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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION"

Urooj, Shabana, Athar Hussain, and Narayani Srivastava. "Biodiesel Production from Algal Blooms." International Journal of Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering 2, no. 3 (July 2012): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmtie.2012070106.

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Анотація:

Usage of Bio-energy is becoming more and more prominent due to the peak oil crisis. Bio-energy is the energy which can be synthesized using methods and raw material which are available in nature and are derived from the biological sources. They are referred as bio-mass energy, bio-diesel, and bio-power. In this paper the study has been carried out on bio-energy generation in form of bio-diesel and the bio-diesel is produced in the laboratory conditions by using base catalyzed trans-esterification process. The nomenclature bio-diesel is given to the oil which can be generated by using the raw materials which are renewable and are waste materials. It doesn’t contain any percentage of petroleum products in it. It is called bio-diesel because it can be further used to run the diesel engine. In this paper biodiesel is generated using local pond algae by the process of base catalyzed trans-esterification.

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Kovač Kralj, Anita, and Davorin Kralj. "Parameters Influences during Biodiesel Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 4167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.4167.

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Bio-diesel is a clean burning alternative fuel, produced from domestic, renewable resources. Bio-diesel can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a bio-diesel blend. It can be used in compression-ignition (diesel) engines with little or no modification. Bio-diesel is simple to use, biodegradable, non-toxic, and essentially free of sulphur and aromatics. This paper presents the two following identifiable topic areas as key themes: 1. preparation of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide – as a catalyst, which can be activated by the most MeO- active groups, and can therefore be converted to methyl esters (biodiesel) from triglyceride. Methoxide (MeO-) was produced from sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and methanol (MeOH) in a batch reactor: NaOH + MeOH = H2O + Na+ + MeO-. During bio-diesel production, methoxide is incorrectly referred to as the product of mixing methanol and sodium hydroxide. An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide – was prepared as a catalyst, by using different amounts of water at the same temperature. The reaction with lower water took place at the highest and quickest degrees of NaOH conversion and thus more MeO- active groups. The water was effective as an inhibitor.

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Kumari, Namrata, and Raghubansh Kumar Singh. "Bio-diesel production from airborne algae." Environmental Challenges 5 (December 2021): 100210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100210.

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Achten, W. M. J., L. Verchot, Y. J. Franken, E. Mathijs, V. P. Singh, R. Aerts, and B. Muys. "Jatropha bio-diesel production and use." Biomass and Bioenergy 32, no. 12 (December 2008): 1063–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.03.003.

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Rajan, Pandiya, Abdul samad, Nivas E N, Keerthana ., and Ragi Divya shree. "ALTERNATE FUEL BIODIESEL." International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security 09, no. 03 (June 23, 2023): 168–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijiris.2023.v0903.23.

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Анотація:

The rapid growth of industrialization and transportation has led to a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. To mitigate these challenges, there is an urgent need for sustainable energy solutions that can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and minimize environmental impact. Bio-diesel, a renewable and cleaner-burning fuel derived from organic sources, has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional petroleum-based diesel. This abstract provides an overview of bio-diesel, its production process, properties, and its environmental benefits. Bio-diesel is typically produced from feedstocks such as vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oils through a transesterification process that converts triglycerides into esters. The resulting bio-diesel exhibits similar properties to petroleum diesel, making it compatible with existing diesel engines and infrastructure. One of the significant advantages of bio-diesel is its reduced carbon footprint. It has a significantly lower lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions compared to petroleum diesel, primarily due to the absorption of carbon dioxide during the growth of the feedstock plants. Bio-diesel also contributes to a reduction in air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides and particulate matter, resulting in improved air quality and human health benefits. Additionally, bio-diesel offers economic benefits by promoting local agriculture and creating new job opportunities in the biofuel industry. The utilization of waste cooking oils and animal fats as feedstocks also contributes to waste reduction and efficient resource utilization. Despite its numerous benefits, challenges remain in the widespread adoption of bio-diesel. These challenges include feedstock availability, land use competition with food production, and the need for consistent quality standards. Ongoing research and development efforts are focused on optimizing the production process, exploring alternative feedstocks, and improving the overall sustainability of bio-diesel production. In conclusion, bio-diesel holds great potential as a sustainable alternative to petroleum diesel, offering environmental, economic, and societal benefits. Its reduced carbon footprint and compatibility with existing infrastructure make it a viable option for transitioning towards a greener future. Further advancements in technology and policies supporting bio-diesel production and utilization will play a crucial role in realizing its full potential and achieving a more sustainable energy landscape

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Hussien, Marwan, and Hayder Abdul hameed. "Biodiesel production from used vegetable oil (sunflower cooking oil) using eggshell as bio catalyst." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 20, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2019.4.4.

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Анотація:

Bio-diesel is an attractive fuel fordiesel engines. The feedstock for bio-diesel production is usually vegetable oil, waste cooking oil, or animal fats. This work provides an overview concerning bio-diesel production. Also, this work focuses on the commercial production of biodiesel. The objective is to study the influence of these parameters on the yield of produced. The biodiesel production affecting by many parameters such s alcohol ratio (5%, 10%,15 %, 20%,25%,30%35% vol.), catalyst loading (5,10,15,20,25) g,temperature (45,50,55,60,65,70,75)°C,reaction time (0-6) h, mixing rate (400-1000) rpm. the maximum bio-diesel production yield (95%) was obtained using 20% methanol ratio and 15g biocatalyst at 60°C.

