Статті в журналах: "Biological fluid analysis"

1

Terekhina, N. A., S. E. Reuk, and T. I. Atamanova. "Comparative analysis of ceruloplasmin level in biological fluids at herpes infection." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 5 (October 15, 2013): 752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1936.

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Aim. To compare the levels of ceruloplasmin in tears, saliva and blood serum of patients with herpetic stomatitis and eye herpes to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Methods. Ceruloplasmin levels were determined in tears, saliva and blood serum of 30 children, 22 adult patients with herpetic keratitis and 27 children with acute herpetic stomatitis. Biological fluids of 62 healthy individuals were used as the control group. Results. In patients with eye herpes infection, сeruloplasmin levels increased in oral fluid and blood serum and markedly decreased in tears of both affected and intact eye. Ceruloplasmin levels in biological fluids normalized only among children with light forms of eye herpes at discharge. In the case of acute herpetic stomatitis, ceruloplasmin levels increased in oral fluid and blood serum, depending on the severity of the disease. After the treatment, ceruloplasmin levels in tears, oral fluid and blood plasma normalized only in children with dendritic ulcer (herpes epithelial keratitis), while in adult patients with chronic relapsing eye herpes and in children with highly invasive eye herpes ceruloplasmin levels did not normalize. Conclusion. In the case of infection detected multidirectional ceruloplasmin levels in tears, oral fluids and blood serum changes were found in patients with herpes. Ceruloplasmin level decreased in tears, and increased in blood serum and oral fluid.

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2

Chaulin, A. M., L. S. Karslyan, E. V. Bazyuk, D. A. Nurbaltaeva, and D. V. Duplyakov. "Clinical and Diagnostic Value of Cardiac Markers in Human Biological Fluids." Kardiologiia 59, no. 11 (December 15, 2019): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2019.11.n414.

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The article is devoted to problems of clinical-diagnostic value of determination of cardio-specific troponins in human biological fluids. Improvement of laboratory instrumentation and emergence of high sensitivity methods of analysis have allowed to identify troponins in urine, dialysate, and oral fluid. In the review we present actual information related to measurement of troponins in blood serum, data on testing of cardio-specific troponins in urine, dialysate, and oral fluid. Special attention is paid to determination of some cardiomarkers in oral fluid with thorough analysis of diagnostic value and effectiveness of the conducted studies.

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3

Kalíková, Květa, Denisa Folprechtová, and Zuzana Kadlecová. "Sub/supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Chiral Compounds Analysis." Chemické listy 116, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20220146.

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Chirality is an essential feature of nature as it is common for many biologically active compounds. The different biological effects of individual enantiomers in a chiral environment are generally known. Therefore, there is a need for fast, efficient, and robust methods for their separation, quantification, and purification, too. The easiest way is to use chromatographic methods utilizing chiral stationary phases. Sub/supercritical fluid chromatography has become popular in the field of enantioselective separations in various scopes and, in some cases, has become a method of the first choice. Therefore, this review article covers actual trends and possibilities of sub/supercritical fluid chromatography in enantioseparations. Ways to influence enantioselectivity of the separation system by column coupling, screening approaches, and processes of methodical development for fast and efficient analyses are discussed. Sub/supercritical fluid chromatography under suitable experimental conditions provides fast and highly efficient separation of chiral compounds.

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4

NG, E. Y. K., DHANJOO N. GHISTA, and R. C. JEGATHESE. "NUMERICAL APPROACH TO FLUID-STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF SOFT BIOLOGICAL TISSUE." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 05, no. 01 (March 2005): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519405001278.

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Elasticity problems can be formulated into partial differential equations while analyzing the behavior of fluid-structure coupled problems. The current focus is to study the perfusion and instantaneous material property change in the soft tissues such as myocardium, which is analyzed due to the varying stiffness conditions. The analysis performed has considered physiological range loading conditions.

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5

Hoffmann, G., S. Aramaki, E. Blum-Hoffmann, W. L. Nyhan, and L. Sweetman. "Quantitative analysis for organic acids in biological samples: batch isolation followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.4.587.

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Abstract This new method for qualitative and quantitative determination of organic acids, aldehydes, and ketones in biological samples is effective for use with urine, plasma, and amniotic fluid, and it requires no deproteinization. Isolation by batch-wise liquid partition chromatography on silicic acid follows formation of the O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)oximes of oxoacids, aldehydes, and ketones. The total organic acid content of the sample provides a rapid screening test for metabolic abnormality. A wide-bore, bonded-phase capillary column was used for quantitative gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, followed by automated identification and quantification. Analytical recoveries were quantitative for a wide variety of metabolites. Gas-chromatographic retention indices, discriminating ions, and control ranges in amniotic fluid, plasma, and urine of adult subjects were determined for 61 biologically important compounds.

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6

Garcia, Daisy C., Al Romero, Gerardo C. Garcia, and Enrique M. Ostrea. "Gastric Fluid Analysis for Determining Gestational Cocaine Exposure." Pediatrics 98, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.2.291.

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Concerns for the acute and long-term complications associated with substance abuse during pregnancy have led to various ways of detecting gestational drug exposure in newborn infants. These have ranged from maternal history to the toxicologic analysis of biological samples. Maternal history is often unreliable because of maternal denial of drug use.1 Drug analysis of biological samples have included the analysis of hair, urine, amniotic fluid, and meconium. Hair analysis can provide information on the time and amount of drug use; however, technical problems inherent to the test have limited its use in the newborn period.2 Urine is often tested, but the incidence of false-negative tests is high.3

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7

Niu, Xize, and Andrew J. deMello. "Building droplet-based microfluidic systems for biological analysis." Biochemical Society Transactions 40, no. 4 (July 20, 2012): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20120005.

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In the present paper, we review and discuss current developments and challenges in the field of droplet-based microfluidics. This discussion includes an assessment of the basic fluid dynamics of segmented flows, material requirements, fundamental unit operations and how integration of functional components can be applied to specific biological problems.

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8

Macêdo, Jéssica K. A., Joseph K. Joseph, Jaideep Menon, Teresa Escalante, Alexandra Rucavado, José María Gutiérrez, and Jay W. Fox. "Proteomic Analysis of Human Blister Fluids Following Envenomation by Three Snake Species in India: Differential Markers for Venom Mechanisms of Action." Toxins 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11050246.

