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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Biochemical studie"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Biochemical studie"

Sampels, Sabine, Jana Pickova, and Eva Wiklund. "Influence of production system, age an sex on carcass parameters and some biochemical meat quality characteristics of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.)." Rangifer 25, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.25.2.253.

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Carcass composition in reindeer is affected by feed intake and the age and sex of the animal. Studies have also shown that age, sex, carcass trim fat content and total intramuscular fat content (IMF) influence lipid class composition. The aim of this study was to compare lipid class composition and IMF in relation to carcass weight, conformation and trim fat content, and to investigate how these parameters are affected by age, sex and different feed sources. Five groups of reindeer were studied. Two groups of calves were fed two grain-based pelleted feeds with different lipid compositions for approximately two months before slaughter. One of these groups was fed with conventional pellets, and the other with pellets enriched with linseed cake to increase the amount of n-3 fatty acids in the diet. Three groups of grazing reindeer were also included in the study, consisting of adult males, adult females or calves. Reindeer calves fed pellets had higher slaughter weights, higher trim fat content and better carcass conformation scores compared to the grazing calves. However, there was no significant difference in IMF between pellet-fed and grazing calves. Adult female reindeer had the highest and grazing calves the lowest slaughter weights, trim fat and IMF. There was no difference in lipid class composition in meat from calves fed with the two pelleted feeds, whereas grazing calves had a higher amount of phospholipids. Squalene was identified and quantified as a component of intramuscular lipids in reindeer meat. Effekt av produktionssystem, ålder och kön på slaktkroppskvalitet och några biokemiska egenskaper hos renköttAbstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Slaktkroppssammansättningen hos renar påverkas av både foderintag, fodersammansättning och djurens ålder och kön. Tidigare har vi visat att renens kön, ålder, mängden intramuskulärt fett (IMF) och putsfett på slaktkroppen påverkar sammansättningen av lipidklasser. Syftet med denna studie var att jämföra lipidklassammansättningen och IMF i relation till slaktkroppens vikt, form och mängden putsfett och att undersöka hur dessa parametrar påverkas av renarnas kön, ålder och olika typer av foder (bete och pellets). Fem grupper renar ingick i studien (totalt 38 djur). Två grupper kalvar utfodrades med två sorters pellets med olika fettsammansättning under två månader före slakt. Den ena gruppen fick normala pellets (CPD) (Renfor Bas) medan den andra gruppen fick pellets som hade en tillsats av linfrökaka (LPD) för att öka mängden n-3 fettsyror i fodret. Dessutom ingick tre grupper betesdjur i studien: vajor, sarvar och kalvar. Utfodring med pellets gav slaktkroppar med bättre klassning, högre slaktvikter och mer putsfett jämfört med slaktkroppar från betande kalvar. Vajorna hade de högsta och betande kalvar de lägsta slaktvikterna, minst putsfett och lägst halt av IMF. Utfodringen med pellets gav ingen signifikant skillnad i IMF mellan betande och utfodrade renkalvar. Vi fann ingen skillnad i lipidklassammansättning mellan de två utfodrade kalvgrupperna, men köttet från de betande kalvarna hade en högre halt av fosfolipider. Vi kunde också identifiera och kvantifiera squalen som en komponent i intramuskulärt fett i renkött.

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Tinsley, R. C. "A new species of Xenopus (Anura: Pipidae) from the highlands of Ethiopia." Amphibia-Reptilia 16, no. 4 (1995): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853895x00451.

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AbstractA new species of African clawed toad is described from the Bale Mountains region in southern Ethiopia. A series of small field samples indicate a maximum body length for females of about 50 mm. The new species is a 3-clawed Xenopus, distinguished by a rounded snout with relatively small eyes, a dark brown dorsal colouration lacking large spots or patches (which are common elsewhere in the genus), the absence of both a subocular tentacle and a metatarsal tubercle, and a small number of lateral line plaques (18 or 19 transverse plaques between eye and vent). The new species occurs in a region noted for the high proportion of endemic taxa in its fauna and flora; it occurs sympatrically with the single previously-known Ethiopian Xenofius, X. clivii, at around 2600 m asl., but is easily distinguished from this 4-clawed species. The new species has a chromosome number of 2n = 36; a series of biochemical and genetic studie indicate that it is most closely related to X. laevis and X. gilli and that it is relatively distant from the three species which are its nearest geographical neighbours, X. clivii, X. borealis and X. muelleri.

