Статті в журналах: "Bifidobacteriaceae"

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Tauchi, H., K. Yahagi, T. Yamauchi, T. Hara, R. Yamaoka, N. Tsukuda, Y. Watanabe, et al. "Gut microbiota development of preterm infants hospitalised in intensive care units." Beneficial Microbes 10, no. 6 (July 10, 2019): 641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2019.0003.

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Gut microbiome development affects infant health and postnatal physiology. The gut microbe assemblages of preterm infants have been reported to be different from that of healthy term infants. However, the patterns of ecosystem development and inter-individual differences remain poorly understood. We investigated hospitalised preterm infant gut microbiota development using 16S rRNA gene amplicons and the metabolic profiles of 268 stool samples obtained from 17 intensive care and 42 term infants to elucidate the dynamics and equilibria of the developing microbiota. Infant gut microbiota were predominated by Gram-positive cocci, Enterobacteriaceae or Bifidobacteriaceae, which showed sequential transitions to Bifidobacteriaceae-dominated microbiota. In neonatal intensive care unit preterm infants (NICU preterm infants), Staphylococcaceae abundance was higher immediately after birth than in healthy term infants, and Bifidobacteriaceae colonisation tended to be delayed. No specific NICU-cared infant enterotype-like cluster was observed, suggesting that the constrained environment only affected the pace of transition, but not infant gut microbiota equilibrium. Moreover, infants with Bifidobacteriaceae-dominated microbiota showed higher acetate concentrations and lower pH, which have been associated with host health. Our data provides an in-depth understanding of gut microbiota development in NICU preterm infants and complements earlier studies. Understanding the patterns and inter-individual differences of the preterm infant gut ecosystem is the first step towards controlling the risk of diseases in premature infants by targeting intestinal microbiota.

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Beighton, David, Steven C. Gilbert, Douglas Clark, Maria Mantzourani, Mustafa al-Haboubi, Farida Ali, Elizabeth Ransome, et al. "Isolation and Identification of Bifidobacteriaceae from Human Saliva." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 20 (August 22, 2008): 6457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00895-08.

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ABSTRACT Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from saliva and infected dentine by using a mupirocin-based selective medium. Of the saliva samples, 94% harbored bifids. The mean concentration (± the standard error) was 4.46 (±0.12) log10(CFU per ml + 1), and the predominant isolates were Bifidobacterium dentium, B. longum, Scardovia inopinata, Parascardovia denticolens, and Alloscardovia omnicolens.

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Gonai, M., A. Shigehisa, I. Kigawa, K. Kurasaki, O. Chonan, T. Matsuki, Y. Yoshida, M. Aida, K. Hamano, and Y. Terauchi. "Galacto-oligosaccharides ameliorate dysbiotic Bifidobacteriaceae decline in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes." Beneficial Microbes 8, no. 5 (October 13, 2017): 705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2016.0230.

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Gut microbiota affects the host’s metabolism, and it is suggested that there are differences in gut microbiota composition between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy individuals. Additionally, dysbiosis may increase the concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), causing metabolic endotoxemia, which induces impaired glucose tolerance. Several studies have reported relationships between metabolic diseases and the gut microbiota; and prebiotics, such as oligosaccharides, are commonly consumed to regulate gut microbiotas in healthy individuals. Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are a major prebiotic, which specifically increase Bifidobacteriaceae abundance. Recent studies have reported that Bifidobacteriaceae improved metabolic endotoxemia or impaired glucose tolerance. However, there are few studies reporting the effects of GOS on patients with type 2 diabetes. In the current study, we compared clinical parameters, faecal gut microbiota, their associated metabolic products and their components such as LPS, and LPS-binding protein (LBP) produced by the host, between patients with diabetes and healthy controls. We then assessed the effects of GOS on glycaemic control, and gut microbiotas and metabolites in patients with type 2 diabetes in a double-blind controlled manner. LBP levels were significantly higher in patients with diabetes than those of healthy subjects, which was consistent with previous reports. The abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and the diversity of intestinal microbiota were significantly lower in patients with diabetes than in healthy subjects. Interestingly, Bifidobacteriaceae was markedly restored in patients with diabetes after consumption of GOS, whereas LBP and glucose tolerance did not improve during this short-term trial period. In the present study, we demonstrated that GOS can ameliorate dysbiosis in patients with diabetes, and continuous intake of GOS may be a promising method for managing type 2 diabetes.

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Duysburgh, Cindy, Pieter Van den Abbeele, Dennis Franckenstein, Martin Westphal, Angelika Kuchinka-Koch, and Massimo Marzorati. "Co-Administration of Lactulose Crystals with Amoxicillin Followed by Prolonged Lactulose Treatment Promotes Recovery of the Human Gut Microbiome In Vitro." Antibiotics 11, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070962.

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The validated SHIME model was used to assess the effect of repeated administration of two different lactulose dosages (5 g/d and 10 g/d) on the human gut microbiome during and following amoxicillin–clavulanic acid treatment. First, antibiotic treatment strongly decreased Bifidobacteriaceae levels from 54.4% to 0.6% and from 23.8% to 2.3% in the simulated proximal and distal colon, respectively, coinciding with a marked reduction in butyrate concentrations. Treatment with lactulose enhanced acetate and lactate levels during antibiotic treatment, likely through lactulose fermentation by Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae. One week after cessation of antibiotic treatment, Bifidobacteriaceae levels re-increased to 20.4% and 7.6% in the proximal and distal colon of the 5 g lactulose/d co-administered unit, as compared with 1.0% and 2.2% in the antibiotic-treated unit, and were even further stimulated upon extension of lactulose administration. Marked butyrogenic effects were observed upon prolonged lactulose supplementation, suggesting the establishment of cross-feeding interactions between Bifidobacteriaceae and butyrate producers. Furthermore, a limited Enterobacteriaceae outgrowth following antibiotic treatment was observed upon dosing with 10 g lactulose/d, indicating inhibition of pathogenic colonization by lactulose following antibiotic therapy. Overall, lactulose seems to be an interesting candidate for limiting the detrimental effects of amoxicillin–clavulanic acid on the human gut microbiome, though further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

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Bian, Yeping, Jian Xu, Xiaojing Deng, and Suming Zhou. "A Mendelian Randomization Study: Roles of Gut Microbiota in Sepsis – Who is the Angle?" Polish Journal of Microbiology 73, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2024-006.

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Abstract Gut microbiota (GM) is a crucial underlying player during sepsis pathogenesis. However, the causal relationship is unclear and remains to be determined. A two-sample Mendelian randomization study was implemented. The statistical data about sepsis together with GM summarized from genome-wide association studies were evaluated. Instrumental variables were defined as single-nucleotide polymorphisms with prominent correlations with exposure. The inverse-variance-weighted test was employed as a major approach of Mendelian randomization analysis to estimate of causal relationships. The inverse-variance-weighted analysis results demonstrated that at different taxa levels, Actinobacteria and Bifidobacteriaceae influence sepsis. Actinobacteria had negative relationships to sepsis risk at the phylum (β = –0.34, SE = 0.10, p = 0.0008) and class (β = –0.23, SE = 0.07, p = 0.0011) levels in outcome coded ieu-b-69. Actinobacteria at the phylum level (β = –0.22, SE = 0.10, p = 0.027) was also negatively associated with sepsis in outcome coded ieu-b-4980. Bifidobacteriaceae at the order (β = –0.20, SE = 0.06, p = 0.0021), family (β = –0.20, SE = 0.06, p = 0.0021), and genus (β = –0.20, SE = 0.06, p = 0.0007) levels were all negatively correlated with the risk of sepsis in outcome coded ieu-b-69. The results of the Wald ratio model showed that Tyzzerella genus (OR (95%CI) = 0.6902[0.4907,0.9708], p = 0.0331) and Gastranaerophilales order (OR (95%CI) = 0.5907[0.3516,0.9926], p = 0.0468) were negatively connected with sepsis. This study implied at different taxa levels Actinobacteria and Bifidobacteriaceae, Tyzzerella genus, and Gastranaerophilales order have a causal relationship with sepsis, indicating that they are protective factors for the incidence of sepsis.

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Modesto, M., B. Biavati, and P. Mattarelli. "Occurrence of the Family Bifidobacteriaceae in Human Dental Caries and Plaque." Caries Research 40, no. 3 (2006): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000092237.

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Dong, Weizhong, Ying Wang, Shuaixiong Liao, Minghang Lai, Li Peng, and Gang Song. "Reduction in the Choking Phenomenon in Elite Diving Athletes Through Changes in Gut Microbiota Induced by Yogurt Containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12: A Quasi Experimental Study." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040597.

