Статті в журналах: "Bio-evaluation tool"

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Hashemi Farzaneh, Helena, and Lorenz Neuner. "Usability Evaluation of Software Tools for Engineering Design." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 1303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.136.

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AbstractMuch of the work in design research focusses on the development of methods and tools to support engineering designers. Many of these tools are nowadays implemented in software. Due to the strongly growing use of computers and smart devices in the last two decades, the expectations of users increased dramatically. In particular users expect good usability, for example little effort for learning to apply the software. Therefore, the usability evaluation of design software tools is crucial. A software tool with bad usability will not be used in industrial practice. Recommendations for usability evaluation of software often stem from the field of Human Computer Interaction. The aim of this paper is to tailor these general approaches to the specific needs of engineering design. In addition, we propose a method to analyse the results of the evaluation and to derive suggestions for improving the design software tool. We apply the usability evaluation method on a use case - the KoMBi software tool for bio-inspired design. The case study provides additional insights with regards to problem, causes and improvement categories.

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Venkatesh, C., and J. Baskaran. "Development and Performance Evaluation of Bio-Degradable Nanocutting Fluid." International Journal of Nanoscience 18, no. 06 (September 25, 2018): 1850036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x18500369.

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Various cutting fluids are available in the cutting fluid market to provide good machining performances for metal cutting industries. Incidentally, most of the cutting fluids are synthetic and semisynthetic in nature, and although they are beneficial to the industries, they are posing health and environmental issues. Even if these cutting fluids have sufficient properties required for good machining, the major constraints associated with these fluids are their nature of nonbiodegradability and nonfriendliness to the environment. To overcome these difficulties, intense research is carried out to develop biodegradable and effective cutting fluids. In this research, a novel castor oil-based cutting fluid infused with nanomolybdenum (MoS2) particles has been developed and its various machining properties have been investigated. Various important cutting parameters like surface roughness, tool life, and cutting force were investigated using this newly developed biodegradable nanofluid as a cutting fluid. Comparative experimental studies have also been undertaken with sunflower oil blend and conventional synthetic oil. Observed results validated that the newly developed castor oil-based nanofluid improves the surface finish and tool life by minimizing the cutting force developed to the considerable extent.

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Adamowicz, Mieczysław. "Bio-economy as a concept of development strategies in the European Union." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 2, no. 4 (2017): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.24.3001.

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The aim of the study is to present the concept of bio-economy and its development factors, as well as the analysis and evaluation of the use of the bio-economy concept in shaping development strategies in the European Union. Particular attention is paid to bio-economy as part of a sustainable development strategy, implementation of innovations and formation of smart specialization of regions. On the basis of available literature and documents of the European Union, as well as other institutions, bio-economy is presented as a new economic category, and bio-economy development factors and bio-economy itself are presented as a strategic planning tool. One of the key conclusions is the statement that bio-economy, which constitutes an important sector increasing in significance within the real economy, is a new interesting analytical and cognitive concept in economics and also a useful tool in strategic planning development.

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Ruiz, Jose Luis, and Maria del Carmen Salas. "Evaluation of Organic Substrates and Microorganisms as Bio-Fertilisation Tool in Container Crop Production." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110705.

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Microorganisms are only effective when adequate conditions for their survival and development are provided. Among the factors that influence its effectiveness includes the type of soil or culture substrate, which works as an energy source reserve. Therefore, a tomato and a melon crop were established in different cycles to assess the effect of the physicochemical properties of organic substrates based on coconut fibre and vermicompost in three proportions, 0:100, 40:60 and 60:40 (% v:v), on the microbial activity in the rhizosphere when the bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii, Bacillus megaterium and Frateuria aurantia were applied. Concentrations of NO3−, H2PO4−, K+ and Ca2+ in the petiole cellular extract (PCE) were quantified at 60, 90 and 120 days after transplantation (DAT) for tomato and 45 and 65 DAT for melon. We analysed dehydrogenase activity (DHA), acid phosphatase activity (FTA) and β-glucosidase activity (β-GLU). In order to maintain optimal volumetric moisture for the survival of microorganisms, automatic control was used to manage the irrigation frequency between 22%–28%. The results showed that physicochemical substrate properties, by incorporating 40% vermicompost into the coconut fibre mixture, increased enzymatic activity. Plants that were inoculated with Azotobacter vinelandii and Frateuria aurantia showed an improvement in NO3− and K+ assimilation achieving highest yields.

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Struik, T., S. C. Mastbergen, and F. P. Lafeber. "The bio-mechano-reactor: design and evaluation of a novel tool for osteoarthritis research." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 22 (April 2014): S365—S366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2014.02.677.

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Terrier, Mathias, and Emmanuel. "BiomiMETRIC Assistance Tool: A Quantitative Performance Tool for Biomimetic Design." Biomimetics 4, no. 3 (July 10, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics4030049.

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: This article presents BiomiMETRIC, a quantitative performance tool for biomimetic design. This tool is developed as a complement to the standard ISO 18458 Biomimetics—terminology, concepts, and methodology to quantitatively evaluate the biomimetics performance of a design, a project, or a product. BiomiMETRIC is aimed to assist designers, architects, and engineers to facilitate the use of the biomimetic approach beyond the existing frameworks, and to provide an answer to the following question: How can a quantitative evaluation of biomimetic performance be carried out? The biomimetic quantitative performance tool provides a method of quantitative analysis by combining the biomimetic approach with the impact assessment methods used in life-cycle analysis. Biomimetic design is divided into eight steps. The seventh step deals with performance assessment, verifying that the concept developed is consistent with the 10 sustainable ecosystem principles proposed by the Biomimicry Institute. In the application of the biomimetic quantitative performance tool, stone wool and cork are compared as insulation materials used in biomimetic architecture projects to illustrate the relevance and added value of the tool. Although it is bio-based, cork has a lower biomimetic performance according to the indicators used by the biomimetic quantitative performance tool presented in this article.

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TAKAYANAGI, Hiroki, Yutaka TAKAOKI, Chih-hao Huang, Tomokazu TAKAHASHI, Masato SUZUKI, Seiji AOYAGI, and Tsutomu KANZAKI. "1A1-R08 Fabrication and Evaluation of Guide Tool for Inserting Needles to Skin Imitating Mosquito's Labium(Bio-Mimetics and Bio-Mechatronics(1))." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2012 (2012): _1A1—R08_1—_1A1—R08_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2012._1a1-r08_1.

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Osman A. Hameed Sidahmed, Adi Naser Nawasreh, Awab Amin EL Nour, Simon George Abou Haydar, Mohamed Khidr Taha, and William Russel Tate. "Comparative evaluation of pregnancy diagnosis in goats using rapid visual pregnancy test (Bio-RPD) and ultrasonography." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.3.1373.

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Early detection of pregnancy gives breeders, veterinarians, and researchers the necessary information to improve prenatal care, improve the condition of postnatal lambs and kids and increases production efficiency in small ruminants. In this study, it was aimed to compare and evaluate the accuracy of Bio-RPD rapid visual pregnancy test and transabdominal scanning in determining pregnancy status in 64 goats. The obtained results showed that Bio-RPD visual is more accurate than ultrasound scanning at 30 days of pregnancy. Both tests have the same results and accuracy at 45 days of pregnancy. We recommended that BioRPD visual test is a useful, rapid, and accurate tool for early pregnancy diagnosis at the 30th day of pregnancy. Transabdominal scanning could be used as a useful tool for pregnancy diagnosis in goats and small ruminants at 45 days of pregnancy.

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., Ritambhara, and Mukta Sachdev. "Multiparametric composite glow and radiance scale: an objective, scientific assessment tool for skin glow and radiance evaluation." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 8, no. 6 (October 27, 2022): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20222735.

