Дисертації з теми "Bio Kinetics"
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Hyder, A. H. M. Golam. "Sorption Characteristics of Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] onto Bone Char and Bio-char." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171833.
Повний текст джерелаConradi, Carsten. "Multistationarity in (bio)chemical reaction networks with mass action kinetics model discrimination, robustness and beyond." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989018172/04.
Повний текст джерелаGu, Xiangyu. "Molten-salt Catalytic Pyrolysis (MSCP): A Single-pot Process for Fuels from Biomass." Digital WPI, 2015. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/504.
Повний текст джерелаConradi, Carsten [Verfasser]. "Multistationarity in (bio)chemical reaction networks with mass action kinetics: model discrimination, robustness and beyond / Carsten Conradi." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1162791837/34.
Повний текст джерелаWilliams, Alexander W. "An investigation of the kinetics for the fast pyrolysis of loblolly pine woody biomass." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41093.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Wei. "The force regulation on binding kinetics and conformations of integrin and selectins using a bio-membrane force probe." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33814.
Повний текст джерелаBakharieva, Ganna, Serhii Petrov, and Tetiana Falalieieva. "Development of the mathematical model of the kinetics of the stationary process of bio-cleaning with substratic inhibition." Thesis, Scientific Route OU, 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/46262.
Повний текст джерелаBashir, Abdala A. "Bio-based Resins and Fillers for Use in Thermosetting Composites." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1574463236644168.
Повний текст джерелаPedrosa, Marcelo Mendes. "Bio-?leo e biog?s da degrada??o termoqu?mica de lodo de esgoto dom?stico em cilindro rotativo." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15915.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this study was to produce biofuels (bio-oil and gas) from the thermal treatment of sewage sludge in rotating cylinder, aiming industrial applications. The biomass was characterized by immediate and instrumental analysis (elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy - SEM, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and ICP-OES). A kinetic study on non-stationary regime was done to calculate the activation energy by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis evaluating thermochemical and thermocatalytic process of sludge, the latter being in the presence of USY zeolite. As expected, the activation energy evaluated by the mathematical model "Model-free kinetics" applying techniques isoconversionais was lowest for the catalytic tests (57.9 to 108.9 kJ/mol in the range of biomass conversion of 40 to 80%). The pyrolytic plant at a laboratory scale reactor consists of a rotating cylinder whose length is 100 cm with capable of processing up to 1 kg biomass/h. In the process of pyrolysis thermochemical were studied following parameters: temperature of reaction (500 to 600 ? C), flow rate of carrier gas (50 to 200 mL/min), frequency of rotation of centrifugation for condensation of bio-oil (20 to 30 Hz) and flow of biomass (4 and 22 g/min). Products obtained during the process (pyrolytic liquid, coal and gas) were characterized by classical and instrumental analytical techniques. The maximum yield of liquid pyrolytic was approximately 10.5% obtained in the conditions of temperature of 500 ?C, centrifugation speed of 20 Hz, an inert gas flow of 200 mL/min and feeding of biomass 22 g/min. The highest yield obtained for the gas phase was 23.3% for the temperature of 600 ?C, flow rate of 200 mL/min inert, frequency of rotation of the column of vapor condensation 30 Hz and flow of biomass of 22 g/min. The non-oxygenated aliphatic hydrocarbons were found in greater proportion in the bio-oil (55%) followed by aliphatic oxygenated (27%). The bio-oil had the following characteristics: pH 6.81, density between 1.05 and 1.09 g/mL, viscosity between 2.5 and 3.1 cSt and highest heating value between 16.91 and 17.85 MJ/ kg. The main components in the gas phase were: H2, CO, CO2 and CH4. Hydrogen was the main constituent of the gas mixture, with a yield of about 46.2% for a temperature of 600 ? C. Among the hydrocarbons formed, methane was found in higher yield (16.6%) for the temperature 520 oC. The solid phase obtained showed a high ash content (70%) due to the abundant presence of metals in coal, in particular iron, which was also present in bio-oil with a rate of 0.068% in the test performed at a temperature of 500 oC.