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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Hasnul, Muhammad Harith, Nurin Wahidah Mohd Zulkifli, Masjuki Hassan, Syahir Amzar Zulkifli, Mohd Nur Ashraf Mohd Yusoff, and Muhammad Zulfattah Zakaria. "Synergistic Behavior of Graphene and Ionic Liquid as Bio-Based Lubricant Additive." Lubricants 9, no. 5 (April 24, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9050046.

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Анотація:

The constant utilization of petroleum-based products has prompted concerns about the environment, hence a replacement for these products must be explored. Biolubricants are a suitable replacement for petroleum-based lubricants as they provide better lubricity. Biolubricant performance can be improved by the addition of graphene. However, there are reports that graphene is unable to form a stable suspension for a long period. This study used a graphene-ionic liquid additive combination to stabilize the dispersion in a biolubricant. Graphene and ionic liquid were dispersed into the biolubricant via a magnetic stirrer. The samples were tested using a high frequency reciprocating rig. The cast iron sample was then further observed using various techniques to determine the lubricating mechanism of the lubricant. Different dispersion stability of graphene was observed for different biolubricants, which can be improved with ionic liquids. All ionic liquid samples maintained an absorbance value of three for one month. The utilization of ionic liquid was also able to decrease the frictional performance by 33%. Further study showed that by using the ionic liquid alone, the frictional could only reduce the friction coefficient by 13% and graphene could only reduce the friction by 7%. A smooth worn surface scar can be seen on the graphene-IL sample compared to the prominent corrosive spot on the IL samples and abrasive scars on graphene samples. This indicates synergistic behavior between the two additives. It was found that the ionic liquid does not only improve the dispersion stability, but also plays a role in forming the tribolayer.

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2

Brown, Leslie, Martyn J. Earle, Manuela A. Gîlea, Natalia V. Plechkova, and Kenneth R. Seddon. "Ionic Liquid–Liquid Separations Using Countercurrent Chromatography: A New General-Purpose Separation Methodology." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 8 (2017): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch17004.

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Liquid–liquid separations based on countercurrent chromatography, in which at least one phase contains an ionic liquid, represent a new empirical approach for the separation of organic, inorganic, or bio-based materials. A custom-designed instrument has been developed and constructed specifically to perform separations (including transition metal salts, arenes, alkenes, alkanes, and sugars) with ionic liquids, and has been demonstrated for use on the 0.1 to 10 g scale.

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3

Avilés, M. D., R. Pamies, J. Sanes, J. Arias-Pardilla, F. J. Carrión, and M. D. Bermúdez. "Protic ammonium bio-based ionic liquid crystal lubricants." Tribology International 158 (June 2021): 106917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2021.106917.

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4

Atta, Nada F., Asmaa H. Ibrahim, and Ahmed Galal. "Nickel oxide nanoparticles/ionic liquid crystal modified carbon composite electrode for determination of neurotransmitters and paracetamol." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 1 (2016): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj01804h.

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5

Yu, Lu, Shu Hong Mao, Shao Xian Ji та Fu Ping Lu. "Study on Microbial Transformation of 11α-hydroxy-16,17α-epoxy progesterone in Ionic Liquid/Water Biphasic System by Arthrobacter simplex". Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (січень 2015): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.719.

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Dehydrogenated steroids are usually more effective in treating diseases, compared to their precursors. In this study, toxicity of six ionic liquids to the Arthrobacter simplex was investigated to evaluate the possibility of dehydrogenation of 11α-hydroxy-16,17α-epoxy progesterone in ionic liquid / water biphasic system. Results indicated that ionic liquids displayed higher toxicities to the A. simplex. The followed bio-dehydrogenation in biphasic system, as well as the immobilization investigations in the corresponding system, showed the lower conversion ratio of 11α-hydroxy-16,17α-epoxy progesterone. This maybe indicated the unsuitability of the imidazole-based ionic liquid for the dehydrogenation of A. simplex in the biphasic system.

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6

Björling, Marcus, Scott Bair, Liwen Mu, Jiahua Zhu, and Yijun Shi. "Elastohydrodynamic Performance of a Bio-Based, Non-Corrosive Ionic Liquid." Applied Sciences 7, no. 10 (September 27, 2017): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app7100996.

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7

Isik, Mehmet, Thomas Lonjaret, Haritz Sardon, Rebeca Marcilla, Thierry Herve, George G. Malliaras, Esma Ismailova, and David Mecerreyes. "Cholinium-based ion gels as solid electrolytes for long-term cutaneous electrophysiology." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 34 (2015): 8942–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc01888a.

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8

Brandt-Talbot, Agnieszka, Florence J. V. Gschwend, Paul S. Fennell, Tijs M. Lammens, Bennett Tan, James Weale, and Jason P. Hallett. "An economically viable ionic liquid for the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass." Green Chemistry 19, no. 13 (2017): 3078–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc00705a.

