Статті в журналах: "BFN Ceramic"

1

Bochenek, D., and P. Niemiec. "Technology and Properties of Ferroelectromagnetic Lead–Free BFN–Ferrite Composites." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 1405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2013-0184.

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Abstract A lead free ceramic composite 0.9BaFe0:5Nb0:5O3-0.1Ni0:5Zn0:5Fe2O4 (BFN-NZF) with ferroelectromagnetic properties have been obtained in presented work. Ceramic composite powder obtained from the simple oxides Fe2O3, Nb2O5, ZnO, NiO and barium carbonate BaCO3. The composition of the composite was chosen so that the ratio of the BFN and NZF components was 90:10. The synthesis of components of BFN-NZF composite was performed using the calcination method. Final densification of synthesized powder has been done using free sintering. The XRD, the microstructure, EDS and dielectric investigations were performed. For comparison of the BFN ceramic and the BFN-NZF composites, temperature and frequency impedance research was conducted. Relaxation phenomena were observed at temperatures above 235°C in the BFN ceramic and above 150°C in the BFN-NZF composite. Obtained results show the coexistence of ferroelectric and magnetic properties. Such properties of obtained composites give the possibility to use them in magnetoelectric transducers.

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2

Kar, Subrat, and Pawan Kumar. "Permittivity and modulus spectroscopic study of BaFe0.5Nb0.5O3 ceramics." Processing and Application of Ceramics 7, no. 4 (2013): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1304181k.

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Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 (BFN) powder was synthesized in single perovskite phase by conventional solid state reaction route and BFN ceramic was obtained by uniaxial pressing and sintering at 1350?C. Complex immittance like: permittivity and modulus spectroscopic formalism were simultaneously used to explain dielectric behaviour of the ceramics. The activation energy calculated from dielectric relaxation below 100?C was found to be ~ 0.19 eV. The activation energy obtained from modulus spectra above 100?C was ~0.59 eV. The space charge polarization model was used to explain the origin of relaxation and ?giant? permittivity of BFN ceramics near room temperature.

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3

Bochenek, Dariusz, Joanna A. Bartkowska, Lucjan Kozielski, and Izabela Szafraniak-Wiza. "Mechanochemical Activation and Spark Plasma Sintering of the Lead-Free Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 Ceramics." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092254.

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This paper investigates the impact of the technological process (Mechanochemical Activation (MA) of the powder in combination with the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method) on the final properties of lead-free Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 (BFN) ceramic materials. The BFN powders were obtained for different MA duration times (x from 10 to 100 h). The mechanically activated BFN powders were used in the technological process of the BFN ceramics by the SPS method. The measurements of the BFNxMA ceramic samples included the following analysis: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), DC electrical conductivity, and dielectric properties. X-ray diffractions (XRD) tests showed the appearance of the perovskite phase of BFN powders after 10 h of milling time. The longer milling time (up 20 h) causes the amount of the perovskite phase to gradually increase, and the diffraction peaks are more clearly visible. Short high energy milling times favor a large heterogeneity of the grain shape and size. Increasing the MA milling time to 40 h significantly improves the microstructure of BFN ceramics sintered in the SPS technology. The microstructure becomes fine-grained with clearly visible grain boundaries and higher grain size uniformity. Temperature measurements of the BFN ceramics show a number of interesting dielectric properties, i.e., high values of electric permittivity, relaxation properties with a diffusion phase transition, as well as negative values of dielectric properties occurring at high temperatures. The high electric permittivity values predestines the BFNxMA materials for energy storage applications e.g., high energy density batteries, while the negative values of dielectric properties can be used for shield elements against the electromagnetic radiation.

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4

Sonia, S., Mallam Chandrasekhar, and Pawan Kumar. "Microwave assisted sol-gel synthesis of high dielectric constant CCTO and BFN ceramics for MLC applications." Processing and Application of Ceramics 11, no. 2 (2017): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1702154c.

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Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 (BFN) and CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramic powders were synthesized by microwave assisted sol-gel synthesis technique and sintered at 1100?C and 1000?C, respectively. Calcination and sintering processes were carried out in a microwave furnace. Dielectric constant (?r)~2450 and dielectric loss (tan ?)~0.5 at frequency of 1 kHz and 20?C were observed for the BFN ceramic samples. Higher value of ?r ~ 3600 and lower value of tan ? ~ 0.07 at frequency of 1 kHz and in 20-60?C temperature range for the CCTO ceramic samples suggested its utility for MLC applications. Sharp decrease of ?r and sharp increase of tan ? at higher frequencies of BFN ceramic samples indicated the presence of Debye like relaxation.

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5

INTATHA, URAIWAN, SUKUM EITSSAYEAM, and TAWEE TUNKASIRI. "GIANT DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF BaFe0.5Nb0.5O3 PEROVSKITE CERAMIC." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 25n26 (October 20, 2008): 4717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208050462.

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Single-phase cubic Ba ( Fe , Nb )0.5 O 3 (BFN) powder was synthesized by solid-state reaction at 1443 K for 4 hour in air. X-ray diffraction indicated that the BFN oxide mixture calcined at 1200°C crystallizes to the pure cubic perovskite phase. BFN ceramics were produced from this powder by sintering at 1623–1673 K for 4 hrs in air. Samples prepared under these conditions achieved up to 94.7% of the theoretical density. The temperature dependence of their dielectric constant and loss tangent, measured at difference frequencies, shows an increase in the dielectric constant with temperature which is probably due to disorder on the B site ion of the perovskite. Non-Debye type of relaxation phenomena has been observed in the BFN ceramics as confirmed by Cole–Cole plots. The higher value of ɛ′ at the lower frequency is explained on the basis of the Maxwell–Wagner (MW) polarization model.

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6

SUTJARITTANGTHAM, KRIT, SUKUM EITSSAYEAM, KAMONPAN PENGPAT, GOBWUTE RUJIJANAGUL, TAWEE TUNKASIRI, GANNAGA SATITTADA, and URAIWAN INTATHA. "STRUCTURAL AND PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF (1 − x)PZT-xBFN (x = 0.1 – 0.2) SOLID SOLUTION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 25n26 (October 20, 2008): 4724–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208050474.