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir biocombust?veis (bio-?leo e g?s), a partir do tratamento t?rmico do lodo de esgoto dom?stico em cilindro rotativo, visando aplica??o industrial. A biomassa foi caracterizada por an?lise imediata e instrumental (An?lise Elementar, Microsc?pica Eletr?nica de Varredura - MEV, Difra??o de Raios-X, Espectroscopia no Infravermelho, ICP-OES). Um estudo cin?tico, em regime n?o estacion?rio foi realizado para o c?lculo da energia de ativa??o por An?lise T?rmica Gravim?trica avaliando os processos termoqu?micos e termocatal?ticos do lodo, sendo este ?ltimo na presen?a da ze?lita USY. Como esperado, a energia de ativa??o avaliada pelo modelo matem?tico "Model-free kinetics" aplicando t?cnicas isoconversionais foi menor para os ensaios catal?ticos (57,9 108,9 kJ/mol, no intervalo de convers?es da biomassa de 40 ? 80%). A planta pirol?tica, em escala de laborat?rio ? constitu?da de um reator de cilindro rotativo cujo comprimento ? 100 cm, com capacidade de processar at? 1 Kg biomassa/h. No processo da pir?lise termoqu?mica foram estudados os seguintes par?metros: temperatura da rea??o (500 ? 600 ?C), vaz?o do g?s de arraste (50 ? 200 mL/min), freq??ncia de rota??o de centrifuga??o (20 ? 30 Hz) para condensa??o do bio-?leo e vaz?o m?ssica de biomassa (4 e 22 g/min). Os produtos obtidos durante o processo (l?quido pirol?tico, carv?o e g?s) foram caracterizados atrav?s de t?cnicas anal?ticas cl?ssicas e instrumentais. O rendimento m?ximo de l?quido pirol?tico foi da ordem de 10,5% obtido nas condi??es de temperatura de 500 ?C, rota??o da centrifuga??o de 20 Hz, vaz?o de g?s inerte de 200 mL/min e vaz?o m?ssica de biomassa 22 g/min. O maior rendimento obtido para a fase gasosa foi de 23,3 %, para a temperatura da rea??o de 600 oC, vaz?o de inerte 200 mL/min, freq??ncia de rota??o da coluna de condensa??o de vapores 30 Hz e vaz?o m?ssica de biomassa de 22 g/min. Os hidrocarbonetos alif?ticos n?o oxigenados foram encontrados em maior propor??o no bio-?leo (55%) seguido pelos compostos alif?ticos oxigenados (27%). O bio-?leo apresentou as seguintes caracter?sticas: pH 6,81, densidade entre 1,05 e 1,09 g/mL, viscosidade entre 2,5 e 3,1 cSt e poder calor?fico superior entre 16,91 e 17,85 MJ/kg. Os principais componentes obtidos na fase gasosa foram: H2, CO, CO2, CH4. O hidrog?nio foi o principal constituinte da mistura gasosa, com rendimento da ordem de 46,2 %, para a temperatura de 600 oC e, dentre os hidrocarbonetos formados, o metano foi encontrado em maior rendimento (16,6 %) para a temperatura 520 oC. A fase s?lida obtida apresentou elevado teor de cinzas (70%), devido ? presen?a abundante de metais no carv?o, em particular, o ferro, o qual esteve tamb?m presente no bio-?leo com um percentual de 0,068 % no ensaio realizado na temperatura de 500 oC
DANTAS, FILHO Francisco Ferreira. "Estudo do bio-óleo e carvão obtido a partir do lodo de tratamento de esgoto sanitário por conversão à baixa temperatura." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2013. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1782.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T13:47:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO FERREIRA DANTAS FILHO - TESE (PPGEP) 2013.pdf: 1757426 bytes, checksum: 5a54b650a305bfccca48540f2323f279 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-20
CNPq
O presente trabalho discorre sobre uma alternativa para mitigar o problema do Lodo de Esgoto Sanitário – LES. Esse resíduo influencia negativamente de várias formas o meio ambiente, destacando-se a poluição das águas superficiais e subterrâneas. Teve como objetivo utilizar a biomassa presente no LES para a produção de combustíveis (Bio-óleo e Carvão). Tratou-se de um estudo experimental com a biomassa obtida na Estação Experimental de Tratamento Biológico de Esgotos Sanitários – EXTRABES, localizada na cidade de Campina Grande – PB. O experimento foi realizado em duas etapas: a primeira correspondente ao estudo termogravimétrico e cinético do LES; a segunda, a obtenção do bio-óleo e carvão oriundo da pirólise do LES, realizado no LABCON, instalado na Universidade Federal Fluminense – UFF. Os resultados obtidos do estudo termogravimétrico nas três razões de aquecimento 5,10 e 15ºC.min-1, constatam uma estabilidade térmica a 30ºC sobre atmosferas de ar sintético e N2. No estudo cinético determinaram-se os seguintes parâmetros: Energia de Ativação (Ea), Fator de frequência (A-1), Desvio padrão (sd) e o Coeficiente linear (r), que foram calculados por termogravimetria pelos métodos Coats-Redfern (CR); Madhusudanan (MD); Van Krevelen (VK) e Horowitz-Metzger (HM). Os espectros de FTIR da amostra do LES apresentaram bandas referentes à água, matéria orgânica e óxidos de silício. O bio-óleo foi obtido através do processo da conversão à baixa temperatura, em atmosfera de nitrogênio, atingindo 380°C com tempo de detenção de 2h. O proc esso de pirólise do LES resultou em 9% de bio-óleo, 57% de carvão e 34% de água de pirólise. Observou-se que o bio-óleo obtido é uma mistura complexa de hidrocarbonetos alifáticos, aromáticos, esteróides, compostos oxigenados e nitrogenados, que foi identificada pelas técnicas FTIR, RMN 1H, CG-EM. O carvão apresentou baixa área superficial, não sendo considerado potencialmente bom suporte catalítico, tanto pela metodologia de Langmuir, SLANG 0,748 m2.g-1 quanto por BET, SBET = 0,695m2.g-1. Os resultados confirmam que à Conversão à Baixa Temperatura é uma técnica promissora, tanto para o destino do LES, quanto para obtenção de biocombustíveis.
