Статті в журналах: "BIDIRECTIONAL INTERLEAVED CONVERTER"

1

Shyu, Kuo-Kai, Yi-Chang Yu, Xin-Lan Lin, Lung-Hao Lee, and Po-Lei Lee. "A Novel Bidirectional-Switched-Capacitor-Based Interlaced DC-DC Converter." Electronics 12, no. 4 (February 5, 2023): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040792.

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This study proposes a novel bidirectional-switched-capacitor-based interleaved converter. In view of the shortcomings of the two well-known unidirectional-switched-capacitor-based interleaved converters, this study improves such converters through combining the novel structure of a switched capacitor circuit. The first effort was to overcome the drawback of the Cockcroft–Walton-based interleaved converter, whose circuit impedance and ripple cause a serious output voltage drop. The second was to solve the Dickson-based interleaved converter with its capacitors subjected to high-voltage stress. The third was to relax the unidirectional boost function of the Cockcroft–Walton- or Dickson-based interleaved converter. This study avoided not only high-circuit impedance and ripple, as in the case of the Cockcroft–Walton converter, but also it had lower component stress than the Dickson converter. In addition, this study redesigned the unidirectional boost function of the Cockcroft–Walton- or Dickson-based interleaved converter, such that the switch-capacitor-based interleaved converters became bidirectional DC-DC converters. Finally, the experimental results are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.

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2

Babaei, Ebrahim, Zahra Saadatizadeh, and Behnam Mohammadi Ivatloo. "A New Interleaved Bidirectional Zero Voltage Switching DC/DC Converter with High Conversion Ratio." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 06 (March 5, 2017): 1750105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617501055.

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In this paper, a new interleaved nonisolated bidirectional zero voltage switching (ZVS) dc–dc converter by using one three-windings coupled inductor is proposed. The proposed topology can provide high step-up and high step-down conversion ratios for boost and buck operations, respectively. Moreover, because of interleaving, the proposed converter has low input current ripple at low voltage side in both buck and boost operations. The proposed converter uses lower number of switches to have bidirectional power flow in comparison with other interleaved bidirectional converters. All used switches in the proposed converter are turned on under ZVS. The advantages of the proposed converter in comparison with the conventional interleaved converters are included in the capability of bidirectional power flow, ZVS operation for all switches and high step-up and high step-down voltage gain for boost and buck operations. In this paper, the proposed converter is analyzed completely and all equations of components are extracted as well as the ZVS conditions of all switches. Moreover, a comprehensive comparison between the proposed converter and conventional topologies is presented. To verify the accuracy performance of the proposed converter, the experimental results are given.

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3

Li, Pengcheng, Chunjiang Zhang, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, and Leonowicz Zbigniew. "Multiple Modulation Strategy of Flying Capacitor DC/DC Converter." Electronics 8, no. 7 (July 11, 2019): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070774.

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Flying-capacitor multiplexed modulation technology is suitable for bipolar DC microgrids with higher voltage levels and higher current levels. The module combination and corresponding modulation method can be flexibly selected according to the voltage level and capacity level. This paper proposes a bipolar bidirectional DC/DC converter and its interleaved-complementary modulation strategy that is suitable for bipolar DC microgrids. The converter consists of two flying-capacitor three-level bidirectional DC/DC converters that are interleaved in parallel 90°, and then cascaded with another module to form a symmetrical structure of the upper and lower arms; the complementary modulation of the upper and lower half bridges constitutes an interleaved complementary multilevel bidirectional DC/DC converter. If the bidirectional converter needs to provide a stronger overcurrent capability, more bridge arms can be interleaved in parallel. Once n bridge arms are connected in parallel, the bridge arms should be interleaved 180°/n in parallel. In bipolar DC microgrids, the upper and lower arms should be complementarily modulated, and the input and output are isolated by the inductance. To solve the current difference, caused by the inconsistent parasitic, the voltage-current double closed-loop-control is used, and the dynamic response is faster during bidirectional operation. This paper proposes theoretical analysis and experiments that verify bipolar bidirectional DC/DC converter for high-power energy storage.

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4

Babazadeh, Yaser, Mehran Sabahi, Ebrahim Babaei, and Sun Kai. "A New Continuous Input Current Nonisolated Bidirectional Interleaved Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (June 1, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9453913.

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In this paper, a new interleaved bidirectional buck-boost DC-DC converter is proposed. The input current of this converter is continuous and has a low ripple, that cause reduction in the size of the input filter of the converter. Because of these features, this converter is appropriate for renewable applications such as fuel cells and photovoltaic (PV) panels for obtaining maximum power in which the continuity of the input current is essential. The operation principle of this converter is detailed, and its power losses calculation shows the positive effects of the low input current ripple on its efficiency. The input current ripple of the proposed converter and conventional interleaved buck-boost converter has been calculated in detail. In addition, the comparison results of this converter with conventional interleaved buck-boost converters and other similar structures confirm that the proposed converter without utilizing extra components achieves continuous input current with low ripple. Compared with other buck-boost structures, the low input current ripple in the presented converter causes an improvement in its efficiency. An experimental prototype is implemented in the laboratory to confirm the correctness of theoretical analyses.