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García-Sánchez, Miriam, Mauricio Sales-Cruz, Teresa Lopez-Arenas, Tomás Viveros-García, and Eduardo S. Pérez-Cisneros. "An Intensified Reactive Separation Process for Bio-Jet Diesel Production." Processes 7, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7100655.

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An intensified three-step reaction-separation process for the production of bio-jet diesel from tryglycerides and petro-diesel mixtures is proposed. The intensified reaction-separation process considers three sequentially connected sections: (1) a triglyceride hydrolysis section with a catalytic heterogeneous reactor, which is used to convert the triglycerides of the vegetable oils into the resultant fatty acids. The separation of the pure fatty acid from glycerol and water is performed by a three-phase flash drum and two conventional distillation columns; (2) a co-hydrotreating section with a reactive distillation column used to perform simultaneously the deep hydrodesulphurisation (HDS) of petro-diesel and the hydrodeoxigenation (HDO), decarbonylation and decarboxylation of the fatty acids; and (3) an isomerization-cracking section with a hydrogenation catalytic reactor coupled with a two-phase flash drum is used to produce bio-jet diesel with the suitable fuel features required by the international standards. Intensive simulations were carried out and the effect of several operating variables of the three sections (triglyceride-water feed ratio, oleic acid-petro-diesel feed ratio, hydrogen consumption) on the global intensified process was studied and the optimal operating conditions of the intensified process for the production of bio-jet diesel were achieved.

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Barman, Ananya, Sangita Bhattacharjee, Trina Dutta, Suparna Pal, Swastika Chatterjee, Prodyut Karmakar, and Sangita Mondal. "Biofuel from organic waste- a smart solution to conserve nonrenewable resources – A review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2286, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2286/1/012028.

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Анотація:

Abstract Use of bio-fuels, fuels produced from renewable organic material, has the potential to reduce undesirable aspects of fossil fuel production and usage including conventional and greenhouse gas emission. With the continuously depleting fossil fuel reserve, production of biofuel from various feed stocks and processes have shown high potential to provide efficient and cost-effective alternatives, such as, algal photosynthesis, electrochemical carbon fixation, apart from well-developed technologies of production of bio-ethanol and bio diesel. A wide range of bio-fuels including charcoal, bio-oil, renewable diesel, methane and hydrogen can be obtained by pyrolysis of suitable biomass.

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Kareem, Kashif, Maheen Rasheed, Aliha Liaquat, Abu Md Mehdi Hassan, Muhammad Imran Javed, and Muhammad Asif. "Clean Energy Production from Jatropha Plant as Renewable Energy Source of Biodiesel." ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering 2, no. 2 (August 19, 2021): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ajse.v2i2.39163.

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Анотація:

Population of the world is increasing very rapidly, due to which energy demand is also is increasing unfortunately Pakistan has deficiency of petroleum of reservoir. Pakistan is producing about 64% of its primary energy from fossil fuel which has serious burden on its economy. At the same Pakistan has been blessed by bio-energy production from different types of biomass waste, jatropha is a wild plant which can at any type of land like in Thar, Thal, Cholistan, and other barren land zones. Sample of jatropha raw oil was collected from local market and it was converted into bio-diesel by transesterification process. Purified jatropha oil was used to produced bio-diesel by Transesterification method, Due to transesterification being reversible, excess alcohol is used to shift the equilibrium towards the product. This project can be started in bellow 10 million capital cost and operating cost is about 0.6 million per month. According to our calculation the bio-diesel production cost will be approximately less than Rs. 30 per liter. If the government and concern department focused on the production of jatropha plant and bio-diesel production by jatropha, it will great contribution in saving import expenditures.

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Andrade, J. E., A. Pérez, P. J. Sebastian, and D. Eapen. "RETRACTED: A review of bio-diesel production processes." Biomass and Bioenergy 35, no. 3 (March 2011): 1008–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.037.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION"

Hassan-Sayed, Mohamed G. "Bio diesel production, utilisation and by-product processing." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7888.