The present study discusses an alternative to mitigate Sewage Sludge – SS problem. This residue adversely affects the environment in various ways, highlighting pollution of surface and groundwater. It aimed to use the biomass present in the SS for fuel production (Biooil and coal). It was an experimental study with biomass obtained from the Estação Experimental de Tratamento Biológico de Esgotos Sanitários – EXTRABES, located in the city of Campina Grande – PB. The experiment was conducted in two stages: first corresponding to thermogravimetric and kinetic study of the SS; second, obtainment of biooil and coal originated from the pyrolysis of SS, conducted at LABCOM, installed at the Fluminense Federal University – FFU. The results obtained from the thermogravimetric study in the three heating rates 5, 10 and 15oC min-1, found a thermal stability at 30°C on atmospheres of synthetic air and N2. In the kinetic study the following parameters were determined: Activation Energy (Ea), frequency factor (A-1), standard deviation (sd) and linear coefficient (r), that were calculated by thermogravimetry by the Coats-Redern (CR); Madhusudanan (MD); Van Krevelen (VK) and Horowitz-Metzger (HM) methods. The FTIR spectrums from the SS sample presented bands related to water, organic matter and silicon oxides. The biooil was obtained through the conversion at low temperature process, in nitrogen atmosphere, reaching 380oC with holding time of 2h. The pyrolysis process of the SS resulted in 9% of biooil, 57% of coal and 34% of pyrolysis water. It was observed that the biooil obtained is a complex mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatics, steroids, nitrogenous and oxygenated compounds, which was identified by the FTIR, RMN 1H, CG-EM techniques. The coal presented low superficial area, not being considered a potentially good catalytic support, by the Langmuir methodology, SLANG 0,748 m2.g-1 as well as the BET, SBET = 0,695m2.g-1. The results confirm that the Conversion at Low Temperature is a promising technique, for both the destination of the SS as well as for the obtainment of biofuels.
Namysl, Sylvain. "Experimental study of the formation of pollutants during the combustion of bio-oil surrogate molecules." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0279.
Повний текст джерелаIn 2016, fossil fuels represented about 80% of the world total primary energy supply. However, this resource is limited and has a huge impact on the environment pollution because of the production of greenhouse gases. In order to drastically reduce greenhouse gases emissions, a focus on biofuels, and especially bio-oils, is made in the industrial world and for transportation. The IMPROOF project is funded by the European Union under the SPIRE framework. Its objective is to improve the energy efficiency in the case of steam cracking furnaces by 20% and in parallel to decrease by 25% per ton of ethylene the emission of pollutants like NOx or greenhouse gases. This PhD is focused on the part concerning the use of alternative fuels and especially bio-oils for the heating of the steam cracking furnaces. To better assess bio-oil oxidation or pyrolysis, a bibliographical review about the publications dealing with the composition of bio-oils have been performed. From this review, it comes out that bio-oils could be described as a mixture composed of six main types of chemical compounds: alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, furans and derivatives, oxygenated aromatic compounds and nitrogen organic compounds. In order to complete some detected lack in the literature, the aim of this thesis was to produce a new experimental dataset for molecules owning to the five first chemical families previously presented. A jet-stirred reactor was chosen to perform the experiments, due to its homogeneity in concentration and composition. This kind of “ideal” reactor is indeed convenient for the development of reliable data for the development and validation of kinetic models. During this work, eight fuels were selected and studied: n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-butanal, n-pentanal, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, furan and benzaldehyde. For each fuel, the experimental results were used to develop and validate a kinetic model. Those models were afterward used to study the decomposition pathways of the studied species
Ramirez, Lancheros Helena. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation cinétique de l'oxydation, l'auto-inflammation et la combustion de carburants Diesel et bio-Diesel." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717701.
Повний текст джерелаNait, Saidi Chourouk. "Modélisation de la conversion thermique de carburants verts de type bio-huiles." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAE010.
Повний текст джерелаProduction of bio-oils through thermochemical biomass conversion is a promising process for biorefining. While gas phase kinetics of bio-oil conversion has been improving, its liquid phase reactivity is currently poorly understood. The aim work of my thesis is about the understanding of detailed kinetics mechanism of biomass thermochemical decomposition at low temperature range in the liquid phase. As mentionned by Basu (June 2010); Nakamura et al. (2007a,b); Kawamoto (2017) a liquid phase is observed during the initial stage of biomass pyrolysis. In this study, we will try to model the initial stage of biomass pyrolysis. To our knowledge, no modelling study of the rate of reactions in the liquid phase has been proposed for biomass pyrolysis. The investigation of liquid phase reactions of such complex systems requires a good knowledge of solvent effects. We compared the prediction capabilities of COSMO-SAC with those of the Abraham solvation model, by considering the COMPSOL database of Moine (2017) as the reference data. We then proposed a re-parametrization of these COSMO-SAC models that leads to much better predictions, and extended these models to CPCM cavities(Nait Saidi et al. (2020)). Predictive methods based on ab initio calculations can be very accurate for predicting gas phase thermochemical properties and are usually more versatile than group contribution methods. An extension of Paulechka and Kazakov (2017) ab initio prediction method of enthalpies of formation was proposed in this study (Mielczarek et al. (2019)) and used for biomass compounds. We then used Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG) to investigate the possible reaction mechanism of different Tar surrogate compounds of biomass decomposition. The surrogate compounds that we chose are Creosol, guaiacol and methoxy vinylphenol to model the lignin. This work can be considered as an extension of the gas phase reaction mechanism of pyrolysis proposed by Ranzi(2017a,b) taking in consideration the primary tar recombination/polymerisation reaction that occur in the temperature range 100°C to 300°C.To model the kinetics of the key reaction, we investigated the transitional state using Gaussian 09 and ORCA. We then estimated the kinetics parameters using Transitional State Theory with Kisthelp tool (Canneauxet al. (2014)) and liquid phase kinetics approach based on the gas phase kinetics and solvation free energies correction (Jalan et al. July 2013)
Xavier, Francisco José Seixas. "Bio-resolução de adutos de Morita-Baylis-Hillman mediada pela enzima Lipase CALB:bioatividade de seus enantiômeros puros." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7090.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This work aimed to perform the kinetic bioresolution of Morita Baylis Hillman adducts (MBHA) using CALB lipase derived from Candida Antarctica fungus. Initially three MBHA we synthesized using acrylonitrile and m e p nitro benzaldehyde. Subsequently the respective acetates from MBHA were prepared in high yields using acetyl chloride and TEA. Methodologies for bioresolution of AMBH (obtained from nitro aldehydes m e p) were successfully developed producing the R enantiomers with 99.9% of enantiomeric excess determined by gas chromatography (using the beta cyclodextrin chiral column). However, using the same methodology it was not possible performed the bioresolution of AMBH derived from the o-benzaldehyde. To obtain the S enantiomers, the hydrolysis reactions of esters obtained from biocatalysis were made and separated by liquid chromatography. These hydrolysis reactions were carried out using K2CO3 and methanol, yielding the S enantiomers with 100% and 10% of chemical yields and 86.8% and 97.48% of enantiomeric excesses respectively. Using the method of Mosher through double derivatization chemical shift values obtained from 1H NMR spectra generated a NORS> and NORS 0 <0, which indicates that the absolute configuration of the asymmetric carbon of AMBH hydrolyzed by enzyme is R. The values of [S] D derived from m and p nitro aldehydes (S configuration) are +37 and +30 degrees. The values of [S] D of S corresponding acetates are -7 and -9 degrees respectively. The AMBH obtained from the m nitro aldehyde were bioavaliados in vitro in a R/S, R and S forms. The racemate was the most effective on L. braziliensis promastigotes and the S enantiomer was the lowest active. In the cell cytotoxicity analysis which were evaluated in the safe murine macrophages, the racemate was the most cytotoxic and the S enantiomer the less cytotoxic (some cytotoxicity were only observed at concentrations over 40 mg/mL) concluding that all evaluated compounds were more cytotoxic for L. braziliensis parasite that the safe macrophage.
Nesse trabalho visou-se a bio-resolução cinética dos Adutos de Morita Baylis Hillman (AMBH) utilizando a Lipase CALB derivada do fungo Candida Antarctica. Inicialmente foram sintetizados três AMBH usando acrilonitrila e os respectivos o, m e p nitrobenzaldeídos. Subsequentemente os seus respectivos acetatos foram preparados em altos rendimentos, usando cloreto de acetila e TEA. Foram desenvolvidas com êxito, metodologias para a bio-resolução dos AMBH oriundos dos nitroaldeídos m e p, obtendo os enantiômeros R com excessos enantioméricos de 99,9%, determinados pela técnica de cromatografia gasosa, usando à coluna quiral beta ciclodextrina e fase móvel (N2). Porém usando as metodologias acima não foi possível a bio-resolução do AMBH derivado do o-benzaldeído. Para obter os enantiômeros S, foram feitas as reações de hidrólise dos respectivos ésteres devidamente separados por cromatografia líquida das reações de biocatálise. As reações de hidrólise foram feitas usando K2CO3 e metanol, obtendo-se os enantiômeros S com rendimentos químicos de 100% e 10% e excessos enantioméricos de 86,8% e 97,48% respectivamente. Usando o método de Mosher através da dupla derivatização os valores de deslocamentos químicos obtidos dos espectros de RMN1H geraram um NORS>0 e NORS<0, o que demonstra que a configuração absoluta do carbono assimétrico dos AMBH os quais a enzima hidrolisou é R. Os valores de [S]D oriundos dos AMBH nitroaldeídos m e p (configuração R) são +37 e +30. Os valores de [S]D dos correspondentes acetatos S são -7 e -9 respectivamente. O AMBH oriundo do m-nitroaldeído nas formas R/S, R e S foram bioavaliados in vitro. A mistura racêmica foi a que se apresentou mais efetiva sobre promastigotas de L. braziliensis, e a substância S foi a que apresentou a menor atividade. Na análise de citotoxicidade celular no macrófago sadio de murinos observou-se que a mistura racêmica foi a mais citotóxica e o S o menos citotóxico (citotoxidade apenas a partir da concentração de 40 Xg/mL) constatando que todas as substâncias avaliadas foram mais citotóxicas para o parasita do que para macrófagos.
