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Статті в журналах з теми "Bimrock"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Sunuwar, S. C., B. N. Upreti, and U. Glawe. "An overview of bimrocks and related engineering geological problems in the Nepal Himalaya." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 40 (December 1, 2010): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v40i0.23596.

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Анотація:

Rocks falling under the category of bimrocks are common in Nepal and are covering large areas of the country. However, knowledge on their exact distribution is limited, and data on classification and quantification of engineering properties are practically nonexistent. So far, the bimrock terminology is not commonly used for engineering classification of rocks in Nepal. However, three types of bimrocks can be identified in Nepal, they are: cataclastic or shear zone bimrocks, conglomeratic bimrocks and the bimrocks produced by weathering. The thickness of the bimrock strata varies according to the geological and tectonic settings and can reach several kilometres. Due to the relative weakness of bimrocks and the high erodability, they can pose serious problems such as excessive overbreak, water inflow and large rock mass deformations in tunnelling, and slope instabilities in road cuts and other excavations for surface structures. Efforts on the study of bimrocks in Nepal are initiated recently and is considered to help identifying, addressing and solving the associated problems.

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2

Nikolaidis, G., and C. Saroglou. "ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISATION OF BLOCK-IN-MATRIX ROCKS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 2 (July 27, 2017): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11793.

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Block-in-matrix rocks (“bimrocks”) are complex, mixed and heterogeneous formations of competent blocks embedded in weaker matrix. The inherent difficulty of sampling and consequently, laboratory testing of bimrocks leads to considerable challenging in geotechnical design and assessment of their engineering behaviour. An approach for the characterisation of “bimrocks” is the use of stereological analysis that extrapolates one-dimensional or two dimensional data to estimate the block volumetric proportion. This has been an established approach of dealing with bimrocks and melanges for the last two decades. This paper presents the parameters that are considered important for the engineering characterisation of such complex formations, while a case study from a bimrock in NW Greece is discussed.

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3

Meng, H. J., Y. Wang, and J. Y. Ren. "In Situ X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) Investigation on Localized Deformation and Crack Damage Evolution in a Bimrock by Tracking Rock Blocks." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (October 20, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8851817.

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Instability of rock mass with block-in-matrix-rocks (bimrocks) often poses a threat to the geological and ecological environment; thus, investigation of the localized deformation and crack damage evolution is critical to predict the bimrock hazards. In this work, triaxial compression testing on block-in-matrix-soils (bimsoils) with a rock block percentage of 40% (mass ratio) was performed under tomographic monitoring using an original experimental setup specially designed to match the 450 kV industrial x-ray Computerized Tomography (CT) apparatus. A series of 2D CT images were obtained by carrying out CT scanning at key points throughout the test and from different positions in the sample. The physical strain localization phenomenon was well investigated using the proposed Block Tracking Movement (BTM) method to track the trajectory of rock blocks during deformation. The distribution and morphology of cracks are strongly influenced by the interactions between the rock block and the soil matrix including the repeating contact and separation between them that finally results in the macroscopic pattern of cracking. The displacement vector analysis revealed the spatial kinematics of rock blocks during sample deformation and the associated localized band evolution, which was consistent with the macroscopic crack pattern observation. The cracks corresponding to the low-density regions in the bimrock sample further indicate the inhomogeneous pattern of localized deformation. The meso-structural changes and strain localization of the bimrock under triaxial deformation are discussed first by analyzing the rock block movement using x-ray CT data.

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4

Wang, Yu, Hongjian Wang, Sun Tao, and Xuefeng Yi. "On the Dynamic Mechanical Behaviors of a Fault Unwelded Bimrock Exposed to Freeze-Thaw-Fatigue Loads: A Lab-Scale Testing." Geofluids 2022 (March 30, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7851201.

