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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

DI MARIO, CARLO, HUW GRIFFITHS, OMER GOKTEKIN, NICOLAS PEETERS, JAN VERBIST, MARC BOSIERS, Koen DELOOSE, et al. "Drug-Eluting Bioabsorbable Magnesium Stent." Journal of Interventional Cardiology 17, no. 6 (December 2004): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2004.04081.x.

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2

Daentzer, Dorothea, Elmar Willbold, Katharina Kalla, Ivonne Bartsch, Waseem Masalha, Maximiliane Hallbaum, Christof Hurschler, et al. "Bioabsorbable Interbody Magnesium-Polymer Cage." Spine 39, no. 20 (September 2014): E1220—E1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000000507.

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3

Grogan, J. A., S. B. Leen, and P. E. McHugh. "Computational micromechanics of bioabsorbable magnesium stents." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 34 (June 2014): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.01.007.

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4

Hagelstein, Salome, Michael Seidenstuecker, Adalbert Kovacs, Roland Barkhoff, and Sergej Zankovic. "Fixation Performance of Bioabsorbable Zn-6Ag Pins for Osteosynthesis." Materials 15, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 3280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093280.

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Анотація:

Bioabsorbable implants have become the focus of the latest research for new bone implant materials. With favorable characteristics such as compatible mechanical characteristics, no long-term side effects, and even osteogenesis enhancing properties they seem to be the future of osteosynthesis. Besides these characteristics, they must perform on the same level as traditional implant materials regarding their mechanical support for bone healing. A particular focus in the research for bioabsorbable implants has been on metal alloys, as these have particularly good mechanical properties such as excellent maximum force and high stability. This study focused on the shear strength of new bioabsorbable zinc and magnesium pins in comparison to traditional implants such as K-wires and cancellous bone screws in bone-implant connections. During quasi-static and fatigue loading experiments, magnesium pins (MAGNEZIX, Syntellix AG, Hannover, Germany) and new zinc silver pins (Zn-6Ag) by Limedion (Limedion GmbH., Mannheim, Germany) were compared with conventional osteosynthetic materials. The pins made of the new bioabsorbable alloys withstood the cyclic loads to the same extent as the conventional osteosynthesis materials. In the quasi-static loading, it was shown that the novel Zn-6Ag from Limedion has the same shear strength as the magnesium pin from Syntellix, which is already in clinical use. In addition, the zinc pin showed significantly better shear strength compared to osteosynthesis with K-wires (p < 0.05).

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5

Turan, Adil, Yusuf Alper Kati, Baver Acar, and Ozkan Kose. "Magnesium Bioabsorbable Screw Fixation of Radial Styloid Fractures: Case Report." Journal of Wrist Surgery 09, no. 02 (April 22, 2019): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685489.

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Abstract Background Several types of fixation materials may be used for the radial styloid fractures such as Kirschner wire fixation, screw fixation, volar plate fixation, and fragment-specific radial buttress plate fixation. However, each of these fixation techniques has certain complications usually related to either the surgical dissection or the application of fixation and symptomatic permanent hardware. Implant removal secondary to irritation of prominent screw heads or bulky plates is not uncommon after radial styloid fracture fixation. Case Description Herein, two patients with an isolated radial styloid fracture who were treated with bioabsorbable magnesium (alloy: MgYREZr) screws are presented. In both patients, the fracture union was achieved without any complication and need for implant removal. Literature Review This is the first report on the use of magnesium screws for this indication. Clinical Relevance Magnesium bioabsorbable compression screw fixation may be an alternative solution that eliminates removal operations due to symptomatic hardware in radial styloid fractures.

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6

Watanabe, Shin, Takeshi Yabutsuka, and Shigeomi Takai. "Biomimetic Crystalline Calcium Phosphate Coatings on Bioabsorbable Magnesium Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 758 (November 2017): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.758.81.

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Bioabsorbable magnesium (Mg) alloy was anodized in 1.0 M NaOH solution to improve the corrosion resistance. Then the anodized Mg alloy was immersed in an aqueous solution with three times of Ca2+ and HPO42- and lower Na+ and Cl- in comparison with those of conventional SBF. The whole surface of Mg alloy was successfully coated with plate-like apatite within 1 day. The thickness of apatite layer formed on Mg alloy was about 7 μm.

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7

Lee, Seungyun, Doyun Lee, Kyungmin Lee, Chan Park, Hyunphil Lim, Sangwon Park, Lee Kyungku, and Kwidug Yun. "Evaluation of Bioabsorbable Mg–Mn Alloy with Anodic Oxidation Treatment." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 5625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17671.