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5

Kroics, K., U. Sirmelis, and L. Grigans. "Digitally Controlled 4-Phase Bi-Directional Interleaved Dc-Dc Converter with Coupled Inductors / Digitāli Vadāms 4 Fāžu Divvirziena Līdzstrāvas Pārveidotājs Ar Saistītajām Droselēm." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 52, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2015-0020.

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Abstract The main advantages of multiphase interleaved DC-DC converters over single-phase converters are reduced current stress and reduced output current ripple. Nevertheless, inductor current ripple cannot be reduced only by an interleaving method. The integrated magnetic structure can be used to solve this problem. In this paper, the application of 2-phase coupled inductor designed in a convenient way by using commercially manufactured coil formers and ferrite cores is analysed to develop a 4-phase interleaved DC-DC converter. The steady state phase and output current ripple in a boost mode of the interleaved bidirectional DC-DC converter with integrated magnetics are analysed. The prototype of the converter has been built. The experimental results of the current ripple are presented in the paper.

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6

Uno, Masatoshi, Masahiko Inoue, Yusuke Sato, and Hikaru Nagata. "Bidirectional Interleaved PWM Converter with High Voltage-Conversion Ratio and Automatic Current Balancing Capability for Single-Cell Battery Power System in Small Scientific Satellites." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 2702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102702.

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Single-cell battery power systems are a promising bus architecture for small scientific satellites. However, to bridge the huge voltage gap between a single-cell battery and power bus, bidirectional converters with a high voltage conversion ratio and a large current capability for the low-voltage side are necessary. This article proposes a bidirectional interleaved pulse width modulation (PWM) converter with a high voltage conversion ratio and an automatic current balancing capability. By adding capacitors to conventional interleaved PWM converters, not only are inductor currents automatically balanced without feedback control or current sensors, but also voltage conversion ratios at a given duty cycle can be enhanced. Furthermore, the added capacitors can reduce voltage stresses of switches and charged-discharged energies of inductors, realizing more efficient power conversion and reduced circuit volume in comparison with conventional converters. A 100-W prototype was built for experimental verification, and results demonstrated the fundamental characteristics and efficacy of the proposed converter.

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7

Duan, Jiandong, Shuai Wang, Yiming Xu, Shaogui Fan, Ke Zhao, and Li Sun. "Variable Multiple Interleaved Bi-Directional DC/DC Converter with Current Ripple Optimization." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2023): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031744.

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In order to reduce the current ripple and improve the power density of the system, the multiple structure design is generally adopted by the traditional bidirectional DC/DC converter. However, the fixed multiplicity design can’t make the DC/DC power converter always output the smallest current ripple under different duty ratios. Through this research, it is found that the current ripple is related to duty cycle and parallel multiplicity, and then a variable multiplicity bidirectional DC/DC power converter is proposed. Firstly, the relationship between the current ripple and parallel multiplicity and duty cycle is deduced, and the basic topology of variable multiplicity bidirectional DC/DC power converter is determined; Secondly, the average value model and AC small signal model of the system are established based on the topological structure, and then the state equation is obtained. Thirdly, the current compensation control method is designed based on the state equation. Finally, the experimental platform of variable multiplicity bidirectional DC/DC power converter is built.

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8

Kroičs, Kaspars, and Ģirts Staņa. "Bidirectional Interleaved DC–DC Converter for Supercapacitor Energy Storage Integration with Reduced Capacitance." Electronics 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010126.

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This paper analyzes the control method of a multiphase interleaved DC–DC converter for supercapacitor energy storage system integration in a DC bus with reduced input and output filter size. A reduction in filter size is achieved by operating only in modes with duty cycles that correspond to smaller output current ripples. This leads to limited control of the charging and discharging process of the supercapacitor energy storage system. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the optimal charging strategy is provided in this paper for interleaved converters with different numbers of phases. The results show that such control can be used, albeit with some percentage loss in efficiency. Experimental results are presented in this paper to verify the theoretical results.

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9

Tseng, Kuo-Ching, Shih-Yi Chang, and Chun-An Cheng. "Novel Isolated Bidirectional Interleaved Converter for Renewable Energy Applications." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66, no. 12 (December 2019): 9278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2892673.

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10

Kroics, Kaspars. "Simulation Based Analysis of Digitally Controlled 4-phase DC-DC Converter with Coupled Inductors." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2015): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol1.215.

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<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">Interleaved converters are used in many different conversion systems involving various topologies and are related to different fields of application due its advantages over single-phase converters. Such advantages include reduced current in switching devices and passive elements, reduced output current ripple, and so on. Reductions in size and costs of magnetic components and inductors current ripple can be achieved by an integration of magnetics. In this paper application of 2-phase coupled inductor designed in convenient way by using commercially manufactured coil formers and ferrite cores is analyzed to developed 4-phase interleaved DC-DC converter. Different structures of the coupled inductor for 4 phases is studied. The steady state phase and output current ripple in buck mode of the interleaving magnetic integrated bidirectional DC-DC converter is simulated. The necessary count of inductors for selected topology are manufactured and placed on the PCB board.</span></p>

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11

Vismaya, S., and S. Hema. "Equal Current Sharing Parallelly Connected Interleaved Boost Converter in DC Microgrid using Control Algorithm." December 2021 3, no. 4 (April 20, 2022): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2021.4.003.