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Skin blistering as a result of snakebite envenomation is characteristic of some bites, however little is known regarding the mechanism of blister formation or the composition of the blister fluid. In order to investigate if blister fluid proteomes from humans suffering snakebite envenomation could provide insights on the pathophysiology of these skin alterations, blister fluid was collected from six patients upon presentation at a clinic in India bitten by three species of snakes, Daboia russelii (3), Hypnale hypnale (2), or Naja naja (1). Standard clinical data were recorded throughout the treatment. Approximately 805 proteins were identified in blister fluids using proteomic analyses. Informatics analyses of the proteomes identified the top biological response categories as: platelet degranulation, innate immune response, receptor-mediated endocytosis, complement activation, and blood coagulation. Hierarchical clustering did not show a clear segregation of patients’ proteomes being associated with the species of snake involved, suggesting that either the proteomic profiles described reflect a general response to venom-induced tissue damage or more patient data sets will be required to observe significant differences. Finally, it is of interest that venom proteins were also identified in the blister fluids suggesting that this fluid may serve as a reservoir of venom biologically active proteins/toxins, and as such, may indicate the clinical value of removing blister fluid to attenuate further tissue damage.

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9

Hanson, Erin K., and Jack Ballantyne. "Rapid and inexpensive body fluid identification by RNA profiling-based multiplex High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis." F1000Research 2 (December 20, 2013): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-281.v1.

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Positive identification of the nature of biological material present on evidentiary items can be crucial for understanding the circumstances surrounding a crime. However, traditional protein-based methods do not permit the identification of all body fluids and tissues, and thus molecular based strategies for the conclusive identification of all forensically relevant biological fluids and tissues need to be developed. Messenger RNA (mRNA) profiling is an example of such a molecular-based approach. Current mRNA body fluid identification assays involve capillary electrophoresis (CE) or quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) platforms, each with its own limitations. Both platforms require the use of expensive fluorescently labeled primers or probes. CE-based assays require separate amplification and detection steps thus increasing the analysis time. For qRT-PCR assays, only 3-4 markers can be included in a single reaction since each requires a different fluorescent dye.To simplify mRNA profiling assays, and reduce the time and cost of analysis, we have developed single- and multiplex body fluid High Resolution Melt (HRM) assays for the identification of common forensically relevant biological fluids and tissues. The incorporated biomarkers include IL19 (vaginal secretions), IL1F7 (skin), ALAS2 (blood), MMP10 (menstrual blood), HTN3 (saliva) and TGM4 (semen). The HRM assays require only unlabeled PCR primers and a single saturating intercalating fluorescent dye (Eva Green). Each body-fluid-specific marker can easily be identified by the presence of a distinct melt peak. Usually, HRM assays are used to detect variants or isoforms for a single gene target. However, we have uniquely developed duplex and triplex HRM assays to permit the simultaneous detection of multiple targets per reaction. Here we describe the development and initial performance evaluation of the developed HRM assays. The results demonstrate the potential use of HRM assays for rapid, and relatively inexpensive, screening of biological evidence.

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10

Hanson, Erin K., and Jack Ballantyne. "Rapid and inexpensive body fluid identification by RNA profiling-based multiplex High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis." F1000Research 2 (February 26, 2014): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-281.v2.

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Positive identification of the nature of biological material present on evidentiary items can be crucial for understanding the circumstances surrounding a crime. However, traditional protein-based methods do not permit the identification of all body fluids and tissues, and thus molecular based strategies for the conclusive identification of all forensically relevant biological fluids and tissues need to be developed. Messenger RNA (mRNA) profiling is an example of such a molecular-based approach. Current mRNA body fluid identification assays involve capillary electrophoresis (CE) or quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) platforms, each with its own limitations. Both platforms require the use of expensive fluorescently labeled primers or probes. CE-based assays require separate amplification and detection steps thus increasing the analysis time. For qRT-PCR assays, only 3-4 markers can be included in a single reaction since each requires a different fluorescent dye.To simplify mRNA profiling assays, and reduce the time and cost of analysis, we have developed single- and multiplex body fluid High Resolution Melt (HRM) assays for the identification of common forensically relevant biological fluids and tissues. The incorporated biomarkers include IL19 (vaginal secretions), IL1F7 (skin), ALAS2 (blood), MMP10 (menstrual blood), HTN3 (saliva) and TGM4 (semen). The HRM assays require only unlabeled PCR primers and a single saturating intercalating fluorescent dye (Eva Green). Each body-fluid-specific marker can easily be identified by the presence of a distinct melt peak. Usually, HRM assays are used to detect variants or isoforms for a single gene target. However, we have uniquely developed duplex and triplex HRM assays to permit the simultaneous detection of multiple targets per reaction. Here we describe the development and initial performance evaluation of the developed HRM assays. The results demonstrate the potential use of HRM assays for rapid, and relatively inexpensive, screening of biological evidence.

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11

Ullah, Malik Zaka. "Irreversibility Marangoni Tri-Hybrid Nanoflow Analysis for Thermal Enhancement Applications." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030423.

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Increasing heat transfer is an important part of industrial, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and biological sciences. The aim of this study is to increase the thermal competency of a conventional fluid by using a ternary hybrid nanofluid. A magnetic field and thermal radiation are used to further improve the thermal conductivity of the base fluid. Irreversibility is analyzed under the influence of the embedded parameters. The basic equations for the ternary hybrid nanofluids are transformed from Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) to Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) using the similarity concept. The Marangoni convection idea is used in the mathematical model for the temperature difference between the two media: the surface and fluid. The achieved results are provided and discussed. The results show that ternary hybrid nanofluids are more suitable as heat-transmitted conductors than conventional fluids.

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12

Vilfan, Mojca, Gašper Kokot, Andrej Vilfan, Natan Osterman, Blaž Kavčič, Igor Poberaj, and Dušan Babič. "Analysis of fluid flow around a beating artificial cilium." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 3 (February 24, 2012): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.3.16.