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Chegel, V. I. "High-conductive nanostructures in biochemical studies: fluorescence enhan." Biotechnologia acta 8, no. 5 (2015): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech8.05.009.

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Mizokami, Masashi, Tomoyoshi Ohno, Ken-ichi Ohba, Gary L. Davis, Kaoru Suzuki, Etsuro Orito та Johnson YN Lau. "Interferon-α Therapy Exerts Selective Pressure on Hepatitis C Virus Quasispecies Equilibrium". Antiviral Therapy 4, № 1 (січень 1999): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965359900400102.

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Two patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2b infection were studied. They responded biochemically to interferon (IFN) but had early virological and later biochemical relapse. The HCV quasispecies equilibrium in these patients was studied by a combination of cloning, sequencing and construction of phylogenetic trees. Another patient with chronic HCV genotype 2b infection was followed every 6 months for 30 months (including one episode of biochemical exacerbation) to serve as the control. Quasispecies equilibrium drifted during IFN therapy but moved back in the direction of the original equilibrium during biochemical relapse. In the control patient, there was no significant drifting throughout the follow-up period. These data suggest that IFN therapy exerts selective pressure on HCV quasispecies equilibrium.

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Ashoush, Y. A. M., Hoda E. A. Farid, and S. M. El Said. "BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ALGAE." Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mjab.2018.175694.

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Critchfield, James W., Anthony J. Calandra, Anthony B. Nesburn, and M. Cristina Kenney. "Keratoconus: I. Biochemical studies." Experimental Eye Research 46, no. 6 (June 1988): 953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-4835(88)80047-2.

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ROTHSTEIN, MORTON. "Biochemical Studies of Aging." Chemical & Engineering News 64, no. 32 (August 11, 1986): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v064n032.p026.

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Prabhakaran, K. "Biochemical studies onMycobacterium leprae." Journal of Basic Microbiology 26, no. 2 (1986): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.3620260216.

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Trybus, Kathleen M. "Biochemical Studies of Myosin." Methods 22, no. 4 (December 2000): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/meth.2000.1085.

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Дисертації з теми "Biochemical studie"

Sims, Lynn. "Biochemical Studies of ABCE1." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5501.

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The growth and survival of all cells require functional ribosomes that are capable of protein synthesis. The disruption of the steps required for the function of ribosomes represents a potential future target for pharmacological anti-cancer therapy. ABCE1 is an essential Fe-S protein involved in ribosomal function and is vital for protein synthesis and cell survival. Thus, ABCE1 is potentially a great therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Previously, cell biological, genetic, and structural studies uncovered the general importance of ABCE1, although the exact function of the Fe-S clusters was previously unclear, only a simple structural role was suggested. Additionally, due to the essential nature of ABCE1, its function in ribosome biogenesis, ribosome recycling, and the presence of Fe-S within ABCE1, the protein has been hypothesized to be a target for oxidative degradation by ROS and critically impact cellular function. In an effort to better understand the function of ABCE1 and its associated Fe-S cofactors, the goal of this research was to achieve a better biochemical understanding of the Fe-S clusters of ABCE1. The kinetics of the ATPase activity for the Pyrococcus abyssi ABCE1 (PabABCE1) was studied using both apo- (without reconstituted Fe-S clusters) and holo- (with full complement of Fe-S clusters reconstituted post-purification) forms, and is shown to be jointly regulated by the status of Fe-S clusters and Mg2+. Typically, ATPases require Mg2+, as is true for PabABCE1, but Mg2+ also acts as a unusual negative allosteric effector that modulates ATP affinity of PabABCE1. Comparative kinetic analysis of Mg2+ inhibition shows differences in the degree of allosteric regulation between the apo- and holo-PabABCE1 where the apparent Km for ATP of apo-PabABCE1 increases >30 fold from ~30 [micro]M to over 1 mM when in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of Mg2+. This effect would significantly convert the ATPase activity of PabABCE1 from being independent of cellular energy charge to being dependent on energy charge with cellular [Mg2+]. The effect of ROS on the Fe-S clusters within ABCE1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by in vivo 55Fe labeling. A dose and time dependent depletion of ABCE1 bound 55Fe after exposure to H2O2 was discovered, suggesting the progressive degradation of Fe-S clusters under oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, our experiments show growth recovery, upon removal of the H2O2, reaching a growth rate close to that of untreated cells after ~8 hrs. Additionally, a corresponding increase (~88% recovery) in the ABCE1 bound 55Fe (Fe-S) was demonstrated. Observations presented in this work demonstrate that the majority of growth inhibition, induced by oxidative stress, can be explained by a comparable decrease in ABCE1 bound 55Fe and likely loss of ABCE1 activity that is necessary for normal ribosomal activity. The regulatory roles of the Fe-S clusters with ABCE1 provide the cell a way to modulate the activity of ABCE1 and effectively regulate translation based on both cellular energy charge and the redox state of the cell. Intricate overlapping effects by both [Mg2+] and the status of Fe-S clusters regulate ABCE1's ATPase activity and suggest a regulatory mechanism, where under oxidative stress conditions, the translational activity of ABCE1 can be inhibited by oxidative degradation of the Fe-S clusters. These findings uncover the regulatory function of the Fe-S clusters with ABCE1, providing important clues needed for the development of pharmacological agents toward ABCE1 targeted anti-cancer therapy.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Biology
Sciences
Biomedical Sciences

