Статті в журналах: "Belt tensioners"

1

Feng, Xiao, Wen-Bin Shangguan, Jianxiang Deng, Xingjian Jing, and Waizuddin Ahmed. "Modelling of the rotational vibrations of the engine front-end accessory drive system: a generic method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 13 (January 23, 2017): 1780–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016685966.

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To investigate the rotation vibration dynamics of the pulleys and the tension arms, and to estimate the vibrations of the belts and the slip ratio between the belt and the pulleys in the engine front-end accessory drive systems, a systematic modelling and analytical method is proposed for engine front-end accessory drive systems; this can be used for modelling engine front-end accessory drive systems with different layouts and different numbers of tensioners, including automatic and fixed tensioners. In the modelling, the rotational pulleys are classified as fixed-axis pulleys and moveable-axis pulleys (such as the pulley in the tensioner). Moreover, the belt spans are classified as the belt spans between the two fixed pulleys, and the belt spans adjacent to the pulley of a tensioner. The equations of motion for each type of pulley and the tension calculation equations for each type of belt span are developed. In this way, the equations of motion for all the pulleys and the tensioner arms can be obtained easily, irrespective of the layout of the tensioners. To obtain the dynamic rotational vibration responses of an engine front-end accessory drive system by the conventional Runge–Kutta method, high-efficiency algorithms or methods are also proposed for calculating the tangent-point coordinates between a belt and the adjacent pulleys and the belt length of the contact arc on one pulley. The proposed modelling and analysis methods are validated by modelling different layouts of the engine front-end accessory drive systems with different types and numbers of tensioners, and also by comparisons between the calculated dynamic vibration responses of the pulleys and the belts and the real experimental data.

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2

Beikmann, R. S., N. C. Perkins, and A. G. Ulsoy. "Design and Analysis of Automotive Serpentine Belt Drive Systems for Steady State Performance." Journal of Mechanical Design 119, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826231.

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Serpentine belt drive systems with spring-loaded tensioners are now widely used in automotive engine accessory drive design. The steady state tension in each belt span is a major factor affecting belt slip and vibration. These tensions are determined by the accessory loads, the accessory drive geometry, and the tensioner properties. This paper focuses on the design parameters that determine how effectively the tensioner maintains a constant tractive belt tension, despite belt stretch due to accessory loads and belt speed. A nonlinear model predicting the operating state of the belt/tensioner system is derived, and solved using (1) numerical, and (2) approximate, closed-form methods. Inspection of the closed-form solution reveals a single design parameter, referred to as the “tensioner constant,” that measures the effectiveness of the tensioner. Tension measurements on an experimental drive system confirm the theoretical predictions.

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3

Goncharov, K. A. "Conceptual solutions for control systems of differential tensioners for belt conveyors." Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 7, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9920-2021-07-04-316-327.

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Differential tensioning devices for belt conveyors in general and intermediate drives of extended conveyors in the form of closed traction loops are a new type of automatic tensioning devices that differ from other known designs by the presence of a stepwise discrete belt tension control system with separation of compensation functions for belt stretching under load and control of its tension during the operation of the conveyor in order to create optimal modes of belt loading. The article analyzes the well-known and practical concepts of belt conveyor control systems in general. The possibility of controlling the traction force realized by the intermediate belt drive by controlling the tension of the traction and load-carrying belts is shown. On the basis of the analysis, conceptual solutions for control systems for differential tensioning devices of belt conveyors are proposed with the possibility of both autonomous use and application in the structure of an integrated conveyor control system. Possible structures of linear parts of differential tensioning devices are presented, as well as options for the implementation of executive parts that directly move tensioning elements.

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4

Michon, G., L. Manin, and R. Dufour. "Hysteretic Behavior of a Belt Tensioner: Modeling and Experimental Investigation." Journal of Vibration and Control 11, no. 9 (September 2005): 1147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546305055539.

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In this paper we describe the modeling of the hysteretic behavior of belt tensioners. An initial experimental device is composed only of the tensioner by using forcing frequencies, preloads and deflection amplitudes. It permits the identification of the parameters of the restoring force model used. Comparison of the measured and predicted force-deflection loops of the tensioner subjected to large deflections permits preliminary validation of the model. The second experimental device consists of a belt-tensioner system. Its non-linear modeling includes the above hysteretic model and the belt’s longitudinal characteristics. Validation of the belt-tensioner model is completed by comparing the measured and predicted belt tension. Finally, it is shown by using a parametric investigation and phase-plane portrait that the response of the belt-tensioner system increases with the frequency and the amplitude of the excitation.

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5

Leamy, M. J., and N. C. Perkins. "Nonlinear Periodic Response of Engine Accessory Drives With Dry Friction Tensioners." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 120, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893919.

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Belt drives have long been utilized in engine applications to power accessories such as alternators, pumps, compressors and fans. Drives employing a single, flat, “serpentine belt” tensioned by an “automatic tensioner” are now common in automotive engine applications. The automatic tensioner helps maintain constant belt tension and to dissipate unwanted belt drive vibration through dry friction. The objective of this study is to predict the periodic rotational response of the entire drive to harmonic excitation from the crankshaft. To this end, a multi-degree of freedom incremental harmonic balance method (IHB) is utilized to compute periodic solutions to the nonlinear equations of motion over a wide range of engine speeds. Computed results illustrate primary and secondary resonances of the accessory drive and tensioner stick-slip motions.

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6

Beikmann, R. S., N. C. Perkins, and A. G. Ulsoy. "Nonlinear Coupled Vibration Response of Serpentine Belt Drive Systems." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 118, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888336.

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This theoretical and experimental study identifies a key nonlinear mechanism that promotes strongly coupled dynamics of serpentine belt drive systems. Attention is focused on a prototypical three-pulley system that contains the essential features of automotive serpentine drives having automatic (spring-loaded) tensioners. A theoretical model is presented that describes pulley and tensioner arm rotations, and longitudinal and transverse belt vibration response. A recent investigation demonstrates that infinitesimal belt stretching creates a linear mechanism that couples transverse belt vibration to tensioner arm rotation. Here, it is further demonstrated that finite belt stretching creates a nonlinear mechanism that may lead to strong coupling between pulley/tensioner arm rotation and transverse belt vibration, in the presence of an internal resonance. Theoretical and experimental results confirm the existence of this nonlinear coupling mechanism. In particular, it is shown that very large transverse belt vibrations can result from small resonant torque pulses applied to the crankshaft or accessory pulleys. These large amplitude transverse vibrations are particularly sensitive to seemingly small changes in the rotational mode characteristics.