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Objective: The aims of this study are as follows: (1) to understand the relationship between gut microbiota and the choking phenomenon in diving athletes, and (2) to regulate the gut microbiota in diving athletes by drinking yogurt containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and observe changes in the choking phenomenon in diving athletes. Methods: Experiment 1: A total of 20 diving athletes were tested in low- and high-pressure situations. Gut microbiota (n = 18) composition was then determined and differences in the gut microbiota composition among diving athletes who presented choking vs. no choking were identified. Experiment 2: A total of 16 divers who presented choking were divided into a high yogurt group (n = 6) and a low yogurt group (n = 10) for 15 days. Results: (1) The content of Veillonellaceae in divers who presented choking was significantly higher when compared to divers who did not present choking (p < 0.05). Bifidobacteriaceae (r = −0.52, p < 0.05) and Lactobacillaceae (r = −0.66, p < 0.05) were negatively correlated with the choking index. (2) During experiment 2, the average daily intake of the high yogurt group was 611.78 ± 94.94 mL and the average daily intake of the low yogurt group was 338 ± 71.45 mL and the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae was significantly higher in the high yogurt group than in the low yogurt group. After the experiment, the choking index in the high yogurt group became significantly lower than that of the low yogurt group (z = −3.26, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The intake of yogurt containing B. animalis subsp. lactis can increase the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae in elite diving athletes and their performance under high pressure. Hence, gut microbiota may affect the choking phenomenon in elite diving athletes.

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Fernandez-Sanjurjo, Manuel, Javier Fernandez, Pablo Martinez-Camblor, Manuel Rodriguez-Alonso, Raquel Ortolano-Rios, Paola Pinto-Hernandez, Juan Castilla-Silgado, et al. "Dynamics of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids during a Cycling Grand Tour Are Related to Exercise Performance and Modulated by Dietary Intake." Nutrients 16, no. 5 (February 27, 2024): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16050661.

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Background: Regular exercise has been described to modify both the diversity and the relative abundance of certain bacterial taxa. To our knowledge, the effect of a cycling stage race, which entails extreme physiological and metabolic demands, on the gut microbiota composition and its metabolic activity has not been analysed. Objective: The aim of this cohort study was to analyse the dynamics of faecal microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content of professional cyclists over a Grand Tour and their relationship with performance and dietary intake. Methods: 16 professional cyclists competing in La Vuelta 2019 were recruited. Faecal samples were collected at four time points: the day before the first stage (A); after 9 stages (B); after 15 stages (C); and on the last stage (D). Faecal microbiota populations and SCFA content were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. A principal component analysis (PCA) followed by Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) models were carried out to explore the dynamics of microbiota and SCFAs and their relationship with performance. Results: Bifidobacteriaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Sutterellaceae dynamics showed a strong final performance predictive value (r = 0.83, ranking, and r = 0.81, accumulated time). Positive correlations were observed between Coriobacteriaceae with acetate (r = 0.530) and isovalerate (r = 0.664) and between Bifidobacteriaceae with isobutyrate (r = 0.682). No relationship was observed between SCFAs and performance. The abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae at the beginning of La Vuelta was directly related to the previous intake of complex-carbohydrate-rich foods (r = 0.956), while during the competition, the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae was negatively affected by the intake of simple carbohydrates from supplements (r = −0.650). Conclusions: An ecological perspective represents more realistically the relationship between gut microbiota composition and performance compared to single-taxon approaches. The composition and periodisation of diet and supplementation during a Grand Tour, particularly carbohydrates, could be designed to modulate gut microbiota composition to allow better performance.

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Huang, Pin-Yu, Yu-Chih Yang, Chun-I. Wang, Pei-Wen Hsiao, Hsin-I. Chiang, and Ting-Wen Chen. "Increase in Akkermansiaceae in Gut Microbiota of Prostate Cancer-Bearing Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 9626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179626.

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Gut microbiota are reported to be associated with many diseases, including cancers. Several bacterial taxa have been shown to be associated with cancer development or response to treatment. However, longitudinal microbiota alterations during the development of cancers are relatively unexplored. To better understand how microbiota changes, we profiled the gut microbiota composition from prostate cancer-bearing mice and control mice at five different time points. Distinct gut microbiota differences were found between cancer-bearing mice and control mice. Akkermansiaceae was found to be significantly higher in the first three weeks in cancer-bearing mice, which implies its role in the early stage of cancer colonization. We also found that Bifidobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae were more abundant in the second and last sampling week, respectively. The increments of Akkermansiaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae were previously found to be associated with responses to immunotherapy, which suggests links between these bacteria families and cancers. Additionally, our function analysis showed that the bacterial taxa carrying steroid biosynthesis and butirosin and neomycin biosynthesis were increased, whereas those carrying naphthalene degradation decreased in cancer-bearing mice. Our work identified the bacteria taxa altered during prostate cancer progression and provided a resource of longitudinal microbiota profiles during cancer development in a mouse model.

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Parkar, Shanthi G., Doug I. Rosendale, Halina M. Stoklosinski, Carel M. H. Jobsis, Duncan I. Hedderley, and Pramod Gopal. "Complementary Food Ingredients Alter Infant Gut Microbiome Composition and Metabolism In Vitro." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (October 3, 2021): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102089.

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We examined the prebiotic potential of 32 food ingredients on the developing infant microbiome using an in vitro gastroileal digestion and colonic fermentation model. There were significant changes in the concentrations of short-chain fatty-acid metabolites, confirming the potential of the tested ingredients to stimulate bacterial metabolism. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing for a subset of the ingredients revealed significant increases in the relative abundances of the lactate- and acetate-producing Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae, and lactate- and acetate-utilizing Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Veillonellaceae. Selective changes in specific bacterial groups were observed. Infant whole-milk powder and an oat flour enhanced Bifidobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria. A New Zealand-origin spinach powder enhanced Prevotellaceae and Lachnospiraceae, while fruit and vegetable powders increased a mixed consortium of beneficial gut microbiota. All food ingredients demonstrated a consistent decrease in Clostridium perfringens, with this organism being increased in the carbohydrate-free water control. While further studies are required, this study demonstrates that the selected food ingredients can modulate the infant gut microbiome composition and metabolism in vitro. This approach provides an opportunity to design nutrient-rich complementary foods that fulfil infants’ growth needs and support the maturation of the infant gut microbiome.

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Firrman, Jenni, Adrienne Narrowe, LinShu Liu, Karley Mahalak, Johanna Lemons, Pieter Van den Abbeele, Aurélien Baudot, et al. "Tomato seed extract promotes health of the gut microbiota and demonstrates a potential new way to valorize tomato waste." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 16, 2024): e0301381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301381.

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The current effort to valorize waste byproducts to increase sustainability and reduce agricultural loss has stimulated interest in potential utilization of waste components as health-promoting supplements. Tomato seeds are often discarded in tomato pomace, a byproduct of tomato processing, yet these seeds are known to contain an array of compounds with biological activity and prebiotic potential. Here, extract from tomato seeds (TSE), acquired from pomace, was evaluated for their ability to effect changes on the gut microbiota using an ex vivo strategy. The results found that TSE significantly increased levels of the beneficial taxa Bifidobacteriaceae in a donor-independent manner, from a range of 18.6–24.0% to 27.0–51.6% relative abundance following treatment, yet the specific strain of Bifidobacteriaceae enhanced was inter-individually variable. These structural changes corresponded with a significant increase in total short-chain fatty acids, specifically acetate and propionate, from an average of 13.3 to 22.8 mmol/L and 4.6 to 7.4 mmol/L, respectively. Together, these results demonstrated that TSE has prebiotic potential by shaping the gut microbiota in a donor-independent manner that may be beneficial to human health. These findings provide a novel application for TSE harvested from tomato pomace and demonstrate the potential to further valorize tomato waste products.

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Akagawa, Shohei, Yuko Akagawa, Sohsaku Yamanouchi, Yoshiki Teramoto, Masahiro Yasuda, Sadayuki Fujishiro, Jiro Kino, et al. "Association of Neonatal Jaundice with Gut Dysbiosis Characterized by Decreased Bifidobacteriales." Metabolites 11, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11120887.

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Neonatal jaundice, caused by excess serum bilirubin levels, is a common condition in neonates. Imbalance in the gut microbiota is believed to play a role in the development of neonatal jaundice. Thus, we aimed to reveal the gut microbiota characteristics in neonates with jaundice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on stool samples collected on day 4 from 26 neonates with jaundice (serum total bilirubin > 15.0 mg/dL) and 17 neonates without jaundice (total serum bilirubin < 10.0 mg/dL). All neonates were born full term, with normal weight, by vaginal delivery, and were breastfed. Neonates who were administered antibiotics, had serum direct bilirubin levels above 1 mg/dL, or had conditions possibly leading to hemolytic anemia were excluded. The median serum bilirubin was 16.0 mg/dL (interquartile range: 15.5–16.8) and 7.4 mg/dL (interquartile range: 6.8–8.3) for the jaundice and non-jaundice groups, respectively. There was no difference in the alpha diversity indices. Meanwhile, in the jaundice group, linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed that Bifidobacteriales were decreased at the order level, while Enterococcaceae were increased and Bifidobacteriaceae were decreased at the family level. Bifidobacteriaceae may act preventatively because of their suppressive effect on beta-glucuronidase, leading to accelerated deconjugation of conjugated bilirubin in the intestine. In summary, neonates with jaundice had dysbiosis characterized by a decreased abundance of Bifidobacteriales.