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9

Fuzlin, A. F., I. I. Misnon, Y. Nagao, and A. S. Samsudin. "Study on ionic conduction of alginate bio-based polymer electrolytes by incorporating ionic liquid." Materials Today: Proceedings 51 (2022): 1455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.654.

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10

Russina, Olga, Serena De Santis, and Lorenzo Gontrani. "Micro- and mesoscopic structural features of a bio-based choline-amino acid ionic liquid." RSC Advances 6, no. 41 (2016): 34737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra02142e.

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11

Hirose, Daisuke, Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma, Daiki Ina, Naoki Wada, and Kenji Takahashi. "Direct one-step synthesis of a formally fully bio-based polymer from cellulose and cinnamon flavor." Green Chemistry 21, no. 18 (2019): 4927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc01333d.

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12

Sasi, Renjith, Talasila P. Rao, and Sudha J. Devaki. "Bio-based Ionic Liquid Crystalline Quaternary Ammonium Salts: Properties and Applications." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6, no. 6 (March 10, 2014): 4126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am4057453.

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13

Zhang, Zhencai, Fei Xu, Hongyan He, Weilu Ding, Wenjuan Fang, Wei Sun, Zengxi Li, and Suojiang Zhang. "Synthesis of high-molecular weight isosorbide-based polycarbonates through efficient activation of endo-hydroxyl groups by an ionic liquid." Green Chemistry 21, no. 14 (2019): 3891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc01500k.

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14

Rizzo, Carla, Giuseppe Misia, Salvatore Marullo, Floriana Billeci, and Francesca D'Anna. "Bio-based chitosan and cellulose ionic liquid gels: polymeric soft materials for the desulfurization of fuel." Green Chemistry 24, no. 3 (2022): 1318–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc02679h.

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15

Bryant, Saffron J., Alvaro Garcia, Ronald J. Clarke, and Gregory G. Warr. "Selective ion transport across a lipid bilayer in a protic ionic liquid." Soft Matter 17, no. 10 (2021): 2688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm02225j.

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Анотація:

A tethered lipid bilayer assembled in an ionic liquid (IL) preserves selective ion transport by valinomycin and retains its structure upon exchange with aqueous buffer, paving the way for complex, non-aqueous bio-based assemblies.

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16

Yahya, Wan Zaireen Nisa, Wong Theen Meng, Mehboob Khatani, Adel Eskandar Samsudin, and Norani Muti Mohamed. "Bio-based chitosan/PVdF-HFP polymer-blend for quasi-solid state electrolyte dye-sensitized solar cells." e-Polymers 17, no. 5 (August 28, 2017): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2016-0305.

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AbstractDye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have emerged to become one of the most promising alternatives to conventional solar cells. However, long-term stability and light-to-energy conversion efficiency of the electrolyte in DSSCs are the main challenges in the commercial use of DSSCs. Current liquid electrolytes in DSSCs allow achieving high power conversion efficiency, but they still suffer from many disadvantages such as solvent leakage, corrosion and high volatility. Quasi-solid state electrolytes have therefore been developed in order to curb these problems. A novel polymer electrolyte composed of biobased polymer chitosan, poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP), 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide ionic liquid and iodide/tri-iodide redox salts in various compositions is proposed in this study as a quasi-solid state electrolyte. Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR) studies on the polymer electrolyte have shown interactions between the redox salt and the polymer blend. The quasi-solid state electrolyte tested in DSSCs with an optimised weight ratio of PVdF-HFP:chitosan (6:1) with ionic liquid electrolyte PMII/KI/I2 has shown the highest power conversion efficiencies of 1.23% with ionic conductivity of 5.367×10−4 S·cm−1 demonstrating the potential of using sustainable bio-based chitosan polymers in DSSCs applications.

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17

Liu, Zhen, Philipp Bertram, and Frank Endres. "Bio-degradable zinc-ion battery based on a prussian blue analogue cathode and a bio-ionic liquid-based electrolyte." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 21, no. 7 (April 11, 2017): 2021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-017-3589-0.

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18

Avilés, M. D., F. J. Carrión, J. Sanes, and M. D. Bermúdez. "Bio-based ionic liquid crystal for stainless steel-sapphire high temperature ultralow friction." Wear 484-485 (November 2021): 204020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2021.204020.

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19

Shin, Nara, Sohyun Kwon, Sojeong Moon, Chae Hwan Hong, and Young Gyu Kim. "Ionic liquid-mediated deoxydehydration reactions: Green synthetic process for bio-based adipic acid." Tetrahedron 73, no. 32 (August 2017): 4758–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2017.06.053.

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20

Villa, Rocio, Elena Alvarez, Raul Porcar, Eduardo Garcia-Verdugo, Santiago V. Luis, and Pedro Lozano. "Ionic liquids as an enabling tool to integrate reaction and separation processes." Green Chemistry 21, no. 24 (2019): 6527–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc02553g.

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Анотація:

This tutorial review highlights representative examples of ionic liquid (IL)-based (bio)catalytic systems integrating reaction and separation, as a tool for the development of sustainable chemical processes (e.g. IL/scCO₂ biphasic reactors, membrane reactors, nanodrop systems, microfluidic devices, supported IL phases, sponge-like ILs, etc.).