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Magnesium alloys as biodegradable materials have been examined that may replace bone screws and plates in recent studies. But the velocity control of magnesium alloy is very difficult. Until now, the magnesium alloys degrade very fast, thus it couldn’t maintain the function in clinical field. Thus the purpose of this study is to evaluate the degradability of anodized magnesium alloy for control the velocity. For this experiment, a Mg–xMn (x = 0, 0.5, 1 wt%) binary alloy was cast in argon gas (99.99%) atmosphere. The specimens of the surface treatment group were anodized for 15 minutes at a voltage of 120 V at room temperature using calcium gluconate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sodium hydroxide electrolyte. For the mechanical test, SEM, roughness test, hardness test were examined. The degradation test was conducted to measure the hydrogen gas formation volume. For biologic test, cell viability were tested. After anodic oxidation treatment, the surface showed the crater formation, the size of craters were about 200~300 nm. Among nonanodized group, the Mg–0.5Mn showed the highest Vickers hardness and cell viability. However for biodegradability test, Mg–1Mn showed the lowest the hydrogen gas formation. For anodic oxidation treatment, anodic oxidation treatment makes rougher surface, higher hardness, good cell response and lower degradation rate. Overall, anodized Mg–1Mn showed the possibility for clinical application in bone screw and bone plate.

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8

Alfonso, Fernando, Javier Cuesta, Marcos García-Guimaraes, and Fernando Rivero. "“Bumpy” neointima: the fingerprint of bioabsorbable magnesium scaffold resorption." EuroIntervention 15, no. 4 (July 2019): e380-e381. http://dx.doi.org/10.4244/eij-d-18-00501.

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9

Bach, Friedrich-Wilhelm, Dirk Bormann, Rafael Kucharski, and Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg. "Magnesium sponges as a bioabsorbable material – attributes and challenges." International Journal of Materials Research 98, no. 7 (July 2007): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.101514.

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10

Brar, Harpreet S., Benjamin G. Keselowsky, Malisa Sarntinoranont, and Michele V. Manuel. "Design considerations for developing biodegradable and bioabsorbable magnesium implants." JOM 63, no. 4 (April 2011): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-011-0048-8.

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11

Brar, Harpreet S., Manu O. Platt, Malisa Sarntinoranont, Peter I. Martin, and Michele V. Manuel. "Magnesium as a biodegradable and bioabsorbable material for medical implants." JOM 61, no. 9 (September 2009): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-009-0129-0.

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12

Hagelstein, Salome, Sergej Zankovic, Adalbert Kovacs, Roland Barkhoff, and Michael Seidenstuecker. "Mechanical Analysis and Corrosion Analysis of Zinc Alloys for Bioabsorbable Implants for Osteosynthesis." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020421.

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Zinc alloys have recently been researched intensely for their great properties as bioabsorbable implants for osteosynthesis. Pure zinc (Zn) itself has relatively poor strength, which makes it insufficient for most clinical use. Research has already proven that the mechanical strength of zinc can be enhanced significantly by alloying it with silver. This study evaluated zinc silver alloys (ZnAg) as well as novel zinc silver titanium alloys (ZnAgTi) regarding their mechanical properties for the use as bioabsorbable implants. Compared to pure zinc the mechanical strength was enhanced significantly for all tested zinc alloys. The elastic properties were only enhanced significantly for the zinc silver alloys ZnAg6 and ZnAg9. Regarding target values for orthopedic implants proposed in literature, the best mechanical properties were measured for the ZnAg3Ti1 alloy with an ultimate tensile strength of 262 MPa and an elongation at fracture of 16%. Besides the mechanical properties, the corrosion rates are important for bioabsorbable implants. This study tested the corrosion rates of zinc alloys in PBS solution (phosphate buffered solution) with electrochemical corrosion measurement. Zinc and its alloys showed favorable corrosion rates, especially in comparison to magnesium, which has a much lower degradation rate and no buildup of hydrogen gas pockets during the process. Altogether, this makes zinc alloys highly favorable for use as material for bioabsorbable implants for osteosynthesis.

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13

Holweg, Patrick, Valentin Herber, Martin Ornig, Gloria Hohenberger, Nicolas Donohue, Paul Puchwein, Andreas Leithner, and Franz Seibert. "A lean bioabsorbable magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy ZX00 used for operative treatment of medial malleolus fractures." Bone & Joint Research 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.98.bjr-2020-0017.r2.