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Becker, Anne AMJ, Myriam Hesta, Joke Hollants, Geert PJ Janssens, and Geert Huys. "Phylogenetic analysis of faecal microbiota from captive cheetahs reveals underrepresentation of Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacteriaceae." BMC Microbiology 14, no. 1 (2014): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-14-43.

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Wang, Qi, Huajie Dai, Tianzhichao Hou, Yanan Hou, Tiange Wang, Hong Lin, Zhiyun Zhao, et al. "Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, Blood Metabolites, and Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study." Journal of Stroke 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5853/jos.2023.00381.

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Background and Purpose We investigated the causal relationships between the gut microbiota (GM), stroke, and potential metabolite mediators using Mendelian randomization (MR).Methods We leveraged the summary statistics of GM (n=18,340 in the MiBioGen consortium), blood metabolites (n=115,078 in the UK Biobank), and stroke (cases n=60,176 and controls n=1,310,725 in the Global Biobank Meta-Analysis Initiative) from the largest genome-wide association studies to date. We performed bidirectional MR analyses to explore the causal relationships between the GM and stroke, and two mediation analyses, two-step MR and multivariable MR, to discover potential mediating metabolites.Results Ten taxa were causally associated with stroke, and stroke led to changes in 27 taxa. In the two-step MR, Bifidobacteriales order, Bifidobacteriaceae family, Desulfovibrio genus, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), phospholipids in high-density lipoprotein (HDL_PL), and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to ApoA1 (ApoB/ApoA1) were causally associated with stroke (all P<0.044). The causal associations between Bifidobacteriales order, Bifidobacteriaceae family and stroke were validated using the weighted median method in an independent cohort. The three GM taxa were all positively associated with ApoA1 and HDL_PL, whereas Desulfovibrio genus was negatively associated with ApoB/ApoA1 (all P<0.010). Additionally, the causal associations between the three GM taxa and ApoA1 remained significant after correcting for the false discovery rate (all q-values <0.027). Multivariable MR showed that the associations between Bifidobacteriales order, Bifidobacteriaceae family and stroke were mediated by ApoA1 and HDL_PL, each accounting for 6.5% (P=0.028) and 4.6% (P=0.033); the association between Desulfovibrio genus and stroke was mediated by ApoA1, HDL_PL, and ApoB/ApoA1, with mediated proportions of 7.6% (P=0.019), 4.2% (P=0.035), and 9.1% (P=0.013), respectively.Conclusion The current MR study provides evidence supporting the causal relationships between several specific GM taxa and stroke and potential mediating metabolites.

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Van den Abbeele, Pieter, Cindy Duysburgh, Jonas Ghyselinck, Shellen Goltz, Yulia Berezhnaya, Thomas Boileau, Anke De Blaiser, and Massimo Marzorati. "Fructans with Varying Degree of Polymerization Enhance the Selective Growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in the Human Gut Microbiome In Vitro." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020598.

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Synbiotics aim to improve gastrointestinal health by combining pre- and probiotics. This study evaluated combinations of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 with seven fructans: oligofructoses (OF1-OF2; low degree of polymerization (DP)), inulins (IN1-IN2-IN3; high DP) and OF/IN mixtures (OF/IN1-OF/IN2). During monoculture incubations, all fructans were fermented by BB-12 as followed from increased BB-12 numbers and increased acetate and lactate concentrations, with most pronounced fermentation for low DP fructans (OF1-OF2). Further, short-term colonic incubations for three human donors revealed that also in presence of a complex microbiota, all fructans (particularly OF1) consistently selectively enhanced the growth of BB-12. While each fructan as such already increased Bifidobacteriaceae numbers with 0.94–1.26 log(cells/mL), BB-12 co-supplementation additionally increased Bifidobacteriaceae with 0.17–0.46 log(cells/mL). Further, when co-supplemented with fructans, BB-12 decreased Enterobacteriaceae numbers (significant except for IN1-IN3). At metabolic level, all fructans decreased pH due to increased acetate and lactate production, while OF/IN2-IN1-IN2-IN3 also stimulated propionate and butyrate production. BB-12 co-supplementation further increased propionate and butyrate for OF/IN2-IN3 and IN1-IN2, respectively. Overall, combinations of BB-12 with fructans are promising synbiotic concepts, likely due to intracellular consumption of low DP-fructans by BB-12 (either present in starting product or released upon fermentation by indigenous microbes), thereby enhancing effects of the co-administered fructan.

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Sun, Binghua, Xiaojuan Xu, Yingna Xia, Yumei Cheng, Shuxin Mao, Xingjia Xiang, Dongpo Xia, Xi Wang, and Jinhua Li. "Variation of Gut Microbiome in Free-Ranging Female Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) across Different Reproductive States." Animals 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010039.

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The gut microbiome is expected to adapt to the varying energetic and nutritional pressures in females of different reproductive states. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to varying nutrient utilizing efficiency in pregnant and lactating female primates. In this study, we examined variation in the gut bacterial community composition of wild female Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) across different reproductive states (cycling, pregnancy and lactation). Fecal samples (n = 25) were collected from ten adult females harvested across different reproductive states. Gut microbial community composition and potential functions were assessed using 16 S rRNA gene sequences. We found significant changes in gut bacterial taxonomic composition, structure and their potential functions in different reproductive states of our study species. In particular, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly during pregnancy and lactation. In addition, the relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and Succinivibrio (Succinivibrionaceae) were overrepresented in pregnant females, whereas Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacteriaceae) were overrepresented in lactating females. Furthermore, the relative abundance of predicted functional genes of several metabolic pathways related to host’s energy and nutrition, such as metabolism of carbohydrates, cofactors and vitamins, glycans and other amino acids, were enriched in pregnancy and lactation. Our findings suggest that changes in the gut microbiome may play an important role in meeting the energetic needs of pregnant and lactating Tibetan macaques. Future studies of the “microbial reproductive ecology” of primates that incorporate food availability, reproductive seasonality, female reproductive physiology and gut inflammation are warranted.

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Van den Abbeele, Pieter, Cindy Duysburgh, Jonas Ghyselinck, Shellen Goltz, Yulia Berezhnaya, Thomas Boileau, Anke De Blaiser, and Massimo Marzorati. "Fructans with Varying Degree of Polymerization Enhance the Selective Growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in the Human Gut Microbiome In Vitro." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020598.

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Synbiotics aim to improve gastrointestinal health by combining pre- and probiotics. This study evaluated combinations of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 with seven fructans: oligofructoses (OF1-OF2; low degree of polymerization (DP)), inulins (IN1-IN2-IN3; high DP) and OF/IN mixtures (OF/IN1-OF/IN2). During monoculture incubations, all fructans were fermented by BB-12 as followed from increased BB-12 numbers and increased acetate and lactate concentrations, with most pronounced fermentation for low DP fructans (OF1-OF2). Further, short-term colonic incubations for three human donors revealed that also in presence of a complex microbiota, all fructans (particularly OF1) consistently selectively enhanced the growth of BB-12. While each fructan as such already increased Bifidobacteriaceae numbers with 0.94–1.26 log(cells/mL), BB-12 co-supplementation additionally increased Bifidobacteriaceae with 0.17–0.46 log(cells/mL). Further, when co-supplemented with fructans, BB-12 decreased Enterobacteriaceae numbers (significant except for IN1-IN3). At metabolic level, all fructans decreased pH due to increased acetate and lactate production, while OF/IN2-IN1-IN2-IN3 also stimulated propionate and butyrate production. BB-12 co-supplementation further increased propionate and butyrate for OF/IN2-IN3 and IN1-IN2, respectively. Overall, combinations of BB-12 with fructans are promising synbiotic concepts, likely due to intracellular consumption of low DP-fructans by BB-12 (either present in starting product or released upon fermentation by indigenous microbes), thereby enhancing effects of the co-administered fructan.

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Killer, J., Š. Ročková, E. Vlková, V. Rada, J. Havlík, J. Kopečný, V. Bunešová, et al. "Alloscardovia macacae sp. nov., isolated from the milk of a macaque (Macaca mulatta), emended description of the genus Alloscardovia and proposal of Alloscardovia criceti comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_12 (December 1, 2013): 4439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.051326-0.