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21

Zare, Ehsan Nazarzadeh, Ackmez Mudhoo, Moonis Ali Khan, Marta Otero, Zumar Muhammad Ali Bundhoo, Chanaka Navarathna, Manvendra Patel, et al. "Water decontamination using bio-based, chemically functionalized, doped, and ionic liquid-enhanced adsorbents: review." Environmental Chemistry Letters 19, no. 4 (March 12, 2021): 3075–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01207-w.

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22

Wen, JiaLong, YongChang Sun, LingYan Meng, TongQi Yuan, Feng Xu, and Run-Cang Sun. "Homogeneous lauroylation of ball-milled bamboo in ionic liquid for bio-based composites production." Industrial Crops and Products 34, no. 3 (November 2011): 1491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.05.004.

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23

Ribeiro, Diana C. M., Rafael C. Rebelo, Francesco De Bon, Jorge F. J. Coelho, and Arménio C. Serra. "Process Development for Flexible Films of Industrial Cellulose Pulp Using Superbase Ionic Liquids." Polymers 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111767.

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Due to environmental concerns, more attention has been given to the development of bio-based materials for substitution of fossil-based ones. Moreover, paper use is essential in daily routine and several applications of industrial pulp can be developed. In this study, transparent films were produced by industrial cellulose pulp solubilization in tetramethylguanidine based ionic liquids followed by its regeneration. Films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV/Vis spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal analysis (TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical tests showed that films have a good elongation property, up to 50%, depending on ionic liquid incorporation. The influence of the conjugated acid and dissolution temperature on mechanical properties were evaluated. These results revealed the potential of this methodology for the preparation of new biobased films.

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24

Chen, Feng, Daisuke Sawada, Michael Hummel, Herbert Sixta, and Tatiana Budtova. "Unidirectional All-Cellulose Composites from Flax via Controlled Impregnation with Ionic Liquid." Polymers 12, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051010.

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Mechanically strong all-cellulose composites are very attractive in the terms of fully bio-based and bio-degradable materials. Unidirectional flax-based all-cellulose composites are prepared via facile room-temperature impregnation with an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate. To determine the optimal processing conditions, the kinetics of flax dissolution in this solvent is first studied using optical microscopy. Composite morphology, crystallinity, density, the volume fraction of cellulose II and tensile properties are investigated, indicating that flax dissolution should be within certain limits. On the one hand, the amount of cellulose II formed through dissolution and coagulation should be high enough to “fuse” flax fibers, resulting in a density increase. On the other hand, only the surface layer of the fibers should be dissolved to maintain the strength provided by the inner secondary layer and avoid a detrimental decrease in crystallinity. The highest Young’s modulus and strength, 10.1 GPa and 151.3 MPa, respectively, are obtained with a crystallinity of 43% and 20 vol% of cellulose II.

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25

Yan, Dongxia, Jiayu Xin, Qiu Zhao, Kai Gao, Xingmei Lu, Gongying Wang, and Suojiang Zhang. "Fe–Zr–O catalyzed base-free aerobic oxidation of 5-HMF to 2,5-FDCA as a bio-based polyester monomer." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 1 (2018): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy01704a.

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An environment-friendly and economical route for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) aerobic oxidation to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) in an ionic liquid (IL)-promoted base-free reaction system was reported using Fe–Zr–O as a catalyst.

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26

Orha, László, József M. Tukacs, László Kollár та László T. Mika. "Palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions in γ-valerolactone-based ionic liquids". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (3 грудня 2019): 2907–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.284.

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It was demonstrated that the γ-valerolactone-based ionic liquid, tetrabutylphosphonium 4-ethoxyvalerate as a partially bio-based solvent can be utilized as alternative reaction medium for copper- and auxiliary base-free Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions of aryl iodides and functionalized acetylenes under mild conditions. Twenty-two cross-coupling products were isolated with good to excellent yields (72–99%) and purity (>98%). These results represent an example which proves that biomass-derived safer solvents can be utilized efficiently in common, industrially important transformations exhibiting higher chemical and environmental efficiency.

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27

Przypis, Marta, Agata Wawoczny, and Danuta Gillner. "Biomass and Cellulose Dissolution—The Important Issue in Renewable Materials Treatment." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13021055.

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Sustainable development strategies, as well as the shift toward a circular bioeconomy, has led to high interest in the development and implementation of technologies that efficiently utilize biomass as a raw material. Switching from fossil-based to bio-based resources requires the consideration of many new challenges and problems. One of the crucial issues is the solubility of lignocellulose or at least its ingredients. According to the trends and legislation, the selected chemicals and methods of dissolution/treatment should also be environmentally friendly. The pretreatment processes prepare biomass for further transformations (e.g., chemical, thermal including pyrolysis, or biological) to valuable products such as biofuels, bio-oils, Fine Chemicals, solvents, plastics, and many others. This review discusses the latest findings on the dissolution of biomass and its ingredients. The application of novel, green solvents such as ionic liquids or deep eutectic solvents is discussed in detail. The impact of the composition and structure of these solvents on the biomass/cellulose dissolution process, as well as the mechanism of cellulose–ionic liquid interaction, is presented. Some novel achievements in the usage of inorganic salts and specific metal complexes are also overviewed.