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In this paper, a micro grid based current sharing between parallelly connected second order Boost Converter and Interleaved Boost Converter is proposed. As the output of PV is not predictable, an MPPT based on the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used to manage the second order Boost Converter. To offer exact sharing of current between parallel modules in converters, a droop control mechanism is utilized. The PV system’s maximum power is tracked using a PI controller, so as to maintain constant DC link voltage at different temperature conditions. Using a PI assisted Bidirectional battery converter, the voltage of the battery is maintained. The nominal voltage for each converter is modified by comparing each converter’s output current to the total load current. The entire system is validated through a MATLAB simulation.

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12

Mahdavi, Mohammad Saeed, Mohammad Saleh Karimzadeh, Tohid Rahimi, and Gevork Babamalek Gharehpetian. "A Fault-Tolerant Bidirectional Converter for Battery Energy Storage Systems in DC Microgrids." Electronics 12, no. 3 (January 29, 2023): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030679.

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Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) can control the power balance in DC microgrids through power injection or absorption. A BESS uses a bidirectional DC–DC converter to control the power flow to/from the grid. On the other hand, any fault occurrence in the power switches of the bidirectional converter may disturb the power balance and stability of the DC microgrid and, thus, the safe operation of the battery bank. This paper presents a fault-tolerant topology along with a fault diagnosis algorithm for a bidirectional DC–DC converter in a BESS. The proposed scheme can detect open circuit faults (OCFs) and reconfigure the topology to guarantee the safe and continuous operation of the system while it is connected to the DC microgrid. The proposed method can be extended to multi-phase structures of interleaved bidirectional DC–DC converters using only two power switches and n TRIACs to support the OCF occurrence on 2 × n switches of n legs. The proposed fault diagnosis algorithm detects OCFs only by observing the current of the inductors and does not require any sensor. Hence, the cost, weight, volume and complexity of the system is considerably reduced. Experimental results show that the reconfiguration of the converter, along with its fast fault detection, leads to fewer switches overloading and less DC voltage deviation.

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13

Wang, Fan, Yubin Wang, Bing Su, and Changpeng Teng. "Three-phase interleaved high step-up bidirectional DC–DC converter." IET Power Electronics 13, no. 12 (September 16, 2020): 2469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0295.

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14

G, Ramanathan, and Bharatiraja C. "A Single Stage Sepic Converter for Electric Vehicles Charging." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 6553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.6553ecst.

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This proposed system is about bidirectional power flow for charger of an E-Vehicles. The charger connected with PV source is designed, modelled, and implemented. In this topology, the output charging current is regulated by DC-DC converter. The bidirectional interleaved isolated SEPIC converter is proposed in this paper for charging the electric vehicle. The multi-step constant current charging method is used for charging operation. This reduces the number of power electronic components, which in turn minimizes the power loss. Simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink, and the results are obtained, which shows that battery can be charged with this topology.

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15

Ahlami, Zahirah, Iwan Setiawan, and Enda Wista Sinuraya. "PERANCANGAN TWO PHASE INTERLEAVED BIDIRECTIONAL DC-DC CONVERTER BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER DSPIC30F2020." Transient: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro 10, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/transient.v10i1.122-131.

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Rangkaian konverter arus searah dibutuhkan untuk mengatur arah aliran daya yang mengalir pada baterai dengan tegangan yang lebih tinggi dan baterai dengan tegangan yang lebih rendah. Pengaturan ini diperlukan untuk menyesuaikan arah aliran daya dengan kebutuhan beban. Dalam penelitian ini telah dirancang Two Phase Interleaved Bidirectional DC-DC Converter berbasis Mikrokontroler dsPIC30F2020 yang mampu menghasilkan riak arus keluaran yang semakin halus dengan fitur phase shift. Pengujian dilakukan dengan variasi duty cycle pada rentang 35% 65% dengan interval nilai duty cycle sebesar 5% untuk mengetahui arah aliran daya pada baterai 24V sebagai tegangan sisi tinggi dan baterai 12V sebagai tegangan sisi rendah. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa saat nilai duty cycle berada diatas 50%, maka konverter akan bekerja dalam mode buck dan mengalirkan daya dari baterai 24V menuju baterai 12V. Sedangkan saat nilai duty cycle berada dibawah 50%, maka konverter akan bekerja dalam mode boost dan mengalirkan daya dari baterai 12V menuju baterai 24V. Fitur phase shift yang diatur menggunakan mikrokontroler 16 bit dsPIC30F2020 menyebabkan arus yang mengalir pada dua buah induktor tidak mengalami kenaikan maupun penurunan secara bersamaan sehingga menghasilkan riak arus keluaran sebesar 21,42% dari riak arus yang mengalir pada salah satu induktor.Kata kunci: Two Phase Interleaved Bidirectional DC-DC Converter, buck, boost, dsPIC30F2020, phase shift.