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A novel bacterial strain, designated M8T, was isolated from milk of a female macaque bred in captivity. The strain was Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, irregular coccoid–rod-shaped without catalase activity. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Alloscardovia omnicolens CCUG 31649T (96.4 %) and Metascardovia criceti OMB105T (96.6 %). Sequences of hsp60, fusA, and xfp genes also confirmed that the strain was most closely related to the type strains of A. omnicolens and M. criceti . The isolate produced fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase which is in agreement with classification within the family Bifidobacteriaceae . The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c (35.8 %), C16 : 1 (6.2 %) and C14 : 0 (5.7 %). Polar lipid analysis revealed five different glycolipids, two unidentified phospholipids and diphosphatidylglycerol. The peptidoglycan was of the type A4α l-Lys–d-Asp with the presence of d(l)-alanine, d-glutamine, d-asparagine and l-lysine. The DNA G+C content of strain M8T was 50.1 mol%. On the basis of genetic, phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain M8T represents a novel species of the genus Alloscardovia for which the name Alloscardovia macacae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M8T ( = DSM 24762T = CCM 7944T). In addition, our results also revealed that Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Metascardovia criceti DSM 17774T do not belong to different genera within the family Bifidobacteriaceae . We therefore propose to reclassify Metascardovia criceti as Alloscardovia criceti comb. nov. An emended description of the genus Alloscardovia is also provided.

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Gómez-Doñate, Marta, Elisenda Ballesté, Maite Muniesa, and Anicet R. Blanch. "New Molecular Quantitative PCR Assay for Detection of Host-Specific Bifidobacteriaceae Suitable for Microbial Source Tracking." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 16 (June 8, 2012): 5788–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00895-12.

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ABSTRACTBifidobacteriumspp. belong to the commensal intestinal microbiota of warm-blooded animals. Some strains ofBifidobacteriumshow host specificity and have thus been proposed as host-specific targets to determine the origin of fecal pollution. Most strains have been used in microbial-source-tracking (MST) studies based on culture-dependent methods. Although some of these approaches have proved very useful, the low prevalence of culturableBifidobacteriumstrains in the environment means that molecular culture-independent procedures could provide practical applications for MST. Reported here is a set of common primers and fourBifidobacteriumsp. host-associated (human, cattle, pig, and poultry) probes for quantitative-PCR (qPCR) assessment of fecal source tracking. This set was tested using 25 water samples of diverse origin: urban sewage samples, wastewater from four abattoirs (porcine, bovine, and poultry), and water from a river with a low pollution load. The selected sequences showed a high degree of host specificity. There were no cross-reactions between the qPCR assays specific for each origin and samples from different fecal origins. On the basis of the findings, it was concluded that the host-specific qPCRs are sufficiently robust to be applied in environmental MST studies.

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Swidsinski, Alexander, Yvonne Dörffel, Vera Loening-Baucke, Werner Mendling, Johannes Schilling, Jennifer L. Patterson, and Hans Verstraelen. "Dissimilarity in the occurrence of Bifidobacteriaceae in vaginal and perianal microbiota in women with bacterial vaginosis." Anaerobe 16, no. 5 (October 2010): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.06.011.

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Ruggiero, Marco. "Genetic Analysis of Bifidobacteriaceae in a Fermented Milk and Colostrum Product in Relation to Immune Function." American Journal of Immunology 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajisp.2024.24.34.

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22

Carneiro dos Santos, Lucas Alves, Rodrigo Dias de Oliveira Carvalho, José Patrocínio Ribeiro Cruz Neto, Deborah Emanuelle de Albuquerque Lemos, Kataryne Árabe Rimá de Oliveira, Karoliny Brito Sampaio, Micaelle Oliveira de Luna Freire, et al. "A Mix of Potentially Probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum Strains Alters the Gut Microbiota in a Dose- and Sex-Dependent Manner in Wistar Rats." Microorganisms 12, no. 4 (March 26, 2024): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040659.

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Multi-strain Limosilactobacillus (L.) fermentum is a potential probiotic with reported immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the composition, richness, and diversity of the gut microbiota in male and female rats after treatment with a multi-strain of L. fermentum at different doses. Thirty rats (fifteen male and fifteen female) were allocated into a control group (CTL), a group receiving L. fermentum at a dose of 108 CFU (Lf-108), and a group receiving L. fermentum at a dose of 1010 CFU (Lf-1010) for 13 weeks. Gut microbiota and serum cytokine levels were evaluated after L. fermentum treatment. Male CTL rats had a lower relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and Prevotella and a lower alpha diversity than their female CTL counterparts (p < 0.05). In addition, male CTL rats had a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio than female CTL rats (p < 0.05). In female rats, the administration of L. fermentum at 108 CFU decreased the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and Anaerobiospirillum and increased Lactobacillus (p < 0.05). In male rats, the administration of L. fermentum at 1010 CFU decreased the F/B ratio and increased Lachnospiraceae and the diversity of the gut microbiota (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and the alpha-diversity of gut microbiota were negatively correlated with serum levels of IL1β (r = −0.44) and TNFα (r = −0.39), respectively. This study identified important changes in gut microbiota between male and female rats and showed that a lower dose of L. fermentum may have more beneficial effects on gut microbiota in females, while a higher dose may result in more beneficial effects on gut microbiota in male rats.

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Jiang, Chaona, Zeying Cui, Pingming Fan, and Guankui Du. "Effects of dog ownership on the gut microbiota of elderly owners." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): e0278105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278105.

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Dog owners are usually in close contact with dogs. Whether dogs can affect the gut microbiota of elderly dog owners is worth studying. Data from 54 elderly (over 65 years of age) dog owners were screened from the American Gut Project. Owning a dog did not affect the α-diversity of the gut microbiota of the dog owner. Dog ownership significantly modulated the composition of the gut microbiota of the dog owner. The abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased. The abundances of Bifidobacteriaceae and Ruminococcaceae were significantly increased, while the abundance of Moracellaceae was significantly suppressed. In general, dog ownership can regulate the composition of gut microbiota and has a more significant effect on elderly males.

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Duarte, Marcos Elias E., Xiangyi Xu, and Sung Woo Kim. "266 Effects of Lactobacillus Fermentate on Modulation of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Relation to Intestinal Health of Nursery Pigs Challenged with F18+ Escherichia Coli." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.224.

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Abstract This study investigated the effects of a Lactobacillus fermentate (LBF) on mucosa-associated microbiota and its correlation with intestinal health of pigs challenged with F18+ Escherichia coli. Newly-weaned pigs (n = 64; 6.6 ± 0.7 kg BW) were allotted in a randomized complete b;ock design (RCBD) to 4 treatments: NC: no-challenge/no-supplement; PC: E. coli/no-supplement; AGP: E. coli/bacitracin (30 g/t feed); and PBT: E. coli/LBF (2 kg/t feed). At d 7, challenge groups were orally inoculated (2.4 x 1010 CFU) with F18+ E. coli whereas NC received sterile solution. Pigs were fed for 28 d until euthanasia to collect jejunal mucosa to evaluate intestinal health and microbiota. PC reduced (P < 0.05) Selenomonas (1.39 to 0.32%). AGP increased (P < 0.05) Bifidobacteriaceae (0.19 to 2.13%), Burkholderiaceae (0.18 to 1.54%), Comamonadaceae (1.13 to 6.97%), Enterobacteriaceae (0.81 to 2.29%), Microbacteriaceae (0.27 to 1.96%), Moraxellaceae (0.28 to 5.57%), and Pseudomonadaceae (0.36 to 2.59%). PBT increased (P < 0.05) Propionibacteriaceae (0.16 to 3.55%). AGP and PBT increased (P < 0.05) the microbiota diversity (Chao1: 48.8 to 76.4 and 71.6, respectively). Burkholderiaceae and Comamonadaceae were negatively correlated with TNF-α (r = -0.31 and -0.30, respectively; P < 0.05), whereas Burkholderiaceae, Comamonadaceae and Microbacteriaceae were positively correlated with protein carbonyl (r = 0.39, 0.33, and 0.37, respectively; P < 0.05). Bifidobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were positively correlated with VH:CD (r = 0.41 and 0.40, respectively; P < 0.05), whereas Pseudomonadaceae was positively correlated with villus height (r = 0.34; P < 0.05). Enterobacteriaceae was negatively correlated with G:F (r = -0.41; P < 0.05), whereas positively correlated with IL-8 and MDA (r = 0.39 and 0.32; P < 0.05). Moraxellaceae was negatively correlated with IL-6 (r = -0.29, P < 0.05). Collectively, AGP and LBF increased diversity of beneficial microbiota which was related to improved intestinal health in pigs after E. coli F18+ challenge.

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Zhang, Nan, Yusong Gou, Shan Liang, Ning Chen, Yali Liu, Qiushui He, and Jing Zhang. "Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Regulating the Immune Response." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (October 20, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4973589.