Nguyen, Tien Cuong. "In-situ and ex-situ multi-scale physical metrologies to investigate the destructuration mechanisms of lignocellulosic matrices and release kinetics of fermentescible cellulosic carbon." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0036/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of biofuels and chemicals production of petroleum substitutes from renewable carbon, bioconversion of lignocellulose biomasses is currently a major challenge. The limited knowledge of liquefaction and saccharification mechanisms stands as the main factor which penalizes bio-refinery progress. The present work is centred on the development of in-situ(viscosimetry, focus beam reflectance measurement) and ex-situ (rheometry, diffraction light scattered, morphometry, decantation…) physical and biochemical analysis to expand our understanding of the destructuration mechanisms of lignocellulose fibres and to characterise the release kinetics of fermentable cellulosic carbon. Model (microcrystalline cellulose,Whatman paper) and industrial (paper-pulp, sugarcane bagasse) lignocellulose matrices under a large range of hydrolysis conditions (1% up to 30%w/v and 0.1 up to 0.5mL enzyme/g cellulose) were studied during 24h hydrolysis experiments (pertinent period to appreciate transfer limitations). Our scientific results allow:- to propose and validate the in-situ measurements of the suspension viscosity and chord length distribution together with its conversion into particle size distribution.- to demonstrate the impact of the substrate nature and concentration and of the enzymatic ratios on the evolution of physical- and biochemical parameters during hydrolysis. Their impacts on transfer phenomena were quantified.- to establish phenomenological models for rheological behaviour of initial suspensions.- to describe all physical (viscosity, particle size) and biochemical (substrate and product) kinetics by second order reaction models.- to demonstrate that, for high dry matter concentration hydrolysis, a cumulative feeding substrate strategy allows considerably reducing the transfer limitations linked to high concentrations and to control the glucose production kinetics
Fowler, Terry-Ann. "Kinetics of the ferric sulphate leaching of sphalerite and sphalerite/pyrite mixtures : a study of the chemical leaching of base metal minerals under conditions similar to that of bio-leaching by thiobacilli." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21699.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this dissertation is an investigation of-the ferric leaching of zinc from sphalerite. A further aspect of this study was an investigation of the influence of pyrite on the dissolution rate of sphalerite due to possible galvanic interactions. This study is one component of a larger study of the sub-processes involved in the bioleaching of sulphide minerals in which the ferric leaching of the sulphide mineral is assumed to be a chemical step with the bacteria oxidising ferrous iron to ferric iron and elemental sulphur, if formed, to sulphate. The literature showed that two types of model have been used to describe the ferric leaching of the sphalerite. The first type was a shrinking-particle model in which there action was described by first order kinetics or an electrochemical mechanism. The second type included a mass transfer resistance in terms of a shrinking-core model described by half-order kinetics or a decaying diffusion coefficient. All four of these models were tested for their ability to predict published data for the ferric leaching of sphalerite. It was found that the models fitted the data for the initial period of a leach up to conversions of about 50%. However, no one of the models was found to be successful in predicting the data for prolonged leaching to high conversions.
Leung, Suet-ying, and 梁雪瑩. "A study of step kinetics by kinetic Monte Carlo simulation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226322.
Повний текст джерелаOliveira, Samuel Alves de. "Avalia??o cin?tica e potencial do Nb2O5 obtido a partir de um complexo de ni?bio para forma??o do oleato de metila atrav?s da rea??o de esterifica??o do ?cido oleico." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15854.
Повний текст джерелаAmong the heterogeneous catalysts materials made from niobium show up as an alternative to meet the demand of catalysts for biodiesel production. This study aims to evaluate the potential of a heterogeneous catalyst derived from a complex of niobium in the reaction of methyl esterification of oleic acid. The catalyst was synthesized after calcination at different temperatures of a niobium complex ((NH4)3[NbO(C2O4)3].H2O) generating a niobium oxide nanostructure with a different commercial niobium oxide used to synthesize the complex. The commercial niobium oxide, the complex niobium and niobium catalyst were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG and DTA), surface area analysis (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), showing the catalyst has researched morphological and crystallographic indicating a catalytic potential higher than that of commercial niobium oxide characteristics. Factorial with central composite design point, with three factors (calcination temperature, molar ratio of alcohol/oleic acid and mass percentage of catalyst) was performed. Noting that the optimal experimental point was given by the complex calcination temperature of 600?C, a molar ratio alcohol/oleic acid of 3.007/1 and the catalyst mass percentage of 7.998%, with a conversion of 22.44% oleic acid in methyl oleate to 60 min of reaction. We performed a composite linear and quadratic regression to determine an optimal statistical point of the reaction, the temperature of calcination of the complex at 450?C, the molar ratio of alcohol/oleic acid 3.3408/1 and mass percentage of catalyst of 7.6833% . Kinetic modeling to estimate parameters for heterogeneous catalysis it set well the experimental results with a final conversion of 85.01% with 42.38% of catalyst and without catalyst at 240 min reaction was performed. Allowing to evaluate the catalyst catalytic studied has the potential to be used in biodiesel production
Dentre os catalisadores heterog?neos os materiais a base de ni?bio mostram-se como uma alternativa para suprir a demanda de catalisadores para a produ??o de biodiesel. O presente trabalho visa avaliar o potencial de um catalisador heterog?neo derivado de um complexo de ni?bio na rea??o de esterifica??o met?lica do ?cido oleico. O catalisador foi sintetizado ap?s a calcina??o em diferentes temperaturas de um complexo de ni?bio ((NH4)3[NbO(C2O4)3].H2O) gerando um ?xido de ni?bio com uma nanoestrutura diferente do ?xido de ni?bio comercial, usado para sintetizar o complexo. O ?xido de ni?bio comercial, o complexo de ni?bio e o catalisador de ni?bio foram caracterizados por termogravimetria (TG e DTA), an?lise de ?rea superficial (BET), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e difra??o de raios-X (DRX), demostrando que o catalisador pesquisado possui caracter?sticas morfol?gicas e cristalogr?ficas que indicam um potencial catal?tico superior ao ?xido de ni?bio comercial. Foi realizado um planejamento fatorial composto com ponto central, com tr?s fatores (temperatura de calcina??o, raz?o molar de ?lcool/?cido oleico e percentual m?ssico de catalisador). Verificando que o ponto ?timo experimental se deu mediante a temperatura de calcina??o do complexo em 600?C, uma raz?o molar de ?lcool/?cido oleico de 3,007/1 e percentual m?ssico de catalisador de 7,998%, apresentando uma convers?o de 22,44% do ?cido oleico em oleato de metila em 60 min de rea??o. Realizou-se uma regress?o linear e quadr?tica composta para se determinar de um ponto ?timo estat?stico da rea??o, sendo a temperatura de calcina??o do complexo em 450?C, raz?o molar de ?lcool/?cido oleico de 3,3408/1 e percentual m?ssico de catalisador de 7,6833%. Foi realizada uma modelagem cin?tica para estima??o de par?metros para a cat?lise heterog?nea que se ajustou satisfatoriamente aos resultados experimentais com uma convers?o final de 85,01% com catalisador e de 42,38% sem o catalisador em 240 min de rea??o. Permitindo avaliar que o catalisador estudado possui potencial catal?tico para ser utilizado na produ??o de biodiesel
Monton, Silva Alejandro <1988>. "Structural and kinetic characterization of DNA polymerases I and III from Escherichia coli." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6794/.