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7

Wang, Hong Yun, Xiang Kun Zeng, and Ji Yong Zhao. "Experimental Study of Dynamic Characteristics and Model Parameter Identification of Tensioner." Advanced Materials Research 988 (July 2014): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.332.

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Tensioners play a predominant role in the dynamic behavior of serpentine belt drive systems. The experimental set-up was carried out to study the dynamic characteristics of tensioner. Experimental results illustrate that tensioner shows hysteresis nonlinear dynamic characteristics, and dynamic stiffness and damping of slip motion of up stroke of tensioner are related to excitation frequency and amplitude. The first differential nonlinear model of tensioner was determined, and the parameter identification method of the model was introduced. The accurate of the nonlinear model and effectiveness of the parameter identification method was validated.

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8

Domek, Grzegorz, Piotr Krawiec, and Michał Wilczyński. "Timing belt in power transmission and conveying system." MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815704001.

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This paper presents the problem of phenomena occurring at the contact of a timing belt and a pulley. Depending on a belt size range these phenomena differ significantly. There is no indication as to what solutions are optimal for drive belts. The analysis of the coupling process and performance tests have shown that the drive belt should have a cord of very good mechanical properties and its raceway side should be made from the material of a low friction coefficient against the pulley material. A flat belt in power transmission and conveying systems cooperates with several elements consisting of timing pulleys, tensioners or guiding rails. In gear with timing belts they depend strongly on characteristics of the process as well as the type of friction. In recent constructions, producers of timing belts are very much concerned about achieving as much slippery surface as possible. The work describes the problem of friction on different surfaces as well as its influence on gear lifetime. Research results confirm that on many surfaces bigger coefficient of friction is expected.

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9

Lutz, Harald, Kai-Ulrich Machens, Sven-Yves Hoffmann, and Lars Kübler. "SPR4 - the next generation of seat belt pre-tensioners." ATZ worldwide 112, no. 12 (December 2010): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03225260.

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10

Ermakov, V. V., R. A. Maleev, A. A. Holodov, and YU M. SHmatkov. "The digital gauge of a tension of a belt of a gas-distributing mechanism and the generator in VAZ vehicles." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 12, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66818.

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In this article, the analysis of belt tension measurement instruments for the gas-distributing mechanism of automotive internal combustion engines is presented. The review and analysis of belt tension measurement instruments of the gas-distributing mechanism of leading foreign manufacturers was conducted. Classification of methods for measuring belt tension is carried out. It is concluded that the mechanical belt tension indicators do not provide sufficient measurement accuracy. The classification of electronic belt tensioners is considered. The main disadvantages of modern electronic measurement instruments of belt tension of the gas distribution mechanism of automobile internal combustion engines are revealed. A digital device for measuring the belt tension of the gas distribution mechanism of automotive internal combustion engines, developed at Togliatti Polytechnic University, is presented. Structural and schematic diagrams of the device for measuring belt tension, as well as working diagrams of the device, are given. The developed instrument is universal and can also be used to measure the tension of any belts, for example, for driving a car generator. The proposed method for measuring the tension of the gas-distributing belt and the generator can be further adapted to the use for motor vehicles of various automakers (including foreign ones) that are equipped, in particular, with electric start systems with a capacitive energy storage and a battery.

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11

Kong, L., and R. G. Parker. "Equilibrium and Belt-Pulley Vibration Coupling in Serpentine Belt Drives." Journal of Applied Mechanics 70, no. 5 (September 1, 2003): 739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1598477.

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Serpentine belt drives with spring-loaded tensioners are now widely used in the automotive industry. Experimental measurements show that linear system vibration coupling exists between the pulley rotations and the transverse span deflections. Former models that treat the belt as a string and neglect the belt bending stiffness cannot explain this coupling phenomenon. In this paper, a new serpentine belt system model incorporating the belt bending stiffness is established. The finite belt bending stiffness causes nontrivial transverse span equilibria, in contrast to string models with straight span equilibria. Nontrivial span equilibria cause linear span-pulley coupling, and the degree of coupling is determined by the equilibrium curvatures. A computational method based on boundary value problem solvers is developed to obtain the numerically exact solution of the nonlinear equilibrium equations. An approximate analytical solution of closed-form is also obtained for the case of small bending stiffness. Based on these solutions, the effects of design variables on the equilibrium deflections and span-pulley coupling are investigated.

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12

Кіктєв, Микола Олександрович. "Calculation algorithm development of pulling ability of drivegear and conveyor belt tensioners." Technology audit and production reserves 5, no. 1(19) (October 2, 2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2014.28089.

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13

Silva, Carlos AF, Lionel Manin, Marie-Ange Andrianoely, Etienne Besnier, and Didier Remond. "Power losses distribution in serpentine belt drive: Modelling and experiments." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 13 (January 25, 2019): 3424–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018824943.

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Over the last years, significant research effort has been directed towards developing vehicle transmissions more energy efficient. This effort has been a direct consequence of the new environmental regulations encouraging truck and car manufacturers to reduce the power losses of their engines. For development purposes and in belt transmission design, it is worth predicting the power losses before manufacturing. For predicting the power losses in serpentine belt drive, theoretical models have been developed taking into consideration different types of energy loss taking place in a front engine accessory drive. These losses have several origins: from the poly-V belt or the mechanical components of the system (bearings, tensioners). The present paper reviews the state-of-the-art research on power losses modelling in a front engine accessory drive and focuses on internal and external losses of the belt. To construct a predictive power loss model, external losses such as belt–pulley slip and bearings friction are modelled and implemented in addition to our previous modelling of belt-hysteresis losses. Simulation results are compared with experiments on a specific test bench which has been designed to permit measuring the power losses for any kind of belt transmission layout. The experiment results permit highlighting some particular power losses as belt-hysteresis losses, pulley-belt slip losses and bearing losses. The comparisons between simulation and experimental results permit validating the developed models.

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14

Özkaynak, Merve, and Burçin Şenol Şeker. "Structural Assessment of the Sustainability of the Historical Clock Tower as a Landmark." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 30, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.28882.