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Background and Aim. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is important in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about whether and how dysbiosis impacts HCC progression. This cross-sectional study is aimed at evaluating microbiome dysbiosis, gut damage, and microbial translocation in different stages of HCC. Method. This study included 74 Chinese male patients with HCC. They were divided into early ( n = 19 ), intermediate ( n = 37 ), and terminal ( n = 18 ) groups, referred to as Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0+A, B, and C+D, respectively. Paired fecal and plasma samples were collected. Microbial composition and profiles were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The levels of gut damage marker (regenerating islet-derived protein 3α (REG3α)) and microbial translocation markers (soluble CD14 (sCD14), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs)) were determined in plasma samples of patients by ELISA. Twenty plasma cytokine and chemokines were determined by Luminex. Results. In early, intermediate, and terminal groups, the abundance of the Bifidobacteriaceae family decreased significantly (3.52%, 1.55%, and 0.56%, respectively, P = 0.003 ), while the abundance of the Enterococcaceae family increased significantly (1.6%, 2.9%, and 13.4%, respectively, P = 0.022 ). Levels of REG3α and sCD14 were markedly elevated only in the terminal group compared with the early ( P = 0.025 and P = 0.048 ) and intermediate groups ( P = 0.023 and P = 0.046 ). The level of LBP significantly increased in the intermediate ( P = 0.035 ) and terminal ( P = 0.025 ) groups compared with the early group. The PGRP levels were elevated only in the terminal group compared with the early group ( P = 0.018 ). The ratio of Enterococcaceae to Bifidobacteriaceae was significantly associated with the levels of REG3α, LBP, sCD14, and PGRPs. With HCC progression, increased levels of inflammatory cytokines accompanied by a T cell-immunosuppressive response and microbial translocation were observed. Conclusion. Gut microbiota compositional and functional shift, together with elevated gut damage and microbial translocation, may promote HCC development by stimulating inflammatory response and suppressing T cell response.

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Killer, Jiří, Chahrazed Mekadim, Radko Pechar, Věra Bunešová, Jakub Mrázek, and Eva Vlková. "Gene encoding the CTP synthetase as an appropriate molecular tool for identification and phylogenetic study of the family Bifidobacteriaceae." MicrobiologyOpen 7, no. 4 (January 22, 2018): e00579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.579.

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Killer, J., J. Kopečný, J. Mrázek, J. Havlík, I. Koppová, O. Benada, V. Rada, and O. Kofroňová. "Bombiscardovia coagulans gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Bifidobacteriaceae isolated from the digestive tract of bumblebees." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 33, no. 7 (November 2010): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2010.08.002.

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Killer, J., J. Havlík, V. Bunešová, E. Vlková, and O. Benada. "Pseudoscardovia radai sp. nov., a representative of the family Bifidobacteriaceae isolated from the digestive tract of a wild pig (Sus scrofa scrofa)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_9 (September 1, 2014): 2932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.063230-0.

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The presence of bifidobacteria and representatives of the new genus Pseudoscardovia within the family Bifidobacteriaceae in the digestive tract of wild pigs was reported recently. Results based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of a new fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive bacterial isolate, strain DPVI-TET3T, originating from the small intestine of a wild pig revealed a relationship to Pseudoscardovia suis DPTE4T (96.8 % sequence similarity). Phylogenetic and comparative analyses based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, xfp, fusA, tuf and rpoC partial gene sequences confirmed the relationship of the novel bacterial strain to P. suis DPTE4T in comparison with other bifidobacterial species occurring in the digestive tract of domestic and wild pigs. Differences in utilization of various substrates, production of enzymes, cell morphology, peptidoglycan structure and profiles of cellular fatty acids and polar lipids between strain DPVI-TET3T and P. suis DPTE4T allow the establishment of a novel species, for which the name Pseudoscardovia radai sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain DPVI-TET3T ( = CCM 7943T = DSM 24742T).

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Ma, Yu, Qian Zhang, Wenqiang Liu, Zhaohua Chen, Chao Zou, Linglin Fu, Yanbo Wang, and Yixiang Liu. "Preventive Effect of Depolymerized Sulfated Galactans from Eucheuma serra on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Caused Diarrhea via Modulating Intestinal Flora in Mice." Marine Drugs 19, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19020080.

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In this work, the preventive effect of depolymerized sulfated polysaccharides from Eucheuma serra (DESP) on bacterial diarrhea by regulating intestinal flora was investigated in vivo. Based on the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-infected mouse diarrhea model, DESP at doses ranging from 50 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg alleviated weight loss and decreased the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index. Serological tests showed that the levels of inflammation-related factors were effectively suppressed. Furthermore, the repaired intestinal mucosa was verified by morphology and pathological tissue section observations. Compared with the model group, the richness and diversity of the intestinal flora in the DESP group increased according to the 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of the gut microbiota. Specifically, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased, and Proteobacteria decreased after DESP administration. At the family level, DESP effectively improved the abundance of Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, while significantly inhibiting the growth of Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, the antimicrobial diarrhea function of DESP may be related to the regulation of intestinal microbiota.

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Giuliani, Marzorati, Daghio, Franzetti, Innocenti, Van de Wiele, and Mulinacci. "Effects of Olive and Pomegranate By-Products on Human Microbiota: A Study Using the SHIME® in Vitro Simulator." Molecules 24, no. 20 (October 21, 2019): 3791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203791.

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Two by-products containing phenols and polysaccharides, a “pâté” (OP) from the extra virgin olive oil milling process and a decoction of pomegranate mesocarp (PM), were investigated for their effects on human microbiota using the SHIME® system. The ability of these products to modulate the microbial community was studied simulating a daily intake for nine days. Microbial functionality, investigated in terms of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and NH4+, was stable during the treatment. A significant increase in Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae at nine days was induced by OP mainly in the proximal tract. Polyphenol metabolism indicated the formation of tyrosol from OP mainly in the distal tract, while urolithins C and A were produced from PM, identifying the human donor as a metabotype A. The results confirm the SHIME® system as a suitable in vitro tool to preliminarily investigate interactions between complex botanicals and human microbiota before undertaking more challenging human studies.

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Zheng, Peng, Benhua Zeng, Meiling Liu, Jianjun Chen, Junxi Pan, Yu Han, Yiyun Liu, et al. "The gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia modulates the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle and schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in mice." Science Advances 5, no. 2 (February 2019): eaau8317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8317.

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Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a devastating mental disorder with poorly defined underlying molecular mechanisms. The gut microbiome can modulate brain function and behaviors through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Here, we found that unmedicated and medicated patients with SCZ had a decreased microbiome α-diversity index and marked disturbances of gut microbial composition versus healthy controls (HCs). Several unique bacterial taxa (e.g., Veillonellaceae and Lachnospiraceae) were associated with SCZ severity. A specific microbial panel (Aerococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Brucellaceae, Pasteurellaceae, and Rikenellaceae) enabled discriminating patients with SCZ from HCs with 0.769 area under the curve. Compared to HCs, germ-free mice receiving SCZ microbiome fecal transplants had lower glutamate and higher glutamine and GABA in the hippocampus and displayed SCZ-relevant behaviors similar to other mouse models of SCZ involving glutamatergic hypofunction. Together, our findings suggest that the SCZ microbiome itself can alter neurochemistry and neurologic function in ways that may be relevant to SCZ pathology.

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Hsu, Clare, Fabio Marx, Ryan Guldenpfennig, Negin Valizadegan, and Maria R. C. de Godoy. "196 The Effect of Hydrolyzed Protein on Fecal Microbiota in Adult Dogs." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (November 6, 2023): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.134.

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Abstract Research on protein hydrolysates has observed various properties and functionalities of these ingredients depending on the type of hydrolysate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrolyzed chicken protein that was incorporated into diets on gut health in healthy adult dogs. Five complete and balanced treatment diets were manufactured: 1) CONd: chicken meal diet; 2) 5% CLHd: 5% substitution of chicken liver hydrolysate of chicken meal diet; 3) CLHd: chicken liver hydrolysate diet; 4) 5% CHd: 5% substitution of chicken hydrolysate of chicken meal diet; and 5) CHd: chicken hydrolysate diet. A 5×5 Latin square design was used which included 10 neutered adult beagles. Each of the 5 periods consisted of a 7-d washout time and a 28-d treatment period. All diets were well accepted by the dogs. For fecal metabolites, there was greater fecal butyrate concentration as well as reduced isovalerate, 4-ethylphenol, and indole in dogs fed CLHd than CONd (P < 0.05). Regarding the overall microbiota composition, Firmicutes, Bacteriodota, Fusobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Proteobacteria were the top 5 most abundant phyla. At the class level, samples from CHd group had greater relative abundances of Bacteriodia and Fusobacteriia as well as less Bacilli. On the other hand, CLHd group had greater abundances of Bacilli and Actinobacteria with less Fusobacteriia. At the level of order, CHd group had greater Bacteriodales and Fusobacteriales while CLHd group had greater Bifidobacteriales. At the family level, CHd group showed a greater abundance of Muribaculaceae and a decreased abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae when compared with the other groups. Alternatively, CLHd group demonstrated a greater abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae together with reduced abundance of Fusobacteriaceae, Muribaculaceae, Sutterrellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Fecal microbiota was shifted by CLHd with greater differential abundance in Ruminococcus gauvreauii group as well as reduced Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Sutterella, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides compared with CONd (P < 0.05). There was also a difference in beta diversity of fecal microbiota between CLHd and CHd (P < 0.05). However, no difference was observed in alpha diversity among treatment groups (P < 0.05). Fecal butyrate concentration was negatively correlated with the genera Blautia, Phascolarctobacterium, Sutterella, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteriodes. Conversely, Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with butyrate concentration. In conclusion, the test chicken protein hydrolysates may have potential to support gut health by modulating microbiota.