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28

Torrinha, Álvaro, Thiago M. B. F. Oliveira, Francisco W. P. Ribeiro, Pedro de Lima-Neto, Adriana N. Correia, and Simone Morais. "(Bio)Sensing Strategies Based on Ionic Liquid-Functionalized Carbon Nanocomposites for Pharmaceuticals: Towards Greener Electrochemical Tools." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 2368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142368.

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The interaction of carbon-based nanomaterials and ionic liquids (ILs) has been thoroughly exploited for diverse electroanalytical solutions since the first report in 2003. This combination, either through covalent or non-covalent functionalization, takes advantage of the unique characteristics inherent to each material, resulting in synergistic effects that are conferred to the electrochemical (bio)sensing system. From one side, carbon nanomaterials offer miniaturization capacity with enhanced electron transfer rates at a reduced cost, whereas from the other side, ILs contribute as ecological dispersing media for the nanostructures, improving conductivity and biocompatibility. The present review focuses on the use of this interesting type of nanocomposites for the development of (bio)sensors specifically for pharmaceutical detection, with emphasis on the analytical (bio)sensing features. The literature search displayed the conjugation of more than 20 different ILs and several carbon nanomaterials (MWCNT, SWCNT, graphene, carbon nanofibers, fullerene, and carbon quantum dots, among others) that were applied for a large set (about 60) of pharmaceutical compounds. This great variability causes a straightforward comparison between sensors to be a challenging task. Undoubtedly, electrochemical sensors based on the conjugation of carbon nanomaterials with ILs can potentially be established as sustainable analytical tools and viable alternatives to more traditional methods, especially concerning in situ environmental analysis.

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29

Carvalho, R. N. L., S. C. Matias, N. M. T. Lourenço, and L. P. Fonseca. "SEM characterization of gelatin-ionic liquid functional polymers." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S4 (August 2013): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761300130x.

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ION JELLY® patented technology is based on the cross-linking of Ionic Liquids (ILs) with Gelatin that results in a viscous gel that can be molded into a film or a block, and solidifies by cooling below 35 ºC . The outcome of this combination is a transparent, light and flexible conductive polymer that adapts perfectly to a great variety of surfaces. Some of the key properties of ION JELLY® are: high stability up to 180ºC, large electrochemical window and bio-compatibility. Taking in consideration the attractive attributes of ILs, that provide a stable and friendly environment for the enzymes, where they retain their catalytic activity, combined with the morphologic advantage of gelatin, we have decided to study this new protein-ionic-based material regarding water content, swelling behaviour, and structural morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The properties of [emim][EtSO4] and [bmim][N(CN)2] ION JELLY® films were compared with those of solely gelatin. Thin films were prepared with different amounts of water or phosphate buffer and left to maturate in a controlled atmosphere for 4 days. Swelling was carried out in water at 4ºC and films were lyophilized afterwards. SEM images of ION JELLY® and gelatin films were obtained prior and after these steps.ION JELLY® films were rubbery while gelatin films were glassy. Water-made ION JELLY® had completely smooth surfaces, just like gelatin, but buffer-made ION JELLY® exhibited salt crystals on the surface, as well as some superficial pores (Figure 1). Free water content in [emim][EtSO4] ION JELLY® was found to be greater than [bmim][N(CN)2] ION JELLY® and gelatin.The swelling ratio of both types of ION JELLY® was close to 100%, while gelatin swelled 8 times more. The swollen lyophilized gelatin films formed a heterogeneous and highly porous network (Figure 2), while ION JELLY® films were more homogeneous with a lower degree of porosity (Figure 3).These results showed that ION JELLY® is a polymer with a more tightly bound structure than gelatin. This material allows water to penetrate, but possesses a higher rigidity that prevents too much mobility of the polymeric chains. Considering that it’s a biocompatible polymer, lyophilized swollen ION JELLY® could have potential applications as a scaffold for biological material.Financial support received from the Portuguese Science and Technology foundation (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) under the grants SFRH/BD/77568/2011, PTDC/EBB-BIO/114288/2009, PTDC/EBB-BI/099237/2008 and SFRH/BPD/41175/2007 and Projecto Estratégico IBB: PEst – OE/EQB/LA0023/2011

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30

Sasi, Renjith, K. B. Jinesh, and Sudha J. Devaki. "Anisotropic Phase Formation Induced Enhancement of Resistive Switching in Bio-based Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Crystals." ChemistrySelect 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201601715.