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<p class="abstract">There are numerous instruments available to assess pigmentation in terms of color, melanin, and other factors, but there is no standardized or validated tool to assess a person's glow and radiance. The MSCR- glow and radiance index (G&R)-composite scale was created with the help of a bio-physics background and includes five important factors. The scale is intended to provide an objective, scientific assessment tool for a highly subjective perception caused by numerous skin features. It should be emphasized that the scale is highly sensitive in measuring minor changes in the skin and generating numerical data that can be assessed using various statistical method. The numerical interpretation is also equivalent to measurements produced with a scientific instrument employing optometry principle, as evidenced by comparisons with other instruments. The assessment scale is an amalgamation of sensory visual evaluation with bio-physics that defines the optometric of the skin. The scale has been used to objectively assess skin glow and was found to be a highly sensitive assessment tool to assess all kind of dermatological products designed to provide enhanced glow and radiance.</p>

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Venkatesh, C., S. Balasubramani, and R. Boopathy Pradeep. "Design, Development and Performance Evaluation of Bio-Degradable Nano Cutting Fluid." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 5485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12134.

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Various cutting fluids are available in cutting fluid market to provide good machining performances for metal cutting industries. Incidentally, most of the cutting fluids are synthetic and semi synthetic in nature, though they are beneficial to the industries but they are posing health and environmental issues. Even if these cutting fluids have the sufficient properties required for good machining, the major constraints associated with these fluids are their nature of non-biodegradability and non-friendliness to the environment. To overcome these difficulties, intense research is carried out to develop the biodegradable and effective cutting fluid. In this research, a novel castor oil based cutting fluid infused with nano molybdenum (MoS2) particles has been developed and its various machining properties have been investigated. Various important cutting parameters like surface roughness, tool life, cutting force were investigated using this newly developed biodegradable nano fluid as a cutting fluid. Comparative experimental studies have also been done with sunflower oil blend and conventional synthetic oil. Observed results validated that the newly developed castor oil based nano fluid improves the surface finish, too life by minimizing the cutting force developed to the considerable extent.

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Ladu, Luana, and Prof Piegiuseppe Morone. "Holistic approach in the evaluation of the sustainability of bio-based products: An Integrated Assessment Tool." Sustainable Production and Consumption 28 (October 2021): 911–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.07.006.

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Klein, Kelly R., Dale C. Brandenburg, Jenny G. Atas, and Ann Maher. "The Use of Trained Observers as an Evaluation Tool for a Multi-Hospital Bioterrorism Exercise." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, no. 3 (June 2005): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00002387.

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AbstractIntroduction:Evidence suggests that regular disaster exercises have beneficial effects on subsequent mock and actual disaster responses. The purpose of this report is to describe a multiple hospital, bioterrorism exercise, evaluated by independent observers who used an evaluation template.Methods:The overall tabletop exercise design included participation from 23 Joint Commission Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations hospitals, four health departments, and a representative from one federal agency. The exercise was evaluated by trained exercise observers utilizing an independently prepared, evaluation protocol.Results:All exercise sites successfully identified the bio-agent involved and answered after-exercise debriefing questions without much difficulty. Evaluations, in the form of an after-action report by the independent observers, commented upon the many limitations to the construct of the exercise.Conclusion:Having an independent observer group at the exercise appeared to provide a value-added benefitfor capturing subjective information and data. However, these data were not in a form conducive to statisticalanalysis. Further work is needed to create an evaluation tool that would allow for statistical analysis so that exercises can be compared and improvements can be objective.

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Goswami, Laxmi, N. V. Satheesh Madhav, and Kumud Upadhyaya. "Development and evaluation of bio-nanoparticles as novel drug carriers for the delivery of Selegiline." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 5, no. 4 (March 15, 2016): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v5i4.27018.

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The purpose of the present study was to formulate and evaluate Selegiline loaded bio-nanoparticles for effective treatment of Depression. For the preparation of bio-nanoparticles biomaterial was isolated from fruits of Luffa acutangula by an economic method. The biomaterial recovered from the concentrate was subjected for various physicochemical properties like color, solubility, color changing point and chemical test. Bio-nanoparticles were prepared by modified solvent evaporation method in different batches with variable drug/biomaterial ratio. Prepared batches were subjected for various evaluation studies like particle size, zeta potential, SEM, TEM, surface entrapment, in-vitro diffusion, DSC and stability. Particle size and zeta potential result revealed that all nanoformulation were within range of 110 to 152.7 with slight negative in charge. SEM and TEM study report indicate that formulations were spherical in shape with less or no aggregation. Less surface entrapment leads to better drug entrapped inside nanomatrix. Bio-nanoformulations were capable of releasing the drug in a slow sustained manner. From the present investigation, it may be concluded that biomaterial isolated from fruits of Luffa acutangula used in the preparation of bio-nanoparticle act as an efficient carriers for deliver selegiline at a controlled rate. It may significantly improve the ability to cross blood-brain barrier and serve as an effective tool to treat Depression disease.Goswami et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, March 2016, 5(4): 33-37http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue4/01.pdf

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Gomes, Nathália R., Juliano D. S. Albergaria, Jonathas A. de S. Henriques, Tânia M. P. Amaral, Evandro N. Abdo, Gerluza A. B. Silva, and Cláudia Borges Brasileiro. "Comparison between fractal analysis and radiopacity evaluation as a tool for studying repair of an osseous defect in an animal model using biomaterials." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 48, no. 7 (October 2019): 20180466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20180466.

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Objectives: To evaluate bone repair of an osseous defect in a rat animal model through fractal analysis and radiopacity analysis in radiographic images. Methods: 120 rats were subjected to extraction of their first molar and divided into four groups (n = 6/group) according to the material used for bone grafting: mineralized bovine bone, demineralized bovine bone (DBB), blood clot (BC - control) or Bio-Oss® (BO). The animals were sacrificed after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 49 days and subjected to radiographic evaluation. For fractal analysis (FA), a square regionof interest of 30 × 30 pixels was used, and radiopacity was measured as the mean gray scale (MGS) value for three points of 5 × 5 pixels in the apical, medial and coronal regions of the defect. Histomorphometric evaluation was realized as the gold standard for bone neo-formation and maturation of the new osseous matrix. Results: Histomorphometric evaluation suggested that DBB showed faster mineralized deposition and resulted in more mature bone at the final time point of evaluation. Mineralized bovine bone and Bio-Oss presented similar results. The mineralized groups did not show significant differences in bone maturation. The radiopacity analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the DBB and blood clot groups at the final time point. FA did not show any significant differences at the final time point. Conclusions: Mean gray scale seemed to be more effective for the quantification of bone repair than FA in the demineralized group in this animal model. Results for the mineralized groups did not reveal a significant difference, leading to the conclusion that both methods are effective.

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Gholizadeh, Mohammad, and Mohammad Zibaei. "Evaluation of Fish Farm Effluent Contamination Using Bio-Indicators Based on Macroinvertebrate Communities." Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 21, no. 03 (December 11, 2020): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v21_3_01.