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Dillingham, Mark Simon. "Biochemical studies on DNA helicases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312245.

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Paternostro, Giovanni. "Biochemical studies of cardiac hypertrophy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337538.

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Stuart, E. "Biochemical studies on serotonin receptors." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372014.

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Zailaie, Abdo M. "Biochemical studies on human haemoglobin." Thesis, University of Salford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374518.

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Paton, F. M. "Biochemical studies of marine fungi." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382060.

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Yeates, Laura Catherine. "Biochemical studies of cytokinin sensitivity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627620.

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Zhang, Jing. "Biochemical studies on T5 exonuclease." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2639/.

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Lester, Jill. "Biochemical and crystallographic studies of proteins." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292313.

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Udell, M. N. "Biochemical studies on microbial secondary metabolites." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379013.

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Книги з теми "Biochemical studie"

Abdo, Mohammad Zailaie. Biochemical studies on human haemoglobin. Salford: University of Salford, 1986.

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Slight, Simon Howard. Biochemical studies on the mammalian lens. Salford: University of Salford, 1987.

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Rooij, Karin Else de. Huntington's disease: Molecular genetics and biochemical studies. Leiden: University of Leiden, 1998.

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1937-, Brash John L., Horbett Thomas A. 1943-, American Chemical Society. Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Proteins at interfaces: Physicochemical and biochemical studies. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987.

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Mountford, Joanne Claire. Biochemical studies of the regulation of myelopoiesis. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.

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Al-Massad, Fareeda Khalid Nasser. Comparative physicochemical & biochemical studies of ferritin & bacterioferritin. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1993.

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Connerton, Ian. Biochemical and molecular genetic studies on mitochondrial ATPase. [s.l.]: typescript, 1986.

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Kourtchenko, Olga. Biochemical studies of plant defense responses against pathogens. Göteborg: Göteborg University, Faculty of Science, 2008.

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Hill, James. Genetic manipulation and biochemical studies of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. [s.l.]: typescript, 1991.

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Power, Jonathan David. Biochemical and immunological studies of Strongyloides ratti (Nematoda: Rhabditoidea). Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, School of Biological Sciences, 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "Biochemical studie"

He, Miao, and K. Michael Gibson. "Biochemical Studies." In Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 439–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49410-3_37.

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Gibson, K. M., and C. Jakobs. "Biochemical Studies." In Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 263–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74723-9_28.

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Birmaher, Boris, Laurence L. Greenhill, and Michael Stanley. "Biochemical Studies of Suicide." In Application of Basic Neuroscience to Child Psychiatry, 313–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0525-5_20.

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Yuwiler, A., E. Geller, and E. Ritvo. "Biochemical Studies on Autism." In Pathological Neurochemistry, 671–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0797-7_25.

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Kety, Seymour S. "Biochemical Studies in Schizophrenia." In Research in the Schizophrenic Disorders, 157–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6338-5_5.

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Lee, Chi-Yu Gregory, Young S. Moon, Anthony Duleba, Albert F. Chen, James H. Yuan, and Victor Gomel. "Biochemical Studies of Gossypol." In Gossypol, 237–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2809-4_18.

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Ackenheil, M., M. Albus, B. Bondy, F. Müller-Spahn, U. Münch, and D. Naber. "Biochemical and Neuroendocrine Studies in Schizophrenics: Attempts to Characterize the Illness Biochemically." In Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses, 78–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69743-2_9.