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Aims This study is a prospective, non-randomized trial for the treatment of fractures of the medial malleolus using lean, bioabsorbable, rare-earth element (REE)-free, magnesium (Mg)-based biodegradable screws in the adult skeleton. Methods A total of 20 patients with isolated, bimalleolar, or trimalleolar ankle fractures were recruited between July 2018 and October 2019. Fracture reduction was achieved through bioabsorbable Mg-based screws composed of pure Mg alloyed with zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) ( Mg-Zn0.45-Ca0.45, in wt.%; ZX00). Visual analogue scale (VAS) and the presence of complications (adverse events) during follow-up (12 weeks) were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. The functional outcomes were analyzed through the range of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Fracture reduction and gas formation were assessed using several plane radiographs. Results The follow-up was performed after at least 12 weeks. The mean difference in ROM of the talocrural joint between the treated and the non-treated sites decreased from 39° (SD 12°) after two weeks to 8° (SD 11°) after 12 weeks (p ≤ 0.05). After 12 weeks, the mean AOFAS score was 92.5 points (SD 4.1). Blood analysis revealed that Mg and Ca were within a physiologically normal range. All ankle fractures were reduced and stabilized sufficiently by two Mg screws. A complete consolidation of all fractures was achieved. No loosening or breakage of screws was observed. Conclusion This first prospective clinical investigation of fracture reduction and fixation using lean, bioabsorbable, REE-free ZX00 screws showed excellent clinical and functional outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(8):477–483.

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14

Watanabe, Shin, Takeshi Yabutsuka, and Shigeomi Takai. "Effect of Crystalline Calcium Phosphate Coatings Prepared in an Aqueous Solution on Corrosion Resistance of Bioabsorbable Magnesium Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 782 (October 2018): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.782.158.

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Bioabsorbable magnesium (Mg) alloy was anodized in 1.0 M NaOH solution. Then the anodized Mg alloy was immersed in an aqueous solution with three times concentration of Ca2+and HPO42-in comparison with those of biological environment to improve its corrosion resistance. The whole surface of Mg alloy was successfully coated with crystalline calcium phosphate (CaP) within 1 day. The CaP coated Mg alloys showed high corrosion resistance in SBF.

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15

Biber, Roland, Johannes Pauser, Markus Geßlein, and Hermann Josef Bail. "Magnesium-Based Absorbable Metal Screws for Intra-Articular Fracture Fixation." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9673174.

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MAGNEZIX® (Syntellix AG, Hanover, Germany) is a biodegradable magnesium-based alloy (MgYREZr) which is currently used to manufacture bioabsorbable compression screws. To date, there are very few studies reporting on a limited number of elective foot surgeries using this innovative implant. This case report describes the application of this screw for osteochondral fracture fixation at the humeral capitulum next to a loose radial head prosthesis, which was revised at the same time. The clinical course was uneventful. Degradation of the magnesium alloy did not interfere with fracture healing. Showing an excellent clinical result and free range-of-motion, the contour of the implant was still visible in a one-year follow-up.

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16

Alfonso, Fernando, Javier Cuesta, Marcos García-Guimaraes, Teresa Bastante, Ramón Maruri, and Fernando Rivero. "Treatment of coronary stent restenosis with drug-eluting bioabsorbable magnesium scaffolds." Coronary Artery Disease 28, no. 7 (November 2017): 627–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mca.0000000000000517.

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17

Kim, Jong-Kil, Seong-Yup Jeong, and Kwang-Bok Lee. "Gas Formation and Its Effect After Implantation of Bioabsorbable Metal Magnesium." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 1, no. 1 (September 2016): 2473011416S0019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011416s00192.

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18

Ghiotti, Andrea, Stefania Bruschi, Rachele Bertolini, Konrad Perzynski, and Lukasz Madej. "Forming of bioabsorbable clips using magnesium alloy strips with enhanced characteristics." CIRP Annals 69, no. 1 (2020): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2020.03.002.

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19

On, Sung-Woon, Seoung-Won Cho, Soo-Hwan Byun, and Byoung-Eun Yang. "Bioabsorbable Osteofixation Materials for Maxillofacial Bone Surgery: A Review on Polymers and Magnesium-Based Materials." Biomedicines 8, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090300.