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31

Md. Yasser, Mona Alis, Zaidi Embong, Erween Abdul Rahim, Amiril Sahab Abdullah Sani, and Kamaruddin Kamdani. "Study of Ionic Liquids (AIL and PIL) Viscosity and its Functional Groups under Heat Treatment on Cutting Tool Surface Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)." Materials Science Forum 981 (March 2020): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.981.98.

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Анотація:

This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) technique by using Modified Jatropha Oil (MJO) bio-based lubricant with the presence of 10% Ammonium Ionic Liquid (MJO+AIL10%) and 1% Phosphonium Ionic Liquid (MJO+PIL1%) additives respectively at various temperature of 200 °C, 300 °C and 400 °C heat treatment to determine the ability to exhibit corrosion and wear throughout the process. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed prominent peaks of functional groups in these bio-lubricants; esters (C-O) and (C=O), alkanes (C-H), hydroxide (O-H), and nitrile groups deposited on the cutting tool surface. Initially, nitrile group is detected on cutting tool surface without lubricants at 2200 to 2300 absorption band reduced to lower intensity and most likely concealed by MJO+AIL10% compared to MJO+PIL1% where the nitrile group remains reflected in FTIR spectrum. In this work, it is proved that MJO+AIL10% has higher viscosity as compared to MJO+PIL1%. in the context of functional groups and supported the previous study on MJO+AIL10% as corrosion inhibitor.

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32

Haq, Bashirul, Jishan Liu, and Keyu Liu. "Green enhanced oil recovery (GEOR)." APPEA Journal 57, no. 1 (2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16116.

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Green enhanced oil recovery (GEOR) is a chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method involving the injection of specific green chemicals (surfactants/alcohols/polymers) that effectively displace oil because of their phase-behaviour properties, which decrease the interfacial tension (IFT) between the displacing liquid and the oil. In this process, the primary displacing liquid slug is a complex chemical system called a micellar solution, containing green surfactants, co-surfactants, oil, electrolytes and water. The surfactant slug is relatively small, typically 10% pore volume (PV). It may be followed by a mobility buffer such as polymer. The total volume of the polymer solution is typically ~1 PV. This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the combination of microbial by-products Bacillus subtilise strain JF-2 bio-surfactant and alcohol in recovering residual oil. It also considered whether bio-surfactant capability could be improved by blending it with non-ionic green surfactant. The study consisted of a phase behaviour study, IFT measurement and core-flooding experiments. In the phase behaviour study, it was found that 0.5% alkyl polyglycosides (APG) and 0.5–1.00% of butanol at 2% NaCl gave stable middle phase micro-emulsion. Non-ionic (APG 264) and anionic (bio-surfactant) mixtures are able to form stable middle phase micro-emulsion. Based on IFT reduction, two low concentrations (40 and 60 mg/l) of JF-2 bio-surfactant were identified where IFT values were low. The bio-surfactant and butanol formulation produced a total ~39.3% of oil initially in place (OIIP).

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Rahman, Md Hafizur, Haley Warneke, Haley Webbert, Joaquin Rodriguez, Ethan Austin, Keli Tokunaga, Dipen Kumar Rajak, and Pradeep L. Menezes. "Water-Based Lubricants: Development, Properties, and Performances." Lubricants 9, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9080073.

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Water-based lubricants (WBLs) have been at the forefront of recent research, due to the abundant availability of water at a low cost. However, in metallic tribo-systems, WBLs often exhibit poor performance compared to petroleum-based lubricants. Research and development indicate that nano-additives improve the lubrication performance of water. Some of these additives could be categorized as solid nanoparticles, ionic liquids, and bio-based oils. These additives improve the tribological properties and help to reduce friction, wear, and corrosion. This review explored different water-based lubricant additives and summarized their properties and performances. Viscosity, density, wettability, and solubility are discussed to determine the viability of using water-based nano-lubricants compared to petroleum-based lubricants for reducing friction and wear in machining. Water-based liquid lubricants also have environmental benefits over petroleum-based lubricants. Further research is needed to understand and optimize water-based lubrication for tribological systems completely.

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Yang, Fuxin, and Peng Feng. "Densities and Viscosities of Ionic Liquid with Organic Solvents." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 8342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238342.

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The ionic liquid (IL) of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate is widely used in chemical and bio-chemical processes. In this work, due to the high viscosity of IL, the promising chemicals (i.e., N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide) were selected as the additives to lower IL viscosity. The thermophysical properties of density and viscosity for IL with solvents were measured using a digital vibrating U-tube densimeter and an Ubbelohde capillary viscometer from 303.15 to 338.15 K at atmospheric pressure (0.0967 MPa), respectively. The influences of the solvents on the thermophysical properties of ionic liquid were quantitatively studied. Furthermore, based on the measurement values, the derived properties of excess molar volumes, thermal expansion coefficient, and the energy barrier were calculated, and the results showed that the mixture composition had great impact on excess volume change and viscosity. The hard-sphere model was employed to reproduce the viscosity. The infrared spectroscopy was performed to study the chemical structure to further understand the interactions between IL and the solvents.