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Анотація:

A major challenge mankind is facing in this century is the gradual and inescapable exhaustion of the earth's fossil energy resources. The combustion of those fossil energy materials lavishly used as heating or transportation fuel is one of the key factors responsible for global warming. One of the most readily applicable alternative energy resources is biodiesel, which is a potential substitute for petroleum-based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made from renewable biomass mainly by alkali-catalysed transesterification of plant oils. Biodiesel offers a number of interesting and attractive beneficial properties compared to conventional petroleum-based diesel. Most importantly, the use of biodiesel maintains a balanced carbon dioxide cycle since it is based on renewable biological materials. Pure biodiesel or biodiesel mixed in any ratio with petroleum-based diesel can be used in conventional diesel engines with no or only marginal modifications, and it can be distributed using the existing infrastructure. A number of aspects of biodiesel production, by-product glycerol utilization and utilisation in a test diesel engine facility are examined in the work described here. The kinetics of biodiesel production by transesterification of plant oils with methanol are described with reference to a novel solubility model that took into account the phase behaviour of the reacting mixture. It was revealed that the formation of methyl esters during the course of reaction promotes the dissolution of the oil in the methanol phase. Using ternary phase diagrams (oil/methanol/methyl esters) a new kinetic model that accounts for product-facilitated oil dissolution was developed. The model described the experimentally obtained kinetics well and scope for further future improvements to the model were identified. The microbial conversion of by-product glycerol to alcohols could potentially reduce dependency on methanol and improve process economics by re-cycling what will increasingly become a waste product as biodiesel production gains greater prominence. Two species of bacteria, Pantoea agglomerans and Clostridium pasteuranium were used in a fully instrumented bioreactor to investigate conversion of glycerols to alcohols. Overall alcohol yields were promising and it is possible that optimising the fermentation conditions for P. agglomerans still further could result in still higher alcohol yields. Bio diesel fuels in pure form and blended with mineral diesel in this study were tested in a four cylinder direct injection engine, typically used in small diesel genset applications. Engine performance and emissions were recorded at five load conditions and at two different speeds. Results were obtained for measurements of emission and smoke at the different speed and load conditions for the different bio diesel fuels The findings show that there is an increase in the over all specific fuel consumption at higher blends of bio diesel, but emissions were reduced at all blends and oils used with the exception of NOx which increased. A simple combustion analysis was also performed where ignition delay, position and magnitude of peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate were examined to asses how the variation of chemical structure and blend percentage affects engine performance.

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Narayanan, Divya. "Engineering for sustainable development for bio-diesel production." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1268.

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Hernandez-Gonzalez, Sergio Manuel. "Non-Catalytic Production of Hydrogen via Reforming of Diesel, Hexadecane and Bio-Diesel for Nitrogen Oxides Remediation." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228317376.

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Abuhabaya, Abdullah. "Investigation of engine performance and exhaust gas emissions by using bio-diesel in compression ignition engine and optimisation of bio-diesel production from feedstock by using response surface methodology." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2012. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/14064/.

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Bio-diesel, derived from the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats with simple alcohols, has attracted more and more attention recently. As a cleaner burning diesel alternative, bio-diesel claims to have many attractive features including: biodegradability, nontoxicity, renewability and low emission profiles. Free fatty acid (FFA) esterification and triglyceride (TG) transesterification with low alcohols molar ratio are the central reactions for the bio-diesel production. This study presents an experimental investigation into the effects of running biodiesel fuel and its blends on conventional diesel engines. Bio-fuels provide a way to produce fuels without redesigning any of the engine technology present today, yet allowing for green house emissions to decrease. Bio-diesel is one of these types of emerging bio-fuels, which has an immediate alternative fuel, while providing a decrease in green house gas emissions, as well as a solution to recycling used Waste Vegetable Oils which are otherwise disposed. This study shows how by blending bio-diesel with petroleum diesel at intervals of B5, B10, B15, and B20 decrease green house gas emissions significantly while maintaining similar performance output and efficiency with respect to 100% petroleum diesel. The focus of this research is to optimize the biodiesel production from crude sunflower oil. The effect of variables including methanol/oil molar ratio, NaOH catalyst concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature, and rate of mixing on the bio-diesel yield was examined and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Besides, a second-order model was deduced to predict the biodiesel yield. Confirmation experiment was further conducted, validating the efficacy of the model. Transesterification of sunflower oil was carried out using low molecular weight alcohols and sodium hydroxide. For sunflower oil, a central composite design with eight factorial, six center and six axial points was used to study the effect of catalyst concentration, molar ratio of methanol to sunflower oil and reaction temperature on percentage yield of the biodiesel. Catalyst concentration and molar ratio of methanol to sunflower oil were the most influential variables affecting percentage conversion and percentage initial absorbance. Maximum percentage yield of 95 % is predicted at a catalyst concentration of 1.1 % (wt/wt) and methanol to sunflower oil molar ratio of 6.8:1 at reaction time of 66 min and temperature of 35°C. In general, the sunflower oil biodiesel exhibited friendly environmental benefits and acceptable stability, demonstrating its feasibility as an alternative fuel.

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Claassens, Mias. "Production beyond product : Pretoria West bio-diesel plant : Buitekant Street, Pretoria West Industrial area, City of Tshwane." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23431.

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The aim of the dissertation is to investigate the role of Industrial architecture in facilitating emergent functions through adaptive re-use of discarded spaces that will demonstrate low energy architecture, energy production and social integration. The function of the production place in the city is to define production so that it will:

Emphasize the community over the individual
Stimulate production to steer away from the concept of being a linear process that is focused on the product, to that of a cyclical process that imitate the concept of an ecosystem
Work with existing energy
Establish emerging opportunities through connectivity between production process and the local urban fabric

The industrial intervention of the production place takes the form of a Bio-diesel plant that will be situated on the Pretoria West Power Station, in the Pretoria West Industrial area, west of the City of Tshwane Central Business District.
Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Architecture
unrestricted

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Schafer, Guy M. "Identifying Bio-Diesel Production Facility Locations for Home Heating Fuel Applications Within the Midwest Region of the United States." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1302263583.