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Albertsson, Per-Åke. "Interaction Between Biomolecules Studied by Phase Partition." In Methods of Biochemical Analysis, 1–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470110492.ch1.

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Schwartz, Morton K., and Oscar Bodansky. "Utilization of Automation for Studies of Enzyme Kinetics." In Methods of Biochemical Analysis, 183–218. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470110348.ch3.

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Bruce, Catherine R., Pieter van West, and Laura J. Grenville-Briggs. "Proteomic Studies of Plant-Pathogenic Oomycetes and Fungi." In Methods of Biochemical Analysis, 271–83. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471973165.ch16.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Biochemical studie"

Madhavan, Krishna, Walter Bonani, and Wei Tan. "Multilayer Hybrid Construct for Vascular Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53575.

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Vascular grafts are often used as blood vessel substitutes. Until now, synthetic materials have not matched the efficacy of native tissues, particularly in the applications of small-diameter vascular grafts (<6mm) such as bypass grafts for arthrosclerosis and vascular access graft for hemodialysis. There is a considerable need for alternatives to the autologous veins or arteries. Many patients do not have an autologous vessel suitable for use due to preexisting pathological conditions or previous surgical harvest. Recent developments in vascular tissue engineering demonstrate the possibility of a biodegradable graft material containing living cells to mimic the structure and function of native vessels. However, fabrication of biomimetic grafts is often time and labor intensive, and subsequently requires complicated storage. This demands technology advancements in producing vessel mimetic grafts, considering their availability in addition to efficacy. To this end, new approaches to constructing small-diameter grafts that are of immediate availability and capable of regenerating biomimetic blood vessels in vivo may address the unmet demand in this area. We have designed a novel multilayer vascular construct which is made up of a nanofibrous “intima-equivalent” with thrombus-resistant vessel lumen and a porous biopolymer matrix as “media-equivalent” to allow smooth muscle cells (SMC) from native artery to grow and remodel the tissue. In this study, various layering strategies have been explored. To evaluate the resultant multilayer construct, structural, biochemical and biomechanical characterizations, as well as cell assays and short-term animal studie have been performed.

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Nelatury, Sudarshan R., and Mary C. Vagula. "Simulation studies in biochemical signaling and enzyme reactions." In SPIE Sensing Technology + Applications, edited by Šárka O. Southern, Mark A. Mentzer, Isaac Rodriguez-Chavez, and Virginia E. Wotring. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2053197.

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Enyedi, Kata Nóra, and Andrea Angelo Pierluigi Tripodi. "Biochemical-activity studies of NGR-peptide-drug conjugates for targeted tumourtherapy." In 35th European Peptide Symposium. Prompt Scientific Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17952/35eps.2018.315.

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Varrot, Annabelle, Jack Thompson, and Gideon J. Davies. "BIOCHEMICAL AND X-RAY STUDIES OF GLYCOSIDES HYDROLASES FROM FAMILY 4." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.768.

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Elder, Benjamin D., and Kyriacos A. Athanasiou. "Synergistic and Additive Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure and Growth Factor Application on Engineered Articular Cartilage Constructs." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192104.

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It has previously been demonstrated that hydrostatic pressure (HP) enhances the biochemical properties of self-assembled articular cartilage constructs [1]. However, studies that systematically assess the effects of HP magnitude and frequency are lacking. Additionally, studies examining the combined effects of hydrostatic pressure and growth factors are limited. To this end, this study sought to test the hypotheses that static HP will have the greatest enhancement of construct biomechanical and biochemical properties, and that there will be additive or synergistic effects when combining growth factors and HP stimulation.

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Zolotavina, M. L., and E. A. Gaidabura. "CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF IN-FLAMMATION IN COVID-19." In NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. Institute of information technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-2-1.137-142.

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The article is devoted to determining the correlation between the biochemical parameters of the blood serum of patients with COVID-19. Concentrations of the main biochemical markers of inflammation at different stages of lung tissue damage by a new coronavirus infection with further correlation analysis of blood parameters were determined. The experiment of the study showed that there is a high correlation between the biochemical parameters of blood. Its sig-nificance helps to determine the sequence of the manifestation of biochemical markers of in-flammation and proves the mechanism of changes in the biochemical picture of blood in COVID-19, which we assume.