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The structural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of (1 − x) PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3– xBaFe 0.5 Nb 0.5 O 3 ceramic system with the composition near the morphotropic phase boundary were investigated as a function of the BaFe 0.5 Nb 0.5 O 3 content by X-ray diffraction (XRD), dielectric measurement and piezoelectric measurement techniques. Studies were performed on the samples prepared by solid state reaction for x = 0.10, 0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18 and 0.20. The XRD analysis demonstrated that with increasing BFN content in (1 − x) PZT −x BFN , the structural change occurred from tetragonal to the mixture of tetragonal and cubic phase. Changes in the dielectric behavior and piezoelectric properties were found to relate with these structural changes depending on the BFN contents.

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7

Maimon, H., Sukum Eitssayeam, Uraiwan Intatha, Tawee Tunkasiri, and G. Satittada. "Phase Evolution and Physical Properties of (1-x)BZT-xBFN Ceramic System." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.53.

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Phase evolution and physical properties of (1-x)BZT–xBFN ceramic system were investigated to find the optimum condition for electronic applications. (1-x)BZT–xBFN powders were prepared by solid state reaction technique varying x from 0.2 to 0.8 and various sintering temperatures from 1350 °C to 1450 °C. Phase formation was investigated by X-ray diffraction technique. The XRD analysis demonstrated that with increasing BFN content in (1−x)BZT–xBFN, the structural change occurred from the tetragonal to the cubic phase at room temperature. Changes in the physical and mechanical properties were then related to this structural transformation depending on the BFN content.

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8

Bochenek, Dariusz, Przemysław Niemiec, Artur Chrobak, Grzegorz Ziółkowski, and Artur Błachowski. "Magnetic and electric properties of the lead free ceramic composite based on the BFN and ferrite powders." Materials Characterization 87 (January 2014): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2013.10.027.

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9

Rerak, Michał, Jolanta Makowska, Małgorzata Adamczyk-Habrajska, and Lucjan Kozielski. "Impedance Spectroscopy of Pr-Doped BaBi2Nb2O9 Aurivillius Ceramics." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 6308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186308.

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Herein this study, the polycrystalline nature of the Aurivillius type structure is studied; primarily, the main objective is to observe the influence of dopant Pr3+ at the Ba2+-site of BaBi2Nb2O9 (BBN) ceramics. The ceramics under investigation were fabricated via the conventional solid-state reaction method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to analyse their morphological structure. It was found that the chemical composition of the ceramic samples corresponds well to the initial stoichiometry of the ceramic powders. An increase in praseodymium content caused a slight decrease in the average size of the ceramic grains. The obtained ceramic materials are described by a tetragonal structure with the space group I4/mmm. The electrical properties of the material have been studied using complex impedance spectroscopy methods in wide temperature and frequency ranges. The analysis of obtained results showed grains and grain boundaries contribute to conductive processes in the material. A possible ’hopping’ mechanism for electrical transport processes in the system is evident from the analysis of results based on Joncher law.

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10

Intatha, Uraiwan, K. Sathitada, Sukum Eitssayeam, Kamonpan Pengpat, Gobwute Rujijanagul, P. Thavornyuttakarn, and Tawee Tunkasiri. "Effects of Potassium Fluoride Salt Additive on the Sintering Temperature and Dielectric Properties of BaFe_0.5Nb_0.5O₃Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.885.

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BaFe0.5Nb0.5O3 (BFN) exhibits very high dielectric constant over a wide temperature range. However, these materials normally require high-temperature sintering to achieve a maximum densification. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of potassium fluoride salt on the sintering and dielectric properties of BFN ceramics. The results show that KF additive lower the sintering temperature by 100-200°C without affecting the formation of BFN phase. Ceramics doped with 1% KF show optimum densities of about 95% of the theoretical value when sintered at 1300°C. The addition of fluoride salt in the BFN ceramics causes very broad dielectric constant curves over a wide temperature range indicating the diffuse phase transition characteristic. Furthermore, this addition also reduces in the dielectric loss when compared with pure BFN ceramics

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11

Hong, Lan Young, and Dong Pyo Kim. "Highly Ordered Macroporous BN-Based Ceramics Prepared from Templated Preceramic Polymers." Key Engineering Materials 287 (June 2005): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.287.323.

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Macroporous SiCBN and BCN ceramic were prepared by infiltrating these preceramic polymers into the colloidal silica crystalline array, followed by pyrolysis at 1400ı and subsequently etching off the silica spheres. It is generally observed by SEM and TEM that a highly ordered and interconnected 'honeycomb' pore structure was obtained by replicating the three dimensional close packed silica spheres which was fabricated by natural sedimentation. And BET surface areas in range 413 ~ 315 m2/g and pore sizes of 113 ~ 395 nm in the porous materials were tailored by controlling the sacrificial silica sphere sizes in range 145~500 nm even under volume shrinkage involved during pyrolytic step. The porous SiCBN ceramics and BCN ceramic showed a slight weight loss of 0.2~0.8% and 4%, respectively, indicating excellent resistance to oxidation.

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12

Tussniari, Putu Ekayani Sri, I. Gusti Agung Putra Adnyana, and Made Cingah. "Characterization Porosity on Ceramic Body Stoneware Based Kalimantan Clay." BULETIN FISIKA 19, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2018.v19.i01.p02.

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It has been made ceramic body stoneware using a mixture of Kalimantan clay, RRC feldspar, Belitung kaolin, Belitung quartz and Bukit Jimbaran limestone further coded BPC-1. This study aims to determine the value of dry shrinkage, the effect of sintering temperature of 900oC and 1200oC against firing shrinkage, and the influence of sintering temperature of 900oC and 1200oC against porosity in the ceramic body stoneware. Ceramic stoneware burned with a temperature variation of 900oC and 1200oC. The results show the value of dry shrinkage in ceramic stoneware of 2.9%. Stoneware ceramic firing shrinkage at a temperature of 900 oC combustion of 1.3%, and the combustion at a temperature 1200oC of 3.8%. Porosity ceramic stoneware at a temperature of 900oC combustion showed porosity of 10.5%, while the combustion at a temperature 1200oC of 5.5%. Show that the combustion temperature greatly affects the value of dry shrinkage, firing shrinkage and porosity of stoneware ceramics. The higher the combustion temperature the higher the shrinkage and the decreasing the porosity.