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16

Garcia, O., P. Zumel, A. de Castro, and A. Cobos. "Automotive DC-DC bidirectional converter made with many interleaved buck stages." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 21, no. 3 (May 2006): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2006.872379.

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17

Tricarico, Thiago, Gustavo Gontijo, Marcello Neves, Matheus Soares, Mauricio Aredes, and Josep Guerrero. "Control Design, Stability Analysis and Experimental Validation of New Application of an Interleaved Converter Operating as a Power Interface in Hybrid Microgrids." Energies 12, no. 3 (January 30, 2019): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030437.

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This paper presents a new and specific use of a bidirectional interleaved converter to perform a power interface in hybrid microgrids. The converter is responsible for regulating the power flow between the direct-current (DC) microgrid and the rest of the hybrid microgrid by controlling the DC microgrid voltage. The authors present a detailed modeling of the mentioned system in order to develop the system control design and a stability analysis. In addition, the authors propose a new control design strategy aiming at improving the voltage control disturbance rejection characteristic, while maintaining a good dynamic behavior regarding the reference tracking functionality. In this hybrid microgrid topology, a back-to-back converter connects the main grid to the AC microgrid. The main objective of this converter is to provide a high-power-quality voltage to critical and sensitive loads connected to the microgrid. The interleaved converter adjusts the DC microgrid voltage according to the operational voltage of the back-to-back converter DC link. In the DC microgrid case, the variation of load and generation connection could lead to serious voltage sag and oscillations that could be harmful to the sensitive loads. The voltage controller must be capable of rejecting these disturbances in order to maintain a high-power-quality voltage. Furthermore, experimental results are provided in order to validate this specific application of the interleaved converter and the presented control design strategy.

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18

Frivaldsky, Michal, Slavomir Kascak, Jan Morgos, and Michal Prazenica. "From Non-Modular to Modular Concept of Bidirectional Buck/Boost Converter for Microgrid Applications." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 26, 2020): 3287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123287.

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In this article, the practical comparison of the operational performance of the modular (or multiport) and non-modular bidirectional buck/boost (bi-BB) DC/DC converter is realized. The main contribution of the work is the evaluation of both concepts based on various aspects, considering the qualitative indicators of the systems relevant for microgrids. Here, we discuss efficiency, electrical properties, costs, and component values. At the same time, critical comparisons are provided for converters based on SiC and GaN technology (non-modular high-voltage SiC-based dual-interleaved converter and modular low-voltage GaN-based). The concepts are specific with their operating frequency, whereby for each solution, the switching frequency is different and directly influences relevant components. The efficiency, overall system volume, output voltage ripple, and input current ripple are compared mutually between both concepts with a dependency on power delivery. These factors, together with overall volume and costs, are very important considering modern converters for microgrid systems. The summary of pros and cons is realized for each of the proposed converters, whereby the evaluation criterion is reflected within the electrical properties targeting microgrid application.

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19

ZHANG, Yuchen, Ruiqing MA, and Ping FAN. "Improved reduce-order modeling of bidirectional interleaved boost with coupled inductors converter." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 40, no. 5 (October 2022): 1046–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20224051046.

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In this paper, an improved reduced-order average modeling method for the bidirectional interleaved boost with coupled inductors (BIBCI) converter is proposed, based on the PWM and phase-shift dual-degree-of-freedom modulation and traditional reduced-order average model. Considering the power loss of the coupled inductor, the core loss, and the parasitic parameters of the inductors, capacitors, and switches in the circuit topology, the new model reflects the dynamic performance of the converter in a wide frequency domain more accurately than the traditional model. The small-signal model and transfer function are further deduced to provide a basis for the design of closed-loop controllers and have good engineering practicability. According to voltage source load or resistive load, the double-loop or triple-loop controller is designed correspondingly. The two models are theoretically analyzed and compared, and the proposed controller is verified by a 1.5 kW prototype.

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20

Yan, Yih-Her, Yong-Nong Chang, and Yan-Yong Wu. "Design of a Power Converter for Solar Energy Storage System." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (May 10, 2023): 5897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13105897.

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This paper presents a single-stage three-port isolated power converter that enables energy conversion among a renewable energy port, a battery energy storage port, and a DC grid port. The proposed converter integrates an interleaved synchronous rectifier boost circuit and a bidirectional full-bridge circuit into a single-stage architecture, which features four power conversion modes, allowing energy adjustment for both the renewable energy and the battery storage energy ports when power is supplied by the renewable energy port. It also features bidirectional functionality that allows the battery storage energy port to provide energy storage through the DC grid port, thereby providing uninterrupted power supply functionality. The converter uses four power switches and two inductors to boost and convert energy from the renewable energy port to the battery storage energy port or to the DC grid port through the bidirectional full-bridge circuit. The converter is also capable of 1 kW power energy conversion by utilizing an adjustable duty cycle with a fixed frequency of 100 kHz and phase-shift control through a built-in pulse width modulation control module of a TMS320F28 series digital signal processor. According to the experimental results, the converter developed in this study can achieve a conversion efficiency of up to 94%.