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In the historical process, many tools have been used to measure time. With technological advances, clock towers were built with mechanical clocks. But today, rather than their original function, historic urban centers have become an image of cities. First built in Europe, clock towers were built in various cities of Anatolia during the Ottoman Period. The protection and sustainability of clock towers, which are one of physical identity, is important for the continuity of cultural heritage. Determining the damages that earthquakes will contribute to the protection and sustainability of clock towers. In the study, the historical clock tower in Çorum was modeled in three dimensions and subjected to static and dynamic analysis. In static analysis, it is seen that the upper part of the main entrance door and dynamic analyses increase in the transition from the octagonal plan in the lower region to the circular cross-sectional zone in the upper region. Also, it was determined that the maximum values of deformations appeared as displacement in orthogonal directions at the top of the tower. As a result, as a strengthening proposal, it is thought that iron tensioners passing through the stirrup plane of the entrance door conveyor belt should be added.

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15

Ulsoy, A. G., J. E. Whitesell, and M. D. Hooven. "Design of Belt-Tensioner Systems for Dynamic Stability." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 107, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269258.

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Belt drive systems are an effective means for power transmission which offer the advantages of light weight, low cost, quietness, and efficiency. Recently in automotive applications there has been a trend to power several accessories with a single drive belt in order to reduce overall vehicle size and weight. Since these belts are typically longer than conventional belts, a tensioner component is added to maintain acceptable belt tension levels. In this paper we describe several potential instability mechanisms for belt-tensioner systems, and present a design methodology to ensure good dynamic performance of such systems. A mathematical model of the belt-tensioner system, and numerical solution methods, are utilized to develop a computer-aided design procedure. Numerical results, and confirming experimental data, are presented for a particular automotive belt-tensioner system.

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16

SPINACHE, Edward, Adrian TRANDAFIR, Mihai DIACONU, Gustavo OZUNA, Marek WOZNIAK, Przemyslaw KUBIAK, and Krzysztof SICZEK. "The effect of SiO2 nanoparticles content in engine oil on tribological properties of valvetrain chain transmission components." Combustion Engines 179, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-401.

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The drive from the crankshaft to the camshaft in an internal combustion engine is usually carried out by means of a cogged belt transmission or a chain transmission when high millage is required without service operations. The valvetrains in CI engines sometimes use the gear transmissions, and the historical rather bevel gear can be found in old cars of collectors or in some motorcycle engines. The chain gear used in SI engines has a two- or three-row chain with high strength, due the unevenness of loads that additionally induce chain pulling and valve timing deregulation. The chain transmission requires the use of pre-tensioners, usually self-acting and driven by springs or oil pressure. The vibrations and chain runout are limited using plastic guides placed on the outside of the long straight sections of the chain. The model of the chain transmission developed with the use of the Finite Elements Method, which operates under oil lubrication conditions, was analyzed. Such the model allowed obtaining weight and mass inertial moments of components. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of SiO2 nanoparticles content in engine oil on the friction between chain transmission components. The resulted values of the friction torque in the chain transmission operating in different conditions of lubrication have been presented in the paper.

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17

di Napoli, Maria, Renato Galluzzi, Enrico C. Zenerino, Andrea Tonoli, and Nicola Amati. "Investigation on the performances of a twin arm tensioning device." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 7 (May 23, 2018): 1687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018775816.

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In the present work, an experimental analysis of the performances of a twin arm tensioner is conducted. The investigated device is used in an automotive belt drive system mounting a belt starter generator. This configuration represents the latest trend of micro-hybrid technologies and is devoted to keep the tension of the belt within a reasonable range, while obtaining the highest possible efficiency in both motor and generator modes. At first, the functionality of a twin arm tensioner is investigated with a static model. Afterward, the performances of a real tensioner are experimentally assessed through a dedicated test rig in quasi-static conditions. The system is benchmarked in terms of angular displacement of the tensioner arms, belt tensions on the corresponding spans, and sliding arc in different operating conditions. Finally, experimental and simulation results are compared. It is shown that the proposed static model is able to capture the behavior of the real device and highlight its functionality.

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18

DYACHENKO, V. P. "SPECIFIC FEATURES OF DEFORMATION OF THE GROOVED CONVEYOR BELT AT LOW TENSIONS." Bulletin of the Tver State Technical University. Series «Engineering», no. 4 (2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46573/2658-5030-2020-4-46-53.

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The article presents analytical dependences for the maximum permissible bending radius of the conveyor belt in the longitudinal direction, in which the shape of the gutter is lost in areas with low tension, depending on the design and physical and mechanical properties of the belt. The results of calculations based on these dependencies for a number of modern rubber-fabric and rubber-rope belts are presented. The results obtained can be applied to determine the minimum allowable belt tension and the maximum allowable belt deflection, which usually occur in the loading zone of the conveyor and are the starting value when constructing a tension diagram in the process of traction calculation of the conveyor. They are also useful for determining the parameters of transition sections of conveyor belts.

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19

Alciatore, D. G., and A. E. Traver. "Multipulley Belt Drive Mechanics: Creep Theory vs Shear Theory." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826711.

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This paper investigates two belt mechanics theories and discusses the situations and materials for which they apply. Traditional creep theory is presented along with shear theory which was recently introduced to describe the behavior of steel-reinforced belts. Emphasis is placed on determination of tensions in the spans of a running belt and on applying results to multipulley configurations.

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20

Schulz, M. "Elastic creep in serpentine belt drives and adopting a suitable strain measure." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 218, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1421–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406042690515.

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The paper deals with the transient dynamics of serpentine belt drives. A model for the rotational motion that has been proposed in the literature is extended to elastic belt creep. However, unlike previous articles, this paper adopts a logarithmic strain measure to describe elastic creep. A condition for the existence of steady state motions with constant belt tensions, as a solution of the mass conservation law, is derived. This condition is violated for the linear strain measure together with Hooke's law, whereas it holds for the logarithmic strain measure. As a consequence, only the logarithmic strain measure, together with Hooke's law, leads to system equations that cover steady operating states. In the case of linear strain, belt tensions and tensioner position do not converge towards constant values when choosing a set of external torques that balance each other out. This is illustrated by two numerical examples. Furthermore, the considerations are reinforced and anchored in the automotive field by analysing the transient belt drive behaviour during a ‘revving-up’ manoeuvre of a common rail diesel engine. The considerations are generally applicable, not only to the classical elastic creep theory but also to any other, more sophisticated theory.

