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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Biochar, wheat, sunflower"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Biochar, wheat, sunflower"

Qiao, Yinhu, Chunxia He, Chunyan Zhang, Chunxia Jiang, Kechuan Yi, and Feiyue Li. "Comparison of adsorption of biochar from agricultural wastes on methylene blue and Pb2+." BioResources 14, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 9766–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.9766-9780.

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Biochar was prepared from agricultural plant waste, including corn straw (MS), sunflower straw (SS), wheat straw (WS), orange peel (OS), sunflower seed shell (SSS), and chestnut shell (CS) at low temperature in a partially oxygen-limited environment. These biochars were used to adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants. The results showed that biochar having suitable surface area and microporous area could be obtained from the raw materials at 300 °C under partial oxygen limitation. The total porosity of biochar prepared from corn straw (MS) was 92.8%, and the removal of Pb2+ was 78.6 mg/g. The obtained biochar had good adsorption properties for methylene blue and Pb2+ water of different concentrations, and the adsorption performance of biochar prepared from crop straw was better than that of biochar prepared from plant peel. Thus, it was feasible to prepare biochar and to adsorb harmful substances in water through this process. This study promotes the recycling of agricultural wastes and simplifies the preparation of carbon adsorbents.

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Aziz, Muhammad Abdullah, Fahad Masoud Wattoo, Faheem Khan, Zeshan Hassan, Imran Mahmood, Adeel Anwar, Muhammad Fazal Karim, et al. "Biochar and Polyhalite Fertilizers Improve Soil’s Biochemical Characteristics and Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Yield." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (February 7, 2023): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020483.

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Biochar (BC) applications have multiple impacts on crops’ nutrient availability, growth and yield depending on the feedstock type and pyrolysis conditions. Pot and field experiments were conducted to examine the effects of biochars (BCs) prepared from three different feedstocks, Acacia modesta wood biochar (AWB), Dalbergia sissoo wood biochar (DWB) and poultry litter biochar (PLB), on soil’s nutrient availability, uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) crops and their yield attributes. All BCs were applied at the rate of 10t ha−1 in each treatment in both experiments, and pot and field trials were designed according to a two-factor factorial completely randomized design (CRD) and two-factor factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD), respectively. The concentration of soil NO3-N, NH4-N, Olsen P and extractable K increased by 98.5, 296, 228 and 47%, respectively, in the pot experiment with the application of PLB+polyhalite (PH) treatments. Similarly, in field experiments, NO3-N, NH4-N and Olsen P contents increased by 91, 268 and 156% under the PLB+PH treatment, respectively. However, in both experiments, soil’s microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) was significantly higher after AWB+PH treatment, and the increments were 127 and 109% while microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) contents were 16 and 14% higher than the control under DWB+PH and AWB+PH treatments, respectively, in the field experiment. Similarly, combined PLB+PH increased the total organic carbon (TOC) of soil by 193%. Moreover, PLB+PH co-applications with PH significantly increased sunflower grain yields by up to 58% and the harvest index by 45%. Overall, no negative impact with respect to BCs was observed on the soil’s nutrient content and plant growth. Hence, for immediate crop benefits and soil health, using nutrient biochar (PLB) alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers is recommended.

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Medyńska-Juraszek, Agnieszka, María Luisa Álvarez, Andrzej Białowiec, and Maria Jerzykiewicz. "Characterization and Sodium Cations Sorption Capacity of Chemically Modified Biochars Produced from Agricultural and Forestry Wastes." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 4714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164714.

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Excessive amounts of sodium cations (Na+) in water is an important limiting factor to reuse poor quality water in agriculture or industry, and recently, much attention has been paid to developing cost-effective and easily available water desalination technology that is not limited to natural resources. Biochar seems to be a promising solution for reducing high loads of inorganic contaminant from water and soil solution, and due to the high availability of biomass in agriculture and forestry, its production for these purposes may become beneficial. In the present research, wheat straw, sunflower husk, and pine-chip biochars produced at 250, 450 and 550 °C under simple torrefaction/pyrolysis conditions were chemically modified with ethanol or HCl to determine the effect of these activations on Na sorption capacity from aqueous solution. Biochar sorption property measurements, such as specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, content of base cations in exchangeable forms, and structural changes of biochar surface, were performed by FTIR and EPR spectrometry to study the effect of material chemical activation. The sorption capacity of biochars and activated carbons was investigated by performing batch sorption experiments, and adsorption isotherms were tested with Langmuir’s and Freundlich’s models. The results showed that biochar activation had significant effects on the sorption characteristics of Na+, increasing its capacity (even 10-folds) and inducing the mechanism of ion exchange between biochar and saline solution, especially when ethanol activation was applied. The findings of this study show that biochar produced through torrefaction with ethanol activation requires lower energy demand and carbon footprint and, therefore, is a promising method for studying material applications for environmental and industrial purposes.