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Clinical application of osteofixation materials is essential in performing maxillofacial surgeries requiring rigid fixation of bone such as trauma surgery, orthognathic surgery, and skeletal reconstruction. In addition to the use of titanium plates and screws, clinical applications and attempts using bioabsorbable materials for osteofixation surgery are increasing with demands to avoid secondary surgery for the removal of plates and screws. Synthetic polymeric plates and screws were developed, reaching satisfactory physical properties comparable to those made with titanium. Although these polymeric materials are actively used in clinical practice, there remain some limitations to be improved. Due to questionable physical strength and cumbersome molding procedures, interests in resorbable metal materials for osteofixation emerged. Magnesium (Mg) gained attention again in the last decade as a new metallic alternative, and numerous animal studies to evaluate the possibility of clinical application of Mg-based materials are being conducted. Thanks to these researches and studies, vascular application of Mg-based biomaterials was successful; however, further studies are required for the clinical application of Mg-based biomaterials for osteofixation, especially in the facial skeleton. The review provides an overview of bioabsorbable osteofixation materials in maxillofacial bone surgery from polymer to Mg.

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20

Ocaña, José Luis, José Luis González-Carrasco, Marcela Lieblich, Juan Antonio Porro, Marcos Díaz, Francisco Cordovilla, Ignacio Angulo, and Ignacio Izaguirre. "Laser Shock Processing as an Advanced Technique for the Surface and Mechanical Resistance Properties Modification of Bioabsorbable Magnesium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 2489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2489.

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Laser shock processing (LSP) is increasingly applied as an effective technology for the improvement of metallic materials’ mechanical and surface properties in different types of components, mostly as a means of enhancement of their fatigue life behavior. As reported in previous contributions by the authors, a main effect resulting from the application of the LSP technique consists in the generation of relatively deep compression residual stresses fields into metallic components allowing an improved mechanical behaviour. On the other hand, Mg and its alloys have gained increasing relevance as natural biomaterials as their mechanical properties are in the same range as those corresponding to natural bone as well as due to their inherent bioabsorbable properties. In the present paper, the application of the LSP technology to biocompatible bioabsorbable Mg alloys suitable for chirurgical implementation is envisaged, the experimental verification of the residual stresses fields induced and the experimental characterization of the surface properties introduced by means of the treatment being specifically considered.

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21

Zartner, Peter A., Dietmar Schranz, Nathalie Mini, Martin B. Schneider, and Katja Schneider. "Acute treatment of critical vascular stenoses with a bioabsorbable magnesium scaffold in infants with CHDs." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951120000384.

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AbstractBackground:Post-operative severe vascular stenosis and proliferating endothelial tissue lead to severe circulatory disorders and impair organ perfusion. Bioabsorbable magnesium scaffolds may help to overcome these obstructions without leaving obstructing stent material. We analyse their role in the treatment of vascular stenosis in infants.Methods:Since 2016, 15 magnesium scaffolds with a diameter of 3.5 mm were implanted in 9 patients aged 15 days to 7.6 years. Eight scaffolds were implanted in pulmonary venous restenoses, five in pulmonary arterial stenosis including one in-stent stenosis, one into a stenotic brachiocephalic artery, and one in a recurrent innominate vein thrombosis.Results:All patients clinically improved after the implantation of a scaffold. The magnesium scaffolds lost integrity after 30–48 days (mean 42 days). The innominate vein thrombosed early, while all other vessels remained open. Two patients died after 1.3 and 14 weeks not related to the scaffolds. Five patients needed further balloon dilations or stent implantations after the scaffold had fractured. At first recatheterisation after in mean 2.5 months, the mean minimum/maximum diameter in relation to the scaffold’s original diameter was 89%/99% in the arterial implantations (n = 6) and 66%/77% in the pulmonary venous implantations.Conclusions:The magnesium scaffolds can be used as a bridging solution to treat severe vascular stenosis in different locations. Restenosis can occur after degradation and make further interventions necessary, but neither vessel growth nor further interventions are hindered by stent material. Larger diameters may improve therapeutic options.

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22

Watanabe, Shin, Takeshi Yabutsuka, and Shigeomi Takai. "Formation and Phase Transition of Crystalline Calcium Phosphate on Bioabsorbable Magnesium Alloy under Alkali Condition." Key Engineering Materials 829 (December 2019): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.829.3.

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In order to improve the corrosion resistance, bioabsorbable magnesium (Mg) alloy was immersed in an aqueous solution with three times of Ca2+ and HPO42- in comparison with those of conventional SBF at the moderate temperature. After immersion in the solution, the whole surface of Mg alloy was coated with plate-like crystals consisting of octacalcium phosphate (OCP). Then the OCP-coated Mg alloy was immersed in the alkali solution. Although significant change of morphology was not observed, the OCP formed on the Mg alloy was transformed to hydroxyapatite (HAp) under alkali condition.

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23

Hiromoto, Sachiko, and Akiko Yamamoto. "Control of degradation rate of bioabsorbable magnesium by anodization and steam treatment." Materials Science and Engineering: C 30, no. 8 (October 2010): 1085–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2010.06.001.