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The progress of the aquaculture industry in Iran as an environmental and economical maintainable process needs an efficient and low-cost tool for regular checking of adjacent environments. Biological monitoring by macroinvertebrate is operative for assessment of water quality. Sampling operation was carried out to investigate the influence of aquaculture wastewater on macroinvertebrate communities at 4 stations over one year (spring, summer, autum and winter) in the Chehel Chai River. 2040 (19% spring, 18% summer, 25% autumn and 38% winter) macroinvertebrate specimens belonging to 6 orders and 14 families were recognized. The most abundance among the stations belonged to the Diptera and Chironomidae. Two groups of macroinvertebrate assemblages (sensitive to tolerance) and three groups of stations (upstream, outfall and down1 and down2) were identified with Heat map analysis. The study was showed that rainbow trout farm most often significantly increase in the influence of fine particulate organic material (FPOM %), NO3 and PO4. According to HFBI results, organic water pollution at different stations was classified as good (upstream), appropriate, relatively poor and poor (outfall). The combined results of the biomarkers were showed that the outfall station had more organic contamination than its predecessor station (relatively poor water quality) which required more efficient management based on the self-purification capacity of the Chehel Chai River.

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Claypool, Joshua T., and D. Raj Raman. "Development and validation of a technoeconomic analysis tool for early-stage evaluation of bio-based chemical production processes." Bioresource Technology 150 (December 2013): 486–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.094.

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Rossi, S., VM Sá-Rocha, D. Kinoshita, A. Genoy-Puerto, T. Zwarg, MR Werneck, LC Sá-Rocha, and ER Matushima. "Flow cytometry as a tool in the evaluation of blood leukocyte function in Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) (Testudines, Cheloniidae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 3 (August 2009): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000400019.

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Chelonia mydas is a sea turtle that feeds and nests on the Brazilian coast and a disease called fibropapillomatosis is a threat to this species. Because of this, it is extremely necessary to determine a methodology that would enable the analysis of blood leukocyte function in these sea turtles. In order to achieve this aim, blood samples were collected from C. mydas with or without fibropapillomas captured on the São Paulo north coast. Blood samples were placed in tubes containing sodium heparin and were transported under refrigeration to the laboratory in sterile RPMI 1640 cell culture medium. Leukocytes were separated by density gradient using Ficoll-PaqueTM Plus, Amershan Biociences®. The following stimuli were applied in the assessment of leukocyte function: Phorbol Miristate-Acetate (PMA) for oxidative burst activity evaluation and Zymosan A (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Bio Particles®, Alexa Fluor® 594 conjugate for phagocytosis evaluation. Three cell populations were identified: heterophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. Monocytes were the cells responsible for phagocytosis and oxidative burst.

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Abd El-Ghaffar, Omnia A., and Magdy M. Khalil. "Evaluation of Laser Bio speckle as a new tool to detect exposure to ionizing radiation: A new dosimetric approach." Optics & Laser Technology 140 (August 2021): 107068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107068.

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Lavet, C., P. Clement-Lacroix, D. Merciris, S. Meurisse, L. Lepescheux, V. Gaillard, P. Pastoureau, P. Deprez, D. Amantini, and P. Ammann. "New cartilage quality evaluation using bio-indentation: effect of a tool dmoad compound active in the rat MNX model." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 24 (April 2016): S386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.694.

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20

Patiño, L. F., U. Azimov, C. P. Tavera-Ruiz, J. M. Castellanos, P. Gauthier-Maradei, and L. Castro. "Design, modelling and optimisation of a small-scale Solar Organic Rankine Cycle system for rural power generation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 897, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/897/1/012003.

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Abstract This research study develops the design and model of a Solar Organic Rankine Cycle (SORC) coupled to a bio-digester for small-scale generation in rural areas, in Betulia, Colombia. Moreover, the model is optimised employing a Genetic Algorithm with the software Matlab and the thermodynamic library CoolProp. The objective variables were the mass flow rate of the working fluid, the pressure and temperature of the expander inlet, the solar collectors’ type and the temperature of the water circuit for the bio-digester. The results indicate an overall efficiency between 8.42 and 9.45% with a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCE) between 3.85 and 5.63 £/W. Additionally, the power output is directly related to the mass flow rate of the working fluid. Likewise, increasing the scale of the SORC decreases the LCE. Finally, the results suggest that a superheated fluid reduces the efficiency and the LCE and can deliver more heat to the bio-digester. It is advisable the utilisation of a scroll expander and a counter-flow plate exchanger with a Direct Vapour Generation configuration. The model is a flexible tool capable of integrating more equations and components, with the evaluation of different fitness functions.

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Safwat, Abdallah Mohsen Mohamed, Laila Mohammed Hammouda, Hosam Ibrahim El-Zembely, and Ismail Ahmed Nagib Omar. "Evaluation of ciliary body by ultrasound bio-microscopy after trans-scleral diode cyclo-photocoagulation in refractory glaucoma." European Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 6 (January 12, 2020): 1335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672119899904.

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Purpose: To evaluate the morphological changes of the ciliary body after diode laser trans-scleral cyclo-photocoagulation using ultrasound bio-microscopy in refractory glaucoma. Settings: This prospective, interventional, non-comparative, non-randomized, longitudinal study was performed on 40 eyes with refractory glaucoma, during the period between February 2016 and March 2018. Methods: All patients were treated with single session diode laser trans-scleral cyclo-photocoagulation. The intraocular pressure was obtained over a period of 3 months after the operation and morphological changes of the ciliary body were observed using ultrasound bio-microscopy. Results: Trans-scleral cyclo-photocoagulation has achieved a reasonable success in reducing intraocular pressure to less than 22 mm Hg without increasing the number of glaucoma medication. The overall success rate was 40%, as the intraocular pressure decreased from a baseline mean value of 54.70 ± 12.27 to 42.45 ± 9.85 mm Hg 1 week after operation, 33.50 ± 8.00 mm Hg after 1 month, and 25.60 ± 6.62 after 3 months of operation. Ultrasound bio-microscopy detected reduction in the length and width of ciliary processes in addition to the ciliary muscle thickness of the treated quadrants. Intraocular pressure was more correlated to the width of the ciliary processes. Conclusion: Trans-scleral cyclo-photocoagulation is a rapid and effective procedure in treatment of refractory glaucoma with intraocular pressure reduction. Ultrasound bio-microscopy is a promising twin tool for cyclo-destructive procedures to detect ciliary body changes and can be used as a guide for re-treatment procedures.

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Afshari, Ali, Margaret Keil, Charalampos Lyssikatos, Elena Belyavskaya, Nuria Valdés, Fatima Chowdhry, Kian Parsa, et al. "Optical Imaging Technology: A Useful Tool to Identify Remission in Cushing Disease After Surgery." Hormone and Metabolic Research 51, no. 02 (January 2, 2019): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0801-8917.

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AbstractWe recently reported the use of optical imaging technology to quantify facial plethora in endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS). In the present study, we studied a larger cohort of patients with Cushing disease (CD) and examined water content fraction as well as blood volume fraction as bio-optic markers for determining the efficacy of this methodology as a predictor of lasting remission after surgery for CS. We imaged 49 patients before and after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for Cushing disease (CD); 22 patients were also seen at 3–6 months, and 13 patients 12 months post-operatively. On all patients, we used multi-spectral imaging (MSI) to evaluate hemodynamic distributions as well as water content at a specific area of the face. We found a decrease in blood volume fraction after vs. before surgical treatment in the tested facial area in 37 of the 40 patients, as determined with biochemical markers (p<0.001). All patients that were followed up for up to 12 months showed the same decrease from preoperative values and they remained in remission from CD. We conclude that MSI can be used for the evaluation of remission from CD, at least in the immediate post-operative period and up to one year after surgery. The use of this technology can supplement biochemical and other testing for the evaluation of the various treatment modalities available for patients with CD.

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Bibi, Tauqeer, Zohaib Khurshid, Ambreen Rehman, Eisha Imran, Kumar Chandan Srivastava, and Deepti Shrivastava. "Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF): A Diagnostic Tool for the Detection of Periodontal Health and Diseases." Molecules 26, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051208.