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This work is aimed at investigating the mechanical behaviors of a fault unwelded bimrock subjected to coupled freeze-thaw (FT) and fatigue loads. The influence of FT cycle on rock strength, deformation, damage evolution, and failure morphology was detailed investigated. The testing results show that the soil-rock interface is sensitive to freeze-thaw condition. Interface damage and cracking contribute a lot to sample strength, volumetric deformation, and damage evolution. In addition, a sudden increase of stress amplitude results in the increase of damage, afterwards, the coupling degree of bimrock improves with the increase of loading cycles. A coupling freeze-thaw and mechanical damage evolution model was proposed using the damage index defined by ultrasonic velocity and axial strain. It is found that the evolution trend of the model is strongly related to the previous freeze-thaw damage. Moreover, failure mode of bimrock changes from shear failure to bulging failure with increasing FT cycles. The failure process of bimrock is the rearrangement of the fine soil particles and rock blocks, the soil matrix and rock block bear axial cyclic loads by their interactions.

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5

Ramos-Cañón, Alfonso Mariano, Lady Carolina Castro-Malaver, Nelly Vanessa Padilla-Bello, and Carlos Alberto Vega-Posada. "Incertidumbre en la determinación del Porcentaje Volumétrico de Bloques de BIMrocks/BIMsoil a partir de información unidimensional." Revista Boletín de Geología 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v42n1-2020004.

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Анотація:

La caracterización mecánica de depósitos de materiales heterogéneos (BIMrocks/BIMsoil – Block in Matrix) requiere del conocimiento de la cantidad de bloques inmersos en una matriz débil (Proporción Volumétrica de Bloques, PVB). La aleatoriedad en el proceso de formación de dichos depósitos impide obtener información unívoca mediante estudios geotécnicos convencionales. Es posible reconocer que a medida que aumenta el número y la profundidad de las perforaciones, se disminuye la incertidumbre en la determinación de la PVB, sin embargo, la cuantificación de la disminución de la incertidumbre no ha sido abarcada de manera comprensiva. La determinación de la PVB en materiales BIMrock/BIMsoil tiene asociada una incertidumbre que se ha estudiado con modelos físicos y analíticos. Dichos modelos no consideran la influencia de factores como el tamaño, forma y orientación de los bloques, que simultáneamente inciden en la cuantificación de la incertidumbre en la PVB.En este trabajo se desarrolló un algoritmo y se implementó computacionalmente para analizar la influencia de la longitud y el número de las perforaciones, junto con la forma y orientación de los bloques, sobre el nivel de incertidumbre en la determinación de la PVB. Los resultados sugieren que a mayor investigación del subsuelo (número y longitud de perforaciones), independiente de la forma, tamaño y orientación de los bloques, se disminuye la incertidumbre epistémica en la PVB. Sin embargo, dicha incertidumbre tiene un límite inferior que obedece a la naturaleza aleatoria propia de la formación del material BIMrock/BIMsoil

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6

Lu, Yu-Chen, Yong-Ming Tien, Charng Hsein Juang, and Jeen-Shang Lin. "Uncertainty of volume fraction in bimrock using the scan-line method and its application in the estimation of deformability parameters." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 79, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 1651–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01635-7.

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AbstractThe volume fraction within a bimrock or bimsoil is an essential parameter that is useful for estimating the engineering properties of heterogeneous geomaterials. This paper presents analytical and numerical solutions to quantify the uncertainty of volume fraction measurements in bimrock/bimsoil using a scan-line method. The analytical solutions for the mean and variance of volume fraction estimates are based on a representative volume element model. The numerical solution is obtained through simulations of scan-line measurements. This work also employs physical tests using CT scan images from artificial bimrock/bimsoil to validate these solutions. The results demonstrate that the uncertainties of the volume fraction depend on the magnitude of the volume fraction of the blocks, the diameter of the blocks, and the length of the scan line. The proposed analytical and numerical solutions are compared with existing physical experimental tests and analytical solutions. An illustrative example to demonstrate the estimation of the uncertainty of volume fraction using the scan-line measurement is present. Finally, an example application of the volume fraction characterization in the geological engineering, in terms of Young’s modulus estimation and characterization, is provided.

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7

Jovanovska, T., and E. Angelova. "Some aspects of andesitic Bimrock characterisation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 833, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/833/1/012062.