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Mekadim, Chahrazed, Věra Bunešová, Eva Vlková, Zuzana Hroncová, and Jiří Killer. "Genetic marker-based multi-locus sequence analysis for classification, genotyping, and phylogenetics of the family Bifidobacteriaceae as an alternative approach to phylogenomics." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 112, no. 12 (July 31, 2019): 1785–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-019-01307-2.

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Mo, Sung-Joon, Kippeum Lee, Hyoung-Ju Hong, Dong-Ki Hong, Seung-Hee Jung, Soo-Dong Park, Jae-Jung Shim, and Jung-Lyoul Lee. "Effects of Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 on Overweight and the Gut Microbiota in Humans: Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial." Nutrients 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14122484.

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Obesity and overweight are closely related to diet, and the gut microbiota play an important role in body weight and human health. The aim of this study was to explore how Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 supplementation alleviate obesity by modulating the human gut microbiome. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 72 individuals with overweight. Over a 12-week period, probiotic groups consumed 1 × 1010 colony-forming units of HY7601 and KY1032, whereas the placebo group consumed the same product without probiotics. After treatment, the probiotic group displayed a reduction in body weight (p < 0.001), visceral fat mass (p < 0.025), and waist circumference (p < 0.007), and an increase in adiponectin (p < 0.046), compared with the placebo group. Additionally, HY7601 and KY1032 supplementation modulated bacterial gut microbiota characteristics and beta diversity by increasing Bifidobacteriaceae and Akkermansiaceae and decreasing Prevotellaceae and Selenomonadaceae. In summary, HY7601 and KY1032 probiotics exert anti-obesity effects by regulating the gut microbiota; hence, they have therapeutic potential for preventing or alleviating obesity and living with overweight.

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Lemmer, Peter, Paul Manka, Jan Best, Alisan Kahraman, Julia Kälsch, Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas, Alexander Link, et al. "Effects of Moderate Alcohol Consumption in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030890.

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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have emerged as leading causes of chronic liver diseases worldwide. ALD and NAFLD share several pathophysiological patterns as well as histological features, while clinically, they are distinguished by the amount of alcohol consumed daily. However, NAFLD coexists with moderate alcohol consumption in a growing proportion of the population. Here, we investigated the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on liver injury, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota in 30 NAFLD-patients. We anonymously assessed drinking habits, applying the AUDIT- and CAGE-questionnaires and compared subgroups of abstainers vs. low to harmful alcohol consumers (AUDIT) and Cage 0–1 vs. Cage 2–4. Patients who did not drink any alcohol had lower levels of γGT, ALT, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. While the abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Ruminococcaceae was higher in the low to harmful alcohol drinking cohort, the abundance of Rikenellaceae was higher in the abstainers. Our study suggests that even moderate alcohol consumption has an impact on the liver and lipid metabolism, as well as on the composition of gut microbiota.

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Bueno, Manuela R., Fernando H. Martins, Catarina M. Rocha, Dione Kawamoto, Karin H. Ishikawa, Ellen S. Ando-Suguimoto, Aline R. Carlucci, Leticia S. Arroteia, Renato V. Casarin, and Marcia P. A. Mayer. "Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 Ameliorates Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Loss Promoted by A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. gordonii in Mice and Impacts Oral and Gut Microbiomes." Microorganisms 12, no. 4 (April 22, 2024): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040836.

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The benefits of probiotics on dysbiotic microbiomes and inflammation are dependent on the tested strain, host factors, and the resident microbiome. There is limited knowledge on the effects of probiotics in A. actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis. Thus, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 (LA5) was orally inoculated for 30 days in C57Bl/6 mice infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 (Aa) and S. gordonii (Sg). Alveolar bone loss, gingival gene expression, and oral and gut microbiomes were determined. LA5 controlled bone loss in Aa+Sg-infected mice, downregulated the expression of Il-1β and upregulated Il-10 in gingival tissues, and altered the oral and gut microbiomes. LA5 increased the diversity of the oral microbiome of Aa+Sg infected mice, and Aa+Sg and Aa+Sg+LA5 oral or gut microbiomes clustered apart. LA5 induced shifts in Aa+Sg infected mice by increasing the abundance of Muribaculaceae and decreasing Bifidobacteriaceae in the oral cavity and increasing the abundance of Verrucomicrobiae and Eggerthellales in the gut. In conclusion, LA5 oral administration controls experimental Aa-associated periodontitis by altering inflammatory gene expression and the oral and gut microbiomes.

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Killer, J., J. Mrázek, V. Bunešová, J. Havlík, I. Koppová, O. Benada, V. Rada, J. Kopečný, and E. Vlková. "Pseudoscardovia suis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Bifidobacteriaceae isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa)." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 36, no. 1 (February 2013): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2012.09.001.

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Monteleone, Alessio Maria, Jacopo Troisi, Gloria Serena, Alessio Fasano, Riccardo Dalle Grave, Giammarco Cascino, Francesca Marciello, et al. "The Gut Microbiome and Metabolomics Profiles of Restricting and Binge-Purging Type Anorexia Nervosa." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020507.

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Alterations in the gut microbiome and fecal metabolites have been detected in anorexia nervosa (AN), but differences in those profiles between restricting AN (ANR) and binge-purging AN (ANBP) type have not been explored. We made a secondary analysis of our previous data concerning microbiome and metabolomics profiles of 17 ANR women, six ANBP women and 20 healthy controls (HC). Twelve fecal metabolites differentiating ANR patients, ANBP patients and HC were identified. Both patient groups showed decreased intra-individual bacterial richness with respect to healthy controls (HC). Compared to ANR subjects, ANBP patients had a significant increase in relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bifidobacteriales, and Eubacteriacae and a significant decrease in relative abundances of Odoribacter, Haemophilus, Pasteurellaceae, and Pasteurellales. The heatmaps of the relationships of selected fecal metabolites with microbial families showed different structures among the three groups, with the heatmap of ANBP patients being drastically different from that of HC, while that of ANR patients resulted more similar to HC. These findings, although preliminary because of the relatively small sample size, confirm the occurrence of different gut dysbiosis in ANR and ANBP and demonstrate different connections between gut microorganisms and fecal metabolites in the two AN types.

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Józefiak, Agata, Abdelbasset Benzertiha, Bartosz Kierończyk, Anna Łukomska, Izabela Wesołowska, and Mateusz Rawski. "Improvement of Cecal Commensal Microbiome Following the Insect Additive into Chicken Diet." Animals 10, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040577.

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Gastrointestinal microbiota play an important role in regulating the metabolic processes of animals and humans. A properly balanced cecal microbiota modulates growth parameters and the risk of infections. The study examined the effect of the addition of 0.2% and 0.3% of Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio on cecal microbiome of broilers. The material was the cecum digesta. The obtained DNA was analyzed using 16S rRNA next generation sequencing. The results of the study show that the addition of a relatively small amount of Z. morio and T. molitor modulates the broiler cecum microbiome composition. The most positive effect on cecal microbiota was recorded in the 0.2% Z. morio diet. A significant increase in the relative amount of genus Lactobacillus, represented by the species Lactobacillus agilis and the amount of bacteria in the Clostridia class, was observed. Moreover, the addition of 0.2% ZM resulted in a significant increase of relative abundance of the family Bifidobacteriaceae with the highest relative abundance of genus Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. The obtained results indicate that the addition of a relatively small amount of insect meal in broiler diet stimulates colonization by probiotic and commensal bacteria, which may act as barriers against infection by pathogenic bacteria.

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Grandhaye, Jeremy, Veronique Douard, Ana Rodriguez-Mateos, Yifan Xu, Alex Cheok, Antonella Riva, Rodrigo Guabiraba, et al. "Microbiota Changes Due to Grape Seed Extract Diet Improved Intestinal Homeostasis and Decreased Fatness in Parental Broiler Hens." Microorganisms 8, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081141.

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In poultry, the selection of broilers for growth performance has induced a deterioration in the health of the parental hens associated with poor reproductive efficiency. To improve these parameters, we administered to laying parental broiler hens a regular diet supplemented or not (Control) with a moderate (1%) or a high level (2%) of grape seed extract (GSE). The 1% GSE diet was administered from a young age (from 4 to 40 weeks of age) and the high level of 2% GSE was administered only during a 2-week period (from 38 to 40 weeks of age) in the laying period. The analysis of 40-week-old hens showed that 2% GSE displayed a reduction in the fat tissue and an improvement in fertility with heavier and more resistant eggs. Seven monomer phenolic metabolites of GSE were significantly measured in the plasma of the 2% GSE hens. GSE supplementation increased the relative abundance of the following bacteria populations: Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacilliaceae and Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, a supplementation period of only 2 weeks with 2% GSE is sufficient to improve the metabolic and laying parameters of breeder hens through a modification in the microbiota.