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The methodologies applicable for the evaluation of periodontal associated diseases are constantly evolving to provide quick, realistic, and scientifically proven results. Trends in the past followed a clinical evaluation of periodontal tissues and radiographic-based reports that formed the foundation for detection of diseases involving the structures supporting the teeth. As the confines and limitations of conventional strategies became obvious over the passage of time, hand in hand variety of techniques have evolved and experimentally justified. These improvisations are based on an improved understanding of the periodontal-pathogenic cascade. Periodontal pathogenesis and a paradigm shift from disease understanding to disease prevention and treatment entail few prerequisites that demand the objectivity of diagnostics procedure that includes sensitivity and specificity along with an explanation of the intensity of the disease, Gingival crevicular fluid an oral bio-fluid resides in the close proximity with gingival tissues have been widely used to understand and differentiate the periodontal health and diseased status. The biomarkers present in the GCF can be a reliable tool to detect the minute changes seen in the disease processes. The GCF consists of various host and bacterial-derived products as well as biomarkers which in turn can be evaluated for the diagnosis, prognosis as well as management of the periodontal disease. Thus, the review aims at describing GCF as a potential oral biofluid helpful in differentiating periodontal health and disease status.

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Tan, Aik Sian, Jaymeer Singh, Nurul Syafiqah Rezali, Musthahimah Muhamad, Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamed Kamal, Yvan Six, and Mohamad Nurul Azmi. "Synthesis of Bio-Inspired 1,3-Diarylpropene Derivatives via Heck Cross-Coupling and Cytotoxic Evaluation on Breast Cancer Cells." Molecules 27, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 5373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175373.

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The Heck cross-coupling reaction is a well-established chemical tool for the synthesis of unsaturated compounds by formation of a new C-C bond. In this study, 1,3-diarylpropene derivatives, designed as structural analogues of stilbenoids and dihydrostilbenoids, were synthesised by the palladium-catalysed reactions of 2-amidoiodobenzene derivatives with either estragole or eugenol. The products were obtained with high (E) stereoselectivity but as two regioisomers. The ratios of isomers were found to be dependent on the nature of the allylbenzene partner and were rationalised by electronic effects exercising a determining influence in the β-hydride elimination step. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of all the Heck reaction products were evaluated against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, with unpromising results. Among all, compound 7d exhibited weak cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 47.92 µM in comparison with tamoxifen and was considered to have general toxicity (SI value < 2).

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Salem, S., D. Berends, J. J. Heijnen, and M. C. M. van Loosdrecht. "Model-based evaluation of a new upgrading concept for N-removal." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 6 (March 1, 2002): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0104.

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Mathematical modelling is considered a time and cost-saving tool for evaluation of new wastewater treatment concepts. Modelling can help to bridge the gap between lab and full-scale application. Bio-augmentation can be used to obtain nitrification in activated sludge systems with a limited aerobic sludge retention time. In the present study the potential for augmenting the endogenous nitrifying population is evaluated. Implementing a nitrification reactor in the sludge return line fed with sludge liquor with a high ammonia concentration leads to augmentation of the native nitrifying population. Since the behaviour of nitrifiers is relatively well known, a choice was made to evaluate this new concept mainly based on mathematical modelling. As an example an existing treatment plant (wwtp Walcheren, The Netherlands) that needed to be upgraded was used. A mathematical model, based on the TUDP model and implemented in AQUASIM was developed and used to evaluate the potential of this bioaugmentation in the return sludge line. A comparison was made between bio-augmentation and extending the existing aeration basins and anoxic tanks. The results of both modified systems were compared to give a quantitative basis for evaluation of benefits gained from such a system. If the plant is upgraded by conventional extension it needs an increase in volume of about 225%; using a bioaugmentation in the return sludge line the total volume of the tanks needs to be expanded by only 75% (including the side stream tanks). Based on the modelling results a decision was made to implement the bioaugmentation concept at full scale without further pilot scale testing, thereby strongly decreasing the scale-up period for this process.

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Strona, Giovanni, Simone Fattorini, Barbara Fiasca, Tiziana Di Lorenzo, Mattia Di Cicco, Walter Lorenzetti, Francesco Boccacci, and Diana M. P. Galassi. "AQUALIFE Software: A New Tool for a Standardized Ecological Assessment of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems." Water 11, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 2574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122574.

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We introduce a suite of software tools aimed at investigating multiple bio-ecological facets of aquatic Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs). The suite focuses on: (1) threats posed by pollutants to GDE invertebrates (Ecological Risk, ER); (2) threats posed by hydrological and hydromorphological alterations on the subsurface zone of lotic systems and groundwater-fed springs (Hydrological-Hydromorphological Risk, HHR); and (3) the conservation priority of GDE communities (Groundwater Biodiversity Concern index, GBC). The ER is assessed by comparing tolerance limits of invertebrate species to specific pollutants with the maximum observed concentration of the same pollutants at the target site(s). Comparison is based on an original, comprehensive dataset including the most updated information on tolerance to 116 pollutants for 474 freshwater invertebrate species. The HHR is assessed by accounting for the main direct and indirect effects on both the hyporheic zone of lotic systems and groundwater-fed springs, and by scoring each impact according to the potential effect on subsurface invertebrates. Finally, the GBC index is computed on the basis of the taxonomical composition of a target community, and allows the evaluation of its conservation priority in comparison to others.

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Savescu, Mihai, Alexandru Gabriel Neagu, Constantin Vlagioiu, Niculae Tudor, Teodoru Soare, Iulian Raus, and Gabriel Predoi. "MRI Findings in Choroid Plexus Carcinoma in Two Dogs." “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0073.

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Abstract Due to technological advances in bio-imaging in the last years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used as a noninvasive and non-irradiant tool for assessment and imaging diagnosis. In this study are presented two dogs with progressive clinical and neurological manifestations, following the discovered signs (head tilt and circling in the first case, respective epileptic seizures and ataxia in the second case), MRI evaluation was recommended. The imaging exams showed the presence of a mass, located in the third ventricle, with heterogeneous signal changes in conventional sequences T1, T2 and FLAIR. Unifying the imaging data with those of the histopathological examination it was possible to establish the diagnosis of choroid plexus carcinoma in both cases.

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Dewita, Mira, Badriul Hegar Syarif, and Sudigdo Sastroasmoro. "Evaluation of Bio M pylori serologic test and C-13 urea breath test for H. pylori infection in children with recurrent abdominal pain: a pilot study." Paediatrica Indonesiana 50, no. 2 (April 30, 2010): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi50.2.2010.101-104.

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Background Diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection in childrenis still a problem. Urea breath test is the gold standard for noninvasivediagnostic test, but it is expensive and not available inmost hospitals. The Bio M Pylori serologic test has good diagnosticvalue in adults, less expensive and more practical, but had neverbeen evaluated in children.Objective To determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection andthe diagnostic accuracy of Bio M Pylori serologic test in childrenwith recurrent abdominal pain.Methods This study was conducted in May - June 2009. Childrenaged 12-15 years with recurrent abdominal pain were examinedwith urea breath test and the Bio M Pylori serologic test.Sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), predictivevalues, and likelihood ratios were calculated for the Bio M Pyloriserologic test.Results Most subjects aged 13 years (83%). Girls outnumberedboys, and most were undernourished. The prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection detected by urea breath test and Bio M Pylori serologictest was 8% and 52%, respectively. The Bio M Pylori serologictest had sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 53%, respectively.Area under the curve (AUC) was 0.764. Positive and negativepredictive values were 16 and 100%, whereas positive andnegative likelihood ratios are 2.12 and 0. The overall accuracyof this test is 5 7%Conclusions The Bio M Pylori serologic test has high sensitivityvalue (100%). This diagnostic kit can be considered as a goodpre-endoscopic screening tool in children with recurrentabdominal pain caused by H. pylori infection.