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21

Sequeira, Gerald Joy, Robert Lugner, Ulrich Jumar, and Thomas Brandmeier. "A validation sensor based on carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic for early activation of automotive occupant restraint systems." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-19-2019.

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Abstract. In the automotive industry, sensors and sensor systems are one of the most important components in upcoming challenges like highly automated and autonomous driving. Forward-looking sensors (radar, lidar and cameras) have the technical capability to already provide important (pre-)crash information, such as the position of contact, relative crash velocity and overlap (width of contact) before the crash occurs. Future safety systems can improve crash mitigation with sophisticated vehicle safety strategies based on this information. One such strategy is an early activation of restraint systems compared with conventional passive safety systems. These integrated safety systems consist of a combination of predictive forward-looking sensors and occupant restraint systems (airbags, belt tensioners, etc.) to provide the best occupant safety in inevitable crash situations. The activation of the restraint systems is the most critical decision process and requires a very robust validation system to avoid false activation. Hence, the information provided by the forward-looking sensor needs to be highly reliable. A validation sensor is required to check the plausibility of crucial information from forward-looking sensors used in integrated safety systems for safe automated and autonomous driving. This work presents a CFRP-based (carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic) validation sensor working on the principle of change in electrical resistance when a contact occurs. This sensor detects the first contact, gives information on impact position (where the contact occurs) and provides information on the overlap. The aim is to activate the vehicle restraint systems at near T0 (time of first contact). Prototypes of the sensor were manufactured in house and manually and were evaluated. At first, the sensor and its working principle were tested with a pendulum apparatus. In the next stage, the sensor was tested in a real crash test. The comparison of the signals from the CFRP-based sensor with presently used crash sensors in the vehicle highlights its advantages. The crash event can be identified at 0.1 ms after the initial contact. The sensor also provides information on impact position at 1.2 ms and enables a validation of the overlap development. Finally, a possible algorithm for the vehicle safety system using forward-looking sensors with a validation sensor is described.

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22

Long, Shangbin, Zhihong Yin, Xuezhi Zhao, and Wen-Bin Shangguan. "Methods for estimating hysteretic behavior and vibration responses of a timing belt tensioner." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 11 (November 2019): 168781401989022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019890228.

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An automatic tensioner that consists of a torsional spring and friction damping elements is widely used in belt drive system. The relation of the applied torque versus the imposed angle of tensioner during loading and unloading processes is described as a hysteretic loop. An analytical model is established for estimating the hysteretic behavior of a tensioner, and measurements for hysteretic loop in quasi-static and dynamic excitation are carried out to validate the analytical model. Taking one engine timing belt drive system as a studying example, the method and the procedure for estimating vibration responses of the nonlinear tensioner are given. An iterative algorithm for predicting the accurate equivalent viscous damping of tensioner is carried out in analyzing a belt drive system. The vibration responses of tensioner are validated by the measurement of timing belt drive system. The developed method presented in this article is useful for predicting the hysteretic behavior of tensioner, vibration responses, and the parameters optimization of a belt drive system.

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23

Feng, Xiao, Wen-Bin Shangguan, Jianxiang Deng, and Xingjian Jing. "Modeling and dynamic analysis of accessory drive systems with integrated starter generator for micro-hybrid vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 5 (April 15, 2018): 1162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018764159.

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Belt-driven integrated starter generator system is a hybrid transmission that resembles the conventional serpentine belt-driven system. The system contains an integrated starter generator that performs a “start-stop” function on the engine. A two-pulley tensioner mechanism is attached to the integrated starter generator to maintain belt tension. The objectives of this paper are to develop modeling and calculation methods for estimating the performances of the belt-driven integrated starter generator system and to investigate the influence of damping of the two-pulley tensioner on vibration and shock. A systematic modeling and analysis method is proposed. The modeling method for the two-pulley tensioner is distinguished from any existing studies, which are generic for modeling the tensioner in belt-driven integrated starter generator systems with different layouts. A typical belt-driven integrated starter generator system is presented and a model is established to predict the dynamic response of rotational vibrations of pulleys, tensioner motions, and tension fluctuations. A parametric analysis is conducted to evaluate the two-pulley tensioner parameters with respect to their impact on the performances of the belt-driven integrated starter generator system.

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24

Savinkin, V. V., V. N. Kuznetsova, and A. S. Abilmazhinova. "Development of an Energy- Efficient Rotary Inertia Device for Briquetting Household Solid Waste (HSW)." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-38-57.

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Today, increasing volumes of household solid waste (HSW) pose a serious problem throughout the world. The solution to this problem is involvement of secondary raw materials and waste in production. The disposal of HSW includes laborious stages of its collection and transportation. Aggregates of the garbage truck work inefficiently, only pressing HSW into a shapeless mass, not subject to sorting and processing. The suggested re-equipment of a special vehicle with aggregates with the combined functions of «loading–forwarding–grinding–pressing– briquetting» will significantly reduce the energy consumption of the transportation process by providing simultaneous processing and briquetting of garbage at the time of its transportation. A scientific and technical problem arises in development of a technique for technical re-equipment of high-performance special equipment with given nominal energy and power characteristics of the machines. It was proposed to solve this problem by combining recuperative systems with reuse of the energy of gravity of the own mass of garbage. Thus, the objective of the work is to develop a rotor-inertial device with reduced energy intensity. Methods of analytical and statistical research of the model range of special equipment with an analysis of its technical characteristics have been applied. To solve the problem of developing a kinematic diagram of a briquetting device, a calculation was performed based on the method of modeling the structure of composite aggregates. Modeling was performed in SolidWorks program in Simulation application package. The developed kinematic diagrams of units and aggregates for briquetting and pressing garbage operate at rated power characteristics of hydraulic equipment achieved due to distribution of drive power among the most energy- loaded operations. The article presents the rationale for effectiveness of the developed rotary- inertia device for briquetting HSW. The originality of the design lies in the structural arrangement of the briquetting unit and the grinding mechanism. The use of the principles of inertial moments and gravity of own mass of garbage allowed us to significantly (by 25 %) reduce the energy consumption of the pressing process and formation of the finished briquette. The use of mechanical energy of the conveyor belt tensioners and of the mass of the roll increased with briquetting under its own weight, allowed to reduce the work spent to form compacted HSW from 48000 kJ to 11970 kJ, to reduce the volume of the pressed roll, to increase the utilization rate of load carrying capacity, to reduce the energy intensity of the process.