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13

Wendri, Nyoman, Aprilion Krisandi, and I. Gusti Putu Yoyok Irawan. "Effect of the Ceramic Burning Temperature on the Characteristics of the Emission Spectrum (LIBS) of Al and Transmittance (FTIR) of Al-O on Ceramic Body of BL-1 Type." BULETIN FISIKA 21, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2020.v21.i02.p04.

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Aluminum (Al) contained in materials such as clay, kaolin is one of the elements that play an important role in the ceramic body. Al binds to other atoms like Si (quartz) to form a ceramic frame that is strong and not easily cracked. In addition, the bond with the group -OH plays an important role in relation to the ability of ceramics to absorb water. In this study, BL-1 type ceramic samples have been made with five variations of the burning temperature between 800-1000oC. To determine changes in the Al atomic content of ceramic samples were characterized by LIBS and FTIR spectrophotometers. The results of LIBS characterization of all samples showed two bands with peaks at wavelengths of 394.4 nm (Al-I) and 396.6 nm (Al-II) which are the characteristic peaks of Al atoms. The peaks with the highest intensity of Al-I and Al-II were resulted by samples that were burned at 900oC. Meanwhile, the results of FTIR characterization have shown a spectrum with bands at wavenumbers between 1030-1060 and 1150 cm-1 which are characteristic bands of stretching vibrations from Al-O. The peak of the band in the wavenumber between 1030-1060 cm-1 shifts towards a larger wavenumber with increasing the burning temperature.

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14

Intatha, Uraiwan, Sukum Eitssayeam, Kamonpan Pengpat, Gobwute Rujijanagul, and Tawee Tunkasiri. "Effect of ZrO₂ Doping in Physical Properties of Barium Iron Niobate Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.889.

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In this work, preparation conditions and effect of ZrO2 doped BaFe0.5Nb0.5O3 ceramics were studied. Relationship between structure and dielectric properties was investigated. Single-phase cubic BFN powder was synthesized by solid-state reaction at 1200°C for 4 hours with heating and cooling rate of 5°C/min. Various amount of ZrO2 doped from 0.1 to 0.5 %weight were used for doping. After that BFN ceramics were formed via uniaxial pressing and sintered at 1300°C for 4 hours with heating and cooling rate of 5°C/min. Physical properties, microstructure, phase evolution and dielectric properties were studied to find out the optimum conditions for high voltage capacitor applications.

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15

Roy, Sumit, Satyendra Singh, Sanat Mukherjee, and Kamal Prasad. "Structure and dielectric studies of (1-x)Ba0.06(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94TiO3- xBa(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 lead-free ceramics." Processing and Application of Ceramics 13, no. 4 (2019): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1904418r.

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In this work, the effects of Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 (BFN) addition on the structure and dielectric behaviour of Ba0.06(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94TiO3 (BNBT) ceramics have been reported. The lead-free (1-x)BNBT-xBFN (where 0 ? x ? 1.0) solid-solutions were synthesized by traditional ceramics fabrication technique and sintered at temperatures up to 1325?C. The X-ray diffraction peaks of the compounds of the entire series were indexed. It is found that the crystal structure of the obtained solid solutions changed from rhombohedral (R3c) to cubic (Pm3m) with an increase in BFN content. The Fourier transformed infrared and Raman spectra also confirmed the formation of solid-solutions. SEMstudies were carried out to evaluate the purity and microstructure of the fabricated ceramics. The dependence of phase transition broadening, phase transition temperature and dielectric parameters with compositional changes were also studied.

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16

Bismayer, Ulrich, Sutham Srilomsak, Yaowapa Treekamol, Waraporn Tanthanuch, and Kanokwalee Suriyatham. "Artefacts from Ban Chiang, Thailand: pottery with hematite-red geometric patterns." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 235, no. 11 (November 26, 2020): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2020-0076.

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AbstractBan Chiang () is an extensively studied archeological site in Northeast Thailand, Udon Thani Province, which became a UNESCO world heritage in 1992. Depending on their production period ceramic artefacts show characteristic patterns at the surface which may be interpreted as iconographic motifs for the site. Two ceramic samples, excavated in 2003, from different periods were re-investigated, previously studied by Tanthanuch W., Pattanasiriwisawa W., Somphon W., Srilomsak S. Synchrotron studies of Ban Chiang ancient pottery. Suranaree J. Sci Technol. 2011, 18, 15–28 who focussed on thermal firing and redox-conditions. Shards selected for this study were sample 5412-S6E15 dated from Bronze Age (ca. 1000–300 BC) with yellow-brown, paint-free surface and a younger sample 8027 from Iron Age (ca. 300 BC–200 AD) with red painted design carrying pictorial patterns typical for the Ban Chiang ceramics. The surface material and colour of both shards was studied in detail using optical reflectance, FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Thin sections were used to determine the thickness of the red paint and the elemental composition of the surface using an electron microprobe. Chemical composition of sample 5412-S6E15 consists as oxides of elements mainly of SiO2 and Al2O3 (representing ca. 59 and 20 wt. %) and that of the red colour of the youngest sample 8027 consists mainly of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 (representing ca. 52, 13 and 13 wt. %), the average composition adjacent to the red painted area has ca. 72 wt. % SiO2, ca. 10 wt. % Al2O3 and only 2 wt. % Fe2O3. X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and optical reflectance measurements confirm hematite in the mineralogical composition of the red pigment of shard 8027.

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17

Eitssayeam, Sukum. "Structural and Morphologies of (1-x)BaTiO₃-xBaFe_0.5Nb_0.5O₃ Solid Solution." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.137.

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The structural and physical properties of(1−x)BaTiO3 –xBaFe0.5Nb0.5O3 ceramics system were investigated as a function of the BaFe0.5Nb0.5O3 content by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dielectric measurement technique. Studies were performed on the samples prepared by solid state reaction for x = 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6. The XRD analysis demonstrated that with increasing BFN content in (1−x)BT–xBFN, the structural change occurred from the tetragonal to the cubic phase at room temperature. Changes in the morphology were then related to these structural depending on the BFN content.