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8

Napoli, Maria Lia, Lorenzo Milan, Monica Barbero, and Edmund Medley. "Investigation of Virtual Bimrocks to Estimate 3D Volumetric Block Proportions from 1D Boring Measurements." Geosciences 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12110405.

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Анотація:

Serious deficiencies in ground characterization, analysis and design at engineering works can occur when working with bimrocks (block-in-matrix rocks) and bimsoils (block-in-matrix soils). Since the 1990s, serious technical problems at engineering works performed in bimrocks/bimsoils spurred practical research, which revealed that the behavior of these geomaterials is directly related to the volumetric block proportions (VBPs). However, the way that VBPs can be confidently and correctly estimated remains an ongoing critical issue that still frustrates designers, contractors and owners. Stereological techniques can be applied to overcome this challenge by inferring 3D block contents from in situ 1D and 2D measurements, but the estimates have often been demonstrated to be erroneous. This paper presents findings from a computer-aided reinvestigation, revalidation and extension of Medley’s work of 1997 and subsequent researchers to provide approachable yet statistically robust methods to limit the uncertainty associated with estimates of 3D VBPs generated from 1D boring/scanline measurements. To this aim, a specialized Matlab code was created and virtual drilling programs were performed through 3D computer-generated bimrock models. Supported by extensive statistical-based investigations, a design chart is provided that updates and extends Medley’s 1999 chart relating uncertainty in estimates of VBP as a function of total boring/scanline lengths.

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9

Sonmez, H., C. Gokceoglu, E. W. Medley, E. Tuncay, and H. A. Nefeslioglu. "Estimating the uniaxial compressive strength of a volcanic bimrock." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 43, no. 4 (June 2006): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.09.014.

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10

Coli, N., P. Berry, D. Boldini, and R. Bruno. "The contribution of geostatistics to the characterisation of some bimrock properties." Engineering Geology 137-138 (June 2012): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.03.015.

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11

Coli, N., P. Berry, and D. Boldini. "In situ non-conventional shear tests for the mechanical characterisation of a bimrock." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 48, no. 1 (January 2011): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.09.012.

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12

Sonmez, H., M. Ercanoglu, A. Kalender, G. Dagdelenler, and C. Tunusluoglu. "Predicting uniaxial compressive strength and deformation modulus of volcanic bimrock considering engineering dimension." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 86 (July 2016): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.03.022.

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13

Mahdevari, Saeed, and Parviz Moarefvand. "Experimental investigation of fractal dimension effect on deformation modulus of an artificial bimrock." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 77, no. 4 (June 13, 2017): 1729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1074-8.

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14

Pasato Jarro, Joao Andrés, Gregory Guillermo Cuesta Andrade, Santiago Nathanael Toapanta Santacruz, and Jenny Priscila Granja Carrera. "Criterios de diseño de estabilidad de taludes en coluviales de bloques (Bimrock o block in matrix)." Ciencia Digital 3, no. 3.1 (July 15, 2019): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33262/cienciadigital.v3i3.1.682.

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Анотація:

El presente trabajo intenta habilitar el método de cálculo para la estabilidad de taludes en materiales coluviales (Bimrocks o blocks in matrix) que han sido estudiados por varios autores en estos últimos años, aplicados a terrenos heterogéneos en zonas tropicales y montañosas, como los que se encuentran ubicados en el estado de Jambu y Kashmir en la India. Mediante la utilización de diferentes gráficos, que son el resultado de varias investigaciones, se desarrolla la metodología que permite obtener propiedades mecánicas de un talud como son: cohesión (c), fricción (φ) y resistencia a la compresión simple (UCS) a partir de los parámetros resistentes de la matriz. Los gráficos muestran la relación entre la proporción volumétrica de bloques (VBP) y los diferentes incrementos de (c), (φ) y (UCS), mejorando de esta manera las propiedades mecánicas del talud. Para validar la metodología de cálculo, se realizó el análisis de un talud por el método de elementos finitos (M.E.F), observando de esta manera los resultados que mejor se ajustan a la situación actual del talud (estable). Los modelos que resultaron relevantes para esta investigación fueron: el modelo de Lindquist (1994) y el modelo de Sonmez (2009); donde se obtuvieron factores de seguridad mayores que 1 en condiciones secas y críticas.