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25

Elahi, Mahboob, Samuel Olaiya Afolaranmi, Wael M. Mohammed, and Jose Luis Martinez Lastra. "Energy-Based Prognostics for Gradual Loss of Conveyor Belt Tension in Discrete Manufacturing Systems." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 4705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134705.

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This paper presents a data-driven approach for the prognosis of the gradual behavioural deterioration of conveyor belts used for the transportation of pallets between processing workstations of discrete manufacturing systems. The approach relies on the knowledge of the power consumption of a conveyor belt motor driver. Data are collected for two separate cases: the static case and dynamic case. In the static case, power consumption data are collected under different loads and belt tension. These data are used by a prognostic model (artificial neural network (ANN)) to learn the conveyor belt motor driver’s power consumption pattern under different belt tensions and load conditions. The data collected during the dynamic case are used to investigate how the belt tension affects the movement of pallets between conveyor zones. During the run time, the trained prognostic model takes real-time power consumption measurements and load information from a testbench (a discrete multirobot mobile assembling line) and predicts a belt tension class. A consecutive mismatch between the predicted belt tension class and optimal belt tension class is an indication of failure, i.e., a gradual loss of belt tension. Hence, maintenance steps must be taken to avoid further catastrophic situations such as belt slippages on head pulleys, material slippages and belt wear and tear.

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26

Kong, L., and R. G. Parker. "Microslip friction in flat belt drives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1097–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440605x31959.

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The microslip shear model of belt mechanics is extended to fully incorporate belt inertia effects and used to analyse the steady state of a two-pulley drive. The belt is modelled as an axially moving string consisting of a tension-bearing member and a pliable elastomer envelope. Relative displacement between the tension-bearing member and the pulley surfaces shears the elastomer envelope, transferring the friction from the pulley surface to the tension-bearing member. The belt-pulley contact arcs consist of adhesion and sliding zones. Static friction exists in the adhesion zones, whereas kinetic friction exists in the sliding zones. An iteration method involving one outer and two inner loops is proposed to find the steady mechanics, including the sliding and adhesion zones, belt-pulley friction, and belt tension distribution. The outer loop iterates on the tight span tension similar to that used in published creep models. Two inner loops iterate on the tight span and driven pulley speeds respectively, necessitated by the speed differences between the tension-bearing member and the pulley at the entry points in the shear theory. Comparisons between the shear and creep models are conducted. Dramatic differences in belt-pulley mechanics between these two models are highlighted. Nevertheless, the key system performance measures such as the belt tight/slack span tensions, the maximum transmissible moment, and efficiency differ only modestly for the most normal operating conditions. Correspondingly, the adoption of the creep model for flat belts in industry is well justified because it is well developed and simple, although the shear model seems more relevant for modern belts with grid layers.

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27

Kong, Lingyuan, and Robert G. Parker. "Mechanics of Serpentine Belt Drives with Tensioner Assemblies and Belt Bending Stiffness." Journal of Mechanical Design 127, no. 5 (October 29, 2004): 957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1903002.

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Анотація:

Steady state analysis is conducted on a multipulley serpentine belt drive with a spring-loaded tensioner assembly. Classical creep theory is extended to incorporate belt bending stiffness as well as the belt stretching and centripetal accelerations. The belt is modeled as an axially moving Euler–Bernoulli beam with nonuniform speed due to belt extensibility and variation of belt tension. The geometry of the belt-pulley contact zones and the corresponding belt tension and friction distributions are the main factors affecting belt slip. Bending stiffness introduces nontrivial span deflections, reduces the wrap angles, and makes the belt-pulley contact points unknown a priori. The free span boundary value problems (BVP) with undetermined boundaries are transformed to a fixed boundary form. A two-loop iteration method, necessitated by the tensioner assembly, is developed to find the system steady state. The effects of system parameters on serpentine drive behavior are explored in the context of an actual automotive belt drive.

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28

Jung, Do Hyun, Sell Song, Pilsu Shin, and Sung In Bae. "Damage Evaluation of Automatic Belt Tensioner Using with FTP-75 Mode." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.133.

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Анотація:

Automatic belt tensioner for stabilization of Engine accessory belt system is made increase its life, decrease noise and vibration and increase its commercial value. Therefore, it is important finding test mode to assess life of automatic belt tensioner. However, measurement and analysis test result in practical test condition on real road needs requiring much test time and finance. In this study, there is analyzed and established test mode which is loaded measured equivalent damage in real working condition, compared test condition of pre-established test mode and FTP- 75 mode of fuel efficiency test and verified advantages and disadvantages of each mode. Because FTP-75 Mode is for measuring fuel efficiency related with engine, applying FTP-75 mode is estimated suitability for test of engine accessory. Comparison and assessment of damage is investigated structure and pulley part. Equivalent damage is calculated with Palmgren-Miner Rule and representative stress method, test condition of automatic belt tensioner is investigated. This investigation is regarded as being useful to life evaluation of both automatic belt tensioner and other engine accessory component.

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29

Kraver, T. C., G. W. Fan, and J. J. Shah. "Complex Modal Analysis of a Flat Belt Pulley System With Belt Damping and Coulomb-Damped Tensioner." Journal of Mechanical Design 118, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826885.

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The effects of damping on rotational vibratory solutions of a multiple pulley—flat viscoelastomeric belt system with rotary arm tensioner is developed. A complex model procedure is developed to solve both underdamped and overdamped cases. This complex modal procedure allows for future extension to include nonsymmetric rotational models, such as transverse belt vibration coupling. The modal solution enables rapid analysis over a spectrum of frequencies. Seven pulley system experimental results reported in the literature support the analytical development. Belt damping has significant vibration and belt tension amplitude effects. Tensioner spring rate and coulomb damping has minor effects.

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30

Urazakov, K. R., N. S. Shaizhanov, and Yu R. Kashbullin. "AUTOMATIC DRIVE BELT TENSIONER FOR THE PUMPJACK." Petroleum Engineering 16, no. 5 (December 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2018-5-37-43.