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18

Negi, R. R., M. Chandrasekhar, P. Kumar, J. P. Kar, and C. Prakash. "Synthesis and characterizations of BT-BFN ceramics for capacitor applications." Ferroelectrics 517, no. 1 (September 10, 2017): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2017.1369825.

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19

Wang, Hua, Xia Yan Zhao, Ji Wen Xu, and Ling Yang. "Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Properties of KNN-LS-BF_1-_xC_x Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.94.

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0.998[(0.95(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.05LiSbO3]-0.002BiFe1-xCoxO3 (KNN-LS-BF1-xCx, x=0-0.8) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The influences of Co content on piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties were investigated. The results reveal that the substitution of Co significantly affects the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of KNN-LS-BF1-xCx ceramics. All samples with various Co contents show a pure perovskite structure. With increasing x from 0 to 0.8, the depolarization temperature Td of KNN-LS-BF1-xCx ceramics increase with increasing x, and the piezoelectric constant d33of KNN-LS-BF1-xCx specimen with x=0.2 is larger than those of other KNN-LS-BF1-xCx specimens in the investigated range when the temperature is lower than Td. The remnant polarization Pr decrease with x in the investigated range, but the coercive field Ec increase to 1.78kV/mm with x up to 0.6, and then decrease with further increase of Co contents x.

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Nithyanandan, Anouska, Suntharavathanan Mahalingam, Jie Huang, Sarrawat Rehman, Edward Draper, and Mohan Edirisinghe. "Bioinspired electrohydrodynamic ceramic patterning of curved metallic substrates." Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 4, no. 1 (March 2015): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/bbn.14.00020.

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Goto, Yusuke, and Makoto Sasaki. "BCN Ceramics from Pyrrolidine-Borane Complex." Materials Transactions, JIM 41, no. 8 (2000): 1068–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1989.41.1068.

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22

Keburis, P., J. Banys, A. Brilingas, J. Prapuolenis, A. Kholkin, and M. E. V. Costa. "Dielectric Properties of Relaxor Ceramics BBN." Ferroelectrics 353, no. 1 (May 18, 2007): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190701368109.

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23

Mohamad Esham, Mohamad Izrin, Abdul Latif Ahmad, and Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman. "Fabrication, Optimization, and Performance of a TiO2 Coated Bentonite Membrane for Produced Water Treatment: Effect of Grafting Time." Membranes 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11100739.

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The main problem usually faced by commercial ceramic membranes in the treatment of produced water (PW) is low water flux even though ceramic membrane was well-known with their excellent mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. In the process of minimizing the problem faced by commercial ceramic membranes, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposites, which synthesized via a sol-gel method, were deposited on the active layer of the hydrolysed bentonite membrane. This paper studied the influence of grafting time of TiO2 nanocomposite on the properties and performance of the coated bentonite membranes. Several characterizations, which are Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), contact angle, porosity, and average pore size, were applied to both pristine and coated bentonite membranes to compare the properties of the membranes. The deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of the coated bentonite membranes was successfully confirmed by the characterization results. The pure water flux performance showed an increment from 262.29 L h−1 m−² bar−1 (pristine bentonite membrane) to 337.05 L h−1 m−² bar−1 (Ti-Ben 30) and 438.33 L h−1 m−² bar−1 (Ti-Ben 60) as the grafting time increase but when the grafting time reached 90 min (Ti-Ben 90), the pure water flux was decreased to 214.22 L h−1 m−² bar−1 which is lower than the pristine membrane. The oil rejection performance also revealed an increase in the oil rejection performance from 95 to 99%. These findings can be a good example to further studies and exploit the advantages of modified ceramic membranes in PW treatment.

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24

Shi, Jiale, Tao Yuan, Rong Wang, Meifang Zheng, and Xinchen Wang. "Boron carbonitride photocatalysts for direct decarboxylation: the construction of C(sp3)–N or C(sp3)–C(sp2) bonds with visible light." Green Chemistry 23, no. 11 (2021): 3945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc00922b.

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An efficient protocol was established for the direct decarboxylative N–H or C(sp²)–H functionalization of acids via using metal-free heterogeneous ceramic boron carbonitride (BCN) photocatalysts.

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25

Qiang, Yuan, Zhen Qiang та Li Rong. "Preparation and Oxygen Permeability of BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δMembrane Modified by Ce0.8Y0.2O2-δPorous Layer on the Air Side". Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/157474.

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BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3−δ(BCFN) dense ceramic membrane with submicron-Ce0.8Y0.2O2−δ(YDC) porous layer was investigated by the partial oxidation of coke oven gas (COG) in hydrogen production. XRD analysis showed this composite had good stability and no chemical reaction at high temperature. SEM and TEM characterization further showed BCFN membrane was uniformly modified by YDC porous layer (about 5~6 μm thickness) formed by the accumulation of relative nanoparticles. At the respective COG flux and air flux of 108 mL/min and 173 mL/min, the oxygen permeation flux of BCFN modified by submicron-YDC porous layer reached 16.62 mL·min−1·cm−2, which was about 23.5% higher than that of pure BCFN membrane. Therefore, submicron-YDC porous layer obviously improved the oxygen permeation flux of BCFN membrane and its stability at 875°C.

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26

Reis, Carlos Henrique Bertoni, Rogerio Leone Buchaim, Karina Torres Pomini, Abdul Latif Hamzé, Isabella Vasconcelos Zattiti, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, Murilo Priori Alcalde, et al. "Effects of a Biocomplex Formed by Two Scaffold Biomaterials, Hydroxyapatite/Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramic and Fibrin Biopolymer, with Photobiomodulation, on Bone Repair." Polymers 14, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14102075.