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15

Avşar, Elif. "Contribution of fractal dimension theory into the uniaxial compressive strength prediction of a volcanic welded bimrock." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 79, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 3605–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01778-y.

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16

Avşar, Elif. "An experimental investigation of shear strength behavior of a welded bimrock by meso-scale direct shear tests." Engineering Geology 294 (December 2021): 106321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106321.

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17

Napoli, Maria Lia, Lorenzo Milan, Monica Barbero, and Claudio Scavia. "Preliminary Characterisation of an Italian Soft Rock with a Block-in-Matrix Fabric." Geosciences 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12020070.

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Mélanges are heterogeneous geological deposits and represent the most widespread bimrock (block-in-matrix) formations. This paper presents the efforts undertaken to characterise an Italian mélange composed of a clayey-marly matrix enclosing strong calcareous blocks. Due to its low uniaxial compressive strength, this geomaterial can be classified as a soft rock. The weak nature of the marly matrix and its water sensitivity, as well as the presence of rock inclusions, made the collection and preparation of intact specimens extremely complex and time-consuming operations. The difficulties encountered during these phases are described in detail; the various non-conventional procedures considered and developed to overcome these problems are also presented. The potential of the solutions proposed lies in the fact that they can be conveniently applied to other soft rocks with a block-in-matrix internal arrangement, such as the Italian mélange. To characterise the Italian mélange, point load and uniaxial compressive tests were carried out. From the results of these tests, a conversion factor equal to 14 is proposed to correct the point load strength index in order to estimate the uniaxial compressive strength of soft rocks, such as the mélange under study. Moreover, to estimate local strains and the deformability of the geomaterial, the non-destructive digital image correlation technique was applied.

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18

Lin, Yuexiang, Limin Peng, Mingfeng Lei, Xiang Wang, and Chengyong Cao. "Predicting the Mechanical Properties of Bimrocks with High Rock Block Proportions Based on Resonance Testing Technology and Damage Theory." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (August 28, 2019): 3537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173537.

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Block-in-matrix-rocks (bimrocks) are very complicated geological masses that cause many challenging problems during the design and construction of engineering projects, such as parameter determination and landsliding. Successful engineering design and construction depends on a suitable constitutive model and reliable design parameters for geological masses. In this paper, the vibration attenuation signal of welded bimrocks was obtained and studied using resonance test technology. Combined with a uniaxial compression test, a constitutive model was proposed to describe the mechanical behavior of welded bimrocks. On this basis, the relations between the dynamic elastic modulus and the physical parameters of bimrocks were established, which included macroscopic mechanical parameters and damage constitutive parameters. Consequently, a new technological process was proposed to provide quick identification of the mechanical properties of welded bimrocks. The results indicate that the dynamic elastic modulus is highly correlated with the rock block proportion (RBP) and uniaxial compression strength (UCS). It is an effective parameter to predict the strength of the bimrocks with high RBPs. Additionally, the proposed constitutive model, which is based on damage theory, can accurately simulate the strain softening behavior of the bimrocks. Combining the resonant frequency technology and the proposed constitutive model, the complete stress strain curve can be obtained in a rapid and accurate manner, which provides a further guarantee of the stability and safety of underground engineering.

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19

Afifipour, Mohammad, and Parviz Moarefvand. "Mechanical behavior of bimrocks having high rock block proportion." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 65 (January 2014): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.11.008.

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20

Napoli, Maria Lia, Monica Barbero, Elena Ravera, and Claudio Scavia. "A stochastic approach to slope stability analysis in bimrocks." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 101 (January 2018): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.11.009.

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21

Lin, Yue-xiang, Li-min Peng, Ming-feng Lei, Wei-chao Yang, and Jian-wen Liu. "Mechanical properties of bimrocks with high rock block proportion." Journal of Central South University 26, no. 12 (December 2019): 3397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-019-4262-9.