Повний текст джерелаCosta, da Cruz Ana Rita. "Compositional and kinetic modeling of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis from lignocellulosic biomass." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1006/document.
Повний текст джерелаFast pyrolysis is one of the thermochemical conversion routes that enable the transformation of solid lignocellulosic biomass into liquid bio-oils. These complex mixtures are different from oil fractions and cannot be directly integrated into existing petroleum upgrading facilities. Indeed, because of their high levels of oxygen compounds, bio-oils require a dedicated pre-refining step, such as hydrotreating, to remove these components.The aim of the present work is to understand the structure, composition and reactivity of bio-oil compounds through modeling of experimental data. To understand the structure and composition, molecular reconstruction techniques, based on analytical data, were applied generating a synthetic mixture, whose properties are consistent with the mixture properties. To understand the reactivity, the hydrotreating of two model molecules was studied: Guaiacol and Furfural. A deterministic and stochastic model were created for each compounds. The deterministic approach intended to retrieve a range of kinetic parameters, later on refined by the stochastic simulation approach into a new model. This approach generates an reaction network by defining and using a limited number of reaction classes and reaction rules. To consolidate the work, the synthetic mixture was used in the stochastic simulation of the hydrotreating of bio-oils, supported by the kinetics of the model compounds.In sum, the present work was able to recreate the light fraction of bio-oil and simulate the hydrotreating of bio-oils, via the kinetic parameters of model compounds, which can reasonably predict the effluents of the hydrotreating of these, but are unsuitable for bio-oil.Fast pyrolysis is one of the thermochemical conversion routes that enable the transformation of solid lignocellulosic biomass into liquid bio-oils. These complex mixtures are different from oil fractions and cannot be directly integrated into existing petroleum upgrading facilities. Indeed, because of their high levels of oxygen compounds, bio-oils require a dedicated pre-refining step, such as hydrotreating, to remove these components.The aim of the present work is to understand the structure, composition and reactivity of bio-oil compounds through modeling of experimental data. To understand the structure and composition, molecular reconstruction techniques, based on analytical data, were applied generating a synthetic mixture, whose properties are consistent with the mixture properties. To understand the reactivity, the hydrotreating of two model molecules was studied: Guaiacol and Furfural. A deterministic and stochastic model were created for each compounds. The deterministic approach intended to retrieve a range of kinetic parameters, later on refined by the stochastic simulation approach into a new model. This approach generates an reaction network by defining and using a limited number of reaction classes and reaction rules. To consolidate the work, the synthetic mixture was used in the stochastic simulation of the hydrotreating of bio-oils, supported by the kinetics of the model compounds.In sum, the present work was able to recreate the light fraction of bio-oil and simulate the hydrotreating of bio-oils, via the kinetic parameters of model compounds, which can reasonably predict the effluents of the hydrotreating of these, but are unsuitable for bio-oil
Jalab, Chadi. "Contribution à l'étude de la sollicitation du métabolisme aérobie au cours d'un 100 m nage libre." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2265/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe bioenergetic model proposed by P.E. di PRAMPERO explains performance in most human locomotions (running, cycling, swimming, ...) using indexes of metabolic power and energy cost of locomotion. Nevertheless, for 100-m front crawl events, environmental conditions make the aerobic power measurement difficult. The main purpose of this thesis is therefore to propose a new procedure to estimate aerobic responses during a 100-m front crawl event, performed in competition conditions. Trained swimmers participated to this study. In a 25-m swimming pool, the procedure includes a 100-m front crawl performance in competition conditions, and then, three tests (25-m, 50-m, 75-m) following the pacing strategy of the 100-m event. VO2 is not measured during the tests, but before and just at the end of each test with a breath-by-breath method. Each post-test VO2 (after 25m, 50m, 75m and 100m) allows to reconstruct the VO2 kinetics of the 100-m performance. The results differ from previous studies in that VO2 increases faster in the first half of the race (at 50m, VO2 ± 94%VO2max), reaches VO2max at the 75th meter; then a decrease in VO2 corresponding to 7% of VO2max appears during the last 25m. The estimation of aerobic contribution shows higher values than those previously published, because VO2max is reached very early during the race
Pastor, Poquet Vicente. "Experimental and modeling assessment of the main bio-physical-chemical mechanisms and kinetics in high-solids anaerobic digestion of organic waste High-Solids Anaerobic Digestion requires a tradeoff between Total Solids, Inoculum-to-Substrate Ratio and Ammonia Inhibition Semi-continuous Mono-digestion of OFMSW and Co-digestion of OFMSW with Beech Sawdust: Assessment of the Maximum Operational Total Solid Content High-solids anaerobic digestion model for homogenized reactors Non-Ideal Bio-Physical-Chemical Effects on High-Solids Anaerobic Digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2206.