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Gatto, G., V. Isastia, I. Marongiu, S. Meo, and A. Perfetto. "Interleaved ZVS Active-Clamped Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Hybrid-Electric Vehicles." International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE) 6, no. 5 (October 31, 2011): 2188. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/iree.v6i5.8483.

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Lim, Chang-Soon, Nam-Joon Ku, Min-Sub Kim, and Dong-Seok Hyun. "A Two-Phase Interleaved Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with Zero-Voltage-Transition." Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics 19, no. 5 (October 20, 2014): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2014.19.5.431.

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23

Jia, Yifan, Dazhi Wang, Guofeng Sun, Yongliang Ni, Keling Song, and Yanming Li. "High-Order Sliding-Mode Control Strategy for Improving Robustness of Three-Phase Interleaved Bidirectional Converter." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (June 18, 2023): 9720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129720.

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Анотація:

In response to the era background of “comprehensive electrification” and “dual carbon plan” of electric vehicles, DC/DC converters have a good performance in terms of weight, volume, and efficiency and are widely used in fields such as solar power generation, UPS, communication, computers, and electric vehicles. At present, the DC bus voltage is an important indicator for measuring the safe and stable operation of high-voltage DC power systems in electric vehicles. Therefore, regulating the stability of bus voltage through converters has good economic benefits for the sustainable development of electric vehicles in terms of maintenance costs and effective energy management. In order to solve the problem of bus voltage resonance instability caused by negative impedance characteristics of constant power load in an electric vehicle DC power system, a sliding-mode control design strategy of three-phase interleaved bidirectional converter under constant power load was proposed. Firstly, a GPI observer was designed to estimate the state and concentrated disturbances of the system. Then, the estimated value was introduced into the controller for feedforward compensation, thereby achieving fast-tracking of the output voltage to the reference voltage. Finally, the simulation results show that the controller can effectively maintain the influence of disturbances and better improve tracking characteristics and robustness to disturbances and uncertainties.

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Shen, Chih-Lung, Heng Liou, Tsair-Chun Liang, and Hong-Ze Gong. "An Isolated Bidirectional Interleaved Converter With Minimum Active Switches and High Conversion Ratio." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 65, no. 3 (March 2018): 2313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2745441.

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25

Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza. "An Active-Clamping ZVS Interleaved Buck/Boost Bidirectional Converter With One Auxiliary Switch." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 67, no. 9 (September 2020): 7430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2945284.

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26

Mayer, Robson, Menaouar Berrehil El Kattel, and Sergio Vidal Garcia Oliveira. "Multiphase Interleaved Bidirectional DC/DC Converter With Coupled Inductor for Electrified-Vehicle Applications." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 3 (March 2021): 2533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.3015390.

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27

Affam, Azuka, Yonis M. Yonis Buswig, Al-Khalid Hj Othman, Norhuzaimin Julai, and Hani Albalawi. "A battery integrated multiple input DC-DC boost converter." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 677–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i2.4272.

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In this paper, the proposed single boost converter aims to harness more than one renewable energy (RE) input source and achieve a high voltage gain. The interleaved technique combined with voltage multiplier (VM) cells, reduced inductor current and attained high voltage transfer ratio. The boost converter possesses two unidirectional input ports and a bidirectional input port that is connected to a battery storage. The duty ratios of the power and interleaving switches are used to regulate the output voltage of the proposed converter. Three operation modes are identified, and steady state analyses of the converter are presented and discussed. The converter can store excess energy in the battery during periods of abundance and deliver power to the loads when the RE sources are low or unavailable. In addition, the output voltage is higher than that of the conventional boost converter. The converter delivered 278 V from 12 V and 24 V dual input sources. The converter operation is simulated and verified using MATLAB/Simulink.

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da S. Lima, Welton, Luan Carlos dos S. Mazza, Gustavo A. de L. Henn, Dalton de A. Honorio, Paulo P. Praca, Demercil de S. Oliveira, and Luiz Henrique S. C. Barreto. "A Bidirectional Isolated Integrated AC–DC Converter Based on an Interleaved 3-Level T-Type Power Converters." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 142754–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120345.

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29

Cui, Yulu, Yifeng Wang, and Xiaoyong Ma. "Parameters Design and Optimization of a High Frequency, Interleaved, Dual-Buck, Bidirectional, Grid-Connected Converter." Electronics 8, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8090973.

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Анотація:

In this paper, a high frequency, interleaved, dual-buck, bidirectional, grid-connected converter topology is proposed. Free from the straight-through and dead-time distortion issues, both higher switching frequency and power density can be achieved. Due to the interleaved technique, the current ripple and stress for inductors and other power devices can be effectively reduced. Moreover, a novel filter parameter design method is proposed. The method is optimized with smaller inductance, higher filtering performance, and better steady-state performance. For one thing, the performance requirements under the two states of inverter and rectifier are comprehensively considered. For another, the relationship between the performance indexes and the filter parameters is analyzed. However, the results show that the relationship between the performance indexes is contradictory. A set of optimization parameters were obtained by setting the priority of the filter performance index. The specific design process of the filter parameters is given in detail. In order to verify the rationality of the parameter design, a 5 kW prototype was built and tested. The total harmonic distortions (THDs) of the grid currents in the among grid-connected inverter, off-connected inverter, and rectifier states under full load were 2.7%, 1.2%, and 4.5%, respectively, and the power density reached 36 W/in3.