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24

Waksman, Ron, Rajbabu Pakala, Pramod K. Kuchulakanti, Richard Baffour, David Hellinga, Rufus Seabron, Fermin O. Tio, et al. "Safety and efficacy of bioabsorbable magnesium alloy stents in porcine coronary arteries." Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 68, no. 4 (2006): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.20727.

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25

Liu, Lumei, Kassu Gebresellasie, Boyce Collins, Honglin Zhang, Zhigang Xu, Jagannathan Sankar, Young-Choon Lee, and Yeoheung Yun. "Degradation Rates of Pure Zinc, Magnesium, and Magnesium Alloys Measured by Volume Loss, Mass Loss, and Hydrogen Evolution." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (August 25, 2018): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091459.

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Degradation rate is an important property to evaluate bioabsorbable metallic material; however, values vary depending on the method of measurement. In this study, three different methods of measuring corrosion rate are compared. The degradable samples to analyze corrosion rates include pure magnesium (Mg), lab produced Mg–Zn–Ca alloy (47-7-2), Mg–Zn–Zr–RE (rare earth) alloys (60-13, 60-14), Mg–Zn–Ca–RE alloy (59B), and pure zinc (Zn). A eudiometer was used to measure hydrogen evolution from the reaction of degradable alloys in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Corrosion rates based on volume loss of tested alloys in 30 days were calculated using Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Final mass change due to corrosion and corrosion removal was measured with a scale. We observed that the corrosion rates indicated by hydrogen evolution were high initially, and slowed down sharply in the following measurements. The corrosion rates of tested alloys calculated by volume loss and mass loss from high to low are: 60–13 ≈ 60–14 ≈ 47–7–2 > 59B > Mg > Zn (p < 0.05). The results provide instruction to experimental methodology to measure corrosion rates of degradable alloys.

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26

Gutierrez-Barrios, Alejandro, Santiago Jesús Camacho Freire, Dolores Cañadas, Livia L. Gheorghe, Carlos Gonzalez Guerrero, Ricardo de Zayas Rueda, and German Calle Perez. "TCT-63 Long-Term Outcomes of Bioabsorbable Magnesium Scaffold in Acute Coronary Syndromes." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 80, no. 12 (September 2022): B26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.076.

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27

Barlis, Peter, Jun Tanigawa, and Carlo Di Mario. "Coronary bioabsorbable magnesium stent: 15-month intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography findings." European Heart Journal 28, no. 19 (May 7, 2007): 2319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehm119.

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28

Ezechieli, Marco, Max Ettinger, Carolin König, Andreas Weizbauer, Patrick Helmecke, Robert Schavan, Arne Lucas, Henning Windhagen, and Christoph Becher. "Biomechanical characteristics of bioabsorbable magnesium-based (MgYREZr-alloy) interference screws with different threads." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 24, no. 12 (September 24, 2014): 3976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-014-3325-6.

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29

Wang, Jiali, Jian Tang, Peng Zhang, Yangde Li, Jue Wang, Yuxiao Lai, and Ling Qin. "Surface modification of magnesium alloys developed for bioabsorbable orthopedic implants: A general review." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 100B, no. 6 (May 7, 2012): 1691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.32707.

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30

Hänzi, Anja C., Alla S. Sologubenko, and Peter J. Uggowitzer. "Design Strategy for Microalloyed Ultra-Ductile Magnesium Alloys for Medical Applications." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.75.

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The aim of this article is to describe the design strategy deployed in developing new bioabsorbable Mg–Y–Zn alloys. The development approach is based on a microalloying concept, which aims to restrict grain growth considerably during alloy casting and forming. We discuss the efficiency of the design approach, and evaluate the characteristics of the new alloys using metal-physical experiments, thermodynamic calculations, and TEM analysis. Our results show that after extrusion the alloys have very fine grains (<10m), exhibit high ductility (uniform elongation: 17–20%) at considerable strength (ultimate tensile strength: 250–270 MPa), and reveal the presence of finely distributed intermetallic particles, which are stable upon annealing. Due to an attractive combination of mechanical, electrochemical and biological properties, the new alloys are very promising not only for applications in medicine but also in other fields.

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31

Kawamura, Naohiko, Yuya Nakao, Rina Ishikawa, Dai Tsuchida, and Masahiro Iijima. "Degradation and Biocompatibility of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Implants In Vitro and In Vivo: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study in Rats." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2020): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020473.