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Biological cilia are found on surfaces of some microorganisms and on surfaces of many eukaryotic cells where they interact with the surrounding fluid. The periodic beating of the cilia is asymmetric, resulting in directed swimming of unicellular organisms or in generation of a fluid flow above a ciliated surface in multicellular ones. Following the biological example, externally driven artificial cilia have recently been successfully implemented as micropumps and mixers. However, biomimetic systems are useful not only in microfluidic applications, but can also serve as model systems for the study of fundamental hydrodynamic phenomena in biological samples. To gain insight into the basic principles governing propulsion and fluid pumping on a micron level, we investigated hydrodynamics around one beating artificial cilium. The cilium was composed of superparamagnetic particles and driven along a tilted cone by a varying external magnetic field. Nonmagnetic tracer particles were used for monitoring the fluid flow generated by the cilium. The average flow velocity in the pumping direction was obtained as a function of different parameters, such as the rotation frequency, the asymmetry of the beat pattern, and the cilium length. We also calculated the velocity field around the beating cilium by using the analytical far-field expansion. The measured average flow velocity and the theoretical prediction show an excellent agreement.

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13

Akbar, Noreen Sher. "Biological Analysis of Nano Prandtl Fluid Model in a Diverging Tube." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2015.3705.

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14

Mukerjee, E. V., S. D. Collins, R. R. Isseroff, and R. L. Smith. "Microneedle array for transdermal biological fluid extraction and in situ analysis." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 114, no. 2-3 (September 2004): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2003.11.008.

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15

KOMIYAMA, Yutaka, Noriko NISHIMURA, Xian Hui DONG, Shinji HIROSE, Chiya KOSAKA, Hiroya MASAKI, Midori MASUDA, and Hakuo TAKAHASHI. "Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Ouabainlike Factor in Biological Fluid." Hypertension Research 23, Supplement (2000): S21—S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1291/hypres.23.supplement_s21.

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16

Swain, Michael V. "ROLE OF FLUID ON THE CONTACT DEFORMATION RESPONSE OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 27 (June 11, 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2020.27.0022.

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This paper will focus on the role of fluids on the indentation deformation response of tooth and eye tissues. All natural biological materials contain fluid and function in a fluidic environment, which plays a critical role in responding to loading events as well as tissue nutrition. The location of this fluid varies and is considered as both bound and mobile with much of it located in cell compartments that are also able to respond directly to loading. The extent of the fluid content varies from less than 10 % in the case of the highly mineralised enamel to more than 80 % in the case of soft eye tissues. The role of the fluid and its response during loading is also complicated by the hierarchical structure of biological tissues, be they mineralised or not. The mechanisms by which the presence of fluid in these materials influences the mechanical response is still poorly understood and has not been systematically investigated. The present paper presents data generated over many years on both the above biological tissues and attempts to present indications as to the mechanism(s) by which the presence of fluid contributes to the deformation. The situation associated with contact loading with the presence of mobile fluid in the tissues results in a more complex situation than the classic elastic-plastic contact situation, but the latter still forms the basis for much of the analysis of instrumented indentation force-displacement load-unloading curves using various shapes of indenters, especially for mineralised structures. In the case of soft tissues the absence of agreed protocols for interpretation of force-displacement-time responses is restricting clinical/biological applications.

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17

Savoia, P., P. Quaglino, S. Osella-Abate, A. Comessatti, T. Nardò, and M. G. Bernengo. "Tyrosinase mRNA RT-PCR Analysis as an Additional Diagnostic Tool for the Identification of Melanoma Cells in Biological Fluid Samples other than Blood: A Preliminary Report." International Journal of Biological Markers 20, no. 1 (January 2005): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460080502000103.

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Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of tyrosinase mRNA has been applied for the detection of melanoma cells in the peripheral blood, lymph nodes and bone marrow of melanoma patients. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of RT-PCR in comparison to standard cytology and immunocytochemistry (ICC) for the identification of melanoma cells in biological fluids other than blood. Tyrosinase expression was evaluated together with standard cytology and ICC (anti-S100, HMB-45 and Melan-A antibodies) in biological fluid samples collected from 17 melanoma patients according to the site of metastatic involvement or clinical suspicion (eight cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples; three pleural effusions; four ascites; one bile sample, one pericardial effusion); 17 samples collected from patients with non-melanoma metastatic cancer were used as controls. Tyrosinase expression in the biological fluid sample was compared with the expression determined at the same time in peripheral blood. Positive tyrosinase expression was found in 12/17 melanoma and 3/17 non-melanoma cancer patients. Cytology/ICC showed the presence of neoplastic cells in only 7/12 melanoma samples with positive tyrosinase expression: radiological evidence of disease involvement was found in all these patients (three meningeal, two pleural, two peritoneal). Clear-cut radiological evidence of disease involvement at the sampling site was found in the five patients with negative cytology/ICC and positive RT-PCR (one CSF; four serous membrane effusions); all patients died of disease progression within four months of sampling. The five patients who were negative for both cytology/ICC and RT-PCR did not show any clinical evidence of disease recurrence at the sampling site. Only five of the 12 metastatic patients with positive tyrosinase expression in biological fluid showed positivity for tyrosinase in the peripheral blood. These preliminary results suggest that the analysis of biological fluids other than blood could be considered as a new potential clinical field of application for the tyrosinase mRNA assay.

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18

Livramento, Jose Antonio, and Luis dos Ramos Machado. "The history of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in Brazil." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 71, no. 9B (September 2013): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20130143.

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Analysis on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neurological diagnosis has always been considered to be a strong point among the main complementary examinations in Brazil. The present paper reviews the main events in the history of CSF in the neurological sciences, with emphasis on the founders of several CSF schools in our country from the beginning of the 20th century to the present time.

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19

Gómez, J. R., J. P. Escandón, C. G. Hernández, R. O. Vargas, and D. A. Torres. "Multilayer analysis of immiscible power-law fluids under magnetohydrodynamic and pressure-driven effects in a microchannel." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (November 18, 2021): 125028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac37a0.