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There are several treatment methods available for bone repair, although the effectiveness becomes limited in cases of large defects. The objective of this pre-clinical protocol was to evaluate the grafting of hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic biomaterial (B; QualyBone BCP®, QualyLive, Amadora, Portugal) together with the heterologous fibrin biopolymer (FB; CEVAP/UNESP Botucatu, Brazil) and with photobiomodulation (PBM; Laserpulse®, Ibramed, Amparo, Brazil) in the repair process of bone defects. Fifty-six rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven animals each: the biomaterial group (G1/B), the biomaterial plus FB group (G2/BFB); the biomaterial plus PBM group (G3/B + PBM), and the biomaterial plus FB plus PBM group (G4/BFB + PBM). After anesthesia, a critical defect was performed in the center of the rats’ parietal bones, then filled and treated according to their respective groups. The rats were euthanized at 14 and 42 postoperative days. Histomorphologically, at 42 days, the G4/BFB + PBM group showed a more advanced maturation transition, with more organized and mature bone areas forming concentric lamellae. A birefringence analysis of collagen fibers also showed a more advanced degree of maturation for the G4/BFB + PBM group. In the comparison between the groups, in the two experimental periods (14 and 42 days), in relation to the percentage of formation of new bone tissue, a significant difference was found between all groups (G1/B (5.42 ± 1.12; 21.49 ± 4.74), G2/BFB (5.00 ± 0.94; 21.77 ± 2.83), G3/B + PBM (12.65 ± 1.78; 29.29 ± 2.93), and G4/BFB + PBM (12.65 ± 2.32; 31.38 ± 2.89)). It was concluded that the use of PBM with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) positively interfered in the repair process of bone defects previously filled with the biocomplex formed by the heterologous fibrin biopolymer associated with the synthetic ceramic of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate.

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27

Lawanwadeekul, Siwat, and Mattika Bunma. "Analyzing the Performance of Ceramic Kiln by Using Thermal Image Technique for Reducing Energy Costs." Key Engineering Materials 766 (April 2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.766.7.

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The aim of this research was to find a way to reduce energy costs by using thermal image techniques for investigating the thermal efficiency of ceramic furnaces. The case study was “Ban Nam Jo Ceramic”. The researchers collected the information by performing an in-depth interview at the research area, collecting preliminary data and using the thermal camera in the technical analysis part. The researchers also measured the temperature and volume of gas in the furnace. After that, those data were used to calculate the energy balance and the thermal efficiency of ceramic kilns. The data showed that the first measured furnace had calculated thermal efficiency of 9.99%. After the maintenance, the thermal efficiency increased to 16.64%. Furthermore, the volume of liquid petroleum gas decreased by 40%, and the damage in products after firing decreased by 3 %.

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28

Goto, Yusuke, Makoto Sasaki, Masataka Hashizume, and Masaaki Suzuki. "Synthesis of BCN ceramics from pyrrolidine–Borane complex." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 19, no. 15 (November 1999): 2695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(99)00038-2.

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29

Pham, Manh Duc, and Thang Chien Nguyen. "The compound tombs at Cho Lach (Ben Tre)." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i2.1325.

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Between April & May 2014, the Department of Archaeology (Faculty of History, University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City) and the Department of Culture - Sports and Tourism of Ben Tre Province conducted an excavation of the compound tomb at Chợ Lách town (Chợ Lách district, Bến Tre Province). The main results are as follows: Archaeologists detected two raising architectures on brick ground like the architectural model of mausoleum, in which the big Mausoleum lies approximately directed southward, offset 3° east, including a stele house and a burial house in scale of 300cm in width, 240cm in length and 185- 205cm in height designed for 2-adult burial (normally a married couple often found in Nam Bộ Tombs). Two graves are of rectangular form because only soil walls surrounded the graves. They are submerged in water in the depth of 70-275cm, decomposed, containing just a piece of the adult skull, 5 very small bronze balls and plant traces (as coconut fiber and fruit (Mangrove palm), Bần rind (Sonneratia) and Ráng leaves (Acrosticlum aureum Linn), pottery and ceramic pieces etc. The small architectural mausoleum with stele and burial houses was opened heading straight West and with the scale of 140cm in length, 65cm in width and 95cm in height. The rectangular burial pit, with the dimension of length 130cm, width 60cm, depth 70cm, not flooded, so the wooden coffin covered by sarcophagus with iron nails is preserved. There are remains of a lying face-up child, spreading legs, wearing 2 bronze buttons. The baby was about 2-4 years old with the height of 100-110cm. From the results of forensic examination and comparative research into the tomb structure scale and the artifact collected from the excavated pit, the authors state that: The tomb monuments in Cho Lach belong to the styles of stele and burial house for aristocratic title, to the Nguyen Dynasty in two centuries 18th and 19th, with structure building material, brick grounds, steel frames, wooden coffins with iron nails, spherical virtual buttons, ceramic fragments etc. For the first time in Vietnam, tomb monuments contained such specific characteristics as 5 very small bronze balls and plant traces (as coconut fiber and fruit (Mangrove palm), Bần rind (Sonneratia) and Ráng leaves (Acrosticlum aureum Linn), pottery and ceramic pieces etc. Especially the first time in Vietnam, archaeologists find 2 aristocratic mausoleums sitting next to each other, perhaps belonging to the same family, in which the parents were lying in big burial pits and their child (ageing from 2 to 4 only) was lying in a small burial pit, but a majestic stele house of this model has still been built from the Medieval & Post-Medieval Ages.

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30

Yao, Takeshi. "Synthesis of functional ceramic materials from aqueous solutions." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 5 (May 1998): 1091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0150.

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Methods for synthesizing ceramic materials from aqueous solutions at ordinary temperature and pressure are advantageous because of the applicability to making films with wide areas and/or complicated shapes with no requirement of vacuum or high temperature, and because of lower cost. Powder of ZrO2 or LnMeO3 (Ln = La, Nd; Me = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) perovskite was dissolved in hydrofluoric acid and a solution of fluoro-complex ions was obtained. Boric acid was added to the solution, the fluoride ions were consumed by the formation of BF4-, and then the fluoro-complex ions were hydrolyzed to ZrO2 or LnMeO3 in order to increase the amount of fluoride ions. A number of synthesized particles of ZrO2 or LnMeO3 were observed on the substrates in scanning electron microscope images.

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31

Baumann, Dana L., Beth Ann Workmaster, and Kevin R. Kosola. "`Ben Lear' and `Stevens' Cranberry Root and Shoot Growth Response to Soil Water Potential." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.795.