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Bloomfield, Isabelle G. S., Ian H. Johnston, and Lynne E. Bilston. "Effect of Biochemical Composition on Cerebrospinal Fluid Viscosity." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0172.

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Abstract The viscosity of the cerebrospinal fluid has long been assumed to be similar to water but only a handful of studies have measured the rheological properties of this fluid. In the present study the viscosity of cerebrospinal fluid was measured on a rotational rheometer at shear rates from 25 to 1460 sec−1, at 37°C. Each cerebrospinal fluid sample was biochemically analysed and comparisons of viscosity with protein, glucose and blood cell content in the sample were made. Despite the amount of proteins, glucose and blood cells, the viscosity of cerebrospinal fluid remained at a relatively constant level of 0.8mPa.s for the range of shear rate used, at 37°C. These findings were significant using linear regression analysis. It is concluded that cerebrospinal fluid is a newtonian fluid and that its viscosity does not significantly change with its composition.

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Paraschiv, Alina-Nicoleta, Milica Dima, Aurelia Diaconu, Elena Ciuciuc, and Mihaela Croitoru. "RESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIOR OF AN ASSORTMENT OF BELL PEPPER ON THE SANDY SOILS IN SOUTH-WEST OLTENIA ACCORDING TO THE CULTIVATION METHOD USED." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/40.

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The pedo-climatic conditions specific to sandy soils in southwest Oltenia determine differences in performing different phenophases of growth and development of plants, both between varieties and in the physiological behavior of the same variety under different yield conditions. Therefore, at the Dăbuleni Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands, research was carried out on some physiological, biochemical and production processes at five varieties of bell peppers cultivated in the open fields and solar. Determinations of photosynthesis, foliar transpiration, the biochemical composition of fruits, quantity, and quality of bell pepper production were performed. The physiological and biochemical processes studied were influenced by the environmental conditions specific to each cultivation method, but also by the studied variables. Of the 5 varieties studied, the best results on the biochemical composition of the fruits were recorded at the Artim variety (8.83% total dry substance, 4.60% soluble dry substance, 0.19% acidity, 3.80% carbohydrate and 36.96% vitamin C). The production was between 15,387 t / ha for open-field plants and 108,574 t / ha for plants grown in the solar, the differences between the two cultivation methods being statistically assured as distinctly significant.

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Sato, Katsuya, and Toshihiko Shiraishi. "Measurement of Modes of Vibration of a Cultured Cell for its Mechanosensing Mechanisms." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23697.

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Abstract Applying mechanical vibration to cultured cells gives intracellular biochemical responses activated, for instance, their gene expression level is increased, so that it can be applied in the medical field. However, the cellular mechanisms of sensing mechanical vibration and transducing into the biochemical responses have not been clarified. One of the previous studies culturing osteoblastic cells under mechanical vibration showed that some of the intracellular biochemical responses reached peak depending on the frequencies like a resonance in the mechanical engineering field; the mRNA level of alkaline phosphatase at the frequency of 50 Hz reaches approximately 4.5 times as high as that at the control group [1]. Considering the analogy between the mechanical and the biochemical responses of a cell, the modes of vibration of a cell are thought to be related to the mechanosensing. In this study, the mode shapes of a single cell were experimentally measured under mechanical vibration up to 100 Hz using an improved experimental system with high natural frequencies designed to be low mass and high rigidity. This present paper will report the obtained experimental results of the mode shapes of a single cell nucleus and may contribute to the elucidation of the mechanosensing mechanisms of a cell for mechanical vibration.

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Chaudhary, Nidhee, Subhash Chand, and Nameet Kaur. "Studies on Biochemical Characteristics of Thermostable Superoxide Dismutase isolated from Ribes nigrum: A Functional Food." In Annual International Conference on Advances in Biotechnology. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-2489_biotech13.33.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Biochemical studie"

Messick, Troy E. Structural and Biochemical Studies of the Ovarian Tumor Domain. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada587186.

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Simeonova, Rumiana, Vessela Vitcheva, Ivanka Kostadinova, Iva Valkova, Irena Philipova, Georgi Stavrakov, Nikolai Danchev, and Irini Doytchinova. Biochemical Studies on a Novel Potent Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor with Dualsite Binding for Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.02.08.

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Paran, Ilan, and Molly Jahn. Genetics and comparative molecular mapping of biochemical and morphological fruit characters in Capsicum. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586545.bard.