Повний текст джерелаThe organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) includes readily biodegradable wastes such as food waste, and slowly biodegradable wastes such as lignocellulosic materials. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a mature treatment biotechnology in which OFMSW is decomposed to a mixture of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), known as biogas. Due to the elevated CH4 content (50-70%), biogas can be used as a source of renewable energy. Moreover, AD yields a partially stabilized digestate, allowing the recycle of nutrients to agriculture. High-solids anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) is a well-suited strategy to enhance the overall AD efficiency for OFMSW treatment. HS-AD is operated at a total solid (TS) content ≥ 10%, permitting to reduce the reactor size and overall operational costs. Nonetheless, the TS increase can result into biochemical instability, and even reactor failure by acidification. Both the high organic load and the buildup of inhibitors can be responsible for the HS-AD instability. The most notable inhibitor in HS-AD of OFMSW is NH3. Therefore, a balance is often required between enhancing the HS-AD economy and the ‘undesired’ instability for OFMSW treatment. This PhD research investigated the main bio-physical-chemical mechanisms and kinetics in HS-AD of OFMSW, with the aim to optimize the industrial application and maximize the kinetic rates. Laboratory-scale batch and semi-continuous experiments highlighted the main strengths and weaknesses of HS-AD. Simultaneously, the development of a HS-AD model permitted to condense the experimental knowledge about the bio-physical-chemical effects occurring when increasing the TS content in HS-AD.HS-AD batch experiments required a tradeoff between the initial TS, the inoculum-to-substrate ratio (ISR), the alkalinity and the nitrogen content, to assess the effects of increasing the initial TS content upon the methane yield, TS removal and chemical oxygen demand conversion. Particularly, a low ISR led to acidification, whereas the NH3 buildup led to volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation, reducing the methane yield, whether or not co-digestion of OFMSW with beech sawdust was used.In semi-continuous experiments, HS-AD of OFMSW required a reduced effluent compared to the influent to counterbalance the organic mass removal associated to the biogas production. Nonetheless, mono-digestion of readily-biodegradable OFMSW could not sustain a TS ≥ 10% without exacerbating the risk of substrate overload. Overloading was associated to the high biodegradability and the NH3 buildup. Thus, adding sawdust to OFMSW permitted to operate the reactors up to 30% TS, due to the lower biodegradability and nitrogen content of lignocellulosic substrates. As the main novelty of this PhD research, a HS-AD model based on the Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) was developed. This model simulates the reactor mass and TS in HS-AD, in contrast of models focusing on ‘wet’ AD simulations (TS < 10%). Moreover, the HS-AD model considers also the TS concentration effect on soluble species. A ‘non-ideal’ bio-physical-chemical module, modifying predominantly the acid-base equilibriums, was subsequently coupled to the HS-AD model. Noteworthy, HS-AD is often characterized by a high ionic strength (I ≥ 0.2 M), affecting the pH, NH3 concentration and CO2 liquid-gas transfer, as the most important triggers for HS-AD inhibition. The HS-AD model calibration required multiple experimental datasets to circumvent parameter non-identifiability. The model calibration showed that HS-AD of OFMSW might be operated at I up to 0.9 M and NH3 up to 2.3 g N/L, particularly at higher TS (25-30%). Moreover, the model calibration suggested that the non-competitive NH3 inhibition should be further tested. Further HS-AD model developments (e.g. precipitation) were also recommended. All these results might aid in the optimization of HS-AD for organic waste treatment, renewable energy and nutrient recovery
Durfee, Lucille J. "BIO-MATHEMATICS: INTRODUCTION TO THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE HEPATITIS C VIRUS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/428.
Повний текст джерелаKempen, Antoine. "Solid state phase transformation kinetics." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964251191.
Повний текст джерелаKempen, Antonius Theodorus Wilhelmus. "Solid state phase transformation kinetics." Stuttgart : Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB9795832.
Повний текст джерелаMilovanović, Nebojša. "A study of controlled auto ignition (CAI) combustion in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19906.
Повний текст джерелаVidaković, Tanja. "Kinetics of methanol electrooxidation on PtRu catalysts in a membrane electrode assembly Kinetik der Elektrooxidation von Methanol an PtRu Katalysatoren auf einer Membranelektrode /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976036134.
Повний текст джерелаShaheen, Zeiwar Hussein [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Rogg, and Viktor [Akademischer Betreuer] Scherer. "Development of detailed and reduced bio-diesel kinetic chemical mechanisms / Zeiwar Hussein Shaheen. Gutachter: Bernd Rogg ; Viktor Scherer." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082425818/34.
Повний текст джерелаErcan, Bayram. "Substitution Kinetics Of The Pentacarbonylbis(trimethylsilyl)ethynetungsten(0) With Triphenylbismuthine." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604980/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерела#951
2-btmse), and triphenylbismuthine, BiØ
3, yields pentacarbonyltriphenylbismuthinetungsten(0), W(CO)5(BiØ
3), as the sole product. The kinetics of the substitution of btmse by BiØ
3 was studied by means of quantitative FT-IR Spectroscopy. The starting complex was prepared photochemically from hexacarbonyltungsten, W(CO)6, in the presence of excess btmse in n-hexane and identified by FT-IR and NMR Spectroscopies. The substitution reactions were performed in cyclohexane solutions at different concentrations of both leaving and entering ligand to observe the dependence of observed rate constant, kobs, on the concentration of entering and leaving ligands and also, at different temperatures to evaluate the activation enthalpy (&
#8710
H&
#8800
) and the activation entropy (&
#8710
S&
#8800
). The IR extinction coefficients for CO stretching were determined for both the starting complex W(CO)5(&
#951
2-btmse), and the product W(CO)5(BiØ
3). Quantitative IR Spectroscopy does not show any significant reduction in the total amount of substance (material balance). Formation of W(CO)6 (in small amount) was attributed to the decomposition of the product, W(CO)5BiØ
3. From the evaluation of kinetic data, a mechanism was proposed in which the rate determining step is the cleavage of btmse ligand from the starting complex, W(CO)5(&
#951
2-btmse) and the formation of solvated complex, W(CO)5(solvent). Thus, the reaction is essentially dissociative. The large positive value of activation entropy (&
#8710
S&
#8800
) and large value of activation enthalpy (&
#8710
H&
#8800
) are indicative of a dissociative mechanism.