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Wisconsin cranberry growers report that fruit production by the cranberry cultivar `Ben Lear' (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) is low in beds with poor drainage, while the cultivar `Stevens' is less sensitive to these conditions. We hypothesized that `Ben Lear' and `Stevens' would differ in their root growth and mortality response to variation in soil water potential. Rooted cuttings of each cultivar were grown in a green-house in sand-filled pots with three different soil water potentials which were regulated by a hanging water column below a fritted ceramic plate. A minirhizotron camera was used to record root growth and mortality weekly for five weeks. Root mortality was negligible (2% to 6%). Whole plant relative growth rates were greatest for both cultivars under the wettest conditions. Rooting depth was shallowest under the wettest conditions. Whole-plant relative growth rates of `Ben Lear' were higher than `Stevens' at all soil water potentials. `Stevens' plants had significantly higher root to shoot ratios and lower leaf area ratios than `Ben Lear' plants, and produced more total root length than `Ben Lear' at all soil water potentials. Shallow rooting, high leaf area ratio, and low allocation to root production by `Ben Lear' plants may lead to greater susceptibility to drought stress than `Stevens' plants in poorly drained cranberry beds.

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Auras Jabbar Siheem and Ahmed Abd Minshed. "The theory of reception and its applications in contemporary Iraqi sculptural ceramics." Funon Al-Basrah Journal, no. 25 (May 30, 2023): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.59767/bfj.5300.1988.

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This research is concerned with studying the theory of reception, searching for the basic objectives inherent in the structure of the subject, as it has occupied a large area in the course of thought because the reception is nothing but a correction of a studied idea. Receiving is subject to certain laws that make it able to perform its actual job and reflect the capabilities of its owner to adapt his skills and invest them to build an artistic structure that explains to the recipient the task of dialogue through the ages. Accordingly, the current research dealt with a study (the theory of reception and its applications in contemporary Iraqi sculptural ceramics), the research problem through the following questions: Did the recipient as a differentiated cognitive structure have a specific role in the methodological and value variables in contemporary Iraqi pottery?the results of the research, including The act of receiving is a (subjective-objective) verb based on a dialogue within a cognitive space that includes (the text with the recipient) to transcend any other statement and to be determined according to the context of the text and the cognitive system of the recipient only.Then came the recommendations and suggestions, and then put forward a list of sources and references. The research also included a summary of the research in English.

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33

Higham, Charles F. W., Judith Cameron, Nigel Chang, Cristina Castillo, Sian Halcrow, Dougald O'Reilly, Fiona Petchey, and Louise Shewan. "THE EXCAVATION OF NON BAN JAK, NORTHEAST THAILAND - A REPORT ON THE FIRST THREE SEASONS." Journal of Indo-Pacific Archaeology 34 (November 24, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/jipa.v34i0.14721.

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<p class="1Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">Non Ban Jak is a large, moated site located in the upper Mun Valley, Northeast Thailand. Excavations over three seasons in 2011-4 have revealed a sequence of occupation that covers the final stage of the local Iron Age. The site is enclosed by two broad moats and banks, and comprises an eastern and a western mound separated by a lower intervening area. The first season opened an 8 by 8 m square on the eastern mound, while the second and third seasons uncovered part of the low terrain rising into the western mound, encompassing an area of 25 by 10 m. The former revealed a sequence of industrial, residential and mortuary activity that involved the construction of houses, kiln firing of ceramic vessels and the interment of the dead within residences. The latter involved four phases of a late Iron Age cemetery, which again incorporated house floors and wall foundations, as well as further evidence for ceramic manufacture. The excavation sheds light on a late Iron Age town occupied at the threshold of state formation.</span></p>

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34

Lippincott-Schwartz, J., J. Glickman, J. G. Donaldson, J. Robbins, T. E. Kreis, K. B. Seamon, M. P. Sheetz, and R. D. Klausner. "Forskolin inhibits and reverses the effects of brefeldin A on Golgi morphology by a cAMP-independent mechanism." Journal of Cell Biology 112, no. 4 (February 15, 1991): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.112.4.567.

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Brefeldin A (BFA) causes rapid redistribution of Golgi proteins into the ER, leaving no definable Golgi apparatus, and blocks transport of proteins into post-Golgi compartments in the cell. In this study we follow the disassembly of the Golgi apparatus in BFA-treated, living cells labeled with NBD-ceramide and demonstrate that forskolin can both inhibit and reverse this process. Long, tubular processes labeled with NBD-ceramide were observed emerging from Golgi elements and extending out to the cell periphery in cells treated with BFA for 5 min. With longer incubations in BFA, the NBD label was dispersed in a fine reticular pattern characteristic of the ER. Treatment with forskolin inhibited these effects of BFA as well as BFA's earliest morphologic effect on the Golgi apparatus: the redistribution to the cytosol of a 110-kD Golgi peripheral membrane protein. In addition, forskolin could reverse BFA's block in protein secretion. Forskolin inhibition of BFA's effects was dose dependent and reversible. High concentrations of BFA could overcome forskolin's inhibitory effect, suggesting forskolin and BFA interact in a competitive fashion. Remarkably, in cells already exposed to BFA, forskolin could reverse BFA's effects causing the 110-kD Golgi peripheral membrane protein to reassociate with Golgi membrane and juxtanuclear Golgi complexes to reassemble. Neither membrane permeant cAMP analogues nor cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors could replicate or enhance forskolin's inhibition of BFA. 1,9-Dideoxyforskolin, which does not activate adenylyl cyclase, was equally as effective as forskolin in antagonizing BFA. A derivative of forskolin, 7-HPP-forskolin, that is less potent than forskolin at binding to adenylyl cyclase, was also equally effective as forskolin in antagonizing BFA. In contrast a similar derivative, 6-HPP-forskolin, that is equipotent with forskolin at binding to adenylyl cyclase, did not inhibit BFA's effects. These results suggest that forskolin acts as a competitive antagonist to BFA, using a cAMP-independent mechanism to prevent and reverse the morphologic effects induced by BFA.

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35

Majidi, Mir, Reza Baj, and Abdolhossein Naseri. "Carbon nanotube-ionic liquid nanocomposite modified carbon-ceramic electrode for determination of dopamine in real samples." Open Chemistry 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 1172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0251-2.