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Lemoine, Gaetan. "Comparison of different types of Zeolites used as Solid Acid Catalysts in the Transesterification reaction of Jatropha-type oil for Biodiesel production." Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/268.

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Анотація:

Sustainable energy management has become a high priority for many countries. A great majority of our energy stocks comes from non-renewable fossil fuels, which are currently dwindling. Biofuels are one of the most promising solutions being researched to address this urgent problem. In particular, using transesterified Jatropha curcas L. oil appears to be a promising method of producing biofuels due to several properties of the plant, such as the high oil yield of its seeds and the fact that it does not compete with food crops. The literature mentions many attempts of using zeolites as solid acid catalysts in transesterification reactions of vegetable oils with high free fatty acid (FFA) content. The acid catalysis prevents soap formation and emulsification, which can be observed in the basic process. The use of a solid catalyst makes the separation and purification of the final products steps easier to implement in comparison to catalysis in homogeneous conditions. However, the efficiency of the zeolite in the heterogeneous transesterification reaction of vegetable oil is not well-known yet and varies on the structure of the catalyst used. This project aims at better understanding the relationship between the type of zeolite used and the yield of this particular reaction using reconstituted Jatropha oil from Sesame seed oil, which has a similar composition. Five different types of zeolites were compared: Y, X, Beta, Mordenite & ZSM-5. Non-catalyzed reactions as well as homogeneously catalyzed - with H2SO4 - reactions were also implemented. Since we take advantage of the catalytic properties of different zeolites, the one that were not already in hydrogen form were ion-exchanged and the ion-exchanged species were then analyzed by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX). Three alcohol-to-oil ratios were tested at atmospheric pressure and at T=115Â°C for each catalyst in order to determine the influence of this ratio. All experiments were conducted in an airtight autoclave with butan-1-ol in order to obtain a biofuel whose cetane index is higher than regular petroleum-based diesels.

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Kumari, Namrata. "Exploiting Local Algal Diversity for Bio-Diesel Production." Thesis, 2017. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/8688/1/2017_PhD_512CH1007_NKumari.pdf.

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Algae is proven potential resources for eco-friendly bio-diesel production. But research efforts are still required for worthwhile results. The present study aims to utilize locally available algae biomass resources for bio-diesel production. The samples were collected from the air, water depositories and soil within the Institute campus. Further purification, culture, morphological identification, preservation, lipid extraction, transesterification and bio-diesel properties estimation were also conducted. In the first set of experiment, water strains were collected, isolated up to the molecular level and utilized for vitrification protocol development. The isolated Oocystis sp. and Anabaena sp. confirm an improvement in survival percentage over conventional encapsulation-vitrification method. The viability concentration was also enhanced further by the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol and glutathione. The developed methodology further used for the preservation of collected and isolated cells during the study. Further, the study compared the pre-treatment strategies for improvement in overall lipid extraction rate. Comparison were done for dry vs. wet, with cell disruption vs. without cell disruption and conventional Soxhlet method vs. Folch’s methods. Results show that the combination of dried algal biomass with the Folch’s method yields more than 27% lipid which was comparatively higher than the traditional Soxhlet methodology i.e. 15%. The mixed population includes Chlorella, Anabaena, Euglena, Oocystis and Sphaerocystis species. Fatty acids present in lipid consist majorly of the C-18 molecule i.e. linolenic acid (C18:3), linoleic acid (C18:2) and oleic acid (C18:1). The other varieties of comparatively short carbon chain fatty acids were also observed which were considered to give the best fuel properties. Therefore, this local algal mixed diversity was found to be suitable for biofuel as well as various other fatty acids production. Similarly, dominant airborne species throughout the year in this locality were found to be Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella sp., Pteromonas, Sphaerocystis sp., Oocystis sp., Oedogonium sp., Anabaena, Pseudanabaena sp., Gloeocapsa sp., Microcystis sp., Naviculoid Diatoms, Mastogloia, Striatella sp., Euglena sp., Phacus sp. and two unidentified species. Availability of algae was found to be maximum during post monsoon and minimum in rainy season. Lipid estimation and FAME analysis were conducted by spectrofluorometry, CHNS, FTIR, GC-MS. Basic bio-diesel properties were also performed to know the suitability of extracted oil as raw material for bio-diesel production. Further, probable sugars, acids and alcohol were also estimated from methanol layer after lipid extraction. As varieties of algae were found in the month of October, therefore, overall lipid content and other functional groups were also found higher in the analysis. Summarizing, the obtained airborne algal oil fraction was suitable to use as bio-diesel. As the airborne algae were also oleaginous, hence these could not be considered as contamination during large scale open culture system. In the further experiments, bio-diesel and other co-products were produced using soil algal biomass. All the three layers during lipid extraction i.e. chloroform:methanol:residual layers were considered for this study. The dominant species include Chlorella, Euglena, Oocystis, Anabaena, Pseudomonas and one unreported species. Bottom chloroform layer consists of lipid which was transesterified and analyzed by GC-MS for the presence of FAME and phytol. Phytol is hydrolyzed component of chlorophyll molecule and precursor of vitamin E, and K. HPLC of methanol layer shows the presence of various carbohydrates, acids and other commercially valuable components. Therefore, methanol layer could be further purified and utilize as the source of carbohydrates and other useful chemicals. The cell debris was physically activated to use it as bio-char. Comparative characterization of raw algae, residual algae and algae biochar by proximate, elemental, TGA, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX were done. The results show that volatile matter was depleted after lipid extraction but fixed carbon increases. Peaks of FTIR study identified many chloroalkanes repeat in all the three states which were consistent with EDX analysis. EDX shows the presence of high amount of carbon, oxygen along with few inorganic substitutes like chlorine, calcium, etc. SEM and XRD pattern reveals the surface morphology of raw, residue and bio-char of algae. The residual algae are much crystalline in comparison to other two states which may be due to the extraction of intracellular components. Hence raw and residual algal biomass could not be utilized directly as the adsorbent. The further physical treatment creates the pores in crystalline surface hence could be used as the adsorbent. Organic and inorganic materials present in algal biomass shows that it can also be utilized as fertilizer for agricultural purpose. Further, methylene blue dye adsorption study was also conducted to know the suitability of biochar as the adsorbent. More than 90% of the dye was absorbed after the interval of one hour. In summary, the algae are very valuable biomass, and wise utilization could provide various value added products for human benefit.