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22

Kiliç, Recep, and Koray Ulamiş. "Toppling and sliding in volcanic bimrocks around Bayrakli (Izmir, Turkey)." Journal of Mountain Science 17, no. 2 (February 2020): 492–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-019-5648-8.

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23

Killeen, John, and Jennifer Kidd. "A rejoinder to Bimrose & Bayne." British Journal of Guidance and Counselling 23, no. 3 (October 1, 1995): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069889500760391.

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24

Killeen, John, and Jennifer M. Kidd. "A rejoinder to Bimrose & Bayne." British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 23, no. 3 (October 1995): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069889508253698.

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25

Napoli, Maria Lia, Lorenzo Milan, Monica Barbero, and Claudio Scavia. "Identifying uncertainty in estimates of bimrocks volumetric proportions from 2D measurements." Engineering Geology 278 (December 2020): 105831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105831.

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26

Kalender, A., H. Sonmez, E. Medley, C. Tunusluoglu, and K. E. Kasapoglu. "An approach to predicting the overall strengths of unwelded bimrocks and bimsoils." Engineering Geology 183 (December 2014): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.10.007.

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27

Ding, Yu, Qiang Zhang, Shiwei Zhao, Weijiang Chu, and Qingxiang Meng. "An improved DEM-based mesoscale modeling of bimrocks with high-volume fraction." Computers and Geotechnics 157 (May 2023): 105351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2023.105351.

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28

Afifipour, Mohammad, and Parviz Moarefvand. "Experimental study of post-peak behavior of bimrocks with high rock block proportions." Journal of Central South University 21, no. 2 (February 2014): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-014-1999-z.

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29

Tsiambaos, G. "ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF HETEROGENEOUS AND CHAOTIC ROCK MASSES." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 1 (January 19, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11173.

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Анотація:

The engineering characterization of heterogeneous and complex geological formations for estimating their rock mass strength and deformability characteristics constitutes a challenge to geo-scientists and engineers dealing with the design and construction of slopes and tunnels. Mélanges and similar heterogeneous mixtures of hard blocks in weaker matrix, known as “bimrocks”, present an overall strength significantly greater than the matrix strength, because the presence of rock blocks, above a threshold volumetric proportion, influences the mechanical characteristics and the behaviour of these rock masses. Moreover, recent studies have shown that the strength and mechanical behaviour of heterogeneous and composite rock masses such as flysch and molasses consisting of alternating layers of competent and incompetent rocks are governed by the presence and volumetric percentage of the interlayers of the weaker rocks.

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30

Sharafisafa, Mansour, Zeinab Aliabadian, and Luming Shen. "Crack initiation and failure development in bimrocks using digital image correlation under dynamic load." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 109 (October 2020): 102688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2020.102688.

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31

Mahdevari, Saeed, Parviz Moarefvand, and Danial Mohammadzamani. "Considering the Effect of Block-to-Matrix Strength Ratio on Geomechanical Parameters of Bimrocks." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 38, no. 5 (April 13, 2020): 4501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01304-7.

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32

Napoli, M. L., M. Barbero, D. Minuto, L. Morandi, and H. Ullah. "The relict landslide in bimsoils in downtown Genova, Italy: a new modeling approach." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1124, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012124.

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Анотація:

Abstract Stability problems occurring in geological units with a block-in-matrix fabric are often analyzed with deterministic approaches and/or assuming block-in-matrix rocks/soils (bimrocks or bimsoils) to be homogeneous equivalent geomaterials. However, recent studies have demonstrated that since these formations are characterized by a great (dimensional, spatial and lithological) variability, reliable results can only be obtained if a stochastic approach accounting for different block arrangements and dimensions is used. This paper extends and improves a previous study from Minuto and Morandi (2015) to evaluate the stability of a relict landslide in bimsoil located in downtown Genova (Italy), where a deterministic approach and the traditional limit equilibrium method were used. In this work, different slope models with elliptical blocks of variable eccentricity, size and positions are generated by means of a stochastic approach and are analyzed with the FEM code RS2. Moreover, since the slope can be considered to be a bimsoil, interfaces between the blocks and matrix are introduced in order to better simulate the lower strength at the block/matrix contacts. The numerical analyses of the slope reveal that shallow failure surfaces have a higher probability of occurrence as compared to the deep failure surfaces considered by Minuto and Morandi (2015). Furthermore, lower safety factors are obtained when a block-matrix interface strength smaller than that of the matrix (i.e., a bimsoil) is simulated.