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Lai, Ching-Ming, Jiashen Teh, Yuan-Chih Lin, and Yitao Liu. "Study of a Bidirectional Power Converter Integrated with Battery/Ultracapacitor Dual-Energy Storage." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051234.

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A patented bidirectional power converter was studied as an interface to connect the DC-bus of driving inverter, battery energy storage (BES), and ultracapacitor (UC) to solve the problem that the driving motor damages the battery life during acceleration and deceleration in electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed concept was to adopt a multiport switch to control the power flow and achieve the different operating mode transitions for the better utilization of energy. In addition, in order to improve the conversion efficiency, the proposed converter used a coupled inductor and interleaved-pulse-width-modulation (IPWM) control to achieve a high voltage conversion ratio (i.e., bidirectional high step-up/down conversion characteristics). This study discussed the steady-state operation and characteristic analysis of the proposed converter. Finally, a 500 W power converter prototype with specifications of 72 V DC-bus, 24 V BES, and 48 V UC was built, and the feasibility was verified by simulation and experiment results. The highest efficiency points of the realized prototype were 97.4%, 95.5%, 97.2%, 97.1%, and 95.3% for the UC charge, battery charge, UC discharge, the dual-energy in series discharge, and battery discharge modes, respectively.

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31

Lo, Kuo-Yuan, Kuo-Hsiang Liu, Li-Xin Chen, Ching-Yu Chen, Chang-Heng Shih, and Jyun-Ting Lin. "Multi-Mode Control of a Bidirectional Converter for Battery Energy Storage System." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 8114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218114.

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In this paper, a bidirectional converter with multi-mode control strategies is proposed for a battery energy storage system (BESS). This proposed converter, which is composed of a half-bridge-type dual-active-bridge (HBDAB) converter and an H-bridge inverter, is able to operate the BESS with different power conditions and achieve the DC–AC function for lower input DC voltage applications. For the HBDAB converter, the variable-frequency control (VFC) and phase-shift control (PSC) are both adopted to achieve zero-voltage switching over a wider power range and the battery module balance control capability for BESS, respectively. In addition, the interleaved configuration is used to reduce the current ripple and increase the overall current rating. For the H-bridge inverter, the unipolar control mode (UCM) and totem-pole control mode (TPCM) are adopted to manage the real and reactive current control under different AC grid conditions. The UCM offers a reduction in current ripple for real and reactive power control. The TPCM is able to eliminate switching losses and achieve higher conversion efficiency for pure real power control. Considering applications for battery energy storage systems, the principle of operation and voltage gain analysis are described. Finally, computer simulations and hardware experimental results from a prototype system are presented to verify the performance of the proposed converter with the different control strategies.

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Cardoso Tricarico, Thiago, João Adolpho Victorio da Costa e Costa, Fábio Andrade Leite Alves, and Maurício Aredes. "A NEW CONTROL SOLUTION USING FCS-MPC FOR A BIDIRECTIONAL INTERLEAVED CONVERTER OPERATING AS A DC POWER-FLOW INTERFACE." Eletrônica de Potência 27, no. 01 (March 31, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2022.1.0041.

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33

Rehman, Abd Ur, Minsung Kim, and Jin-Woo Jung. "State-Plane Trajectory-Based Duty Control of a Resonant Bidirectional DC/DC Converter with Balanced Capacitors Stress." Mathematics 11, no. 14 (July 22, 2023): 3222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11143222.

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This paper presents the design, analysis, and control of a dual transformer-based bidirectional DC/DC resonant converter featuring balanced voltage stress across all the resonant capacitors. Compared to existing topologies, the proposed converter has a dual-rectifier structure on the secondary side, which allows operation over a wide load range with balanced voltage stress across all resonant components. The transformer stress is greatly reduced by employing two small transformers, thus greatly lowering thermal as well electrical stresses on the transformers’ windings. Furthermore, by operating the primary-side interleaved converter at a fixed 50% duty, input current ripples are significantly reduced. The proposed controller consists of a feedforward control part for effective system uncertainty compensation and a feedback control part for the convergence of system error dynamics. Notably, state-plane trajectory theory is employed to derive accurate feedforward compensation terms. Additionally, the effect of resonant elements’ parameter mismatch is analyzed in detail. The designed controller was implemented using the TI TMS320F28377D DSP on a 3.3 kW prototype hardware board. Detailed experimental investigations under tough, practical operating conditions corroborate an effective bidirectional power transfer operation with a balanced voltage stress distribution in each resonant element.

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34

Choi, Hyuntae, Minsoo Jang, and Vassilios Georgios Agelidis. "Zero‐current‐switching bidirectional interleaved switched‐capacitor DC–DC converter: analysis, design and implementation." IET Power Electronics 9, no. 5 (April 2016): 1074–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2015.0425.

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35

Chakraborty, Sajib, Hai-Nam Vu, Mohammed Mahedi Hasan, Dai-Duong Tran, Mohamed El Baghdadi, and Omar Hegazy. "DC-DC Converter Topologies for Electric Vehicles, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Fast Charging Stations: State of the Art and Future Trends." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081569.