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Huang, Sheng-Syuan, and 黃勝鉉. "A Study on the Production Processes and Costs of Bio-diesel." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85503166998344676690.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
95
Abstract Part Ι:Biodiesel production process Biodiesel is generally made by the pressing and the transesterification of oil-bearing crops such as soybeans, sunflower seeds, or rapeseeds. The main feature of biodiesel is that it is environmently friendly and reuses the land. By using fallow farmlands for growing oil-bearing crops, farmers can have the opportunity to work, which reduces government’s loading on subsidizing for fallowing. Furthermore, the absorption of carbon dioxide in the air by the plants as they grow also helps the nations abide by Kyoto Protocol in reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases to reach overall objectives. The addition of biodiesel also effectively lowers the exhaust emissions of COX, NOX, and TOC by diesel engines as compared to use petroleum diesel. This study utilized sunflower seeds and soybeans provided by the Agricultural Research Institute of I-Lan County as raw materials to produce biodiesel. The oil yields from the pressing of raw materials were 27.3% for sunflower seeds whereas only 1.6% for soybeans. The raw oil was then mixed with methyl alcohol and NaOH to undergo transesterification, followed by the distillation that gave rise to refined biodiesel. After comparing the physical properties of refined biodiesel, petroleum diesel, and the store-bought biodiesel, as well as performing simulated distillation analyses, it was found that the quality and performance of refined biodiesel were between the store-bought biodiesel and petroleum diesel. It had higher heating value and better burning quality after distillation. When the refined biodiesel was put into common 125 cc motorcycles (B30) for road tests, no noticeable differences were observed during driving. If the production yield and quality of refined biodiesel are furthen enhanced continuously, it will be a suitable fuel source for both diesel and gasoline cars, which will greatly promote the use of biodiesel. Part II: Economic assessments of production processes of biodiesel Baseing on the data from Taiwan Sugar Corporation’s edible soybean oil and experiment results of sunflower seeds by I-Lan Agricultural Research Institute, and adapting the simulated production procedures by Zhang et al. (2003 b), economic assessments of manufacturing of biodiesel at three different annual production levels (8,000, 30,000, and 100,000 metrics tons (MTs)) were performed. The results revealed that at these three annual production levels, the after-tax rates of return were -1.05, 0.95, and 0.91% , respectively for soybean oil, and were-1.42, -1.47, and 1.52%, respectively for sun sunflower seed oil (The raw material prices were based on the “2003 Central and South America average import duty-inclusive quotes” by the Directorate General of Customs of the Republic of China with crude soybean oil of 0.619USD kg-1, Crude sunflower seed oil: 0.689 USD kg-1(2003). As the profit derived from the Biodiesel byproduct – glycerol of is relatively high, the (net annual profit afer tax, NNP) of biodiesel production augments as the production level increases. When produced in large quantity, the higher biodiesel yield by sunflower seeds offset the higher cost of the crude sunflower seed oils that resulted in similar production costs with using soybean oil as the raw material. The breakeven pricess point(BBPs) for generating crude biodiesel from soybean oil at the above-mentioned three production levels were $766, $676, and $647 USD tonne -1 respectively, or equivalent to 22.41, 17.78, and 18.91 NTD liter-1 respectively. The BBPs of curde biodiesel for sunflower seed oil were 25.20, 22.56, and 21.70 NTD liter-1 , respectively. Therefore, the higher the production level, the lower the BBP, and the higher the market competitiveness.

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林建勳. "Production of Bio-diesel by Immobilized whole cell Biocatalyst on Non-woven Fabric." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06116899899254624141.