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Abstract In the present study, the combined magnetohydrodynamic and pressure-driven flow of multilayer immiscible fluids into a parallel flat plate microchannel is semi-analytically solved. Due to the handling of complex fluids in various microfluidic platform applications, the fluid transport reviewed here considers the power-law model. The movement of electrically conductive fluid layers is due to Lorentz forces that arise from the interaction between an electric current and a magnetic field. To find a solution for the flow field, the momentum equation and the rheological model for each fluid layer, together with the corresponding boundary conditions at the liquid-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces, are solved simultaneously through a closed system of nonlinear equations. The graphical results show the influence of the dimensionless parameters that arise from the mathematical modeling on the velocity profiles and flow rate. These are the magnetic parameters, the fluid layers thickness, the viscosity coefficients, the ratios between pressure forces and magnetic forces, and the flow behavior indexes. This theoretical work contributes to the design of microfluidic devices for flow-focusing tasks in chemical, clinical, and biological areas.

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20

Venuti, S. Minerva. "Modeling, Analysis and Computation of Fluid Structure Interaction Models for Biological Systems." SIAM Undergraduate Research Online 3 (2010): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/09s010496.

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21

Campbell, J., N. A. Sopko, U. Milenkovic, C. C. Talbot, M. Zahalsky, G. Dessources, M. Albersen, and T. J. Bivalacqua. "083 Critical Analysis of Human Amniotic Fluid as a Novel Biological Therapy." Journal of Sexual Medicine 16, no. 4 (April 2019): S43—S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.094.

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22

Aguadero, Vicente, Ruth Cano-Corres, Eugenio Berlanga, and Montserrat Torra. "Evaluation of biological fluid analysis using the sysmex XN automatic hematology analyzer." Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry 94, no. 5 (August 31, 2017): 836–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.b.21587.

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23

Goodman, H. O., and Z. K. Shihabi. "Automated analysis for taurine in biological fluids and tissues." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 835–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.6.835.

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Abstract We have developed an automated method of analysis for taurine, based on incorporating an ion-exchange chromatography column into the continuous-flow AutoAnalyzer (Technicon). After removal of proteins and peptides by dialysis, taurine is selectively eluted from an ion-exchange column and reacted with o-phthaldialdehyde to yield a fluorescent compound. The advantages of this method are: full automation with no need for sample deproteinization or cleanup; sensitivity, detecting as little as 5 mumol/L; speed (20 samples per hour); and flexibility. It can be used for assaying taurine in urine, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue homogenates. This method can be adapted for assays of other metabolites.

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Krasheninnikov, V. R., O. E. Malenova, and A. S. Yashina. "ALGORITHMS OF CRESCENT STRUCTURE DETECTION IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL FLUID FACIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W4 (May 10, 2017): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w4-169-2017.

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One of the effective methods of early medical diagnosis is based on the image analysis of human biological fluids. In the process of fluid crystallization there appear characteristic patterns (markers) in the resulting layer (facies). Each marker is a highly probable sign of some pathology even at an early stage of a disease development. When mass health examination is carried out, it is necessary to analyze a large number of images. That is why, the problem of algorithm and software development for automated processing of images is rather urgent nowadays. This paper presents algorithms to detect a crescent structures in images of blood serum and cervical mucus facies. Such a marker indicates the symptoms of ischemic disease. The algorithm presented detects this marker with high probability when the probability of false alarm is low.

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25

Mitronin, A. V., O. A. Khvorostenko, D. A. Ostanina, and Yu A. Mitronin. "Salivary biomarkers and proteomics: future diagnostic and clinical utilities." Endodontics Today 19, no. 3 (October 16, 2021): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36377/1683-2981-2021-19-3-171-174.

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The search for new, fast and non-invasive methods of diagnosing diseases of both the oral cavity and general diseases of various etiologies and their introduction into practical health care is still a priority in the field of medicine. Among the known methods of analysis of biological fluids, a special place is occupied by the study of saliva. Oral fluid analysis has a high potential in screening for various diseases, since it contains a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds. A significant number of works have been devoted to the study of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the oral fluid, as well as to the study of saliva biomarkers, however, the study of the saliva proteome is at the stage of data accumulation. The lack of standardization in the collection of samples and methods of analysis, as well as poorly studied physiological and biochemical parameters of the oral fluid, hinders the introduction of advances in the study of the saliva proteome into diagnostic practice. The solution of these problems will allow the oral fluid to be used as a biological environment for both detecting diseases and predicting their course.

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26

Alley, Earl G., and Guozhen Lu. "Analysis of Polychlonnated Biphenyls in Fatty Biological Matrixes by On-Line Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Supercritical Fluid Cleanup." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 4 (July 1, 1995): 1051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.4.1051.

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Abstract We present a method that combines the extraction of polychlonnated biphenyls (PCBs) and their separation from relatively large quantities of fat in biological matrixes by combined supercritical fluid extraction and separation. Cyano-functionalized silica gel, silica gel, aluminum oxide, Florisil, 3-aminopropyl- functionalized silica gel, and octadecyl-functionalized silica gel were tested for suitability as chromatographic media for separation of PCBs from lipids. Silica gel, 3-aminopropyl-functionalized silica gel, and Florisil adequately separated PCBs from lipids when eluted with supercritical CO2. Florisil allowed both the extraction of PCBs and their separation from lipids in PCB-spiked chicken egg and fish. Two grams of sample containing PCBs at 0.125 μg/g was sufficient for subsequent separations and the low-level analysis required for the more toxic PCB components.

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27

Cornick, Jorge, Thomas L. Cox, and Brian W. Gould. "Fluid Milk Purchases: A Multivariate Tobit Analysis." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 76, no. 1 (February 1994): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1243922.

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28

Wenbin, Li, and Li Zengbo. "Biological Stability and Antimicrobial Activity Analysis of Antagonism Actinomycete SC-04 Fermentation Fluid." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 1 (March 25, 2016): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/320112.

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29

Wang, Linna, Gerard Dalglish, Zheng Ouyang, Donata Gloria David-Brown, Camelia Chiriac, Jia Duo, Alexander Kozhich, Qin C. Ji, and Jon E. Peterson. "Integration of Acoustic Liquid Handling into Quantitative Analysis of Biological Matrix Samples." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 25, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472630320915844.

