological control is the release of large numbers of mass-produced biological control agents to reduce a pest population without necessarily achieving continuing impact or establishment. Conservation biological control is a modification of the environment or existing practices to protect and enhance specific natural enemies or other organisms to reduce the effect of pests. The traditional and the most popular approach in biological control with entomopathogenic fungi has been to apply the fungal material to the cropping system (as biopesticide), using an inundation biological control strategy. The term biopesticide is used for microbial biological pest control agents that are applied in a similar manner to chemical pesticides. The use of biopesticides can substitute for some (but not all) chemicals and provide environmentally safe and sustainable control of pests but EU legislation and prohibitive registration costs are discouraging the development and commercialization of many promising new products.

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