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Книги з теми "BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION"

Sustainable Energy Production from Jatropha Bio-Diesel: Second Generation Bio Fuel. Saarbrücken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2012.

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K, Dadhich Pradeep, and Energy and Resources Institute, eds. Production and technology of bio-diesel: Seeding a change. New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute, 2008.

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Kang, Tal-sun. Kyŏngnam chiyŏk paio tijel wŏllyoyong yuchʻae silchŭng chaebae yŏnʼgu =: Studies on empirical culture of rape (Brassica campestris M.) for production of bio-diesel fuel in Kyeongnam province. [Seoul]: Nongchʻon Chinhŭngchʻŏng, 2008.

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National Workshop on Institutional, Environmental, Economical, Technological, and Legal Issues Related to Production Possibilities of Bio-Diesel from Jatropha curcas (Ratanjot) & Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) (2006 Amity Jaipur Campus). National Workshop on Institutional, Environmental, Economical, Technological, and Legal Issues Related to Production Possibilities of Bio-Diesel from Jatropha curcas (Ratanjot) & Pongamia pinnata (Karanja), on 2nd-4th May, 2006 at Amity Jaipur Campus, Rajasthan: Proceedings. Noida: Amity School of Natural Resources & Sustainable Development, 2006.

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Rice, Bernard. Bio-diesel production from camelina oil, waste cooking oil and tallow : [end of project report: Project 4355]. Teagasc, 1998.

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Частини книг з теми "BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION"

Altay, Ayca, Secil Ercan, and Yasemin Ozliman. "Socio-Effective Value of Bio-Diesel Production." In Assessment and Simulation Tools for Sustainable Energy Systems, 395–422. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5143-2_19.

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Anuradha, A., Aakansha Singh, Somya Sadaf, and Muthu Kumar Sampath. "Promising Approach of Industrial Wastewater Bio-refinery Through Bio-diesel Production." In Biorefinery for Water and Wastewater Treatment, 481–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20822-5_22.

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Krstulovic, Ante, and Frano Barbir. "Bio-diesel and/or Hydrogen in Croatia – Challenge and Necessity." In Sustainable Energy Production and Consumption, 251–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8494-2_16.

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Chakraborty, Avijit, Shreyan Bardhan, Sudip Das, Sagnik Roy, and Banani Ray Chowdhury. "Bio-diesel Production as a Promising Approach of Industrial Wastewater Bio-refinery." In Biorefinery for Water and Wastewater Treatment, 109–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20822-5_6.

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Yoosuk, Boonyawan, Parncheewa Udomsap, and Buppa Shomchoam. "Hydration—Dehydration Technique: From Low Cost Materials to Highly Active Catalysts for Bio-Diesel Production." In Materials Challenges and Testing for Manufacturing, Mobility, Biomedical Applications and Climate, 179–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11340-1_18.

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Kumar, Pardeep, and Aswani Kumar Dhingra. "Development of a Combined RSM-GA Approach for Improving and Optimising Soyabean Oil Bio-diesel Production." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 239–55. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1308-4_20.

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Garg, Naveen Kumar, and Amit Pal. "Bio-diesel Production from Kalonji (Nigella sativa L.) Seed Oil Using Microwave Oven-Assisted Transesterification: A Sustainable Approach." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 465–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9678-0_41.

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Zhang, R., and H. El-Mashad. "Bio-diesel and bio-gas production from seafood processing by-products." In Maximising the value of marine by-products. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439824542.ch22.

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Zhang, R., and H. M. El-Mashad. "Bio-diesel and bio-gas production from seafood processing by-products." In Maximising the Value of Marine By-Products, 460–85. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845692087.3.460.

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Gautam, Anirudh, and Ankita Singh. "Replacement of Diesel Fuel by DME in Compression Ignition Engines: Case for India." In Diesel Engines and Biodiesel Engines Technologies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104969.

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Анотація:

Decarbonising of transport, industrial and all sectors of economy is a necessity to stop or reverse global warming. Use of batteries, fuel-cells, hybrid topographies with smaller IC engines and use of alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol, DME in the IC engines are some of the ways through which emission of green-house gases can reduced/eliminated. Diesel engines are highly efficient due to higher compression ratios and are used in the heavy-duty transportation vehicles. DME is a single molecule fuel having high cetane number and which can be used as a drop-in fuel on the diesel engines albeit with retro-fitment of these engines with a new pressurized fuel system. DME with a chemical formula CH3-O-CH3 can be produced by different feedstocks such as coal, natural gas, biomass and bio-waste and municipal solid waste. India has a large reserve of high ash coal and generates high quantities of biomass and MSW, all of which can be converted to DME by use of clean production technologies. India’s transport and industrial sectors consume about 100 billion liters of diesel fuel per year produced entirely from imported petroleum. This amount of diesel can be replaced by indigenously produced DME from locally available coal, biomass and MSW.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION"

Saad, Waseem W., Ahmed Hebala, and Hamdy A. Ashour. "Net-zero-energy automated bio-diesel production unit." In 2017 Intl Conf on Advanced Control Circuits Systems (ACCS) Systems & 2017 Intl Conf on New Paradigms in Electronics & Information Technology (PEIT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/accs-peit.2017.8303023.