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Zivanov, Milorad, Srdjan Seremesic, Dragana Bjelic, Jelena Marinkovic, Jovica Vasin, Jordana Ninkov, and Stanko Milic. "Response of chemical and microbial properties to short-term biochar amendment in different agricultural soils." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 138 (2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2038061z.

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The objective of this study was to assess the effect of biochar soil amendment (BSA) on chemical and microbial properties in different agricultural soils in Vojvodina Prov?ince. Short-term pot experiment consisted of five biochar application doses (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3%) and five contrasting soil types (Mollic Gleysol, Eutric Cambisol, Calcaric Fluvisol, Gleyic Chernozem, and Haplic Chernozem), planted with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The examined chemical and microbial properties were significantly influenced by soil type and interaction of experimental factors. Significant influence of biochar on the contents of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), total nitrogen (N), total carbon (C), soil organic carbon (SOC), humus and potassium (K) of the tested soils was observed. Biochar also significantly affected the number of azotobacters (AZB), fungi (FNG), actino?mycetes (ACT) and copiotrophic bacteria (CB). The effect of BSA varied depending on the applied dose, with higher values of the examined chemical and microbial parameters at higher doses of application. Further studies on using biochar in soils with low fertility will be neces?sary to establish its efficiency as an enhancer for agricultural production in Serbia.

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Zhang, Chunyan, Chunxia He, and Yinhu Qiao. "Lower-temperature pyrolysis to prepare biochar from agricultural wastes and adsorption for Pb2+." BioResources 13, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 5543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.5543-5553.

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Many agricultural activities generate large quantities of biomass wastes. Using these wastes to produce value-added products or energy has become very important in recent years. Heavy metals such as lead are among the most toxic chemical water pollutants from natural or anthropogenic sources. The goals of this work were to prepare three biochars from maize straw (BMS), sunflower straw (BSS), and wheat straw (BWS) under partial limited oxygen condition and to characterize their ability to adsorb Pb2+ from water. The sorption kinetics as well as the influence of solution pH and Pb2+ concentration was investigated. The three biochars had a good performance for Pb2+ adsorption. A greater adsorption efficiency was observed for BMS and BSS than for BWS. The physico-chemical properties of the biochars showed that the adsorption performance was correlated with preparation conditions, raw material types, higher total porosity, and micro-structure.

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Karer, Jasmin, Bernhard Wimmer, Franz Zehetner, Stefanie Kloss, and Gerhard Soja. "Biochar application to temperate soils: effects on nutrient uptake and crop yield under field conditions." Agricultural and Food Science 22, no. 4 (December 18, 2013): 390–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.8155.

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The benefits of biochar (BC) application to fertile, non-acidic soils in temperate climate regions might not always be as evident as for highly weathered tropical soils. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of BC on soil characteristics, nutrient uptake and crop yield in field experiments on two temperate soils (Cambisol and Chernozem) in Austria. Maize and wheat (Cambisol), and barley and sunflower (Chernozem) were grown in successive vegetation periods following different BC application rates (0, 24 and 72 t ha-1 at the start of the experiment), supplemented with identical mineral N supply in 33 m² plots. BC treatments showed varying impacts on nutrient uptake of the investigated crops. The first growing season in the Chernozem region was affected by a prolonged drought period, which resulted in positive effects of BC on soil water-holding capacity (WHC) and barley crop yield (+ 10%) for the 72 t ha-1 BC + N treatment compared to a control with identical nutrient supply but without BC. However, maize and wheat grain yield decreased by 46 and 70%, respectively, after the highest BC application rate (72 t ha-1) in an additional treatment without supplementary N-fertilisation. Still, even with high BC application rates we did not observe any adverse effects on crop yield and nutrient uptake, as long as the soil was supplied with sufficient N according to local agricultural practice.