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Eckel, Viktor P. L., Lisa-Marie Ziegler, Rudi F. Vogel, and Matthias Ehrmann. "Bifidobacterium tibiigranuli sp. nov. isolated from homemade water kefir." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 1562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003936.

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Two Bifidobacterium strains, TMW 2.2057T and TMW 2.1764 were isolated from two different homemade water kefirs from Germany. Both strains were oxidase- and catalase-negative and Gram-staining-positive. Cells were non-motile, irregular rods that were aerotolerant anaerobes. On basis of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase activity, they were assigned to the family Bifidobacteriaceae. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA and concatenated housekeeping genes (clpC, dnaB, dnaG, dnaJ, hsp60 and rpoB) demonstrated that both strains represented a member of the genus Bifidobacterium , with Bifidobacterium subtile DSM 20096T as the closest phylogenetic relative (98.35 % identity). Both strains can be distinguished using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting. Analysis of concatenated marker gene sequences as well as average nucleotide identity by blast (ANIb) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH) calculations of their genome sequences confirmed Bifidobacterium subtile DSM 20096T as the closest relative (87.91 and 35.80 % respectively). All phylogenetic analyses allow differentiation of strains TMW 2.2057T and TMW 2.1764 from all hitherto described species of the genus Bifidobacterium with validly published names. We therefore propose a novel species with the name Bifidobacterium tibiigranuli, for which TMW 2.2057T (=DSM 108414T=LMG 31086T) is the type strain.

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Choi, Hyunjun, Gabriel C. Rocha, and Sung Woo Kim. "63 Impacts of dietary myristic acids on mucosa-associated microbiota in relation to intestinal health and growth parameters of nursery pigs." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2024): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.047.

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Abstract This study investigated the evaluate the role of dietary myristic acid on mucosa-associated microbiota for their relevance to intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs. A total of 36 newly weaned pigs [6.6 ± 0.4 kg body weight (BW)] were assigned to 3 treatments (n = 12/treatment) using a randomized complete block design with initial BW and sex as blocks. Pigs were fed for 35 d in 3 phases (10, 10, and 15 d, respectively). Treatments were 1) NC: basal diet; 2) PC: NC + 0.03% bacitracin in all phases; and 3) MA: NC + myristic acid complex at 0.20% in phases 1 and 2 and 0.12% in phase 3. Pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa and jejunal tissues for microbiome sequencing and measuring intestinal health parameters. Data were analyzed using preplanned contrasts (NC vs. PC and NC vs. MA) in the Proc MIXED procedure and correlation coefficients between microbiota and the intestinal health parameters were determined by the CORR procedure of SAS. The PC increased (P < 0.05) Lactobacillaceae (22.2 to 55.1%) compared with NC. The MA increased (P < 0.05) Veillonellaceae (1.7 to 5.2%), Lachnospiraceae (0.3 to 3.6%), Coriobacteriaceae (0.6 to 1.5%), and Ruminococcaceae (0.5 to 2.1%) and tended to increase (P = 0.072) Bifidobacteriaceae (6.9 to 18.2%) compared with NC. The PC increased (P < 0.05) Simpson (0.72 to 0.89) index and the MA increased (P < 0.05) Chao1 (124.3 to 221.0), Shannon (3.4 to 5.0), and Simpson (0.7 to 0.9) indexes compared with NC. The relative abundance (RA) of Helicobacteraceae was positively correlated with IL-8 (r = 0.63; P < 0.05) and protein carbonyl (r = 0.65; P < 0.05). The RA of Bifidobacteriaceae was negatively correlated with IgG (r = -0.51; P < 0.05), IL-8 (r = -0.58; P < 0.05), TNF-α (r = -0.46; P < 0.05), and protein carbonyl (r = -0.64; P < 0.05) whereas it was positively correlated with average daily gain (ADG; r = 0.51; P < 0.05) and average daily feed intake (ADFI; r = 0.49; P < 0.05). The RA of Lactobacillaceae negatively correlated with IL-8 (r = -0.59; P < 0.05) and protein carbonyl (r = -0.54; P < 0.05) whereas it was positively correlated with ADFI (r = 0.43; P < 0.05) and MDA (r = 0.44; P < 0.05). The RA of Veilonellaceae and Megasphaera sp were negatively correlated (r = -0.49; r = -0.61; P < 0.05) with IgG, respectively. In conclusion, MA mainly increased RA of Bifidobacterium and Megasphaera, whereas PC increased RA of Lactobacillus and Mitsuokella in the jejunal mucosa. The positive modulations of RA of mucosa-associated microbiota by PC and MA were strongly correlated with improved intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs.

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Cakebread, Julie, Olivia A. M. Wallace, Harold Henderson, Ruy Jauregui, Wayne Young, and Alison Hodgkinson. "The impacts of bovine milk, soy beverage, or almond beverage on the growing rat microbiome." PeerJ 10 (May 10, 2022): e13415. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13415.

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Background Milk, the first food of mammals, helps to establish a baseline gut microbiota. In humans, milk and milk products are consumed beyond infancy, providing comprehensive nutritional value. Non-dairy beverages, produced from plant, are increasingly popular as alternatives to dairy milk. The nutritive value of some plant-based products continues to be debated, whilst investigations into impacts on the microbiome are rare. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of bovine milk, soy and almond beverages on the rat gut microbiome. We previously showed soy and milk supplemented rats had similar bone density whereas the almond supplemented group had compromised bone health. There is an established link between bone health and the microbiota, leading us to hypothesise that the microbiota of groups supplemented with soy and milk would be somewhat similar, whilst almond supplementation would be different. Methods Three-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10/group) and fed ad libitum for four weeks. Two control groups were fed either standard diet (AIN-93G food) or AIN-93G amino acids (AA, containing amino acids equivalent to casein but with no intact protein) and with water provided ad libitum. Three treatment groups were fed AIN-93G AA and supplemented with either bovine ultra-heat treatment (UHT) milk or soy or almond UHT beverages as their sole liquid source. At trial end, DNA was extracted from caecum contents, and microbial abundance and diversity assessed using high throughput sequencing of the V3 to V4 variable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Results Almost all phyla (91%) differed significantly (FDR < 0.05) in relative abundance according to treatment and there were distinct differences seen in community structure between treatment groups at this level. At family level, forty taxa showed significantly different relative abundance (FDR < 0.05). Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidaceae) and Firmicutes populations (Lactobacillaceae, Clostridiaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae) increased in relative abundance in the AA almond supplemented group. Supplementation with milk resulted in increased abundance of Actinobacteria (Coriobacteriaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae) compared with other groups. Soy supplementation increased abundance of some Firmicutes (Lactobacilliaceae) but not Actinobacteria, as previously reported by others. Conclusion Supplementation with milk or plant-based drinks has broad impacts on the intestinal microbiome of young rats. Changes induced by cow milk were generally in line with previous reports showing increased relative abundance of Bifidobacteriacea, whilst soy and almond beverage did not. Changes induced by soy and almond drink supplementation were in taxa commonly associated with carbohydrate utilisation. This research provides new insight into effects on the microbiome of three commercially available products marketed for similar uses.

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Jakobsen, Louise Margrethe Arildsen, Ulrik Kræmer Sundekilde, Henrik Jørgen Andersen, Witold Kot, Josue Leonardo Castro Mejia, Dennis Sandris Nielsen, Axel Kornerup Hansen, and Hanne Christine Bertram. "Administration of Bovine Milk Oligosaccharide to Weaning Gnotobiotic Mice Inoculated with a Simplified Infant Type Microbiota." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9051003.

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Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) share structural similarity to selected human milk oligosaccharides, which are natural prebiotics for infants. Thus, there is a potential in including BMOs as a prebiotic in infant formula. To examine the in vivo effect of BMO-supplementation on the infant gut microbiota, a BMO-rich diet (2% w/w) was fed to gnotobiotic mice (n = 11) inoculated with an infant type co-culture and compared with gnotobiotic mice receiving a control diet (n = 9). Nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics in combination with high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to compare metabolic activity and microbiota composition in different compartments of the lower gastrointestinal tract. BMO components were detected in cecum and colon contents, revealing that BMO was available for the gut bacteria. The gut microbiota was dominated by Enterobacteriaceae and minor abundance of Lactobacilliaceae, while colonization of Bifidobacteriaceae did not succeed. Apart from a lower E. coli population in cecum content and lower formate (in colon) and succinate (in colon and cecum) concentrations, BMO supplementation did not result in significant changes in microbiota composition nor metabolic activity. The present study corroborates the importance of the presence of bifidobacteria for obtaining microbial-derived effects of milk oligosaccharides in the gastrointestinal tract.

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Owolabi, Adedotun J., Idowu O. Senbanjo, Kazeem A. Oshikoya, Jos Boekhorst, Robyn T. Eijlander, Guus A. M. Kortman, Jeske H. J. Hageman, Folake Samuel, Alida Melse-Boonstra, and Anne Schaafsma. "Multi-Nutrient Fortified Dairy-Based Drink Reduces Anaemia without Observed Adverse Effects on Gut Microbiota in Anaemic Malnourished Nigerian Toddlers: A Randomised Dose–Response Study." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051566.