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Singh, Mandeep, Gerardo Palazzo, Giuseppe Romanazzi, Gian Paolo Suranna, Nicoletta Ditaranto, Cinzia Di Franco, Maria Vittoria Santacroce, et al. "Bio-sorbable, liquid electrolyte gated thin-film transistor based on a solution-processed zinc oxide layer." Faraday Discuss. 174 (2014): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00081a.

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Among the metal oxide semiconductors, ZnO has been widely investigated as a channel material in thin-film transistors (TFTs) due to its excellent electrical properties, optical transparency and simple fabrication via solution-processed techniques. Herein, we report a solution-processable ZnO-based thin-film transistor gated through a liquid electrolyte with an ionic strength comparable to that of a physiological fluid. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the ZnO films upon exposure to water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) are discussed in terms of the operation stability and electrical performance of the ZnO TFT devices. The improved device characteristics upon exposure to PBS are associated with the enhancement of the oxygen vacancies in the ZnO lattice due to Na⁺ doping. Moreover, the dissolution kinetics of the ZnO thin film in a liquid electrolyte opens the possible applicability of these devices as an active element in “transient” implantable systems.

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36

Financie, Revie, Muhammad Moniruzzaman, and Yoshimitsu Uemura. "Characterization of Empty Fruit Bunch Treated with Ionic Liquid Prior to Enzymatic Delignification." Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v10i4.3307.

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The technological utility of enzymes for delignification can be increased by using ionic liquid to open more accessible surface area for biomass transformation into bio-based products. The present paper demonstrates application of ionic liquid (IL) [emim][DEP] 1-ethyl-3 methyllimidazolium-diethyl phospate for empty fruit bunch (EFB) pretreatment process followed by enzymatic delignification by using Laccase. It was found that [emim][DEP] increased the performance of the enzyme laccase and henced higher cellulose rich materials, whereas also reduced the lignin content in the EFB. The lowest lignin content obtained from IL-laccase treated EFB was approximately 17.92%, lower than the lignin content in the untreated EFB. Both treated and untreated EFB were characterized in chemical and physical properties by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) to observe the changes resulted from the pretreatment.

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37

Bhatt, Jitkumar, Matheus M. Pereira, and Kamalesh Prasad. "Simultaneous morphological transformation of metal salt and conformations of DNA in a bio-based ionic liquid." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 135 (August 2019): 926–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.012.

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38

Quental, Maria V., Matheus M. Pereira, Francisca A. e. Silva, João A. P. Coutinho, and Mara G. Freire. "Aqueous Biphasic Systems Comprising Natural Organic Acid-Derived Ionic Liquids." Separations 9, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9020046.

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Despite the progress achieved by aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) comprising ionic liquids (ILs) in extracting valuable proteins, the quest for bio-based and protein-friendly ILs continues. To address this need, this work uses natural organic acids as precursors in the synthesis of four ILs, namely tetrabutylammonium formate ([N4444][HCOO]), tetrabutylammonium acetate ([N4444][CH3COO]), tetrabutylphosphonium formate ([P4444][HCOO]), and tetrabutylphosphonium acetate ([P4444][CH3COO]). It is shown that ABSs can be prepared using all four organic acid-derived ILs paired with the salts potassium phosphate dibasic (K2HPO4) and tripotassium citrate (C6H5K3O7). According to the ABSs phase diagrams, [P4444]-based ILs outperform their ammonium congeners in their ability to undergo liquid–liquid demixing in the presence of salts due to their lower hydrogen-bond acidity. However, deviations to the Hofmeister series were detected in the salts’ effect, which may be related to the high charge density of the studied IL anions. As a proof of concept for their extraction potential, these ABSs were evaluated in extracting human transferrin, allowing extraction efficiencies of 100% and recovery yields ranging between 86 and 100%. To further disclose the molecular-level mechanisms behind the extraction of human transferrin, molecular docking studies were performed. Overall, the salting-out exerted by the salt is the main mechanism responsible for the complete extraction of human transferrin toward the IL-rich phase, whereas the recovery yield and protein-friendly nature of these systems depend on specific “IL-transferrin” interactions.

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Pang, Jin-Hui, Xin Liu, Miao Wu, Yu-Ying Wu, Xue-Ming Zhang, and Run-Cang Sun. "Fabrication and Characterization of Regenerated Cellulose Films Using Different Ionic Liquids." Journal of Spectroscopy 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/214057.

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The demand for substitution of fossil-based materials by renewable bio-based materials is increasing with the fossil resources reduction and its negative impacts on the environment. In this study, environmentally friendly regenerated cellulose films were successfully prepared using 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EmimCl), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimAc) as solvents, respectively. The results of morphology from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that all the cellulose films possessed smooth, highly uniform, and dense surface. The solid-state cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS)13C NMR spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) corroborated that the transition from cellulose I to II had occurred after preparation. Moreover, it was shown that the ionic liquid EmimAc possessed much stronger dissolubility for cellulose as compared with other ionic liquids and the cellulose film regenerated from EmimCl exhibited the most excellent tensile strength (119 Mpa). The notable properties of regenerated cellulose films are promising for applications in transparent biodegradable packaging and agricultural purpose as a substitute for PP and PE.