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In current orthodontic practice, miniscrew implants (MSIs) for anchorage and bone fixation plates (BFPs) for surgical orthodontic treatment are commonly used. MSIs and BFPs that are made of bioabsorbable material would avoid the need for removal surgery. We investigated the mechanical, degradation and osseointegration properties and the bone-implant interface strength of the AZ31 bioabsorbable magnesium alloy to assess its suitability for MSIs and BFPs. The mechanical properties of a Ti alloy (TiA), AZ31 Mg alloy (MgA), pure Mg and poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) were investigated using a nanoindentation test. Also, pH changes in the solution and degradation rates were determined using immersion tests. Three-dimensional, high-resolution, micro-computed tomography (CT) of implants in the rat femur was performed. Biomechanical push-out testing was conducted to calculate the maximum shear strength of the bone-implant interface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histological analysis and an evaluation of systemic inflammation were performed. MgA has mechanical properties similar to those of bone, and is suitable for implants. The degradation rate of MgA was significantly lower than that of Mg. MgA achieved a significantly higher bone-implant bond strength than TiA. Micro-CT revealed no significant differences in bone density or bone-implant contact between TiA and MgA. In conclusion, the AZ31 Mg alloy is suitable for both MSIs and BFPs.

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Siroros, Nad, Ricarda Merfort, Yu Liu, Maximilian Praster, Frank Hildebrand, Roman Michalik, and Jörg Eschweiler. "In Vitro Investigation of the Fixation Performance of a Bioabsorbable Magnesium ACL Interference Screw Compared to a Conventional Interference Screw." Life 13, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13020484.

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An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common treatment for patients with ACL rupture that aims to regain pre-injury knee stability and kinematics. During the ACL reconstruction, one method to fix the graft is the use of an interference screw (IS). The IS should provide initial stability and secure the graft during the healing period. In recent years, magnesium has emerged as an alternative material to permanent metal and polymer ISs. In addition, differences in designs, such as the shape of the IS, can influence the fixation performance of the IS. Therefore, in this biomechanical experiment, two different screw designs with two ligament materials were compared in an insertion and a pull-out test at a rate of 1 mm/s. The screw designs were a conventional polymer screw and a magnesium screw. Porcine tendon and nylon rope were used as ligament materials. All tests were performed in polyurethane foam blocks with 15 PCF density (Synbone AG, Switzerland). As a result, both screw designs required an insertion torque of less than 3 Nm. There was a significant difference between the porcine and nylon rope in pull-out tests for each screw design. The magnesium screw had the highest pull-out force at 412.14 ± 50.00 N for porcine tendon and 707.38 ± 21.81 N for nylon rope. There were no significant differences in tunnel widening (narrow–wide ratio) between each ligament material. The magnesium screw showed the lowest narrow–wide tunnel ratio, implying a better ability to compress the graft to the tunnel. In conclusion, a more optimized magnesium IS design resulted in better graft fixation and an improved ACL reconstruction outcome.

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Li, Haiwei, Hongshan Zhong, Ke Xu, Ke Yang, Jing Liu, Bingchun Zhang, Feng Zheng, Yonghui Xia, Lili Tan, and Duo Hong. "Enhanced Efficacy of Sirolimus-Eluting Bioabsorbable Magnesium Alloy Stents in the Prevention of Restenosis." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 18, no. 3 (June 2011): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1583/10-3353.1.

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Yang, Huazhe, Chen Liu, Peng Wan, Lili Tan, and Ke Yang. "Study of second phase in bioabsorbable magnesium alloys: Phase stability evaluation via Dmol3 calculation." APL Materials 1, no. 5 (November 2013): 052104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4828935.

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35

Bowen, Patrick K., Jaroslaw Drelich, and Jeremy Goldman. "A new in vitro–in vivo correlation for bioabsorbable magnesium stents from mechanical behavior." Materials Science and Engineering: C 33, no. 8 (December 2013): 5064–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2013.08.042.

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Lensing, Rebecca, Peter Behrens, Peter Paul Müller, Thomas Lenarz, and Martin Stieve. "In vivo testing of a bioabsorbable magnesium alloy serving as total ossicular replacement prostheses." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 28, no. 5 (January 3, 2013): 688–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328212472246.

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37

Mei, Di, Sviatlana V. Lamaka, Xiaopeng Lu, and Mikhail L. Zheludkevich. "Selecting medium for corrosion testing of bioabsorbable magnesium and other metals – A critical review." Corrosion Science 171 (July 2020): 108722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108722.

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38

Acar, Baver, Ozkan Kose, Adil Turan, Melih Unal, Yusuf Alper Kati, and Ferhat Guler. "Comparison of Bioabsorbable Magnesium versus Titanium Screw Fixation for Modified Distal Chevron Osteotomy in Hallux Valgus." BioMed Research International 2018 (November 19, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5242806.