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33

Morrison, Keith. "Researching the need for multicultural perspectives in counsellor training: a critique of Bimrose & Bayne." British Journal of Guidance and Counselling 25, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069889700760071.

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34

Morrison, Keith. "Researching the need for multicultural perspectives in counsellor training: A critique of Bimrose & Bayne." British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 25, no. 1 (February 1997): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069889708253723.

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35

Flick, Uwe, and Gundula Röhnsch. "Alexander Newman, Jenny Bimrose, Ingrid Nielsen, Hannes Zacher (Hrsg.): Special Issue ›Vocational Behavior of Refugees: How Do Refugees Seek Employment, Overcome Work-related Challenges, and Navigate their Careers?‹." Zeitschrift für Flüchtlingsforschung 4, no. 2 (2020): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2509-9485-2020-2-330.

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36

Wan, Yuhao, Xiaoyan Zhao, Guangze Zhang, Bernd Wünnemann, Sixiang Ling, and Caiyun Zeng. "Experimental Study on Non-Darcian Flow in Phyllite Bimrocks With the Orientation of Blocks." Frontiers in Earth Science 10 (June 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.888975.

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Phyllite bimrocks are widely distributed in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and it is the main geomaterial for landslides, slopes, dam basement and subgrades in this area. However, the flow behavior of phyllite bimrocks is unknown, especially the flow behavior of phyllite bimrocks with the orientation of blocks. This paper reports the coupling characteristics of flow and orientation of blocks in phyllite bimrocks. The flow behavior of phyllite bimrocks with different block percentages and block sizes was studied by a series of permeability experiments. A large-scale permeability apparatus was designed, and specimens with varying percentages of block and block sizes were produced by the same dip angle of blocks and compaction degree. Based on the Reynolds number analysis, it was found that the flow in phyllite bimrocks becomes laminar to turbulent under lower hydraulic gradient, and the flow behavior of phyllite bimrocks does not obey Darcy’s law. Furthermore, the Forchheimer equation is better at analyzing the flow behavior of phyllite bimrocks compared with Izbash equation. In addition, based on the coefficients a in the Forchheimer equation, the hydraulic conductivity of phyllite bimrocks can be calculated. The calculation result shows that when the percentage of blocks is 25%, the hydraulic conductivity reaches the minimum. Besides, the hydraulic conductivity increases approximately linear with the block size increase. On the basis of previous studies, coefficients A and B of the Forchheimer equation are detected by the normalized objective function analysis. The results would provide a valuable reference for risk assessment and prevention of phyllite bimrock slope.

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Napoli, Maria Lia, Monica Barbero, and Claudio Scavia. "Effects of block shape and inclination on the stability of melange bimrocks." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, September 18, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02419-8.

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AbstractA wide range of heterogeneous geological units composed of strong rock blocks enclosed in a bonded matrix of fine texture exists worldwide. Such geomaterials belong to geotechnically complex formations and are often referred to as bimrocks (block-in-matrix rocks) or bimsoils (block-in-matrix soils), as a function of their matrix characteristics and the interface strength between the matrix and blocks. Stability problems occurring in such complex geomaterials have been analysed almost exclusively by means of deterministic approaches and with the aim of investigating the effects of variable block contents on their mechanical behaviour. However, bimrocks and bimsoils can present very different internal block-in-matrix arrangements and properties according to their forming process and, consequently, significantly dissimilar mechanical behaviours. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to statistically investigate and compare the stability of theoretical slopes in the most widespread bimrock formations, i.e. sedimentary and tectonic melanges. These formations are characterised by substantial differences in their rock inclusion geometry. To this aim, a great number of 2D slope models were generated to enclose blocks with variable shapes, dimensions, arrangements, inclinations and contents. To obtain statistically based results, fifteen configurations were analysed for each block content and geometrical configuration considered. The results obtained indicate that block shapes and orientations significantly affect the stability of slopes in bimrocks only when the block contents are greater than 40%. Moreover, it is demonstrated that blocks inclined 0° to the horizontal provide the most tortuous and irregular failure surfaces and, consequently, the highest safety factors.