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Original objectives: The overall goal of our work was to gain information regarding the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper and to develop tools based on this information to assist in crop improvement. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoid (pungency) content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoid and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoid in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C.locus. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was poorly understood prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous SSR markers. This map has been integrated with a number of other independent maps resulting in the publication of a single resource map consisting of more than 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps based primarily on tomato-originated RFLP markers, the new maps are based on PCR markers that originate in Capsicum providing a comprehensive and versatile resource for marker-assisted selection in pepper. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, a character unique to pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master regulatoar for capsaicinoid accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTL that control capsaicinoid content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTL that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTL controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advances in our understanding of important processes of pepper fruit development including the isolation and characterization of several well known genes. These results also provided the basis for the development of molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement. A total of eleven refereed publications have resulted from this work, and several more are in preparation.

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Moran, Nava, Richard Crain, and Wolf-Dieter Reiter. Regulation by Light of Plant Potassium Uptake through K Channels: Biochemical, Physiological and Biophysical Study. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571356.bard.

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The swelling of plant motor cells is regulated by various signals with almost unknown mediators. One of the obligatory steps in the signaling cascade is the activation of K+-influx channels -K+ channels activated by hyperpolarization (KH channels). We thus explored the regulation of these channels in our model system, motor cell protoplasts from Samanea saman, using patch-clamp in the "whole cell" configuration. (a) The most novel finding was that the activity of KH channels in situ varied with the time of the day, in positive correlation with cell swelling: in Extensor cells KH channels were active in the earlier part of the day, while in Flexor cells only during the later part of the day; (b) High internal pH promoted the activity of these channels in Extensor cells, opposite to the behavior of the equivalent channels in guard cells, but in conformity with the predicted behavior of the putative KH channel, cloned from S. saman recently; (c) HIgh external K+ concentration increased (KH channel currents in Flexor cells. BL depolarized the Flexor cells, as detected in cell-attached patch-clamp recording, using KD channels (the K+-efflux channels) as "voltage-sensing devices". Subsequent Red-Light (RL) pulse followed by Darkness, hyperpolarized the cell. We attribute these changes to the inhibition of the H+-pump by BL and its reactivation by RL, as they were abolished by an H+-pump inhibitor. BL increased also the activity KD channels, in a voltage-independent manner - in all probability by an independent signaling pathway. Blue-Light (BL), which stimulates shrinking of Flexor cells, evoked the IP3 signaling cascade (detected directly by IP3 binding assay), known to mobilize cytosolic Ca2+. Nevertheless, cytosolic Ca2+ . did not activate the KD channel in excised, inside-out patches. In this study we established a close functional similarity of the KD channels between Flexor and Extensior cells. Thus the differences in their responses must stem from different links to signaling in both cell types.

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Sukenik, Assaf, Paul Roessler, and John Ohlrogge. Biochemical and Physiological Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Unicellular Algae with Special Emphasis on W-3 Very Long Chain Lipids. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604932.bard.

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Various unicellular algae produce omega-3 (w3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), which are rarely found in higher plants. In this research and other studies from our laboratories, it has been demonstrated that the marine unicellular alga Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) can be used as a reliable and high quality source for the w3 VLC-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This alga is widely used in mariculture systems as the primary component of the artificial food chain in fish larvae production, mainly due to its high EPA content. Furthermore, w3 fatty acids are essential for humans as dietary supplements and may have therapeutic benefits. The goal of this research proposal was to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and accumulation of glycerolipids enriched with w3 VLC-PUFA in Nannochloropsis. The results of our studies demonstrate various aspects of lipid synthesis and its regulation in the alga: 1. Variations in lipid class composition imposed by various environmental conditions were determined with special emphasis on the relative abundance of the molecular species of triacylglycerol (TAG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG). 2. The relationships between the cellular content of major glycerolipids (TAG and MGDG) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis were studied. The results suggested the importance of UDP-galactose diacylglycerol galactosyl (UDGT) in regulation of the cellular level of MGDG. In a current effort we have purified UDGT several hundredfold from Nannochloropsis. It is our aim to purify this enzyme to near homogeneity and to produce antibodies against this enzyme in order to provide the tools for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate this enzyme and carbon allocation into galactolipids. 3. Our in vitro and in vivo labeling studies indicated the possibility that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are associated with desaturation of the structural lipids, whereas shorter chain saturated fatty acids are more likely to be incorporated into TAG. 4. Isolation of several putative mutants of Nannochloropsis which appear to have different lipid and fatty acid compositions than the wild type; a mutant of a special importance that is devoid of EPA was fully characterized. In addition, we could demonstrate the feasibility of Nannochloropsis biomass production for aquaculture and human health: 1) We demonstrated in semi-industrial scale the feasibility of mass production of Nannochloropsis biomass in collaboration with the algae plant NBT in Eilat; 2) Nutritional studies verified the importance algal w3 fatty acids for the development of rats and demonstrated that Nannochloropsis biomass fed to pregnant and lactating rats can benefit their offspring.