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31

Zeng, Xiang Kun, and Wen Bin Shangguan. "Experimental Investigation on Dynamic Characteristics of a FEAD System: Affected by Serpentine Belt Length." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.533.

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Serpentine belt is widely used in the front end accessory drive (FEAD) system of automotive engine. Experimental setup and dynamic behaviors of a FEAD system are demonstrated in this paper. Some dynamic characteristics are investigated, subjected to multifrequency excitations and different crankshaft (CRK) loads. Experimental results show that the parametric instability of belt transverse vibration occurs mainly in the frequency regions of secondary resonance, and the instability regions are shifted to lower frequencies according to the increasing of CRK speed. With the same CRK load and speed, the rotational angle of tensioner arm, the hubload of tensioner pulley and the slip rate of ALT pulley in the short-belt system are smaller than that in the long-belt system. But with the increase of CRK loads, the parametric instability of belt transverse vibration in the short-belt system is stronger than that in the long-belt system, the higher CRK speed, the greater belt transverse displacement.

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32

Jung, Do Hyun, Sung In Bae, and Joung Woo Phark. "A Study on Automatic Belt Tensioner Life Evaluation in Accessory Belt System." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 1797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.1797.

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Анотація:

It is well-known that the noise and vibration from the torque change of the engine and the inertia change of its accessories (alternator and water pump) have severe effects on both the quality and the life expectancy of the engine belt system. An automatic belt tensioner is generally used not only to reduce the noise and vibration of such belt system, but also to enhance the life cycle. In the present research, measurement of the user running conditions and the data analyses were performed to try to derive an evaluation method of life cycle of such an automatic belt tensioner system. As a part of results, a running condition for the evaluation was suggested from the study of conditions loaded on an automatic belt tensioner. This running condition was divided into two parts, the Structure part and the Pulley one, and suggested separately for the accelerated life-test of the system. As the other part of the results, an accelerated life-test condition was derived using Palmgen-Miner rule for structure part. And a modified accelerated life-test condition, which uses temperature as an acceleration factor, was suggested for pulley part.

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33

Oberhofer, Katja, Patrick D. Wettenschwiler, Navrag Singh, Stephen J. Ferguson, Simon Annaheim, Rene M. Rossi, and Silvio Lorenzetti. "The Influence of Backpack Weight and Hip Belt Tension on Movement and Loading in the Pelvis and Lower Limbs during Walking." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018 (June 6, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4671956.

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The introduction of hip belts to backpacks has caused a shift of loading from the spine to the hips with reported improvements in musculoskeletal comfort. Yet the effects of different hip belt tensions on gait biomechanics remain largely unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the influence of backpack weight and hip belt tension on gait biomechanics. Data from optical motion capture and ground reaction forces (GRF) during walking were acquired in nine healthy male subjects (age 28.0 ± 3.9 years). Six configurations of a commercial backpack were analyzed, that is, 15 kg, 20 kg, and 25 kg loading with 30 N and 120 N hip belt tension. Joint ranges of motion (ROM), peak GRF, and joint moments during gait were analyzed for significant differences by repeated measures of ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparison. Increased loading led to a significant reduction of knee flexion-extension ROM as well as pelvis rotational ROM. No statistically significant effect of hip belt tension magnitudes on gait dynamics was found at any backpack weight, yet there was a trend of increased pelvis ROM in the transverse plane with higher hip belt tension at 25 kg loading. Further research is needed to elucidate the optimum hip belt tension magnitudes for different loading weights to reduce the risks of injury especially with higher loading.

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34

Zhu, Hao, Yumei Hu, Weidong Zhu, and Haiqiang Long. "Dynamic responses of an engine front-end accessory belt drive system with pulley eccentricities via two spatial discretization methods." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 4 (May 9, 2017): 482–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017703231.

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In this study, a generic mathematical model for calculating the natural frequencies and the dynamic responses of a typical front-end accessory drive system with any number of pulleys and arbitrary configurations of the tensioner and pulleys is established. The belt bending stiffness and the pulley eccentricities are considered in this model, and their influences on the natural frequency and the dynamic responses of the front-end accessory drive system are examined. A generic spatial discretization method and a Galerkin discretization method, which uses Lagrange multipliers to enhance the boundary conditions, are presented to discretize the continuous belt spans and to transform the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The accuracies of the generic spatial discretization method and the Galerkin discretization method are validated by modal tests, and the advantages of the generic spatial discretization method with respect to the efficiency and the convenience of implementation are assessed by comparing the generic spatial discretization method with the Galerkin discretization method and the two-layer iteration approach. The dynamic responses of the typical front-end accessory drive system at different operational velocities are calculated from the governing ordinary differential equations derived from these two methods. It is shown that large vibration amplitudes occur in certain belt spans owing to the resonance conditions or the beat phenomena in certain operational conditions and that the belt bending stiffness has a negligible influence on the vibrations of the belt drive system because its value is small.

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35

Murčinková, Zuzana, Jozef Živčák, Jozef Zajac, and Pavel Adamčík. "Passive Multi-Layer Composite Damper of Flat Belt Tensioner Idler." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 3267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073267.

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In this study, the effect of multi-layer composite passive dampers on the dynamic properties of a mechanical system (a testing machine tool bench) was tested. Passive dampers are characterized by a layered structure, with each layer consisting of a specific structure of different materials, preferably foam polymers. The dynamic excitation is caused by a flat belt driving the rotor roller bearing by direct contact of the flat belt and bearing pin at a frequency of 1170–2170 Hz. The dynamic effects of the flat belt directly affect the complex dynamic effects inside rotor bearing, mainly torsional vibrations. A significant modification in the amplitude and frequency modulation and other evaluated dynamic parameters was obtained. By implementing passive dampers and modifying the mass and material damping, a decrease in amplitude at resonance of almost 30% was achieved.

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36

Gao, Lei, Teng Gang Xu, Jian Jun Zhu, and Peng Cheng Huo. "A New Fixture for Automobile Belt Tensioner Brace." Applied Mechanics and Materials 709 (December 2014): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.709.3.