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Objective. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical and radiological results of magnesium versus titanium screw fixation for modified distal chevron osteotomy in hallux valgus (HV). Materials and Methods. A total of 31 patients who underwent modified distal chevron osteotomy for HV deformity between 2014 and 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Headless magnesium (Mg) compression screw fixation was applied in 16 patients (17 feet) and headless titanium (Ti) compression screw in 15 patients (17 feet). Patients were followed up for at least 12 months with a mean of 19.0 ± 6.8 months in the Mg screw group and 16.2 ± 6.19 in the Ti screw group, respectively (p: 0.234). Clinical results were evaluated using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal (AOFAS-MTP-IP) scale and a visual analogue scale (VAS). The hallux valgus angle (HVA) and intermetatarsal angle (IMA) were measured before and after surgery. Time to osteotomy union and any complications were recorded and compared between the groups. Results. An improvement in the AOFAS-MTP-IP scale and VAS points were recorded in both groups with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p: 0.764 and 0.535, resp.). At the final follow-up examination, HVA and IMA were similar (p: 0.226 and 0.712, resp.). There was no significant loss of correction between the early and final radiographs in respect of HVA and IMA in both groups (p: 0.321 and p: 0.067). Full union of the osteotomy was obtained in all patients. Prolonged (1.5 months) swelling and mild hyperemia around the surgical incision were observed in 1 patient in the Mg group but there was a good response to physical and medical therapy, and the complaints were completely resolved. There were no other significant complications in either group. Conclusion. The results of this study showed that bioabsorbable Mg compression screw fixation has similar therapeutic efficacy to Ti screw fixation in respect of functional and radiological outcomes. Bioabsorbable Mg screw is an alternative fixation material that can be safely used for modified distal chevron osteotomy in HV surgery.

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Sonnow, Lena, Andreas Ziegler, Gesa H. Pöhler, Martin H. Kirschner, Maximilian Richter, Mustafa Cetin, Melih Unal, and Ozkan Kose. "Alterations in magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of bioabsorbable magnesium screws over time in humans: a retrospective single center study." Innovative Surgical Sciences 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iss-2021-0032.

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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine the alterations in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of bioabsorbable magnesium (Mg) screws over time in a single center study in humans. Methods Seventeen patients who underwent medial malleolar (MM) fracture or osteotomy fixation using bioabsorbable Mg screws and had at least one postoperative MRI were included in this retrospective study. Six of them had more than one MRI in the postoperative period and were subject of the artifact reduction measurements. 1.5T or 3T MRI scans were acquired in different periods in each patient. The size and extent of the artifact were assessed independently by two experienced radiologists both quantitatively (distance measurement) and qualitatively (Likert scale). Results In the quantitative measurements of the six follow-up patients the screw’s signal loss artifact extent significantly decreased over the time, regardless of the MRI field strength (p<0.001). The mean artifact reduction was 0.06 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05–0.07) for proton density weighted [PDw] and 0.04 mm (95% CI: 0.03–0.05) for T1 weighted (T1w) sequences per week. The qualitative assessments similarly showed significant artifact reduction in all MRI sequences. Different imaging findings, like bone marrow edema (BME), liquid collections, and gas formation were reported. The overall inter-reader agreement was high (κ=0.88, p<0.001). Conclusions The time-dependent artifact reduction of Mg screws in postoperative controls might indicate the expected self-degradation of the Mg implants. In addition, different MRI findings were reported, which are characteristic of Mg implants. Further MRI studies are required to get a better understanding of Mg imaging properties.

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Lin, Li-Han, Hung-Pang Lee, and Ming-Long Yeh. "Characterization of a Sandwich PLGA-Gallic Acid-PLGA Coating on Mg Alloy ZK60 for Bioresorbable Coronary Artery Stents." Materials 13, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 5538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235538.

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Absorbable magnesium stents have become alternatives for treating restenosis owing to their better mechanical properties than those of bioabsorbable polymer stents. However, without modification, magnesium alloys cannot provide the proper degradation rate required to match the vascular reform speed. Gallic acid is a phenolic acid with attractive biological functions, including anti-inflammation, promotion of endothelial cell proliferation, and inhibition of smooth muscle cell growth. Thus, in the present work, a small-molecule eluting coating is designed using a sandwich-like configuration with a gallic acid layer enclosed between poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) layers. This coating was deposited on ZK60 substrate, a magnesium alloy that is used to fabricate bioresorbable coronary artery stents. Electrochemical analysis showed that the corrosion rate of the specimen was ~2000 times lower than that of the bare counterpart. The released gallic acid molecules from sandwich coating inhibit oxidation by capturing free radicals, selectively promote the proliferation of endothelial cells, and inhibit smooth muscle cell growth. In a cell migration assay, sandwich coating delayed wound closure in smooth muscle cells. The sandwich coating not only improved the corrosion resistance but also promoted endothelialization, and it thus has great potential for the development of functional vascular stents that prevent late-stent restenosis.