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Tatarková, Veronika, Edgar Hiller, and Marek Vaculík. "Impact of wheat straw biochar addition to soil on the sorption, leaching, dissipation of the herbicide (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid and the growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 92 (June 2013): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.02.005.

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Nocentini, Marco, Giovanni Mastrolonardo, Marco Panettieri, Pamela Vignolini, Annalisa Romani, Irene Criscuoli, Heike Knicker, and Giacomo Certini. "Adding Biochar to a Fertile Temperate Soil Has No Impact on the Growth and Very Little on the Quality of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and Ancient and Modern Wheat Varieties (Triticum spp.)." Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, December 28, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42729-022-01095-1.

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Guida, M. Y., B. Rebbah, N. Anter, A. Medaghri-Alaoui, E. M. Rakib, and A. Hannioui. "Biofuels and biochars production from agricultural biomass wastes by thermochemical conversion technologies: Thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis studies." Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences, August 13, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/446.2021.00020.

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AbstractIn this paper, thermal degradation (TGA) and pyrolysis studies of sunflower shell biomass (SSB), eucalyptus biomass (EB), wheat straw biomass (WSB), and peanut shell biomass (PSB) were carried out using the thermogravimetric analysis and stainless steel tubular reactor. Thermal degradation of all biomass wastes was examined at a heating rate of 10 °C/min in nitrogen atmosphere between 20 and 800 °C. Experiments of pyrolysis were carried out in a tubular reactor from 300 to 700 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/min, a particle size of 0.1–0.3 mm and nitrogen flow rate of 100 mL.min−1, which the aim to study how temperature affects liquid, solid, and gas products. The results of this work showed that three stages have been identified in the thermal decomposition of SSB, EB, WSB, and PSB wastes. The first stage occurred at 120–158 °C, the second stage, which corresponds to hemicellulose and cellulose's degradation, occurred in temperatures range from 139 to 480 °C for hemicellulose, and from 233 to 412 °C for cellulose, while the third stage occurred at 534–720 °C. It was concluded that temperature has a significant effect on product yields. The maximum of bio-oil yields of 37.55, 30.5, 46.96, and 50.05 wt% for WSB, PSB, SSB, and EB, were obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C (SSB, PSB, and WSB) and 550 °C (EB). Raw biomass, solid and liquid products obtained were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The analysis of solid and liquid products showed that bio-oils and bio-chars from agricultural biomass wastes could be prospective sources of renewable fuels production and value added chemical products.

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Дисертації з теми "Biochar, wheat, sunflower"

Nocentini, Marco. "Potential of various carbonized organic matters as peat substitute in growing media and soil amendment for wheat and sunflower cultivation." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1273451.

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Biochar is a stable carbon-rich by-product obtained by pyrolysis of various biomasses. Its use has been recently suggested as peat substitution in potting substrates because of some intrinsic similarities with peat, while the addition to soil as an amendment lacks in open field experiments in the Mediterranean regions. Furthermore, only few studies on biochar impact on crops quality have been published, especially under field conditions in temperate regions. This work aims to test the potential of selected biochars from different feedstocks, and a composted biochar, to partially or fully substitute peat for tomato and basil growth in a nursery trial. In the case of basil, the assemblage of volatile compounds of basil as well was checked. This work also focused on the effects of biochar as soil amendment on the yield and the content of some nutraceutical compounds of wheat and sunflower. Overall, I found that high doses of biochar cannot be used in potting substrates for tomato and basil seedlings without negatively affecting their growth. Nonetheless, small doses are not harmful, and on a global scale may represent a precious contribution for preserving the remaining peat resources. The volatile organic compounds of basil were not significantly affected by biochar addition, even with 25% of peat substitution with biochar and up to 50% with composted biochar.. Conversely, high doses of biochar can be added as soil amendment for the cultivation of wheat and sunflower without negatively affecting their growth and nutraceuticals compounds, but this environment-friendly strategy is not feasible from an economic point of view.

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