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A type automobile belt tensioner brace parts need many times of the clamping in the process of machining, which will lead to the low accuracy ,low efficiency and high cost and so on. This paper based on the structural feature of the brace provided a special fixture for the brace and built a Petri nets model to describe the work process in detail by the analysis of the fixture‘s positioning ,the clamping process analysis and the clamping force analysis. Moreover , This fixture can clamp two belt tensioner brace at the same time during completing the three machining surface of workpiece without changing the fixture,which can clamp the workpiece more convenient with higher positioning accurate ,higher machinging accuracy and lower cost. This fixture has passed the practical proof , which provied a reference for designing a fixture to clamp a workpiece with more complex surface .

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37

Soroczyński, Artur, Piotr Czyżewski, and Krzysztof Rechowicz. "Defects analysis of seat belt tensioner cast body." Welding Technology Review 92, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26628/wtr.v92i2.1099.

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The article presents an analysis of the implementation of a selected element of the traveler safety system used in road transport. The results of metallographic tests were presented, and the state of stress introduced to the casting by means of forming the element by means of plastic forming was analyzed. An analysis of the manufacturing process was carried out indicating the risks that may lead to cracks in the material structure. Possible causes of founding defects were pointed out and possible technological solutions were pointed out in order to avoid them.

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38

Dubuc, Donatien, Olivier Sename, Delphine Bresch-Pietri, and Christophe Gauthier. "Observer-based fault diagnosis for trucks belt tensioner." IFAC-PapersOnLine 50, no. 1 (July 2017): 13848–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.2226.

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39

Cheng, G., and J. W. Zu. "Nonstick and Stick-Slip Motion of a Coulomb-Damped Belt Drive System Subjected to Multifrequency Excitations." Journal of Applied Mechanics 70, no. 6 (November 1, 2003): 871–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1629754.

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In this paper, the rotational vibration of a belt drive system with a dry friction tensioner subjected to multiple harmonic excitations is studied. The work is focused on the impact of the dry friction torque combined with the multiexcitation frequencies on dynamic characteristics of the system. An analytical solution procedure is developed for the first time to predict two kinds of periodic responses of the system, i.e., nonstop and one-stop motion characterized by the nonstick and stick-slip vibration of the tensioner arm in the system, respectively. Utilizing this method, parametric studies are carried out to obtain the frequency response of a prototypical belt drive system subjected to harmonic excitations from both the driving and driven pulleys. It is found that the tensioner Coulomb friction torque has a significant impact on the amplitude response of the system—it reduces the vibration amplitude of the tensioner arm, but for other components in the belt system it can either decrease or increase the amplitudes under different situations. Furthermore, if the excitation frequency from the driving pulley is larger than or equal to that from the driven pulley, the system vibration amplitudes are much larger than those under the opposite condition.

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40

Fenina, S., T. Fakhfakh, and M. Haddar. "Dynamic behaviour of V-belt drive system in the presence of sheaves’ lateral misalignment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes861.

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This paper presents the effects of lateral misalignment of sheaves, on the transverse span displacements of a serpentine belt drive system that contains a driving sheave, a driven sheave, a belt, and a dynamic tensioner. This defect gives rise to dangerous operating conditions for the system. A hybrid discrete—continuous model is adopted, in which the coupling between the discrete variables describing the rotational motion of the three sheaves and the tensioner arm and the continuous variables describing the transverse motion of the belt spans is taken into account. An analytical method based on the perturbation method is used to determine the explicit expressions of the transverse span displacements and permits the study of the effects of design variables on the dynamic behaviour of the system in the presence of the defect described earlier.

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41

Makita, Kenichi, Masanori Kagotani, Hiroyuki Ueda, and Tomio Koyama. "Transmission Error in Synchronous Belt Drives With Idler (Influence of Thickness Error of Belt Back Face Under No Load Conditions)." Journal of Mechanical Design 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1639379.

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Анотація:

Synchronous belt drives are commonly used in conjunction with an idler on the back face of the belt. However, thickness errors between the belt pitch line and back face of the belt, if present, will result in a change in belt tension on the span, and are considered to affect transmission error. In the present study, the transmission error in a synchronous belt drive with an idler under no load was investigated both theoretically and experimentally using a belt of known thickness error. The computed transmission error agrees well with the experimental data thereby verifying the applicability of the analysis method. In addition, a transmission error was mainly generated by the change in length of the belt pitch line due to the thickness error of the belt. It is shown that the transmission error due to the belt thickness error can be removed by using an automatic tensioner.

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42

Manin, Lionel, Guilhem Michon, Didier Remond, and Régis Dufour. "From transmission error measurement to pulley–belt slip determination in serpentine belt drives: Influence of tensioner and belt characteristics." Mechanism and Machine Theory 44, no. 4 (April 2009): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2008.04.003.

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43

Scurtu, Petru Razvan, Mike Clark, and Jean W. Zu. "Coupled longitudinal and transverse vibration of automotive belts under longitudinal excitations using analog equation method." Journal of Vibration and Control 18, no. 9 (September 30, 2011): 1336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546311418866.

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There are many studies on vibrations of moving belts originated from automotive belt drives. These studies, however, mainly consider the nonlinear effect of the transversal vibration of the belt under transversal excitation without considering the coupling effect between the transversal and longitudinal vibrations under longitudinal excitation. In this paper, a nonlinear model is built for a standing tensioned belt periodically excited longitudinally at one end with a known amplitude and frequency and with the other end clamped, which allows for coupling between the periodic longitudinal excitation and transversal vibration. The nonlinear system is solved using the Analog Equation Method. The two coupled nonlinear hyperbolic differential equations of the system are reduced to two uncoupled linear equations pertaining to the longitudinal and transverse deformation of a substitute beam with unit longitudinal and bending stiffness, respectively. The reduced equations are under a fictitious time-dependent load distribution with the same boundary and initial conditions. The fictitious forces are established numerically from the integral expression of the oscillation solution with the requirement that the equations of motion be satisfied at discreet time intervals. It is found that the transversal vibration appears as a stable and predictable beating phenomenon due to an internal resonance from the periodic energy transfer between the longitudinal excitation and the transversal vibration, which manifests itself as a standing wave.

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44

Li, Yi Min, Zhi Yong Hao, and Jin Li. "Analysis and Research of Dynamic Characteristics of Synchronous Belt of a Diesel Using Multi-Body Dynamics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.721.