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41

Fard, Mohammad Ghasemian, Fariborz Sharifianjazi, Sanam Sadat Kazemi, Hosein Rostamani, and Masoud Soroush Bathaei. "Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing of Magnesium Alloys for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications: From Chemistry to Clinic." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 6 (December 10, 2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6060158.

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Metallic biomedical implants are made from materials such as stainless steel, titanium, magnesium, and cobalt-based alloys. As a degradable biometal, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are becoming more popular for applications in bone tissue engineering. Mg-based alloys have been found to be biocompatible, bioabsorbable, and bioactive, allowing them to be used as orthopedic implants with a low Young’s modulus. Computer-aided design can be used to design scaffolds with intricate porous structures based on patient-specific anatomical data. These models can be materialized rapidly and with reasonably acceptable dimensional accuracy by additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. It is known that lasers are the most widely investigated energy source for AM’ed Mg, as they offer some distinct advantages over other forms of energy. Recent studies have focused on developing biodegradable Mg scaffolds by using laser-based AM techniques. In this paper, we aim to review the recent progress of laser-based AM for Mg alloys and survey challenges in the research and future development of AM’ed Mg scaffolds for clinical applications.

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42

Yamada, Ryuichi, Taito Hosaka, Shoichiro Yoshihara, and Bryan J. MacDonald. "Effect of Equal-Channel Angular Pressing on corrosion behavior of magnesium alloy for bioabsorbable stents." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 69, no. 12 (December 30, 2019): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.69.579.

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Hiromoto, Sachiko. "Biodegradable Materials, Present and Prospects ^|^#x301C;Surface Coatings for Corrosion Control of Bioabsorbable Magnesium^|^#x301C;." Materia Japan 51, no. 7 (2012): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.51.319.

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44

Erbel, Raimund, Carlo Di Mario, Jozef Bartunek, Johann Bonnier, Bernard de Bruyne, Franz R. Eberli, Paul Erne, et al. "Temporary scaffolding of coronary arteries with bioabsorbable magnesium stents: a prospective, non-randomised multicentre trial." Lancet 369, no. 9576 (June 2007): 1869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60853-8.

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45

Gersh, B. J. "Temporary scaffolding of coronary arteries with bioabsorbable magnesium stents: a prospective, non-randomised multicentre trial." Yearbook of Cardiology 2008 (January 2008): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-4145(08)04009-4.

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46

Iorio, Eugenio Di, Rachele Bertolini, Stefania Bruschi, and Andrea Ghiotti. "Design and development of an ultrasonic vibration assisted turning system for machining bioabsorbable magnesium alloys." Procedia CIRP 77 (2018): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2018.09.026.

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47

Wu, Hongliu, Ruopeng Zhang, Xiao Li, Jiahua Ni, Changli Zhao, Yang Song, Jiawei Wang, Shaoxiang Zhang, Yufeng Zheng, and Xiaonong Zhang. "Doping inorganic ions to regulate bioactivity of Ca–P coating on bioabsorbable high purity magnesium." Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 24, no. 5 (October 2014): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2014.08.004.

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48

Choo, Jianrong Tommie, Sean Han Sheng Lai, Camelia Qian Ying Tang, and Gowreeson Thevendran. "Magnesium-based bioabsorbable screw fixation for hallux valgus surgery – A suitable alternative to metallic implants." Foot and Ankle Surgery 25, no. 6 (December 2019): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2018.09.001.

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Gutierrez-Barrios, Alejandro, Livia L. Gheorghe, Santiago Camacho Freire, and German Calle Perez. "TCT-191 Feasibility and Midterm Outcomes of Bioabsorbable Magnesium Scaffold Implantation in Acute Coronary Syndromes." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 74, no. 13 (October 2019): B190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.08.250.

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50

Pinto Slottow, Tina L., Rajbabu Pakala, Rachel J. Lovec, Fermin O. Tio, and Ron Waksman. "Optical coherence tomographic imaging of a bioabsorbable magnesium stent lost in a porcine coronary artery." Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine 8, no. 4 (October 2007): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carrev.2007.09.002.

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