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This article reviews the design and evaluation of different DC-DC converter topologies for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). The design and evaluation of these converter topologies are presented, analyzed and compared in terms of output power, component count, switching frequency, electromagnetic interference (EMI), losses, effectiveness, reliability and cost. This paper also evaluates the architecture, merits and demerits of converter topologies (AC-DC and DC-DC) for Fast Charging Stations (FCHARs). On the basis of this analysis, it has found that the Multidevice Interleaved DC-DC Bidirectional Converter (MDIBC) is the most suitable topology for high-power BEVs and PHEVs (> 10kW), thanks to its low input current ripples, low output voltage ripples, low electromagnetic interference, bidirectionality, high efficiency and high reliability. In contrast, for low-power electric vehicles (<10 kW), it is tough to recommend a single candidate that is the best in all possible aspects. However, the Sinusoidal Amplitude Converter, the Z-Source DC-DC converter and the boost DC-DC converter with resonant circuit are more suitable for low-power BEVs and PHEVs because of their soft switching, noise-free operation, low switching loss and high efficiency. Finally, this paper explores the opportunity of using wide band gap semiconductors (WBGSs) in DC-DC converters for BEVs, PHEVs and converters for FCHARs. Specifically, the future roadmap of research for WBGSs, modeling of emerging topologies and design techniques of the control system for BEV and PHEV powertrains are also presented in detail, which will certainly help researchers and solution engineers of automotive industries to select the suitable converter topology to achieve the growth of projected power density.

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Sarojini, L., R. Supraja, V. Hamsadhwani, and M. Sathiskumar. "Implementation of Wind Energy System Using Interleaved Boost Converter and Static Synchronous Compensator." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 5307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9422.

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Limited fossil fuel resources and current environmental considerations have created wind energy as the best alternative for spotless renewable source of energy, to replace the conventional sources of energy. The Wind power production has quite a few drawbacks owing in the direction of the methods used in harnessing wind energy. This paper focuses on the method that decreases the effect of the voltage variability within the grid initiated through uncontrollable imprudent power flow and the output power fluctuation within the grid. This paper gives solution to diminish the fluctuation that creates unstable voltage across the line by installing such an energy storage device. Reactive power compensation has been mutually implemented to manage the distribution of the reactive power supply across wind farm based power networking through internal Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). Here, bidirectional interleaved DC/DC-converters and double layer electrical capacitors are used. Therefore the introduction of two different systems, the energy storage systems with interleaved boost unit along with the reactive power mitigation for giant wind farms was implemented by integrating them into single system to check and review the wind power plant stability management.

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37

Zhang, Chi, Binyue Xu, Jasronita Jasni, Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi, Norhafiz Azis, and Qi Zhang. "Model Control and Digital Implementation of the Three Phase Interleaved Parallel Bidirectional Buck–Boost Converter for New Energy Electric Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 7178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197178.

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In recent years, the imminent environmental problems and increasing attention to the global energy crisis have prompted the need for new opportunities and technologies to meet higher demands for clean and sustainable energy systems. As a result, new energy electric vehicles have been developed to replace fossil fuel cars. Therefore, this paper presents a three-phase interleaved parallel bidirectional buck–boost converter, which is the core factor of electrical energy flow regulation and management between the battery pack and motor drive inverter within the high voltage direct current bus and converts the voltage from two directions. Corresponding circuit topology, mathematical model, and control strategy are analyzed in three operation states: charge buck, discharge boost, and electric energy interaction modes. The digital implementation with double closed loop, power feedforward compensation, and bidirectional switching logic are realized by XDPTM Digital Power Controllers XDPP1100-Q040 of Infineon Technologies AG. Finally, the experimental results of the proposed converter clearly show that it achieves the objectives, namely, the feasibility and practicality of the system.

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38

Raghunadh, N., K. Venkateswarlu, O. Nagasai, B. Venkatasai, A. Venkatasai, K. Venkatarao, K. SowjanKumar, and G. V. K. Murthy. "P-V Based Off-Board Electric Vehicle Battery Charger." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management 9, no. 1 (2022): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2022.9.1.110.

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Research on renewable energy based Electric Vehicle battery charging system is booming in the automobile industry in recent years. The intermittent nature of the renewable energy sources leads to the grid connected renewable energy systems for Electric Vehicle battery charging applications. In this paper, a photovoltaic array-fed off-board battery charging system using a bidirectional interleaved DC-DC converter is proposed for light-weight electric vehicles. This off-board charging system is capable of operating in dual mode, thereby supplying power to the electric vehicles battery from the photovoltaic array in standstill conditions and driving the DC load by the electric-vehicle battery during running conditions. This dual mode operation is accomplished by the use of a three-phase bidirectional direct-current. The model of the proposed system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software.

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39

Liu, Haitao, Shunmeng Xie, Zechun Dou, Yu Qi, Feng Liu, and Yifan Tan. "Commutation Behavior and Stray Inductance Analysis of a FC-3L-BDC Phase-Leg PEBB." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 9651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249651.