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AbstractRoom temperature 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetraflouroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) ionic liquid was employed for dispersion of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the formation of nanocomposite on the surface of a carbon-ceramic electrode. The surface of the modified electrode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The modified electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical activity to oxidation of dopamine (DA); whereas electro oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) was not seen and electro oxidation of uric acid (UA) appeared at a more positive potential than DA. The multi walled carbon nanotube-ionic liquid nanocomposite modified carbon-ceramic electrode was used for the selective determination of DA in the presence of high levels of AA and UA using differential pulse voltammetry. The calibration curve for DA was linear in the range of 3.00 to 130 µM with the detection limit (S/N=3) of 0.87 µM. The present electrode was successfully applied to the determination of DA in some commercial pharmaceutical samples and human blood serum.

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36

Zheng, Liang, Peicong Sun, Peng Zheng, Wangfeng Bai, Lili Li, Fei Wen, Jingji Zhang, Ningning Wang, and Yang Zhang. "Significantly tailored energy-storage performances in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–SrTiO3-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics by introducing bismuth layer-structured relaxor BaBi2Nb2O9 for capacitor application." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 15 (2021): 5234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc00437a.

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An innovative strategy was designed to improve the energy storage properties of Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃–SrTiO₃ (BNT–ST)-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, in which the bismuth layer-structured relaxor BaBi₂Nb₂O₉ (BBN) was adopted as the modifier.

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37

Wang, Chujun, Yubin Peng, Charles Spence, and Xiaoang Wan. "Receptacle interacts with consumers’ need for touch to influence tea-drinking experience." British Food Journal 122, no. 9 (June 1, 2020): 2981–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2020-0046.

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PurposeThis study was designed to investigate how the material properties of the tea-drinking receptacle interact with a participant's motivation and preference for extracting and using information obtained via haptic perception, namely the need for touch (NFT), to influence his or her tea-drinking experience.Design/methodology/approach72 blindfolded participants were instructed to sample room temperature tea beverages served in a cup that was made of ceramic, glass, paper or plastic. They were then asked to rate how familiar they were with the taste of the beverage, to rate how pleasant the taste was and to specify how much they would like to pay for it (i.e. willingness-to-pay ratings).FindingsThe material of the receptacles used to serve the tea exerted a significant influence over the pleasantness ratings of the tea and interacted with the participants' NFT, exerting a significant influence over their willingness to pay for the tea. Specifically, high-NFT participants were willing to pay significantly more for the same cup of tea when it was served in a ceramic cup rather than in a paper cup, whereas the low-NFT participants' willingness to pay for the tea was unaffected by the material of the receptacles.Originality/valueOur findings suggest that consumers may not be equally susceptible to the influence of the receptacle in which tea, or any other beverage, is served. Our findings also demonstrate how the physical properties of a receptacle interact with a consumer's motivation and preference to influence his or her behavior in the marketplace.

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38

Goto, Yusuke, Mokoto Sasaki, Ken-ichi Mukaida, Mamoru Omori, Akira Okubo, Toshio Hirai, and Takayuki Nagano. "Spark Plasma Sintering of BCN Ceramics Derived from Pyridine-Borane Complex." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 45, no. 11 (1998): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.45.1061.

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39

Adamczyk, M., L. Kozielski, and M. Pawełczyk. "Effect of hot pressing on processing and properties of BBN ceramics." Ceramics International 34, no. 7 (September 2008): 1617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2007.04.018.

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40

Chicardi, E., C. García-Garrido, A. M. Beltrán, M. J. Sayagués, and F. J. Gotor. "Synthesis of a cubic Ti(BCN) advanced ceramic by a solid-gas mechanochemical reaction." Ceramics International 45, no. 3 (February 2019): 3878–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.060.

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41

Adamczyk, M., L. Kozielski, R. Zachariasz, M. Pawełczyk, and L. Szymczak. "Structural, Dielectric Specroscopy and Internal Friction Correlation in 2NB2O9 Ceramics." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0001.

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Abstract The research presented in this paper concerns BaBi2Nb2O9 (BBN) which is the member of the Aurivillius family and seems to be interesting from the point of view of its potential applications in storage media. Our investigations focused on temperature dependence crystal structure and mechanical properties of this ceramics as well as on the dielectric properties of samples. Correlation between positions of the maximum of the real part of electric permittivity and the behavior integral width of diffraction lines XRD versus temperature had been discussed based of the presence of polar nano-regions with orthorhombic distortion in macroscopic tetragonal matrix.

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42

Cheng, Xu Xin, Dong Xiang Zhou, Zhao Xiong Zhao, and Qiu Yun Fu. "The Influence of Donor-Doped Concentration on the PTCR Characteristics of the Ba_n_-xSm_xTiO₃ Based Ceramics Sintered in Reducing Atmosphere." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 1031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1031.

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Positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) effect and electrical properties of (Ban-xSmx)TiO3(BSMT ) samples with different Ba-site/Ti-site ratio (n) and various concentration of the donor-doped Sm3+(x) sintered in a reducing atmosphere and reoxidized in air are investigated. The results show that the room temperature resistivity (ρRT) of the semiconducting BSMT ceramics first decreases and then increases with increasing of concentration of the donor-doped Sm3+, especially whenxis 0.005 mol, the ρRTof the BSMT ceramics is the lowest. Moreover, the ρRTof the Ba-excess BSMT (n= 1.01) specimens reoxidized at 800 oC for 1 h after sintering at 1270 °C for 30 min in a reducing atmosphere is lower than the Ti-excess ones (n= 0.99), in addition, the ρRTof the BSMT specimens increases with an increase of both sintering temperature and reoxidized time.

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43

Adamczyk, M., M. Pilch, and M. Pawełczyk. "Influence Of Thermal Treatment On Relaxor Properties Of BaBi2Nb2O9 Ceramics." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0012.