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Acoustic liquid handlers deliver small volumes (nL-µL) of multiple fluid types with accuracy and dynamic viscosity profiling. They are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry with applications extending from high-throughput screening in compound management to gene expression sequencing, genomic and epigenetic assays, and cell-based assays. The capability of the Echo to transfer small volumes of multiple types of fluids could benefit bioanalysis assays by minimization of sample volume and by simplifying dilution procedures by direct dilution. In this study, we evaluated the Labcyte Echo 525 liquid handler for its ability to deliver small volumes of sample preparations in biological matrix (plasma and serum) and to assess the feasibility of integration of the Echo with three types of bioanalytical assay platforms: microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Gyrolab immunoassay, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated acceptable consistency of dispensed plasma samples from multiple lots and species by the Echo. Equivalent assay performance demonstrated between the Echo and manual liquid procedures indicated great potential for the integration of the Echo with the bioanalytical assay, which allows the successful implementation of microsampling strategies in drug discovery and development.

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Matas, Sandro Luiz de Andrade, Felipe von Glehn, Gustavo Bruniera Peres Fernandes, and Carlos Augusto Senne Soares. "Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the context of CNS demyelinating diseases." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 71, no. 9B (September 2013): 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20130151.

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The central nervous system demyelinating diseases are a group of disorders with different etiologies, characterized by inflammatory lesions that are associated with loss of myelin and eventually axonal damage. In this group the most studied ones are multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optic (NMO) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). The cerebrospinal fluid is essential to differentiate between these different syndromes and to define multiple sclerosis, helping to assess the probability of Clinical Isolated Syndrome turn into multiple sclerosis.

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Kulcenty, Piotrowski, Rucinski, Wroblewska, Jopek, Murawa, and Suchorska. "Surgical Wound Fluids from Patients with Breast Cancer Reveal Similarities in the Biological Response Induced by Intraoperative Radiation Therapy and the Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect—Transcriptomic Approach." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031159.

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In patients with breast cancer who undergo breast-conserving surgery (BCS), more than 90% of local recurrences occur in the same quadrant as the primary cancer. Surgical wound fluids (SWF) are believed to play a role in this process by inducing an inflammatory process in the scar tissue area. Despite strong clinical data demonstrating the benefits of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), the biological basis underlying this process remains poorly understood. Ionizing radiation (IR) directly affects cells by damaging DNA, thereby altering the cell phenotype. IR directly affects cancer cells and also influences unirradiated cells located nearby, a phenomenon known as the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE), significantly modifying the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that SWF obtained from patients after BCS and IORT would induce a radiobiological response (due to RIBE) in unirradiated cells, thereby modifying their phenotype. To confirm this hypothesis, breast cancer cells were incubated with SWF collected from patients after BCS: (1) without IORT (wound fluid (WF) group), (2) with IORT (radiotherapy wound fluid (RT-WF) group), and (3) WF with conditioned medium from irradiated cells (WF+RIBE group) and then subjected to microarray analysis. We performed gene set enrichment analysis to determine the biological processes present in these cells. This analysis showed that the RT-WF and WF+RIBE groups shared common biological processes, including the enhancement of processes involved in cell-cycle regulation, DNA repair, and oxidative phosphorylation. The WF group was characterized by overrepresentation of pathways involved in the INF-α and INF-γ response, inflammatory response, and the IL6 JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings show that MDA-MB-468 cells stimulated with surgical wound fluids obtained from patients who underwent BCS plus IORT and from cells stimulated with SWF plus RIBE share common biological processes. This confirms the role of the radiation-induced bystander effect in altering the biological properties of wound fluids.

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32

Piho, Paul, and Jane Hillston. "Fluid Approximation–based Analysis for Mode-switching Population Dynamics." ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation 31, no. 2 (April 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3441680.

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Fluid approximation results provide powerful methods for scalable analysis of models of population dynamics with large numbers of discrete states and have seen wide-ranging applications in modelling biological and computer-based systems and model checking. However, the applicability of these methods relies on assumptions that are not easily met in a number of modelling scenarios. This article focuses on one particular class of scenarios in which rapid information propagation in the system is considered. In particular, we study the case where changes in population dynamics are induced by information about the environment being communicated between components of the population via broadcast communication. We see how existing hybrid fluid limit results, resulting in piecewise deterministic Markov processes, can be adapted to such models. Finally, we propose heuristic constructions for extracting the mean behaviour from the resulting approximations without the need to simulate individual trajectories.

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33

Wilding, P., J. Pfahler, H. H. Bau, J. N. Zemel, and L. J. Kricka. "Manipulation and flow of biological fluids in straight channels micromachined in silicon." Clinical Chemistry 40, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.1.43.

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Abstract Analysis of minute sample volumes is a major analytical challenge that requires an understanding of fluid flow in microstructures. Accordingly, flow dynamics of biological fluids and cell suspensions in straight glass-capped silicon microchannels (40 to 150 microns wide, 20 and 40 microns deep) were studied. We demonstrated that these microstructures are appropriate components for microfluidic analytical devices. Different fluids were easily manipulated in the microchannels, and measurements of flow rate as a function of pressure for whole human blood, serum, plasma, and cell suspensions revealed non-Newtonian behavior. By means of micromachined filters (5 microns) located in channels, blood cells and microparticles were effectively separated from nanoliter-sized samples, clearly indicating the future role of microstructures for a variety of analytical purposes.

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34

Reece, Amy E., Kaja Kaastrup, Hadley D. Sikes, and John Oakey. "Staged inertial microfluidic focusing for complex fluid enrichment." RSC Advances 5, no. 66 (2015): 53857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra10634f.

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A staged microfluidic inertial focusing device capable of high-yield, high-throughput complex fluid enrichment has been developed for integrated microfluidic cellular assays and biological micro total analysis systems.

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35

NADEEM, S., and SHAGUFTA IJAZ. "MECHANICS OF BIOLOGICAL BLOOD FLOW ANALYSIS THROUGH CURVED ARTERY WITH STENOSIS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 16, no. 03 (May 2016): 1650024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021951941650024x.

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The viscous fluid model is considered in this article for the study of blood flow through an axis-symmetric stenosis with the effect of three distinct types of arteries i.e., diverging tapering arteries, converging tapering arteries and nontapered arteries. The Cauchy–Euler method has been used for the solution to velocity profile, resistance impedance to flow and the pressure gradient. The characteristics of viscous blood flow on velocity profile, impedance resistance to flow and pressure gradient have been discussed by plotting the graphs of various flow parameters and finally it is found that stenosis dominantes the curvature of curved artery.