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The bidirectional dc-dc converter is a critical component for extending the use of renewable energy and improving the efficiency of high-power electronic systems. This paper presents the analysis of the stray inductance of a commutation loop and the commutation behavior of IGBT devices in a flying capacitor three-level bidirectional DC-DC converter (FC-3L-BDC) phase-leg power electronic building block (PEBB). An FC-3L-BDC phase-leg PEBB was designed as an example, which can be used to build 400 kW to MW-grade light rail train chargers, battery energy storage interface converters, or metro regenerative braking energy recovery converters with a single PEBB or several PEBBs interleaved parallel. In order to optimize the stray inductance of commutation paths and realize snubberless operation, a five-layer laminated bus bar was carefully designed, and the stray inductance of the bus bar was extracted by three-dimensional finite element analysis simulation. To obtain higher accuracy, the stray inductances of IGBT devices and capacitors were extracted from the test instead of their datasheets. Then, the accuracy of the commutation loop stray inductance analysis method was verified by practical experiments. The impact of the stray inductance of the commutation loop on the commutation behavior of IGBT devices was analyzed, and the switching characteristics of IGBT devices were measured under maximum DC-link voltage and entire current rating range at the temperatures of −40 °C, 25 °C, and 150 °C, respectively, finding that neither the excessive turn-off overvoltage of IGBTs nor the snappy reverse recovery of FWDs was observed.

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Kreutzer, Otto, Martin März, and Hideki Nakata. "Full SiC DCDC-Converter with a Power Density of more than 100kW/dm³." Materials Science Forum 821-823 (June 2015): 884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.821-823.884.

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This Paper describes a non-isolated bidirectional full SiC 800V 200kW DCDC-converter power stage for electric and hybrid vehicles that reaches a power density of more than 100 kW/dm3 at a switching frequency of 200 kHz. The high power density is achieved by the use of SiC-MOSFETs sintered on custom made Si3N4DCB-substrates controlled by custom made extremely flat drivers and a resulting very low inductive DC-link connection. All passive components like inductors and capacitor boards are custom made in order to keep all parasitic effects as low as possible. The power is subdivided on six interleaved phases to reduce the required capacitor ripple current capability.

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41

Choi, Woo-Jin, Kyo-Beum Lee, and Gyu-Bum Joung. "Bidirectional Soft Switching Three-Phase Interleaved DC-DC Converter for a Wide Input Voltage Range." Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics 20, no. 4 (August 20, 2015): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2015.20.4.313.

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42

Ni, Liqin, Dean J. Patterson, and Jerry L. Hudgins. "High Power Current Sensorless Bidirectional 16-Phase Interleaved DC-DC Converter for Hybrid Vehicle Application." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 27, no. 3 (March 2012): 1141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2011.2165297.

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43

Pan, Tengteng, Yubin Wang, Zengbin Qu, and Wendong Tao. "Topology optimisation and current sharing strategy of interleaved bidirectional dc/dc converter with coupling technique." IET Power Electronics 11, no. 15 (November 5, 2018): 2470–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5380.

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44

Saleeb, Hedra, Khairy Sayed, Ahmed Kassem, and Ramadan Mostafa. "Control and analysis of bidirectional interleaved hybrid converter with coupled inductors for electric vehicle applications." Electrical Engineering 102, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 195–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00202-019-00860-3.

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45

de Melo, Rodnei Regis, Fernando Lessa Tofoli, Sergio Daher, and Fernando Luiz Marcelo Antunes. "Interleaved bidirectional DC–DC converter for electric vehicle applications based on multiple energy storage devices." Electrical Engineering 102, no. 4 (May 12, 2020): 2011–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00202-020-01009-3.

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46

Veena, P., V. Indragandhi, and R. Jeyabharath. "An Interleaved Soft Switching Boost Converter with Bidirectional Full Bridge Inverter for Photo Voltaic Power Generation." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 6, no. 22 (December 5, 2013): 4204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.6.3533.

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47

Tahir, Mustafa, Shoaib Ahmed Khan, Tahir Khan, Muhammad Waseem, Danish Khan, and Andres Annuk. "More electric aircraft challenges: A study on 270 V/90 V interleaved bidirectional DC–DC converter." Energy Reports 8 (November 2022): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.06.084.

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48

Jung, Jae-Hun, Jihyun Kim, Eui-Cheol Nho, Heung-Geun Kim, and Tae-Won Chun. "New Control Method for the Current Ripple Reduction of 3-phase Interleaved Bidirectional DC-DC Converter." Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics 21, no. 3 (June 20, 2016): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2016.21.3.260.

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49

Huang, Xiucheng, Fred C. Lee, Qiang Li, and Weijing Du. "High-Frequency High-Efficiency GaN-Based Interleaved CRM Bidirectional Buck/Boost Converter with Inverse Coupled Inductor." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 31, no. 6 (June 2016): 4343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2015.2476482.

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50

Zhang, Yun, Yongping Gao, Jing Li, and Mark Sumner. "Interleaved Switched-Capacitor Bidirectional DC-DC Converter With Wide Voltage-Gain Range for Energy Storage Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33, no. 5 (May 2018): 3852–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2017.2719402.

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