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Bennett, Alan B., Arthur Schaffer, and David Granot. Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Fructose Accumulation: A Strategy to Improve Fruit Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7571353.bard.

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The goal of the research project was to evaluate the potential to genetically modify or engineer carbohydrate metabolism in tomato fruit to enhance levels of fructose, a sugar with nearly twice the sweetness value of other sugars. The specific research objectives to achieve that goal were to: 1. Establish the inheritance of a fructose-accumulating trait identified in F1 hybrids of an inferspecific cross between L. hirsutum XL. esculentum and identify linked molecular markers to facilitate its introgression into tomato cultivars. This objective was completed with the genetic data indicating a single major gene, termed Fgr (Fructose glucose ratio), that controlled the partitioning of hexose in the mature fruit. Molecular markers for the gene, were developed to aid introgression of this gene into cultivated tomato. In addition, a second major gene encoding fructokinase 2 (FK2) was found to be a determinant of the fructose to glucose ratio in fruit. The relationship between FK2 and Fgr is epistatic with a combined synergistic effect of the two hirsutum-derived genes on fructose/glucose ratios. 2. Characterize the metabolic and transport properties responsible for high fructose/glucose ratios in fructose-accumulating genotypes. The effect of both the Fgr and FK2 genes on the developmental accumulation of hexoses was studied in a wide range of genetic backgrounds. In all backgrounds the trait is a developmental one and that the increase in fructose to glucose ratio occurs at the breaker stage of fruit development. The following enzymes were assayed, none of which showed differences between genotypes, at either the breaker or ripe stage: invertase, sucrose synthase, FK1, FK2, hexokinase, PGI and PGM. The lack of effect of the FK2 gene on fructokinase activity is surprising and at present we have no explanation for the phenomenon. However, the hirsutum derived Fgr allele was associated with significantly lower levels of phosphorylated glucose, G1c-1-P and G1c-6-P and concomitantly higher levels of the phosphorylated fructose, Fru-6-P, in both the breaker and ripe stage. This suggests a significant role for the isomerase reaction. 3. Develop and implement molecular genetic strategies for the production of transgenic plants with altered levels of enzymes that potentially control fructose/glucose ratios in fruit. This objective focused on manipulating hexokinase and fructokinase expression in transgenic plants. Two highly divergent cDNA clones (Frk1 and Frk2), encoding fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.4), were isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and a potato fructokinase cDNA clone was obtained from Dr. Howard Davies. Following expression in yeast, each fructokinase was identified to code for one of the tomato or potato fructokinase isoforms Transgenic tomato plants were generated with the fructokinase cDNA clone in both sense and antisense orientations and the effect of the gene on tomato plants is currently being studied.

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Tiedje, J. M. Complete Detoxification of Short Chain Chlorinated Aliphatic Compounds: Isolation of Halorespiring Organisms and Biochemical Studies of the Dehalogenating Enzyme Systems - Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/775427.

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Bradford, Kent, Haim Nerson, Gregory Wellbaum, and Menahem Edelstein. Environmental, Developmental and Physiological Determinants of Curcurbit Seed Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7695837.bard.

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Environmental, developmental, physiological and biochemical determinants of cucurbit seed quality were investigated in field and laboratory experiments. The major factor influencing seed quality is seed maturity at harvest, with both immature and overmature seeds exhibiting reduced quality. Planting density and fruit load per plant can be manipulated to maximize seed yield per unit area without adversely affecting seed quality. Seeds harvested at optimal maturity will have the greatest germination vigor and will maintain quality longer during storage. Seed priming can improve germination rates and uniformity, but can reduce storage life. Tissues enclosing the embryo (the endosperm envelope and seed coat) are involved in regulating germination. The seed coat (testa) may restrict oxygen diffusion to the embryo in some muskmelon genotypes. Weakening of the endosperm envelope is associated with radicle emergence. Callose deposition in the endosperm envelope results in semipermeability. Defense proteins such as chitinase are also present in the endosperm. Numerous genes were identified that are expressed specifically in association with germination, but their functions are yet to be elucidated. These studies have provided guidelines for producing and harvesting cucurbit seeds for maximum yield and quality and have identified physiological and biochemical processes contributing to seed germination vigor.