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Yan, Fei, Yonglei Cui, Yue An, Jing Ning, Xinyu Zhao, Lei Feng, Xiaokui Huo, et al. "A dual functional probe for assessing human CYP450 3A5 and 3A enzymes bioactivities." Future Medicinal Chemistry 11, no. 22 (November 2019): 2891–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2019-0173.

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Aim: CYP3A5 plays a vital role in the drug metabolism, it displays varied expression levels among individuals and is easily influenced by genetic polymorphisms and some diseases. Methodology & results: A dual function probe isobutyryl-11-keto- β-boswellic acid (IKBA) was developed; it possessed a high selectivity toward CYP3A5 and CYP3A enzymes for its two individual metabolites, respectively. The probe has the high accuracy and wide applicability in measuring the real activity of CYP3A5. Finally, IKBA was successfully used for the evaluation of the activity of CYP3A5 and CYP3A enzymes in various bio samples. Conclusion: IKBA could serve as a useful tool for exploring the physiology and pathology functions of CYP3A5 and give some useful guidance for the rational use of clinical drugs.

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Yao, Jingru, Guoqiang Li, Lianjie Zhou, Shuyan Xu, Kena Song, Hongfei Zhang, Xianquan Zhang, et al. "3D collagen microchamber arrays for combined chemotherapy effect evaluation on cancer cell numbers and migration." Biomicrofluidics 17, no. 1 (January 2023): 014101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0121952.

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Breast cancer metastasis involves complex mechanisms, particularly when patients are undergoing chemotherapy. In tissues, tumor cells encounter cell–cell interactions, cell–microenvironment interactions, complex nutrient, and drug gradients. Currently, two-dimensional cell culture systems and animal models are challenging to observe and analyze cell responses to microenvironments with various physical and bio-chemical conditions, and microfluidic technology has been systematically developed to address this dilemma. In this study, we have constructed a combined chemotherapy evaluation chip (CCEC) based on microfluidic technology. The chip possesses 192 diamond-shaped microchambers containing MDA-MB-231-RFP cells, and each microchamber is composed of collagen to mimic breast cancer and its surrounding microenvironment. In addition, by adding medium containing different drugs to the medium channels of CCEC, composite drug (paclitaxel+gemcitabine+7rh and paclitaxel+fluorouracil+PP2) concentration gradients, and single drug (paclitaxel, gemcitabine, 7rh, fluorouracil, PP2) concentration gradients have been established in the five collagen regions, respectively, so that each localized microchamber in the regions has a unique drug microenvironment. In this way, we evaluated the composite and single chemotherapy efficacy on the same chip by statistically analyzing their effects on the numbers and migration of the cell. The quantitative results in CCECs reveal that the inhibition effects on the numbers and migration of MDA-MB-231-RFP cell under the composite drug gradients are more optimal than those of the single drugs. Besides, the cancer cell inhibition effect between the groups composed of two drugs has also been compared, that is the paclitaxel+gemcitabine, paclitaxel+fluorouracil, and paclitaxel+PP2 have better cell numbers and migration inhibition effects than paclitaxel+7rh. The results indicate that the bio-mimetic and high-throughput combined chemotherapy evaluation platform can serve as a more efficient and accurate tool for preclinical drug development and screening.

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Devashena, Thangaiyan, and K. Dhanalakshmi. "Electromagnetic Characteristics of Shape Memory Spring." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.421.

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Electric impedance is widely used in imaging and detection techniques. The applications range from non-destructive testing, structural health monitoring, and geophysical imaging to medical imaging. The frequency of the signal used for the measurement ranges from less than 1 Hz to about 1 GHz. This paper addresses the measurement and evaluation of the phase dependent electrical resistance, inductance, capacitance, and impedance of a shape memory alloy (SMA) spring (BMX 150, Toki Corporation). The material characteristics can be obtained by means of their electromechanical impedance. Experimental procedures are implemented and the electrical characteristics are obtained for a wide range of frequency. The electrical resistance, inductance, impedances of the austenite and martensite phase are determined, also the quality factor of the Bio Metal coil to be (9.465 – 9.95) Ω and (10.358 – 10.8) Ω, (0.458 – 0.38) μH and (0.458 – 0.36) μH and, (9.47 – 10.24) Ω and (10.36 – 11.11) Ω respectively for the frequency range of 100 kHz - 1MHz. The quality factor of the Bio Metal ranges between 0.03 and 0.2 during heating and, 0.028 and 0.022 during the cooling phase. The experimental results herein show that an equivalent circuit of the SMA spring is a series resistor-inductor circuit with a parasitic capacitance effect. The electromagnetic behaviour of SMA is determined using a finite element tool.

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de Freitas Costa, Augusto Fernando, Caio Campos Ferreira, Simone Patrícia Aranha da Paz, Marcelo Costa Santos, Luiz Gabriel Santos Moreira, Neyson Martins Mendonça, Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção, et al. "Catalytic Upgrading of Plastic Waste of Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Pyrolysis Vapors over Si–Al Ash Pellets in a Two-Stage Reactor." Energies 16, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010541.

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This study investigated thermal cracking and catalytic upgrading of waste from electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) plastics on a semi-batch reactor coupled to a heated catalyst fixed bed (2-stage vapor cracking). The catalyst used is a Si–Al ash obtained from commercial activated carbon pellets treated with concentrated NaOH solution and calcination. The purpose of the study was to characterize the waste stream through its thermogravimetry analysis and pyrolysis products, study the effect of temperature (350–500 °C) and catalyst quantity (0.0–7.5 %.wt) on yields of reaction products, physical chemical properties, and chemical composition of bio-oil in order to understand and evaluate production of fuels and chemical feedstock by recycling of WEEE plastic through catalytic upgrading. Time-fractioned samples were taken in determined reaction times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) to study the evolution of cracking reactions during experiment runs through changes to chemical composition (GC/MS). A comparison with other previous work is also presented to show similarities between different feedstocks using the same thermal unit. The results indicate composition of brominated acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) for the WEEE plastic. The temperature of 350 °C produced better results when considering acid value but presented lower bio-oil yields (38%) and high gas yields (42%). Catalytic upgrading experiments revealed the increased presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with an increase in viscosity of bio-oil, increase in char yield (from 11% to 24%), and decrease in gas yields (15% to 5%). Chemical composition showed presence of aromatic hydrocarbons such as styrene, methyl-styrene, and diphenyl-propane and nitrogenated compounds such as benzene-butane-nitrile, phenolic compounds, PAHs, and brominated compounds. WEEE plastic pyrolysis is a challenging subject due to contaminant presence and varying composition, and chemical composition evaluation according to reaction time provides interesting insights into the evolution of semi-batch pyrolysis/catalytic upgrading experiments. Standardization and reproducibility of the tool should be conducted to continue the evaluation of pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading of a wide range of feedstocks.

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Ma, J., D. R. Li, M. E. Huq, and Q. M. Cheng. "REMOTE SENSING DETECTION AND IMPACT ANALYSIS OF TIBETAN HUMAN LANDSCAPE IN JIUZHAIGOU." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 7, 2020): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-629-2020.