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Karahan, Murat, Hakan Ersoy, Muhammet Oğuz Sünnetçi, and Özge Örgen. "Hacimsel Dane Oranının ve Dane Boyutunun Hamurda Kayaların (BIMRock) Dayanımı Üzerindeki Etkisi." Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, December 15, 2016, 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.24232/jeoloji-muhendisligi-dergisi.295437.

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39

Wang, Yu, Tianqiao Mao, Bo Zhang, Yingjie Xia, and Xuefeng Yi. "Macro‐meso fatigue damage and instability of a fault bimrock exposed to multistage cyclic triaxial loads with different confining pressure." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, June 19, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ffe.13770.

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Hu, Yanran, Shaorui Sun, and Jihong Wei. "Effect of Cementation Degree on Shear Characteristic and Failure Mechanism of Bimrocks Containing Gravels of Different Sizes." Lithosphere 2022, Special 10 (June 16, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/2022/1334579.

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Abstract To reveal the influence of cementation degree on the mechanical properties of bimrocks with different particle sizes under different types and contents of cement, indoor direct shear tests as well as numerical tests were conducted. The variation law of mechanical properties and the development law of internal force chain distribution of bimrocks under different conditions are fully studied. The specimens with three particle sizes, two cementing types (cement and gypsum), and three cementing contents were prepared for indoor shear tests under different normal stresses. The results show that the fluctuation of shear stress-displacement curve of bimrocks with round gravels of large particle size is relatively gentle, and the fluctuation of residual strength is relatively small. Under low normal stress, the peak shear strength of bimrocks with round gravels of large particle size can be increased by 115.2% under the action of cementation. Compared with the cohesion of samples without cementation, the maximum improvement of the cohesion of the samples containing large particle size, small particle size, and mixed particle size with different cementing materials is 143.2%, 149.0%, and 141.9%, respectively. The results show that, compared with the internal friction angle of samples without cementation, the maximum increases of the internal friction angle of the samples with large particle size, small particle size, and mixed particle size for adding different contents of cementing materials are 15.7%, 18.5%, and 21.2%, respectively. Numerical tests show that, with the increase of cementation degree, the gathering of force chain is more obvious and more concentrated near the shear surface.

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Wan, Yuhao, Xiaoyan Zhao, Bernd Wünnemann, Sixiang Ling, and Caiyun Zeng. "Flow behavior of phyllite bimrocks having the orientation of blocks." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 15, no. 9 (April 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10026-4.

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Wan, Yuhao, Xiaoyan Zhao, Bernd Wünnemann, Sixiang Ling, and Caiyun Zeng. "Flow behavior of phyllite bimrocks having the orientation of blocks." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 15, no. 9 (April 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10026-4.

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Mahdevari, Saeed, and Parviz Maarefvand. "Applying ultrasonic waves to evaluate the volumetric block proportion of bimrocks." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 10, no. 9 (May 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-2999-8.

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Wang, Yu, Tianqiao Mao, Yingjie Xia, Xiao Li, and Xuefeng Yi. "Macro-meso fatigue failure of bimrocks with various block content subjected to multistage fatigue triaxial loads." International Journal of Fatigue, May 2022, 107014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.107014.

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45

Mahdevari, Saeed, and Parviz Maarefvand. "An investigation into the effects of block size distribution function on the strength of bimrocks based on large-scale laboratory tests." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 9, no. 7 (June 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2499-2.

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