Rouch, Matthias. "Contribution à la compréhension des mécanismes de vieillissement hydrothermique de matériaux composites unidirectionnels polyester insaturé/fibre de lin." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC210/document.
Повний текст джерелаA great number of plant fiber – reinforced polymer composites allowed substantial lightening of structures in various fields of application. However, the question remains about the durability of these parts in service, mainly for lack of knowledge about the aging of plant fibers, their interactions with the polymer matrix and the hydrothermal behavior of biosourced composites over time. In this work, water absorption mechanisms and kinetics by the composite material are studied in order to understand the hydric behavior during hydrothermal aging by immersion in deionized water at 23°C or 70°C. The results show that water absorption by the composite is characterized by a high water uptake and an anisotropic swelling. It also allowed the identification of the degradation mechanisms of flax fibers; the very harmful role of bark residues recalls the importance of retting and decortication on the performance of these fibers.The investigation of the behaviors of the constituents and the composite under hydrothermal aging was then undertaken with the aim to identify and quantify the influence of each on the constituent materials, as well as their synergy. It shows that the deterioration of the flax fibers is the main cause of the reduction of the mechanical properties of the composite. If immersion at 23 ° C for 70 days has little effect on the mechanical properties, raising the temperature to 70 ° C induces significant damage from 14 days of immersion. The destruction of the cell walls and the degradation of the fiber/matrix interfaces due to water deteriorate the load transfer efficiency by the fiber/matrix interface. The correlation between accelerated and natural aging showed a similarity between holding for 70 days in water at 23 ° C and exposure to natural conditions for 24 months; immersion at 70 ° C is too severe. An improvement solution would be to increase the retting of the fibers in order to further remove the pectic compounds from the middle lamella and the primary wall. The elimination of these compounds easily hydrolysable by water would claim to a better quality of the fiber / matrix interface throughout aging
鄭聯喜 and Lianxi Zheng. "Growth kinetics of GaN during molecular beam epitaxy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242741.
Повний текст джерела葉偉德 and Wai-tak Yip. "Laser induced fluorescence - construction of the apparatus and kineticstudies of the O(3P)+I2 reaction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212736.
Повний текст джерелаSchubert, Frank. "Visualization, kinetics, and thermodynamics of DNA-protein interactions." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976174790.
Повний текст джерелаChan, Wing-wai Stephen, and 陳永偉. "The comparison of recovery kinetics of oxygen consumption and heart rate between children and adults: a practicalsuggestion on maximizing the usage of recovery kinetics in clinicalsetting." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257367.
Повний текст джерела洪克賢 and Newman Hung. "Recovery kinetics in Chinese children with simple repaired congenital heart disease." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257227.
Повний текст джерелаWoo, Chit-shing Jackson, and 胡哲誠. "Ochratoxin A: endocrine disruption potential,transplacental kinetics and maternal exposure assessment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4979954X.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Biological Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
劉新權 and Sing-quan Lew. "Kinetic and mechanistic study of reactions of hydroxy, methoxy, methylthio, methylseleno and amino derivatives of some heterocyclicand homocyclic polyenes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31232322.
Повний текст джерелаSukumaran, Murali. "Photophysical kinetics in TICT-forming compounds-derivates of DMABN." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975654411.
Повний текст джерелаEurich, Frank. "Coarse-Grained Models for the Kinetics of Polymeric Systems." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10162244.
Повний текст джерелаNitsche, Heiko. "Kinetics of crystallization in amorphous alloys nucleation and growth /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11947826.
Повний текст джерелаBikas, Georgios. "Kinetic mechanisms for hydrocarbon ignition." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964932857.
Повний текст джерелаSchultz, Martin. "Entwicklung eines metabolisch stabilen Ribozyms gegen die mRNA des Parathormon-verwandten Proteins (PTHrP)." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962880841.
Повний текст джерела遲寧 and Ning Chi. "Deposition and kinetics studies of platinum nanoparticles on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240057.
Повний текст джерелаGrochol, Michal. "Optical properties of semiconductor nanostructures in magnetic field." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=98433663X.
Повний текст джерелаMandreoli, Lorenzo. "Density based Kinetic Monte Carlo Methods." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975329111.
Повний текст джерелаQamar, Shamsul. "Kinetic schemes for the relativistic hydrodynamics." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975630040.
Повний текст джерела吳欲勳 and Yuk-fun Ng. "Regulation of mammary tumor cell cycle kinetics and gene expression bydietary fatty acids." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31219779.
Повний текст джерелаZribi, Anis B. "Kinetics of intermetallic growth at the interfaces of soldered metallizations." access full-text online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3047683.
Повний текст джерелаSchacherl, Ralf Erich. "Growth kinetics and microstructure of gaseous nitrided iron chromium alloys." Stuttgart Max-Planck-Inst. für Metallforschung, 2004. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972066217.
Повний текст джерелаHung, Newman. "Recovery kinetics in Chinese children with simple repaired congenital heart disease /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425386.
Повний текст джерела