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Abstract. The qualitative analysis of human landscape vulnerability is widely recognized, but quantitative analysis needs a lot of manpower, material resources as well as time to carry out the social observation. Based on remote sensing and spatial data, quantitative analysis of human landscape vulnerability will change this situation. This paper put forward a vulnerability evaluation model for change detection with remote sensing time series images and spatial tourism data. It is not only a quickly analysis tool which spans from the earth observation to the social observation for quantitative evaluation, but also an assistant tool for decision-making from change detection analysis to trend analysis.The vulnerability evaluation model of Jiuzhaigou Tibetan human landscape highlights the vulnerability of the whole region has increased significantly. The good structure ratios of bio-abundance are the basis of the human landscape protection, but the activities of ice and snow areas may be a natural factor for the migration of native along the tour roads in the valley from hillsides. The impact of tourism activities is far less than the natural environment. But tourism activities have inevitably affected the human landscape protection, and its negative index benefit is almost three times as much as the positive index benefit of protection measures. Especially, with the change of production and lifestyle of native brought by tourism activities, the human landscape is gradually disappearing. Further development of tourism activities will also extend the impact to the Balance Zone. It is urgent to reconstruct the current management model of human landscape.

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Kupecki, Jakub, Jarosław Milewski, and Janusz Jewulski. "Investigation of SOFC material properties for plant-level modeling." Open Chemistry 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0211-x.

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AbstractThis article describes results of a recent study of SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) material properties using a numerical tool. The created model was validated against experimental data collected for two different solid oxide fuel cells. With focus on ionic and electronic conductivities, temperature influence was investigated. Results are presented, compared with available data, and discussed. Model of a micro-CHP (Combined Heat and Power) unit based on a SOFC stack was used for evaluation of system performance with different cells. On-site generated bio-syngas was considered as a fuel fed for the unit. The overall system efficiency was analyzed using an Aspen HYSYS modeling environment. Properties of two generic electrolyte materials were implemented in the models for evaluation of a co-generative unit operation. Electrical and overall efficiencies of systems based on those cells were compared and differences were observed. Micro-scale power units with fuel cells are a promising technology for highly efficient distributed cogeneration. As it was concluded, selection of a proper cell is crucial to assure high system efficiency.

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Hlavatsch, Michael, Julian Haas, Robert Stach, Vjekoslav Kokoric, Andrea Teuber, Mehmet Dinc, and Boris Mizaikoff. "Infrared Spectroscopy–Quo Vadis?" Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 7598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157598.

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Given the exquisite capability of direct, non-destructive label-free sensing of molecular transitions, IR spectroscopy has become a ubiquitous and versatile analytical tool. IR application scenarios range from industrial manufacturing processes, surveillance tasks and environmental monitoring to elaborate evaluation of (bio)medical samples. Given recent developments in associated fields, IR spectroscopic devices increasingly evolve into reliable and robust tools for quality control purposes, for rapid analysis within at-line, in-line or on-line processes, and even for bed-side monitoring of patient health indicators. With the opportunity to guide light at or within dedicated optical structures, remote sensing as well as high-throughput sensing scenarios are being addressed by appropriate IR methodologies. In the present focused article, selected perspectives on future directions for IR spectroscopic tools and their applications are discussed. These visions are accompanied by a short introduction to the historic development, current trends, and emerging technological opportunities guiding the future path IR spectroscopy may take. Highlighted state-of-the art implementations along with novel concepts enhancing the performance of IR sensors are presented together with cutting-edge developments in related fields that drive IR spectroscopy forward in its role as a versatile analytical technology with a bright past and an even brighter future.

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Lakicevic, Milena, Bojan Srdjevic, and Zorica Srdjevic. "Multi-criteria approval for evaluating landscape management strategies (Case study: Fruska Gora National Park)." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 128 (2015): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1528099l.

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This paper deals with the problem of multi-criteria evaluation of four management strategies for Fruska Gora National Park. The criteria set was defined in ac?cordance with the IUCN guidelines for management of national parks. Four strategies were evaluated by testing preference intensities for each alternative with the respect to each cri?terion. Alternatives with preference above the approval threshold were approved, and a multi-criteria approval matrix was generated. According to the matrix, the most suitable management strategy was identified. It implies an intense protection of natural resources and landscape diversity in the national park by applying bio-engineering measures. This illustrative example proved that multi-criteria approval can be considered as a good deci?sion support tool when there is no need for a deeper insight into cardinal values of criteria weights and alternatives, or if the decision maker has to select few from many of alterna?tives to reduce the decision problem. For a more precise analysis, it is recommended to combine multi-criteria approval with other decision support tools, and future studies might deal with this problem in order to define an alternative framework for decision making in landscape management.

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Kovacs, Zoltan, Bernhard Pollner, George Bazar, Jelena Muncan, and Roumiana Tsenkova. "A Novel Tool for Visualization of Water Molecular Structure and Its Changes, Expressed on the Scale of Temperature Influence." Molecules 25, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092234.

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Aquaphotomics utilizes water-light interaction for in-depth exploration of water, its structure and role in aqueous and biologic systems. The aquagram, a major analytical tool of aquaphotomics, allows comparison of water molecular structures of different samples by comparing their respective absorbance spectral patterns. Temperature is the strongest perturbation of water changing almost all water species. To better interpret and understand spectral patterns, the objective of this work was to develop a novel, temperature-scaled aquagram that provides standardized information about changes in water molecular structure caused by solutes, with its effects translated to those which would have been caused by respective temperature changes. NIR spectra of Milli-Q water in the temperature range of 20–70 °C and aqueous solutions of potassium chloride in concentration range of 1 to 1000 mM were recorded to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed novel tool. The obtained results presented the influence of salt on the water molecular structure expressed as the equivalent effect of temperature in degrees of Celsius. The temperature-based aquagrams showed the well-known structure breaking and structure making effects of salts on water spectral pattern, for the first time presented in the terms of temperature influence on pure water. This new method enables comparison of spectral patterns providing a universal tool for evaluation of various bio-aqueous systems which can provide better insight into the system’s functionality.

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Nalini, Ganta, and Tartte Vijaya. "Bio-synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles; Characterization and Evaluating their Biofertilizer, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Efficacy." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1109.007.

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The present work was carried out to the chracterization and the evaluation of antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activity of Vn-ZnO NPs. The present research work focussed on the biosynthesized ZnO NPs by sodium hydroxide, zinc acetate and bio components of leaves of Vitex negundo in the reaction mixture was monitored in the precipitate from, which proved the formation of ZnO NPs. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by advanced tool viz. UV-Vis spectrophtometer, FT-IR, Particle size and zeta potential, X-ray diffraction and TEM along with EDAX. The UV-Vis peak was aquiered at 375nm. The zeta average 28 nm and the zeta potential value was -16.3mV.The average size of the nanoparticles was 34.46 nm and the minimum sized NPs read 16.2 nm by HR-TEM. Antibacterial activity of Vn-ZnO NPs was evaluated by examine against selected two gram negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi) and gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus). Antimicrobial activity of Vn-ZnO NPs was found to be more suceptable to the against gram negative bacteria. Strong DPPH activity was found by the Vn-ZnO NPs.

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Vyshnavi, Kanupuru, Y. Sinduja, Peter Gloria Adeyemi, Agunwa Daniel Ebuka, Markanti Srija, and Gaddam Sushma. "A Review Article on Dissolution Studies in Novel Drug Delivery System." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 3 (May 15, 2022): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i3.5337.

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In present days there is immense advancement in drug delivery despite novel drug delivery has become civilized as pharmaceutical scientists has worked hard over it. However the vocal pathway remnant the excellent pathway is for administration whereas the new drugs achieve the great patient compliance. The dissolution studies in NDDS have limit literature also and to still found locate inside the pharmacopeia. The dissolution studies is highly and commonly recommended for the solid dosage forms now a days it’s indeed enlarged to the other pharmaceutical formulations like suspensions, patches etc .The dissolution tactic is indeed an perfect tool such as maintaining batch-batch evaluation tests and also to analyze the drug release in vivo conditions. In sustained release the products that are obtained has several advantages in optimizing bio pharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics as compared to the conventional drug delivery systems. Keywords: Dissolution, sustained release, pharmacokinetics

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Shreffler, Pullan, Dailey, Mallik, and Brooks. "Overcoming Hurdles in Nanoparticle Clinical Translation: The Influence of Experimental Design and Surface Modification." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (November 30, 2019): 6056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236056.