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Prevalence of anaemia among Nigerian toddlers is reported to be high, and may cause significant morbidity, affects brain development and function, and results in weakness and fatigue. Although, iron fortification can reduce anaemia, yet the effect on gut microbiota is unclear. This open-label randomised study in anaemic malnourished Nigerian toddlers aimed to decrease anaemia without affecting pathogenic gut bacteria using a multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drink. The test product was provided daily in different amounts (200, 400 or 600 mL, supplying 2.24, 4.48 and 6.72 mg of elemental iron, respectively) for 6 months. Haemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured to determine anaemia, iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) prevalence. Faecal samples were collected to analyse gut microbiota composition. All three dosages reduced anaemia prevalence, to 47%, 27% and 18%, respectively. ID and IDA prevalence was low and did not significantly decrease over time. Regarding gut microbiota, Enterobacteriaceae decreased over time without differences between groups, whereas Bifidobacteriaceae and pathogenic E. coli were not affected. In conclusion, the multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drink reduced anaemia in a dose-dependent way, without stimulating intestinal potential pathogenic bacteria, and thus appears to be safe and effective in treating anaemia in Nigerian toddlers.

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Duysburgh, Cindy, Pieter Van den Abbeele, Alison Kamil, Lisa Fleige, Peter John De Chavez, YiFang Chu, Wiley Barton, et al. "In vitro–in vivo Validation of Stimulatory Effect of Oat Ingredients on Lactobacilli." Pathogens 10, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020235.

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The prebiotic activity of a commercially available oat product and a novel oat ingredient, at similar β-glucan loads, was tested using a validated in vitro gut model (M-SHIME®). The novel oat ingredient was tested further at lower β-glucan loads in vitro, while the commercially available oat product was assessed in a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, and cross-over human study. Both approaches focused on healthy individuals with mild hypercholesterolemia. In vitro analysis revealed that both oat products strongly stimulated Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae in the intestinal lumen and the simulated mucus layer, and corresponded with enhanced levels of acetate and lactate with cross-feeding interactions leading to an associated increase in propionate and butyrate production. The in vitro prebiotic activity of the novel oat ingredient remained at lower β-glucan levels, indicating the prebiotic potential of the novel oat product. Finally, the stimulation of Lactobacillus spp. was confirmed during the in vivo trial, where lactobacilli abundance significantly increased in the overall population at the end of the intervention period with the commercially available oat product relative to the control product, indicating the power of in vitro gut models in predicting in vivo response of the microbial community to dietary modulation.

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Cheng, Lizeng, Yang Wei, Lurong Xu, Lanlan Peng, Yuanfeng Wang, and Xinlin Wei. "Gut Microbiota Differentially Mediated by Qingmao Tea and Qingzhuan Tea Alleviated High-Fat-Induced Obesity and Associated Metabolic Disorders: The Impact of Microbial Fermentation." Foods 11, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11203210.

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Although dark tea is a unique microbial-fermented tea with a high reputation for having an antiobesity effect, little is known about the effect of microbial fermentation on tea leaves’ antiobesity properties. This study compared the antiobesity effects of microbial-fermented Qingzhuan tea (QZT) and unfermented Qingmao tea (QMT), providing insight into their underlying mechanisms associated with gut microbiota. Our results indicated that the supplementation of QMT extract (QMTe) and QZT extract (QZTe) displayed similar antiobesity effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, but the hypolipidemic effect of QZTe was significantly stronger than that of QMTe. The microbiomic analysis indicated that QZTe was more effective than QMTe at regulating HFD-caused gut microbiota dysbiosis. Akkermansiaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae, which have negative correlations with obesity, were enhanced notably by QZTe, whereas Faecalibaculum and Erysipelotrichaceae, which are positively correlated with obesity, were decreased dramatically by QMTe and QZTe. A Tax4Fun analysis of QMTe/QZTe-mediated gut microbiota revealed that QMTe supplementation drastically reversed the HFD-induced upregulation of glycolysis and energy metabolism, whereas QZTe supplementation significantly restored the HFD-caused downregulation of pyruvate metabolism. Our findings suggested that microbial fermentation showed a limited effect on tea leaves’ antiobesity, but enhanced their hypolipidemic activity, and QZT could attenuate obesity and associated metabolic disorders by favorably modulating gut microbiota.

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Janulewicz, Seth, Carlson, Ajama, Quinn, Heeren, Klimas, et al. "The Gut-Microbiome in Gulf War Veterans: A Preliminary Report." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (October 4, 2019): 3751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193751.

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Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multi-symptom disorder affecting the central nervous system (CNS), immune and gastrointestinal (GI) systems of Gulf War veterans (GWV). We assessed the relationships between GWI, GI symptoms, gut microbiome and inflammatory markers in GWV from the Boston Gulf War Illness Consortium (GWIC). Three groups of GWIC veterans were recruited in this pilot study; GWV without GWI and no gastrointestinal symptoms (controls), GWV with GWI and no gastrointestinal symptoms (GWI-GI), GWV with GWI who reported gastrointestinal symptoms (GW+GI). Here we report on a subset of the first thirteen stool samples analyzed. Results showed significantly different gut microbiome patterns among the three groups and within the GWI +/−GI groups. Specifically, GW controls had a greater abundance of firmicutes and the GWI+GI group had a greater abundance of the phyla bacteroidetes, actinobacteria, euryarchaeota, and proteobacteria as well as higher abundances of the families Bacteroidaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Bifidobacteriaceae. The GWI+GI group also showed greater plasma levels of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-RI and they endorsed significantly more chemical weapons exposure during the war and reported significantly greater chronic pain, fatigue and sleep difficulties than the other groups. Studies with larger samples sizes are needed to confirm these initial findings.

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Kim, Ji-Eun, Yun-Ju Choi, Su-Jin Lee, Jeong-Eun Gong, You-Jung Jin, So-Hae Park, Hee-Seob Lee, Young-Whan Choi, Jin-Tae Hong, and Dae-Youn Hwang. "Laxative Effects of Phlorotannins Derived from Ecklonia cava on Loperamide-Induced Constipation in SD Rats." Molecules 26, no. 23 (November 28, 2021): 7209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237209.

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This study investigated the laxative effects of phlorotannins (Pt) derived from Ecklonia cava (E. cave) on chronic constipation by evaluating alterations in stool parameters, gastrointestinal motility, histopathological structure, mucin secretion, gastrointestinal hormones, muscarinic cholinergic regulation, and fecal microbiota in SD rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation subjected to Pt treatment. Stool-related parameters (including stool number, weight, and water contents), gastrointestinal motility, and length of intestine were significantly enhanced in the Lop+Pt-treated group as compared to the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. A similar recovery was detected in the histopathological and cytological structure of the mid-colon of Lop+Pt-treated rats, although the level of mucin secretion remained constant. Moreover, rats with Lop-induced constipation subjected to Pt treatment showed significant improvements in water channel expression, gastrointestinal hormone secretions, and expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2/M3 (mAChRs M2/M3) and their mediators of muscarinic cholinergic regulation. Furthermore, the Lop+Pt-treated group showed a significant recovery of Bifidobacteriaceae, Muribaculaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Eubacteriaceae families in fecal microbiota. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that exposure of SD rats with Lop-induced constipation to Pt improves the constipation phenotype through the regulation of membrane water channel expression, GI hormones, the mAChR signaling pathway, and fecal microbiota.

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Chin, Ning, Gema Méndez-Lagares, Diana H. Taft, Victoria Laleau, Hung Kieu, Nicole R. Narayan, Susan B. Roberts, David A. Mills, Dennis J. Hartigan-O’Connor, and Valerie J. Flaherman. "Transient Effect of Infant Formula Supplementation on the Intestinal Microbiota." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030807.

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Breastfeeding is the gold standard for feeding infants because of its long-term benefits to health and development, but most infants in the United States are not exclusively breastfed in the first six months. We enrolled 24 infants who were either exclusively breastfed or supplemented with formula by the age of one month. We collected diet information, stool samples for evaluation of microbiotas by 16S rRNA sequencing, and blood samples for assessment of immune development by flow cytometry from birth to 6 months of age. We further typed the Bifidobacterium strains in stool samples whose 16S rRNA sequencing showed the presence of Bifidobacteriaceae. Supplementation with formula during breastfeeding transiently changed the composition of the gut microbiome, but the impact dissipated by six months of age. For example, Bifidobacterium longum, a bacterial species highly correlated with human milk consumption, was found to be significantly different only at 1 month of age but not at later time points. No immunologic differences were found to be associated with supplementation, including the development of T-cell subsets, B cells, or monocytes. These data suggest that early formula supplementation, given in addition to breast milk, has minimal lasting impact on the gut microbiome or immunity.

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