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Annam Renita, A., D. Joshua Amarnath, Anandhi Padhmanabhan, Bhavani Dhamodaran, and Joe Kizhakudan. "Production of Bio-Diesel from marine macro algae." In 2010 Recent Advances in Space Technology Services and Climate Change (RSTSCC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rstscc.2010.5712882.

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Bandyopadhyay, Sujaya, Ranjana Chowdhury, Chiranjib Bhattacharjee, Swapan Paruya, Samarjit Kar, and Suchismita Roy. "Mathematical Modeling Of Production Of Bio-surfactant Through Bio-desulfurization Of Hydrotreated Diesel In A Fermenter." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING, OPTIMIZATION, AND COMPUTING (ICMOS 20110). AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3516308.

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Hassametto, Artchapong, Preerawadee Chaiboontun, Chattraporn Prajuabwan, Laphatrada Khammuang, and Aussadavut Dumrongsiri. "NUMERICAL STUDY OF PRODUCTION, LOGISTICS AND FACILITY LOCATION PLANNING FOR OIL PALM IN BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION FOR THAILAND." In International Conference on Engineering, Project, and Production Management. Association of Engineering, Project, and Production Management, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32738/ceppm.201310.0047.

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Hansen, Samuel, and Amin Mirkouei. "Bio-Oil Upgrading via Micro-Emulsification and Ultrasound Treatment: Examples for Analysis and Discussion." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97182.

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Abstract Blended fuels allow biofuels (e.g., bio-oil, ethanol, and biodiesel) to be commercialized by mixing them with petroleum-based fuels and address their deficiencies, such as compatibility with existing engine systems. Traditional blends (e.g., B20, E15, and E85) rely on mechanical mixing and use of surfactants (stabilizing chemicals) to prevent mixture separation, however, in many cases bio-blends suffer from reduced performance. Bio-oil, a low-grade liquid biofuel, has high potential in blended fuels production and addresses its deficiencies, such as high upgrading cost due to high oxygen-carbon ratio and H2O content. Emulsion technology is a relatively immature process, which relies on microscopic H2O blended with fuel for increased performance and stability. This study explores how residual H2O in bio-oil may increase performance and compensate for its deficiencies by using bio-oil in diesel emulsion. Our research shows that (a) H2O emulsion fuel has received little attention yet, which can offer many benefits to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, (b) H2O content in bio-oil may be significant enough to impact performance in a diesel engine if stability concerns are addressed, and (c) the stability of bio-oil derived diesel emulsions may be increased over conventional practice, using ultrasonic cavitation. It is concluded that emulsified bio-oil in diesel is able to address common upgrading challenges by skipping H2O removing operation and using H2O in bio-oil to enhance blended fuel performance. Ultimately, bio-oil can be used to supplement diesel fuel and develop a commercial market similar to the strategy’s used earlier with ethanol production from corn.

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Palit, Samiddha, Bijan Kumar Mandal, Sudip Ghosh, and Arup Jyoti Bhowal. "Performance and Emission Characteristics of Bio-Diesel as an Alternative Diesel Engine Fuel." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54283.

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Fast depletion of the conventional petroleum-based fossil fuel reserves and the detrimental effects of the pollutant emissions associated with the combustion of these fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines propelled the exploration and development of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel has been identified as one of the most promising alternative fuels for IC engines. This paper discusses about the advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel vis-a-vis the conventional petro-diesel and presents the energetic performances and emission characteristics of CI engine using biodiesel and biodiesel-petrodiesel blends as fuels. An overview of the current research works carried out by several researchers has been presented in brief. A review of the performance analysis suggests that biodiesel and its blends with conventional diesel have comparable brake thermal efficiencies. The energy balance studies show that biodiesel returns more than 3 units of energy for each unit used in its production. However, the brake specific fuel consumption increases by about 9–14% compared to diesel fuel. But, considerable improvement in environmental performance is obtained using biodiesel. There is significant reduction in the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), soot, particulates, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide with biodiesel. But the NOx emission is more with biodiesel compared to diesel. A case study with Jatropha biodiesel as fuel and the current development status, both global and Indian, of biodiesel as a CI engine fuel have been included in the paper.

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Mrad, Nadia, Maria Paraschiv, Fethi Aloui, Mohand Tazerout, and Sassi Ben Nasrallah. "Production of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuel by Catalytic Cracking of Waste Fish Fat in Continuous Pilot System." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-17012.

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Liquid fuels can be produced from triglyceride sources via thermo-catalytic process. In the present work, the production of bio-fuel by catalytic cracking of waste fish fat in a continuous reactor at atmospheric pressure has been studied. Different catalysts were used and maximum bio-oil yield of 66% with the lowest acidity of 4.3 mgKOH/goil was obtained with a controlled reaction temperature of 500°C and Na2CO3 as a catalyst. After chemical treatment of this bio-oil, the acidity decreases to 1.5mgKOH/goil. These bio-fuels were characterized according to their physico-chemical properties, and compared with the diesel fuel. The results show that the catalytic cracking process represents an alternative method to produce bio-fuels with physico-chemical characteristics similar to petroleum fuels from fish oil industrial residues.