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36

LIN, M., Z. Y. LUO, B. F. BAI, F. XU, and T. J. LU. "FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF SHEAR STRESS ON NERVE ENDINGS IN DENTINAL MICROTUBULE: A QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY FOR DENTAL PAIN." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 11, no. 01 (March 2011): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519411003983.

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Noxious thermal and/or mechanical stimuli applied to dentine can cause fluid flow in dentinal microtubules (DMTs). The fluid flow induces shear stress (SS) on intradental nerve endings and may excite pulpal mechanoreceptors to generate dental pain sensation. There exist numerous studies on dental thermal pain, but few are mathematical. For this, we developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of dentinal fluid flow (DFF) in innervated DMTs. Based on this model, we systematically investigated the effects of various parameters (e.g., biological structure, DFF velocity, and fluid properties) on the SS experienced by intradental nerve endings and thus provide a quantitative interpretation to the hydrodynamic theory. The dimensions of biological structures, odontoblastic process (OP) movement, dentinal fluid velocity, and viscosity were found to have significant influences on the SS while dentinal fluid density showed negligible influence under conditions studied. The results indicate that: (i) dental pain study of animal models may not be directly applied to human being and the results may even vary from one person to another and (ii) OP movement caused by DFF changes the dimension of the space for the fluid flow, affecting thus the SS on nerve endings. The present work enables better understanding of the mechanisms underlying dental pain sensation and quantification of dental pain intensity resulted from clinical procedures such as dentine sensitivity testing and dental restorative processes.

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Shepard, Robin N., Jody Schock, Kevin Robertson, Diane C. Shugars, John Dyer, Pietro Vernazza, Colin Hall, Myron S. Cohen, and Susan A. Fiscus. "Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Different Biological Compartments." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 4 (2000): 1414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.4.1414-1418.2000.

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Little information is available describing viral loads in body fluids other than blood. In addition, the suitability of commercially available assays for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA quantitation has not been evaluated in most nonblood fluids. We compared Organon Teknika's nucleic acid sequence-based amplification method (NASBA) and Roche's Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor (reverse transcriptase PCR [RT-PCR]) for quantitating HIV-1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, breast milk, seminal plasma, and cervical-vaginal lavage fluid (CVL). Saliva and breast milk frequently demonstrated some inhibition in the RT-PCR assay, similar to the inhibition previously described in seminal plasma. Inhibition of the RT-PCR assay was not observed with CSF or CVL, nor in any of the NASBA assays. When fluids from HIV-infected individuals were tested by RT-PCR and NASBA, 73 and 27% of CSF samples and 60 and 40% of breast milk specimens had detectable RNA, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. In cross-sectional studies using RT-PCR to measure viral RNA in paired blood plasma and CSF samples, 71% of blood plasma samples and 42% of CSF samples were positive. A similar analysis using NASBA with paired blood plasma and CVL, saliva, or seminal plasma samples revealed 91% were blood plasma positive and 55% were CVL positive, 76% were blood plasma positive and 46% were saliva positive, and 83% were blood plasma positive and 63% were seminal plasma positive. NASBA worked fairly well to quantitate HIV-1 RNA from all fluids without apparent inhibition. RT-PCR performed well on CVL and CSF, frequently with greater sensitivity, although its use in other fluids appears limited due to the presence of inhibitors. These studies demonstrate that viral loads in nonblood fluids were generally lower than in blood.

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Elliott, S. P. "A case of fatal poisoning with the aconite plant: quantitative analysis in biological fluid." Science & Justice 42, no. 2 (April 2002): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1355-0306(02)71807-8.

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39

Muller, P. Robinson, Tae Jin Lee, Wenbo Zhi, Sandeep Kumar, Sagar Vyavahare, Ashok Sharma, Vikas Kumar, Carlos M. Isales, Monte Hunter, and Sadanand Fulzele. "Proteomic Analysis of Female Synovial Fluid to Identify Novel Biomarkers for Osteoarthritis." Life 13, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13030605.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent degenerative joint condition that disproportionately affects females. The pathophysiology of the disease is not well understood, which makes diagnosis and treatment difficult. Given the physical connection of synovial fluid (SF) with articular tissues, the SF’s composition can reflect relevant biological modifications, and has therefore been a focus of research. Previously, we demonstrated that extracellular vesicles isolated from the synovial fluid of OA patients carry different cargo (protein and miRNA) in a sex-specific manner. Given the increased prevalence and severity of OA in females, this study aims to identify differential protein content within the synovial fluid of female OA and non-osteoarthritic (non-OA) patients. We found that several proteins were differentially expressed in osteoarthritic females compared with age-matched controls. Presenilin, Coagulation Factor X, Lysine-Specific Demethylase 2B, Tenascin C, Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing Protein 17 fragments, and T-Complex Protein 1 were negatively regulated in the OA group, with PGD Synthase, Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Antigen, and Nuclear Receptor Binding SET Domain Protein 1 positively regulated in the OA group. Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and QuickGO analyses established these proteins as significantly involved in many biological, cellular, and molecular processes. In conclusion, the protein content of female synovial fluid is altered in OA patients, which is likely to provide insights into gender-specific pathophysiology.

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40

Borůvková, K., T. Bakalova, L. Voleský, and P. Louda. "The Influence of Nanoadditives on the Biological Properties and Chemical Composition of Process Fluids." Advances in Materials Science 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2015-0023.

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Abstract In this study process fluids were tested after the addition of nanoparticles. Cooling and lubricating process fluids are used in machining to reduce wear on tools, to increase machine performance and to improve product quality. The use of process fluids leads to their pollution and contamination. Nanoparticles were added to the process fluids in order to increase their antibacterial activity. The selected nanoparticles were nanoparticles of metallic silver. The process fluids were modified by the addition of silver nitrate and ascorbic acid. Reduction of silver nanoparticles in the volume of the fluid was achieved using UV. The modified fluids were tested for their cytotoxicity and changes in chemical composition. The cytotoxicity of process fluids was tested for the purpose of verifying whether the process fluids, which are in direct contact with the skin of the operator, affect the health of the operator. The cytotoxicity of the process fluids was tested on human fibroblast cells. Fibroblasts are the basic cells of fibrous tissue. The cytotoxicity was tested by measuring the cell viability and using XTT. Analysis of chemical composition was performed for the purpose of determining the individual substances in the process fluids and their chemical stability. Qualitative analysis of the process fluids was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC - MS).