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Wang, Xia, Qinqin Xu, Jian Cheng, Gang Hu, Xiangjing Xie, Chang Peng, Xue Yu, Hongwei Shen, Zongbao Kent Zhao, and Haibo Xie. "Bio-refining corn stover into microbial lipid and advanced energy material using ionic liquid-based organic electrolyte." Industrial Crops and Products 145 (March 2020): 112137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112137.

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41

Shashkov, Mikhail V., Yulia S. Sotnikova, Pavel A. Dolgushev, and Maria V. Alekseeva. "Development of Comprehensive Analysis of Pyrolysis Products for Lignocellulose Raw Materials and Sludge Sediments by Chromatographic Methods." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Chemistry 14, no. 4 (December 2021): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1998-2836-0240.

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This paper presents a study of the pyrolysis products organic raw materials (bio-oil and sludge sediments of treatment facilities) by chromatographic methods. A feature of the work is to optimize the sample preparation procedure by fractionating the pyrolysis products. Using the method of gel permeation chromatography, molecular weight distribution of pyrolysis products was assessed. Determination of the water content in these objects (by Karl Fischer titration) was used to assess the possibility of their direct analysis by gas chromatography. A sample of sludge pyrolysis and several fractions obtained from a bio-oil sample were analyzed. By the method of two-dimensional gas chromatography, where a selfdeveloped column based on an ionic liquid was used as the first measurement column, the pyrolysate of sludge sediments and the ether fraction of bio-oil were analyzed. The obtained chromatograms and quantitative results are presented

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42

Cui, Li Hong, Meng Wang, Ji Hua Li, and Qing Huang Wang. "Effect of Ionic Liquid Pretreatment on the Structure and Enzymatic Saccharification of Cassava Stillage Residues." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.59.

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Cassava stillage residue (CSR), the solid wastes generated from cassava-based bio-ethanol production, can be used to produce ethanol because of its high contents of cellulose. This study has focused on the pretreatment of CSR using the ionic liquid (IL) of 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl). The changes in surface morphology, particle size and functional groups of pretreated CSR were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser diffraction instrument and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that [Bmim]Cl pretreatment could significantly damage the structure of cassava cellulose and increase the enzymatic saccharification rate.

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Yoshizawa, Akina, Chie Maruyama, Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma, Naoki Wada, Kosuke Kuroda, Daisuke Hirose, and Kenji Takahashi. "Aryloxy Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Homogenous Esterification of Cellulose with Low-Reactive Acyl Donors." Polymers 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020419.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are recyclable, non-volatile, and can dissolve cellulose, a natural polymer that is insoluble in versatile solvents. Therefore, ILs have been used to modify cellulose. However, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimOAc), a commercially available IL often used to dissolve and modify cellulose to prepare cellulose-based materials, causes the undesired introduction of an acetyl group derived from the acetate anion of EmimOAc onto the hydroxy group of cellulose during esterification. In this study, for cellulose esterification, we prepared aryloxy ILs as non-carboxylate-type and basic ILs, which can theoretically prevent the undesired introduction of an acyl group from the IL onto the hydroxy group of cellulose. The optimized 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-pyridinolate (Emim2OPy) and mixed solvent system achieved rapid cellulose esterification (within 30 min) with an excellent degree of substitution (DS) value (up to >2.9) derived from the employed low-reactive vinyl esters and bio-based unsaturated aldehydes, without any undesired substituent introduction from side reactions.

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Blessing, Bailey, Cory Trout, Abneris Morales, Karleena Rybacki, Stacy A. Love, Guillaume Lamoureux, Sean M. O’Malley, Xiao Hu, and David Salas-de la Cruz. "The Impact of Composition and Morphology on Ionic Conductivity of Silk/Cellulose Bio-Composites Fabricated from Ionic Liquid and Varying Percentages of Coagulation Agents." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 4695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134695.

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Blended biocomposites created from the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between polysaccharides and structural proteins exhibit useful and unique properties. However, engineering these biopolymers into applicable forms is challenging due to the coupling of the material’s physicochemical properties to its morphology, and the undertaking that comes with controlling this. In this particular study, numerous properties of the Bombyx mori silk and microcrystalline cellulose biocomposites blended using ionic liquid and regenerated with various coagulation agents were investigated. Specifically, the relationship between the composition of polysaccharide-protein bio-electrolyte membranes and the resulting morphology and ionic conductivity is explored using numerous characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanoindentation, and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). The results revealed that when silk is the dominating component in the biocomposite, the ionic conductivity is higher, which also correlates with higher β-sheet content. However, when cellulose becomes the dominating component in the biocomposite, this relationship is not observed; instead, cellulose semicrystallinity and mechanical properties dominate the ionic conduction.

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45

Zampino, Daniela C., Gabriele Clarizia, and Paola Bernardo. "Temperature Responsive Copolymers Films of Polyether and Bio-Based Polyamide Loaded with Imidazolium Ionic Liquids for Smart Packaging Applications." Polymers 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051147.