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Nanoparticles are becoming an increasingly popular tool for biomedical imaging and drug delivery. While the prevalence of nanoparticle drug-delivery systems reported in the literature increases yearly, relatively little translation from the bench to the bedside has occurred. It is crucial for the scientific community to recognize this shortcoming and re-evaluate standard practices in the field, to increase clinical translatability. Currently, nanoparticle drug-delivery systems are designed to increase circulation, target disease states, enhance retention in diseased tissues, and provide targeted payload release. To manage these demands, the surface of the particle is often modified with a variety of chemical and biological moieties, including PEG, tumor targeting peptides, and environmentally responsive linkers. Regardless of the surface modifications, the nano–bio interface, which is mediated by opsonization and the protein corona, often remains problematic. While fabrication and assessment techniques for nanoparticles have seen continued advances, a thorough evaluation of the particle’s interaction with the immune system has lagged behind, seemingly taking a backseat to particle characterization. This review explores current limitations in the evaluation of surface-modified nanoparticle biocompatibility and in vivo model selection, suggesting a promising standardized pathway to clinical translation.

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Muñoz, Vidal Antonio Pérez, Liliana del Rocío Castro-López, Luis Eugenio Martínez Hernández, Davis Cordero Herrera, Gabriela Herrera Martínez, and Guillermo Castillo. "Evaluation of bio-acidifying yeast Lachancea thermotolerans as a strategy to reduce the effects of climate change in Tempranillo grape must vinification." BIO Web of Conferences 56 (2023): 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20235602036.

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The effects of climate change are posing major challenges for winemaking, especially in warm regions. Rising temperatures are leading to a considerable increase in sugar content and a reduction in the acidity of grape juices. This has prompted the search for new chemical and biological tools to reduce these effects in winemaking. Lachancea thermotolerans represent an interesting tool for wine improvement, due to their effects on lactic acid, ethanol, and volatile acidity. In this study, we evaluated the sequential inoculation of Lachancea thermotolerans (AEB Italia) + Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an alternative to the addition of water and tartaric acid in the vinification of over-ripened wine must (Tempranillo cv.). To do so, we conducted a micro vinification experiment that included three experimental treatments (replicated four times); AAS = Addition of water + tartaric acid fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ALS = sequential fermentation with Lachancea thermotolerans followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and SAC = Only inoculation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (control). We measured the lactic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, total acidity, pH, glucose + fructose, and ethanol concentration of the resulting wines. We found a higher lactic acid content and total acidity in ALS wines (2.2 g/L y 6.65 g/L) compared with AAS (0.13 g/L y 5.75 g/L) and SAC wines (0.18 g/L y 5.37 g/L). ALS wines showed a significantly lower pH (4.00) than SAC wines (4.19) but did not differ significantly from AAS wines (3.19). Finally, acetic acid was higher in ALS wines (0.89 g/L) than AAS wines (0.64 g/L) but did not differ significantly from SAC wines (1.02 g/L). Our results point out that the use of Lachancea thermotolerans in a sequential inoculation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an alternative to the addition of water and tartaric acid in the vinification of over-ripened Tempranillo musts.

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Irastorza, Ramiro M., Sergio Valente, Fernando Vericat, and Eugenia Blangino. "Dielectric Properties in Fresh Trabecular Bone Tissue from 1MHz to 1000MHz: A Fast and Non Destructive Quality Evaluation Technique." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.730.

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The increasing research on development of novel bio-materials has resulted in several studies on non-destructive evaluation methods for characterizing these materials and the biological materials receiving them. A broad range of techniques are available. As an alternative tool, electrical impedance spectroscopy, has become a widely used, non destructive and low cost technique in material quality evaluation. Particularly in bones, it has also been demonstrated that mechanical characteristics are strongly correlated to dielectric properties. In this work, non destructive estimation (the same samples can be tested using other techniques) of the dielectric properties of fresh trabecular bones (layered lossy structure) using coaxial probes is analyzed from 1MHz to 10MHz (in frequency domain) and from 80MHz to 1GHz (in both, frequency and time domain). Frequency domain system identification is used to build the estimation in the low frequency range and an orthonormal based identification approach, for the high frequency data. Comments on conductive samples, non Debye dielectrics and polarization effects are added. The methodology was applied to a particular human sample population of aged adult femur heads and results are presented here. A comparison with destructive test, in which the samples were machined into cylinders of 7mm diameter, is also performed.

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Vasiliev, A., M. Pecchia, D. Rochman, and H. Ferroukhi. "ENHANCEMENT OF VALIDATION STUDIES FOR REACTOR DOSIMETRY AND ACTIVATION PREDICTIONS WITH THE NUCLEAR DATA SAMPLING METHODOLOGY." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 10021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124710021.

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The CASMO/SIMULATE/MCNP/FISPACT-II calculation route has been established at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) for reactor dosimetry and activation studies. Furthermore, the in-house tool NUSS is in use at PSI for nuclear data (ND) related uncertainties quantifications with Monte Carlo neutron transport calculations. The use of randomly sampled ACE-formatted ND files not only allows propagation of the ND uncertainties, but also can serve for assessing the applicability of different types of experimental data for validation of calculation predictions of parameters of interest. In the present work an application of the PSI calculation scheme for analysis of activation reaction rates and the fast neutron fluence (FNF), throughout the Swiss pressurised water reactor (PWR) and simplified containment building models, is demonstrated. As particular examples of potentially available experimental data, two kinds of the neutron flux monitors are considered: a) the reactor pressure vessel scraping samples and detectors placed in the dosimetry channels, mounted at the core barrel and designed for validation of FNF calculations, and b) the ex-vessel dosimeters, specifically used by the Swiss waste management organisation (NAGRA) for validation of bio-shield activation predictions. The calculations were done with the ENDF/B-VII.1 library. The obtained results demonstrate importance of the ND uncertainties for the dosimetry evaluations. The assessment of the applicability of the selected experimental information for validation of the bio-shield irradiation calculations was done based on evaluation of the ND-related Pearson correlation coefficients.

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Garcia-Cabezon, Cristina, Guilherme Gobbi Teixeira, Luís Guimaraes Dias, Coral Salvo-Comino, Celia García-Hernandez, Maria Luz Rodriguez-Mendez, and Fernando Martin-Pedrosa. "Analysis of Phenolic Content in Grape Seeds and Skins by Means of a Bio-Electronic Tongue." Sensors 20, no. 15 (July 27, 2020): 4176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154176.

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A bio-electronic tongue has been developed to evaluate the phenolic content of grape residues (seeds and skins) in a fast and easy way with industrial use in mind. A voltammetric electronic tongue has been designed based on carbon resin electrodes modified with tyrosinase combined with electron mediators. The presence of the phenoloxydase promotes the selectivity and specificity towards phenols. The results of multivariate analysis allowed discriminating seeds and skins according to their polyphenolic content. Partial least squares (PLS) has been used to establish regression models with parameters related to phenolic content measured by spectroscopic methods i.e., total poliphenol content (TPC) and Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) indexes. It has been shown that electronic tongue can be successfully used to predict parameters of interest with high correlation coefficients (higher than 0.99 in both calibration and prediction) and low residual errors. These values can even be improved using genetic algorithms for multivalent analysis. In this way, a fast and simple tool is available for the evaluation of these values. This advantage may be due to the fact that the electrochemical signals are directly related to the phenolic content.