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41

Sereno, Denis, Mohammad Akhoundi, Kourosh Sayehmri, Asad Mirzaei, Philippe Holzmuller, Veerle Lejon, and Etienne Waleckx. "Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (February 29, 2020): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051684.

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Unicellular eukaryotes of the Trypanosomatidae family include human and animal pathogens that belong to the Trypanosoma and Leishmania genera. Diagnosis of the diseases they cause requires the sampling of body fluids (e.g., blood, lymph, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid) or organ biopsies (e.g., bone marrow, spleen), which are mostly obtained through invasive methods. Body fluids or appendages can be alternatives to these invasive biopsies but appropriateness remains poorly studied. To further address this question, we perform a systematic review on clues evidencing the presence of parasites, genetic material, antibodies, and antigens in body secretions, appendages, or the organs or proximal tissues that produce these materials. Paper selection was based on searches in PubMed, Web of Science, WorldWideScience, SciELO, Embase, and Google. The information of each selected article (n = 333) was classified into different sections and data were extracted from 77 papers. The presence of Trypanosomatidae parasites has been tracked in most of organs or proximal tissues that produce body secretions or appendages, in naturally or experimentally infected hosts. The meta-analysis highlights the paucity of studies on human African trypanosomiasis and an absence on animal trypanosomiasis. Among the collected data high heterogeneity in terms of the I2 statistic (100%) is recorded. A high positivity is recorded for antibody and genetic material detection in urine of patients and dogs suffering leishmaniasis, and of antigens for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Data on conjunctival swabs can be analyzed with molecular methods solely for dogs suffering canine visceral leishmaniasis. Saliva and hair/bristles showed a pretty good positivity that support their potential to be used for leishmaniasis diagnosis. In conclusion, our study pinpoints significant gaps that need to be filled in order to properly address the interest of body secretion and hair or bristles for the diagnosis of infections caused by Leishmania and by other Trypanosomatidae parasites.

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42

Boiko, Yuliia Igorivna, Vasyl Deoniziiovych Moskaliuk, Yurii Olexandrovich Randuk, Iryna Volodymyrivna Balaniuk, Ivanna Vasylivna Rudan, Tetiana Romanivna Kolotylo, and Svitlana Romanivna Melenko. "The capacity of HIV in the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid depending on antiretroviral drugs." Journal of Medicine and Life 15, no. 5 (May 2022): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2021-0333.

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This study aimed to determine the capacity of HIV in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients, depending on the reception of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Paired blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples were examined in 116 HIV-infected patients to determine the level of viral load in both biological fluids and the number of blood CD4+ lymphocytes. In patients receiving ART, the difference between the load of HIV in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was significantly smaller than in untreated patients. Taking ART reduces the amount of HIV in the blood and CSF, but the dynamics of virus suppression in these biological fluids differ. The analysis revealed a statistically significant inverse relationship between the load of HIV in the blood and the number of CD4+ lymphocytes in untreated patients. There is a clear moderate positive correlation between the level of viremia and the clinical stage of HIV infection, as well as the duration of the disease. The number of CD4+ lymphocytes was expected to be inversely weakly correlated with the clinical stage of HIV infection and its duration. Accordingly, a direct correlation of mean strength was found between the levels of viral load in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. There was a significant increase in the difference between the levels of HIV load in the blood and CSF compared with the average value in 25.6% of patients.

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43

Geryk, R., M. Švidrnoch, A. Přibylka, K. Kalíková, V. Maier, and E. Tesařová. "A supercritical fluid chromatography method for the systematic toxicology analysis of cannabinoids and their metabolites." Analytical Methods 7, no. 15 (2015): 6056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay01107h.

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44

Zeeshan, Ahmed, Nouman Ijaz, and Muhammad Mubashir Bhatti. "Flow analysis of particulate suspension on an asymmetric peristaltic motion in a curved configuration with heat and mass transfer." Mechanics & Industry 19, no. 4 (2018): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2018022.

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This article addresses the influence of particulate-fluid suspension on asymmetric peristaltic motion through a curved configuration with mass and heat transfer. A motivation for the current study is that such kind of theory is helpful to examine the two-phase peristaltic motion between small muscles during the propagation of different biological fluids. Moreover, it is also essential in multiple applications of pumping fluid-solid mixtures by peristalsis, i.e., Chyme in small intestine and suspension of blood in arteriole. Long wavelength, as well as small Reynolds number, have been utilized to render the governing equations for particle and fluid phase. Exact solutions are presented for velocity (uf,p), temperature (θf,p) and concentration distributions (φf,p). All the parameters such as Prandtl number (Pr), particle volume fraction (C), suspension parameter (M1), curvature parameter (k), volumetric flow rate (Q), Schmidt number (Sc), phase difference (φ), Eckert number (Ec), and Soret number (Sr) discussed graphically for peristaltic pumping (Δp), pressure gradient (dp/dx), velocity (uf,p), temperature (θf,p) and concentration distributions (φf,p). The streamlines are also plotted with the aid of contour.

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45

Suarez Mora, Adria, Mary Strange, Yusi Fang, Ibrahim Uygun, Lixin Zhang, George C. Tseng, Pawel Kalinski, Robert P. Edwards, and Anda M. Vlad. "Longitudinal Modulation of Loco-Regional Immunity in Ovarian Cancer Patients Receiving Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy." Cancers 14, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 5647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225647.

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The immune tumor microenvironment (TME) of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) carries both effector and suppressive functions. To define immune correlates of chemotherapy-induced tumor involution, we performed longitudinal evaluation of biomarker expression on serial biological specimens collected during intraperitoneal (IP) platinum-based chemotherapy. Serial biological samples were collected at several time points during IP chemotherapy. RNA from IP fluid cells and tumor tissue was analyzed via NanoString. Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) multiplex assay and ELISA for MUC1 antibodies were performed on plasma and IP fluid. Differentially expressed genes in IP fluid demonstrate an upregulation of B cell function and activation of Th2 immune response along with dampening of Th1 immunity during chemotherapy. MSD analysis of IP fluid and gene expression analysis of tumor tissue revealed activation of Th2 immunity and the complement system. Anti-MUC1 antibodies were detected in IP fluid samples. IP fluid analysis in a secondary cohort also identified chemotherapy-induced B cell function genes. This study shows that serial IP fluid sampling is an effective method to capture changes in the immune TME during chemotherapy and reveals treatment induced changes in B cell function and Th2 immunity.