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Temperature-responsive materials are highly interesting for temperature-triggered applications such as drug delivery and smart packaging. Imidazolium Ionic Liquids (ILs), with a long side chain on the cation and a melting temperature of around 50 °C, were synthetized and loaded at moderate amounts (up to 20 wt%) within copolymers of polyether and a bio-based polyamide via solution casting. The resulting films were analyzed to assess their structural and thermal properties, and the gas permeation changes due to their temperature-responsive behavior. The splitting of FT-IR signals is evident, and, in the thermal analysis, a shift in the glass transition temperature (Tg) for the soft block in the host matrix towards higher values upon the addition of both ILs is also observed. The composite films show a temperature-dependent permeation with a step change corresponding to the solid–liquid phase change in the ILs. Thus, the prepared polymer gel/ILs composite membranes provide the possibility of modulating the transport properties of the polymer matrix simply by playing with temperature. The permeation of all the investigated gases obeys an Arrhenius-type law. A specific permeation behavior, depending on the heating–cooling cycle sequence, can be observed for carbon dioxide. The obtained results indicate the potential interest of the developed nanocomposites as CO2 valves for smart packaging applications.

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46

Gebremariam, Shemelis N., Trine Hvoslef-Eide, Meseret T. Terfa, and Jorge M. Marchetti. "Techno-Economic Performance of Different Technological Based Bio-Refineries for Biofuel Production." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 3916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203916.

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There are different technologies for biodiesel production, each having its benefits and drawbacks depending on the type of feedstock and catalyst used. In this study, the techno-economic performances of four catalyst technologies were investigated. The catalysts were bulk calcium oxide (CaO), enzyme, nano-calcium oxide, and ionic liquid. The study was mainly based on process simulations designed using Aspen Plus and SuperPro software. The quantity and quality of biodiesel and glycerol, as well as the amount of biodiesel per amount of feedstock, were the parameters to evaluate technical performances. The parameters for economic performances were total investment cost, unit production cost, net present value (NPV), internal return rate (IRR), and return over investment (ROI). Technically, all the studied options provided fuel quality biodiesel and high purity glycerol. However, under the assumed market scenario, the process using bulk CaO catalyst was more economically feasible and tolerable to the change in market values of major inputs and outputs. On the contrary, the enzyme catalyst option was very expensive and economically infeasible for all considered ranges of cost of feedstock and product. The result of this study could be used as a basis to do detail estimates for the practical implementation of the efficient process.

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Fang, Wenjuan, Yaqin Zhang, Zifeng Yang, Zhencai Zhang, Fei Xu, Weiwei Wang, Hongyan He, Yanyan Diao, Yanqiang Zhang, and Yunjun Luo. "Efficient activation of dimethyl carbonate to synthesize bio-based polycarbonate by eco-friendly amino acid ionic liquid catalyst." Applied Catalysis A: General 617 (May 2021): 118111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2021.118111.

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48

Sun, Shangde, Yaping Lv, Gaoshang Wang, and Xiaowei Chen. "Soybean oil-based monoacylglycerol synthesis using bio-compatible amino acid ionic liquid as a catalyst at low temperature." Journal of Molecular Liquids 340 (October 2021): 117231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117231.

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49

Yang, Chun-Yao, and Tony J. Fang. "Kinetics for enzymatic hydrolysis of rice hulls by the ultrasonic pretreatment with a bio-based basic ionic liquid." Biochemical Engineering Journal 100 (August 2015): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2015.04.012.

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50

López, Mar, Sandra Rivas, Carlos Vila, Valentín Santos, and Juan Carlos Parajó. "Performance of 1-(3-Sulfopropyl)-3-Methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate as a Catalyst for Hardwood Upgrading into Bio-Based Platform Chemicals." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (August 15, 2020): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080937.

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The acidic ionic liquid 1-(3-sulfopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([C3SO3Hmim]HSO4) was employed as a catalyst for manufacturing polysaccharide-derived products (soluble hemicellulose-derived saccharides, furans, and/or organic acids) from Eucalyptus globulus wood. Operation was performed in aqueous media supplemented with [C3SO3Hmim]HSO4 and methyl isobutyl ketone, following two different processing schemes: one-pot reaction or the solubilization of hemicelluloses by hydrothermal processing followed by the separate manufacture of the target compounds from both hemicellulose-derived saccharides and cellulose. Depending on the operational conditions, the one-pot reaction could be directed to the formation of furfural (at molar conversions up to 92.6%), levulinic acid (at molar conversions up to 45.8%), or mixtures of furfural and levulinic acid (at molar conversions up to 81.3% and 44.8%, respectively). In comparison, after hydrothermal processing, the liquid phase (containing hemicellulose-derived saccharides) yielded furfural at molar conversions near 78%, whereas levulinic acid was produced from the cellulose-enriched, solid phase at molar conversions up to 49.5%.

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