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The dynamic tension of synchronous belt and pulleys forces are obtained by analyzing the dynamic characteristics of timing drive system of a diesel based on muti-body dynamics. The effects of crankshaft speed fluctuation and other excitations on the dynamics characteristics of synchronous belt are illustrated. After the analysis, it is found that crankshaft speed fluctuation has a great influence on the linear and transversal vibrations of synchronous belt. Comparing the simulation results of the original timing system and the one optimized, it is found that the modal frequency of synchronous belt depends on its span. Therefore it is important to control the span of belt and arrange the tensioner pulley properly for timing system design.

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45

Neward, R. P., and S. Boedo. "Analysis of Tensioner Induced Coupling in Serpentine Belt Drive Systems." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 1, no. 1 (April 14, 2008): 1009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-1371.

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46

Ianăşi, Aurora Cătălina, and Nicoleta Maria Mihuţ. "Mechanical and Geometrical Characterization of the Conveyors Belts from Mineral Resources Exploitation." Advanced Materials Research 837 (November 2013): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.99.

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Conveyor belt is one of the most common types of continuous handling equipment used for moving rocks of various sizes horizontally or inclined. From researches done in the exploitation of mineral resources and rocks and from the Strength of Materials calculations in this paper is observed above the conveyor sizing and other elements of the transporter requires knowing how belt traction forces (tensions thereof) varies on the conveyor length. In all cases the operation of the conveyor belt must be provided without engaging the slip phenomenon and limiting its displacement (between sets of rollers) so conveyor can operating at optimum parameters. The materials that make up a conveyor belt can be divided into two categories: materials for coating plates or outer shell and a resistance part, areas with inserts that can be textile and steel cables. Because the bands are subjected to tensile efforts and wear phenomena we determine the maximum strength they can operate without going into permanent deformation regime. Conveyor belt dimensioning calculations and other elements of a conveyor varies depending on its length and the carrier operating situations. We can see, also, that sizing conveyor belt and other conveyor components require knowledge of how belt traction forces (tensions thereof) varies along the length of the conveyor. The tensions from the conveyor belt will be study for the climb section and for the descend section. It mentions that the specific resistance to motion of the belt on full branch, consisting of resistances due: current material deformation, rotation rollers camps because pressing rubber layer and roll belt and belt bending. Since current material strength due to deformation and bending belt represents a large percentage of total specific resistance to motion, it follows that resistance decreases with decreasing displacement belt between rollers and increase with the effort in belt, respectively. This explains that resistance decreases with increasing length of conveyor (especially when its initial stretch is great), and with increasing conveyor tilt too. Also, we observe, from the values of forces calculated in the paper, that the resistance to rotation of the roller bearings decreases with increasing load on the roll, hence the values adopted for specific resistance to movement can be more larger on the empty branch than on the full. Knowing how to calculate resistances to motion of the belt, you can fix that occur belt efforts through the points made on the contour method, starting point of the drum motor development and ending point of winding it. These movement resistances calculated for empty and full branches are needed to precisely determine the installed power of the conveyor belt.

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47

Beikmann, R. S., N. C. Perkins, and A. G. Ulsoy. "Free Vibration of Serpentine Belt Drive Systems." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 118, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888197.

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Анотація:

The vibration of an automotive serpentine belt drive system greatly affects the perceived quality and the reliability of the system. Accessory drives with unfavorable vibration characteristics transmit excessive noise and vibration to other vehicle structures, to the vehicle occupants, and may also promote the fatigue and failure of system components. Moreover, these characteristics are a consequence of decisions made early on in the design and arrangement of the accessory drive system. The present paper focuses on fundamental modeling issues that are central to predicting accessory drive vibration. To this end, a prototypical drive is evaluated, which is composed of a driven pulley, a driving pulley, and a dynamic tensioner. The coupled equations of free response governing the discrete and continuous elements are presented herein. A closed-form solution method is used to evaluate the natural frequencies and modeshapes. Attention focuses on a key linear mechanism that couples tensioner arm rotation and transverse vibration of the adjacent belt spans. Modal tests on an experimental drive confirm the theoretical predictions.

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48

Wang, Hong Yun, Ji Yong Zhao, and Wen Bin Shangguan. "Dynamic Performance Measurement and Modeling for a Prototype Accessory Drive System with Three Pulleys and One Tensioner." Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (May 2013): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.200.

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Анотація:

Accessory drive systems with tensioner have been wildly used in the automotive industry to drive accessories. At first, an experimental investigation of dynamic performance for a prototype accessory drive system (including one driving pulley, one driven pulley and one tensioner) is conducted. The experimental set-up is introduced in detail. The driven pulley speeds, radial force of tensioner pulley hub, transverse placement of belt span and angular placement of tensioner arm are measured with driving pulley speeds. It is analyzed that the influence of the speeds and vibration amplitudes of driving pulley on the dynamic performance. At last, the modeling methods for accessory drive system produced in previous studying by author are validated by comparing with experimental data.

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49

Turnbull, P. F., N. C. Perkins, and W. W. Schultz. "Contact-Induced Nonlinearity in Oscillating Belts and Webs." Journal of Vibration and Control 1, no. 4 (October 1995): 459–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107754639500100404.

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This study is motivated by issues in belt dynamics and paper forming where the oscillatory motion of the contact point between the belt and pulley or the web and roll is important. The objective is to evaluate the influence of the nonlinear contact boundary conditions on the dynamics of the belt or web. To accomplish this objective, two models are analyzed using perturbation methods. The first model represents a string on an elastic foundation (an approximation of the paper forming process) and the second model represents a tensioned beam (accessory drive belt). The first correction to the fundamental natural frequency and the dynamic belt/web length are determined as a function of the governing parameters. For both models, the change in belt length is found to be proportional to the radius of the pulley/roll and the initial belt/web energy.

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50

Bao, Jihua, Yibo Feng, and Xiaolong Liu. "Research on Improvement of Synchronous Tensioning Device of Belt Conveyor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2396, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2396/1/012029.

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Abstract Under complex working conditions in the mines, the belt conveyor’s tensioning device is prone to uneven tension. Given this problem, the error of the shunt of synchronous motors is analyzed, and a synchronous tensioning device with double cylinders is designed by using a synchronous motor and a PID controller. Simulation analysis is carried out to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the optimization design. It can provide a corresponding reference for the design and use of the belt conveyor synchronous tensioner system.

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