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Alsadig, Ahmed, Hendrik Vondracek, Paolo Pengo, Lucia Pasquato, Paola Posocco, Pietro Parisse, and Loredana Casalis. "Label-Free, Rapid and Facile Gold-Nanoparticles-Based Assay as a Potential Spectroscopic Tool for Trastuzumab Quantification." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 3181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123181.

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Monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy is one of the pillars of cancer treatment. However, for an efficient and personalized approach to the therapy, a quantitative evaluation of the right dose for each patient is required. In this study, we developed a simple, label-free, and rapid approach to quantify Trastuzumab, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody used against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), overexpressed in breast cancer patients, based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The central idea of this work was to use gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as plasmonic scaffolds, decorated with HER2 binders mixed with oligo-ethylene glycol (OEG) molecules, to tune the surface density of the attached macromolecules and to minimize nonspecific binding events. Specifically, we characterized and optimized a self-assembled monolayer of mixed alkylthiols terminated with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and OEG3 as a spacing ligand to achieve both excellent dispersibility and high reliability in protein immobilization. The successful immobilization of histidine-tagged HER2 (His-tagged HER2) on NTA via cobalt (II) chelates was demonstrated, confirming the fully functional attachment of the proteins to the AuNP surface. The proposed design demonstrates the capability of producing a clear readout that enables the transduction of a Trastuzumab/HER2 binding event into optical signals based on the wavelength shifts in LSPR, which allowed for detecting clinically relevant concentrations of Trastuzumab down to 300 ng/mL in the buffer and 2 µg/mL in the diluted serum. This strategy was found to be fast and highly specific to Trastuzumab. These findings make the present platform an auspicious tool for developing affordable bio-nanosensors.

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Milanowski, Bartłomiej, Hanna Wosicka-Frąckowiak, Eliza Główka, Małgorzata Sosnowska, Stanisław Woźny, Filip Stachowiak, Angelika Suchenek, and Dariusz Wilkowski. "Optimization and Evaluation of the In Vitro Permeation Parameters of Topical Products with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs through Strat-M® Membrane." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081305.

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Pharmaceutical products containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most prescribed topical formulations used for analgesic and antirheumatic properties. These drugs must overcome the skin barrier to cause a therapeutic effect. Human skin has been widely used as a model to study in vitro drug diffusion and permeation, however, it suffers from many limitations. Therefore, to perform in vitro permeation test (IVPT), we used a Strat-M® membrane with diffusion characteristics well-correlated to human skin. This study’s objective was to optimize the IVPT conditions using Plackett–Burman experimental design for bio-predictive evaluation of the in vitro permeation rates of five non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, etofenamate, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen) across Strat-M® membrane from commercial topical formulations. The Plackett–Burman factorial design was used to screen the effect of seven factors in eight runs with one additional center point. This tool allowed us to set the sensitive and discriminative IVPT final conditions that can appropriately characterize the NSAIDs formulations. The permeation rate of etofenamate (ETF) across the Strat-M® membrane was 1.7–14.8 times faster than other NSAIDs from selected semisolids but 1.6 times slower than the ETF spray formulation.

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Lau, Joann M., and David L. Robinson. "Effectiveness of a Cloning and Sequencing Exercise on Student Learning with Subsequent Publication in the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank." CBE—Life Sciences Education 8, no. 4 (December 2009): 326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.09-05-0036.

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With rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular biology, instructors are challenged to not only provide undergraduate students with hands-on experiences in these disciplines but also to engage them in the “real-world” scientific process. Two common topics covered in biotechnology or molecular biology courses are gene-cloning and bioinformatics, but to provide students with a continuous laboratory-based research experience in these techniques is difficult. To meet these challenges, we have partnered with Bio-Rad Laboratories in the development of the “Cloning and Sequencing Explorer Series,” which combines wet-lab experiences (e.g., DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction, ligation, transformation, and restriction digestion) with bioinformatics analysis (e.g., evaluation of DNA sequence quality, sequence editing, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool searches, contig construction, intron identification, and six-frame translation) to produce a sequence publishable in the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank. This 6- to 8-wk project-based exercise focuses on a pivotal gene of glycolysis (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), in which students isolate, sequence, and characterize the gene from a plant species or cultivar not yet published in GenBank. Student achievement was evaluated using pre-, mid-, and final-test assessments, as well as with a survey to assess student perceptions. Student confidence with basic laboratory techniques and knowledge of bioinformatics tools were significantly increased upon completion of this hands-on exercise.

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Korte, Christoph, and Heinz W. Kozur. "Bio- and chemostratigraphic assessment of carbon isotope records across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary at Csővár quarry (Hungary) and Kendlbachgraben (Austria) and implications for global correlations." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 59 (December 19, 2011): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2011-59-10.

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Carbon isotope trends are useful for stratigraphic correlation, especially for time intervals when major perturbations of the global carbon cycle occurred. Such perturbations have been documented for the Triassic–Jurassic (T–J) boundary, and several successions from this time interval are characterized by (1) an initial negative excursion, followed by (2) a pronounced positive excursion and a subsequent (3) main negative carbon isotope excursion. These features, however, are not present in all T–J boundary sections, or the stratigraphic position of the positive or the main negative excursion has variable locations. In the present study, we analysed carbon isotopes in bulk carbonate from the pelagic Csővár quarry section in Hungary and from the intra-platform basin to shallow subtidal marine Kendlbachgraben section in Austria. Both T–J boundary successions are biostratigraphically well controlled enabling – with particular focus on the bio- and chemostratigraphy of other T–J boundary sections – correlation of the carbon isotope trends. This evaluation shows that the apex of the initial negative δ13C excursion occurred slightly, but distinctly, below the mass extinction event and represents an excellent stratigraphic correlation tool.

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van Griensven, A., and W. Bauwens. "Concepts for river water quality processes for an integrated river basin modelling." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0145.

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Although there are various ways to model the bio-chemical processes in rivers, two main trends can be distinguished: the traditional QUAL2E-type models and the RWQM-type models, developed by extending and adapting the ASM equations. Both approaches have their weak and strong points. This paper focuses on the application of these concepts in an integrated modelling context. To this purpose, the models were adapted to respect the mass balances, to enable linkage to WWTP outputs and to diffuse pollution sources. Both approaches have been included in ESWAT - Extended Soil and Water Assessment Tool - which was developed by the authors to allow for an integral modelling of the water quantity and quality processes in river basins. A comparison and evaluation of both quality models is performed for the river Dender (Belgium). It is shown that both models give a reasonable fit for dissolved oxygen and ammonia. However, the dynamics of the quality processes for the RWQM model are slower, due to the time that bacteria need to adapt to changes of the loads of organic matter.

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Seyfi, Raziye. "Application of Artificial Neural Network in Modeling separation of microalgae." Journal of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 5, no. 04 (September 13, 2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jrset.vol5iss04pp43-49.

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The economization and commercialization of the bio fuels production from microalgae require solving some problems facing it. One of the most important and expensive stages is the separation of microalgae from the medium culture. The modelling of Separation biological processes can be used as a safe tool to save the economy and avoid repeated testing. Among the methods of modelling, artificial neural network is accurate and widely used in biotechnological processes. Results of the study showed that correlation coefficient reached 1 indicating that there is a good match between actual values and those predicted by modelling. From a total of 18 data, two-thirds of data was used to train a network and the remaining third was used to assess the modelling accuracy. The middle transition function purelin , output transfer function tansig and the number of neurons (five) were determined as the best parameters to train the network. The error rate of network training was estimated to be 0.0511 and error evaluation of the network accuracy was found to be 0.992.

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