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Abstract In the hereby paper the implications of thermal modification of BaBi2Nb2O9 ceramics in high vacuum (5×10−11 bar) at a temperature equal of 1173K are widely discussed. The mentioned modification caused changes in the ions concentration (confirmed by EDS and XPS analysis) and as a consequence an influence on the value of the unit cell parameters as well as on the dielectric and relaxor properties of described ceramics. The obtained results of EDS and XPS analysis of the sample before and after thermal treatment revealed bismuth ions diffusion to the surface of the sample (which was expected) and an almost complete the lack of barium ions on the modified surface. The comparison of EDS and XPS analysis results, suggested that they penetrated the interior of the sample and embedded into the crystal structure in place of bismuth. The hypothesis is in good agreement with the results of X-ray diffraction – the volume of the unit cell had an insignificant increase. The changes in the ions concentration influenced, also in a distinct manner, the dielectric and relaxor properties as well as on the shape of temperature characteristic of thermal stimulated depolarization current observed in BBN ceramics.

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44

Adamczyk, M., A. Lisińska-Czekaj, L. Kozielski, R. Zachariasz, R. Nowak, and D. Czekaj. "Nano-indentation studies and macro-scale mechanical testing of vanadium modified BBN ceramics." World Journal of Engineering 9, no. 6 (December 2012): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.9.6.475.

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45

Houska, J., P. Steidl, J. Vlcek, and J. Martan. "Thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of hard B4C, BCN, ZrBC and ZrBCN ceramics." Ceramics International 42, no. 3 (February 2016): 4361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.11.115.

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46

Wu, Zhiwei, Yan Wang, Sihao Li, Xiaoyong Wang, Zhaojun Xu, and Fei Zhou. "Mechanical and tribological properties of B-C-N coatings sliding against different wood balls." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 26, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2019-0023.

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AbstractBCN coatings with different chemical compositions were prepared using RF magnetron sputtering via adjusting N2 flow. The influence of N2 flow on the bonding structure, mechanical and tribological properties of coating was studied. The structural analysis indicated the coexistence of B-N, B-C, and N-C bonds, suggesting the formation of a ternary BCN hybridization. The maximum Vickers hardness of 1614.7 HV was obtained at the low N2 flow (5 sccm), whereas the adhesion strength of BCN coatings on 316L stainless steel was improved with an increase of N2 flow. The friction behavior of BCN coatings sliding against different materials (acerbic, beech and lauan wood) was performed using ball-on-disk tribo-meter in air. The low friction coefficient was easier to obtain as sliding against hardwood i.e. acerbic balls. BCN-5 and BCN-10 coatings presented better wear resistance regardless of softwood or hardwood, whilst other two coatings were more suitable for mating softwood i.e. beech and lauan.

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47

Zhou, Fei, Koshi Adachi, and Koji Kato. "Friction and wear behavior of BCN coatings sliding against ceramic and steel balls in various environments." Wear 261, no. 3-4 (August 2006): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2005.10.009.

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48

Yu, Zhaoju, Muhe Huang, Yunhui Fang, Ran Li, Junying Zhan, Birong Zeng, Guomei He, Haiping Xia, and Litong Zhang. "Modification of a liquid polycarbosilane with 9-BBN as a high-ceramic-yield precursor for SiC." Reactive and Functional Polymers 70, no. 6 (June 2010): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.02.007.

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49

Gaggini, Melania, Laura Sabatino, and Cristina Vassalle. "Conventional and innovative methods to assess oxidative stress biomarkers in the clinical cardiovascular setting." BioTechniques 68, no. 4 (April 2020): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2019-0138.

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Oxidative stress has a pivotal and widely described role in the onset and progression of atherosclerotic plaque and cardiovascular disease. Many oxidative stress-related biomarkers can be measured in biological samples; however, there are still many aspects that limit the adoption of oxidative stress assessment in clinical laboratory practice. Here, we report an overview of the different sources and main common oxidative stress biomarkers relevant for cardiovascular physiopathology, describing in detail a recently proposed lipidomic assay for ceramide assessment, as a promising future development in oxidative stress evaluation among the many available redox-related tests.

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50

Ktistakis, N. T., M. G. Roth, and G. S. Bloom. "PtK1 cells contain a nondiffusible, dominant factor that makes the Golgi apparatus resistant to brefeldin A." Journal of Cell Biology 113, no. 5 (June 1, 1991): 1009–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.113.5.1009.

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Brefeldin A (BFA) was shown in earlier studies of numerous cell types to inhibit secretion, induce enzymes of the Golgi stacks to redistribute into the ER, and to cause the Golgi cisternae to disappear. Here, we demonstrate that the PtK1 line of rat kangaroo kidney cells is resistant to BFA. The drug did not disrupt the morphology of the Golgi complex in PtK1 cells, as judged by immunofluorescence using antibodies to 58- (58K) and 110-kD (beta-COP) Golgi proteins, and by fluorescence microscopy of live cells labeled with C6-NBD-ceramide. In addition, BFA did not inhibit protein secretion, not alter the kinetics or extent of glycosylation of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) glycoprotein (G-protein) in VSV-infected PtK1 cells. To explore the mechanism of resistance to BFA, PtK1 cells were fused with BFA-sensitive CV-1 cells that had been infected with a recombinant SV-40 strain containing the gene for VSV G-protein and, at various times following fusion, the cultures were exposed to BFA. Shortly after cell fusion, heterokaryons contained one Golgi complex associated with each nucleus. Golgi membranes derived from CV-1 cells were sensitive to BFA, whereas those of PtK1 origin were BFA resistant. A few hours after fusion, most heterokaryons contained a single, large Golgi apparatus that was resistant to BFA and contained CV-1 galactosyltransferase. In unfused cells that had been perforated using nitrocellulose filters, retention of beta-COP on the Golgi was optimal in the presence of cytosol, ATP, and GTP. In perforated cell models of the BFA-sensitive MA104 line, BFA caused beta-COP to be released from the Golgi complex in the presence of nucleotides, and either MA104 or PtK1 cytosol. In contrast, when perforated PtK1 cells were incubated with BFA, nucleotides, and cytosol from either cell type, beta-COP remained bound to the Golgi complex. We conclude that PtK1 cells contain a nondiffusible factor, which is located on or very close to the Golgi complex, and confers a dominant resistance to BFA. It is possible that this factor is homologous to the target of BFA in cells that are sensitive to the drug.

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