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Niemi, Seppo, Jukka Kiijärvi, Mika Laurén, and Erkki Hiltunen. "Injection Pressures of a Bio-Oil Driven Non-Road Diesel Engine: Experiments and Simulations." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82710.

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The depletion of global crude oil reserves, increases in fossil fuel prices and environmental issues have encouraged the search for and study of bio-derived fuels. For years, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) have already been used successfully. High-quality hydrogenated vegetable oil and Fischer-Tropsch biofuels have also been developed. Fuel refining processes, however, consume energy increasing CO2 emissions. For profitability reasons, large-scale industrial production is also required. Several distributed energy producers are instead willing to utilize various local waste materials as fuel feedstock. The target is local fuel production without any complicated manufacturing processes. Crude bio-oils are therefore also interesting fuel options, in particular for medium-speed diesel engines capable of burning such bio-oils without any major problems. Nevertheless, waste-derived crude bio-oils have also been studied in Finland in high-speed non-road diesel engines. One option has been mustard seed oil (MSO). Mustard has been cultivated in fallow fields. Non-food mustard seeds have been used for fuel manufacturing. In the performed studies with MSO, the exhaust smoke and HC emissions decreased, NOx remained approximately constant, and the thermal efficiency was competitive compared with operation on ordinary diesel fuel oil (DFO). The number of exhaust particles tended, however, to increase and deposits were formed in the combustion chamber, particularly if the engine was also run at low loads with MSO. On the whole, the results were so promising that deeper analyses of engine operation with MSO were considered reasonable. The kinematic viscosity of crude bio-oils is much higher than that of FAMEs or DFO. Consequently, the injection pressure tends to increase especially at the injection pump side of an in-line injection pump system. The flow characteristics of crude bio-oil also differ from those of DFO in the high-pressure pipe. With bio-oil, the flow seems to be laminar. The bulk modulus of bio-oils is also different from that of DFO affecting the rate of the injection pressure rise. In the present study, a turbocharged, inter-cooled direct-injection non-road diesel engine was driven with a mixture of MSO (95%) and rape seed methyl ester (RME, 5%), and standard DFO. The engine was equipped with an in-line injection pump. First, the injection pressures at pump and injector ends of the high-pressure injection pipe were measured for both fuels as a function of crank angle. Furthermore, a model was created for the injection system based on the method of characteristics. Free software called Scilab was adopted for numerical simulation of the model. Despite a few limitations in the built model, the results showed clear trends and the model can be used to predict changes in the fuel injection process when the fuel is changed.

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Stevenson, Anna L., Allen J. Parker, Shawn A. Reggeti, Ajay K. Agrawal, and Joshua A. Bittle. "Sooting Behavior of Commercial and Bio-Derived Butyl-Acetate/N-Heptane Blends in High-Pressure Spray Combustion Experiments." In ASME 2022 ICE Forward Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2022-90634.

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Abstract The desire to use diesel blended with biofuels has accelerated in an effort to reduce reliance on non-renewable resources as well as reduce emissions from the heavy-duty portion of the transportation sector. Of particular interest are oxygenated compounds, notably esters, which have the potential to reduce the sooting tendency of diesel fuel. Butyl-acetate (BA) is one such ester with favorable properties as a fuel additive though perhaps not an obvious choice for a mixing controlled compression ignition engine due to its low cetane number. Despite this, if demonstrated to be able to reduced soot emissions when blended with diesel this blend candidate may be worth more study as a new bio-derived, low-energy, microbial fermentation process for production of BA shows promise for cost effective, high volume production. In this study, a constant-pressure flow chamber is utilized to observe fuel injection, mixing, ignition and combustion characteristics of commercial- and bio-BA blended with diesel surrogate n-heptane as a first study of its kind in a diesel-like fuel spray. Rainbow schlieren deflectometry, OH* chemiluminescence, and two-color pyrometry are utilized to quantify global parameters including ignition delay time, liquid length, vapor penetration, lift-off length, and soot mass. The results presented show that blending BA into n-heptane is effective at reducing soot emissions; moreover, the commercial-BA blend and the bio-BA blend are equally effective at reducing soot emissions. Future work will explore more test conditions, different blend ratios, and engine operation.

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Il-hwan Seo, In-bok Lee, Hyun-seob Hwang, Se-woon Hong, Jessie P Bitog, and Kyeong-seok Kwon. "Quantitative evaluation of bubble-column photo-bioreactors for bio-diesel production from microalgae using computational fluid dynamics." In 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.38159.

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Звіти організацій з теми "BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION"

Miller, Dennis J. Ediesel: Diesel Additive production from ethanol and bio-diesel coproducts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1494140.

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Wu, May M., and Bernard M. Sawyer. ESTIMATING WATER FOOTPRINT AND MANAGING BIOREFINERY WASTEWATER IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIO-BASED RENEWABLE DIESEL BLENDSTOCK. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342200.

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