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Glintborg, Dorte, Naja Due Kolster, Pernille Ravn, and Marianne Skovsager Andersen. Prospective risk of type 2 diabetes in normal weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0070.

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Review question / Objective: To investigate the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in normal weight women with PCOS. The following PECOs (Population, Exposure, Comparator and Outcome) were included: Population: Pre- and postmenopausal women. Exposure: PCOS Comparator: Healthy control or background population. Outcome: T2D. Condition being studied: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder of reproductive-aged women with a prevalence of 15–20%. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is most often defined according to the Rotterdam criteria, which include irregular ovulation, biochemical/clinical hyperandrogenism, and/or polycystic ovaries when other causes are excluded.

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Chamovitz, A. Daniel, and Georg Jander. Genetic and biochemical analysis of glucosinolate breakdown: The effects of indole-3-carbinol on plant physiology and development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597917.bard.

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Genetic and biochemical analysis of glucosinolate breakdown: The effects of indole-3-carbinol on plant physiology and development Glucosinolates are a class of defense-related secondary metabolites found in all crucifers, including important oilseed and vegetable crops in the Brassica genus and the well-studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Upon tissue damage, such as that provided by insect feeding, glucosinolates are subjected to catalysis and spontaneous degradation to form a variety of breakdown products. These breakdown products typically have a deterrent effect on generalist herbivores. Glucosinolate breakdown products also contribute to the anti-carcinogenic effects of eating cabbage, broccoli and related cruciferous vegetables. Indole-3-carbinol, a breakdown product of indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, forms conjugates with several other plant metabolites. Although some indole-3-carbinol conjugates have known functions in defense against herbivores and pathogens, most play as yet unidentified roles in plant metabolism, and possibly also plant development. At the outset, our proposal had three main hypotheses: (1) There is a specific detoxification pathway for indole-3-carbinol; (2) Metabolites derived from indole-3-carbinol are phloem-mobile and serve as signaling molecules; and (3) Indole-3-carbinol affects plant cell cycle and cell-differentiation pathways. The experiments were designed to enable us to elucidate how indole-3-carbinol and related metabolites affect plants and their interactions with herbivorous insects. We discovered that indole-3- carbinol rapidly and reversibly inhibits root elongation in a dose-dependent manner, and that this inhibition is accompanied by a loss of auxin activity in the root meristem. A direct interaction between indole-3-carbinol and the auxin perception machinery was suggested, as application of indole-3-carbinol rescued auxin-induced root phenotypes. In vitro and yeast-based protein interaction studies showed that indole-3-carbinol perturbs the auxin-dependent interaction of TIR1 with Aux/IAA proteins, supporting the notion that indole-3-carbinol acts as an auxin antagonist. Furthermore, transcript profiling experiments revealed the influence of indole-3-carbinol on auxin signaling in root tips, and indole-3-carbinol also affected auxin transporters. Brief treatment with indole-3-carbinol led to a reduction in the amount of PIN1 and to mislocalization of PIN2. The results indicate that chemicals induced by herbivory, such as indole-3-carbinol, function not only to repel herbivores, but also as signaling molecules that directly compete with auxin to fine tune plant growth and development, which implies transport of indole-3- carbinol that we are as yet unsuccessful in detecting. Our results indicate that plant defensive metabolites also have secondary functions in regulating aspects of plant metabolism, thereby providing diversity in defense-related plant signaling pathways. Such diversity of of signaling by defensive metabolites would be beneficial for the plant, as herbivores and pathogens would be less likely to mount effective countermeasures. We propose that growth arrest can be mediated directly by the herbivory-induced chemicals, in our case, indole-3-carbinol. Thus, glucosinolate breakdown to I3C following herbivory would have two outcomes: (1) Indole-3-carbinaol would inhibit the herbivore, while (2) at the same time inducing growth arrest within the plant. Thus, our results indicate that I3C is a defensive phytohormone that modulates auxin signaling, leading to growth arrest.

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