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46

Bogen, D. K. "Strain Energy Descriptions of Biological Swelling I: Single Fluid Compartment Models." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 109, no. 3 (August 1, 1987): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3138677.

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Strain energy functions are derived from biphasic soft tissue models in order to describe large-deformation, large-swelling, elastic behavior of nonlinear materials. The resulting analysis leads to calculations of stress-extension relations and tissue fluid pressure. Also explored are the elastic stability of the biphasic tissue models and the manner in which tissue pressure is altered by material deformation.

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PUCCIONI-SOHLER, MARZIA, FABIOLA PASSER, CRISTIANE OLIVEIRA, CARLOS OTÁVIO BRANDÃO, and REGINA PAPAIZ-ALVARENGA. "Multiple sclerosis in Brazil: analysis of cerebrospinal fluid by standard methods." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 57, no. 4 (December 1999): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1999000600005.

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The demonstration of intrathecal IgG synthesis has been used as an important laboratory parameter to support the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis(MS). The Committee for European Concerted Action for Multiple Sclerosis has recommended a protocol for the assessment of intrathecal IgG synthesis. We applied this methodology to determine the cerebrospinal (CSF) profile of 128 Brazilian patients with MS. We detected hypercytosis lower than 35 cells/mm3 in 97%, protein lower than 80mg/dl in 99%, normal blood-CSF barrier function in 76%, increased IgG local production around 53% and oligoclonal IgG bands by isoelectric focusing in 85% of the definite MS patients. The diagnostic accuracy of the quantitative analysis was lower than the qualitative. The detection of oligoclonal bands was especially important in the cases of normal quantitative assays of IgG. In addition, we found a lower frequency of inflammatory reaction in CSF in our MS cases, in comparison to some European studies.

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48

Soares, Cristiane Nascimento. "Neurological manifestations of dengue infection: clinical characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid analysis." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 63, no. 3b (September 2005): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2005000500040.

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49

Reynaud, K., V. Labas, G. Harichaux, S. Thoumire, M. Z. Tahir, S. Chastant-Maillard, and M. Saint-Dizier. "69 DIFFERENTIAL AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DOG OVIDUCTAL FLUID." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab69.

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The major reproductive peculiarity of the bitch is that ovulation releases prophase I (germinal vesicle, GV, immature) oocytes. Resumption of meiotic maturation, as well as fertilisation and embryonic development to the morula stage occur in the oviduct. Because the dog is a biomedical model for human diseases and also a model for endangered canid species, the development of assisted reproduction techniques would be of great interest. To date, in vitro-produced canine embryos remain exceptional and no puppy has been born. The main limiting factors of in vitro embryo production are the low oocyte maturation rates, the poor oocyte quality and the high polyspermy. A better knowledge of the composition of oviductal fluid during the periovulatory period may help to mimic the in vivo conditions for in vitro oocyte culture and, thereafter, their fertilisation and embryonic development. The objective of this study was to analyse the oviductal fluid by a label-free quantitative proteomic workflow based on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) protein separation, nano-scale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) analysis and quantitative method using spectral counting. Ovarian cycles were followed by vaginal smears, ultrasonography and progesterone blood assays. Oviductal fluids were collected from 3 beagle bitches, after ovariectomies performed 3.5 days after ovulation. After dissection, the ampulla and isthmus were separated and flushed with 50 μL of PBS. Oviductal fluids were submitted to 1D SDS-PAGE and all bands were digested with trypsin. Peptide extracts were analysed on an Ettan multidimensional LC (MDLC) system coupled to a linear ion trap quadrupole (LTQ) mass spectrometer. After protein identification using Mascot server and with Swiss-Prot and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases, bioinformatic processing of data and statistic analysis (t-test with P < 0.05) were performed using the spectral counting quantitative module of the Scaffold software. Using this strategy, 427 proteins were qualitatively identified in canine oviductal fluid. Three proteins were specific of the ampulla, 10 specific of the isthmus and 414 were found in both oviductal parts. Among these common proteins, some were differentially expressed, from 1.25 to 9 times higher (HV303_Human, RLA2_Horse, SPRL1_Human, SODC_CANFA, PROF1_Human, ARF4_Bovin and TRXR1_Bovin). The gene ontology analysis displayed biological pathways specific to the biology of reproduction (6 proteins; RUVB1_Human, OVGP1_Pig, STAT3_Human, PLAK_Human, GPX3_Rat and DYL1_Human). These candidate proteins and especially oviduct-specific glycoprotein and glutathione peroxidase, will now be validated by immunodetection methods.

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Torres, D., and J. Escandón. "Transient analysis of combined electroosmotic and pressure driven flow with multi-layer immiscible fluids in a narrow capillary." Revista Mexicana de Física 66, no. 2 Mar-Apr (March 1, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.66.137.

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Because the development of techniques for pumping parallel flows in miniaturized systems are required, in the present investigation, a semi-analytical solution based in the matrix inverse method and by Laplace transform for the transient flow of multi-layer immiscible fluids in a narrow capillary, under electroosmotic and pressure driven effects, is obtained. The dimensionless mathematical model to solve the electric potential distribution and the velocity field in the start-up of flow, consist on the Poisson-Boltzmann and momentum equations, respectively. Here, the transported fluids are considered symmetrical electrolytes and because the interfaces between them are polarizable and impermeable to charged particles, interesting interfacial effects appear on the velocity profiles when an external electric field is applied. The results show graphically the influence of the different dimensionless parameters involved in the dynamics of the fluid flow. This study demonstrates that by considering electrical interfacial effects, produce velocity jumps at liquid-liquid interfaces, whose magnitude and direction depend on the concentration and polarity of electric charges in those regions; finally, it is observed that the time to reach the steady-state regime of the fluid flow is only controlled by the dimensionless viscosity ratios. This investigation is a theoretical contribution to simulate transient multi-layer fluid flows under electric interfacial effects, covering different implications that emerge in the design of small devices into the chemical, biological and clinical areas.

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