Статті в журналах: "Belt Drive Systems"

1

SZCZYPIŃSKI-SALA, Wojciech, Krzysztof DOBAJ, and Adam KOT. "FRICTIONAL PROBLEMS IN CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION BELT DRIVES." Tribologia, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5923.

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The article describes the results of the research carried out on the evaluation of the influence of friction pairs (rubber belt – belt pulley in belt drive) on the ability to transmit power. In order to determine the characteristics of the belt drive operation, measurements were made on a real belt drive from the drive train of a light two-wheeled vehicle. The measurement was carried out in conditions of changes in the dynamic load. The measurements of the belt slip on the belt pulley within the whole range of the changes of gear ratios and angular speed of the engine were made. During the tests, belts made from various rubber mixtures were compared. The values of the friction coefficients between the surface of belts and the belt pulley were measured. Model analyses of the impact of belt slip on the wheel related to the temperature of Belt drive elements were also made. Generally, one can ascertain that, in belt drive systems, power losses are a combination of speed losses and torque losses. The increase in the efficiency of belt drives is possible by decreasing power losses. It is possible to obtain the high performance of continuously variable transmission belt drives with a V- belt solely with the proper choice of the design parameters, which is possible only after the exact recognition of the operational characteristics unique to this class of belt drive systems.

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2

Beikmann, R. S., N. C. Perkins, and A. G. Ulsoy. "Free Vibration of Serpentine Belt Drive Systems." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 118, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888197.

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The vibration of an automotive serpentine belt drive system greatly affects the perceived quality and the reliability of the system. Accessory drives with unfavorable vibration characteristics transmit excessive noise and vibration to other vehicle structures, to the vehicle occupants, and may also promote the fatigue and failure of system components. Moreover, these characteristics are a consequence of decisions made early on in the design and arrangement of the accessory drive system. The present paper focuses on fundamental modeling issues that are central to predicting accessory drive vibration. To this end, a prototypical drive is evaluated, which is composed of a driven pulley, a driving pulley, and a dynamic tensioner. The coupled equations of free response governing the discrete and continuous elements are presented herein. A closed-form solution method is used to evaluate the natural frequencies and modeshapes. Attention focuses on a key linear mechanism that couples tensioner arm rotation and transverse vibration of the adjacent belt spans. Modal tests on an experimental drive confirm the theoretical predictions.

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3

Ulsoy, A. G., J. E. Whitesell, and M. D. Hooven. "Design of Belt-Tensioner Systems for Dynamic Stability." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 107, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269258.

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Belt drive systems are an effective means for power transmission which offer the advantages of light weight, low cost, quietness, and efficiency. Recently in automotive applications there has been a trend to power several accessories with a single drive belt in order to reduce overall vehicle size and weight. Since these belts are typically longer than conventional belts, a tensioner component is added to maintain acceptable belt tension levels. In this paper we describe several potential instability mechanisms for belt-tensioner systems, and present a design methodology to ensure good dynamic performance of such systems. A mathematical model of the belt-tensioner system, and numerical solution methods, are utilized to develop a computer-aided design procedure. Numerical results, and confirming experimental data, are presented for a particular automotive belt-tensioner system.

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4

Leamy, Michael J., and Tamer M. Wasfy. "Transient and Steady-State Dynamic Finite Element Modeling of Belt-Drives." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 124, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1513793.

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In this study, a dynamic finite element model is developed for pulley belt-drive systems and is employed to determine the transient and steady-state response of a prototypical belt-drive. The belt is modeled using standard truss elements, while the pulleys are modeled using rotating circular constraints, for which the driver pulley’s angular velocity is prescribed. Frictional contact between the pulleys and the belt is modeled using a penalty formulation with frictional contact governed by a Coulomb-like tri-linear friction law. One-way clutch elements are modeled using a proportional torque law supporting torque transmission in a single direction. The dynamic response of the drive is then studied by incorporating the model into an explicit finite element code, which can maintain time-accuracy for large rotations and for long simulation times. The finite element solution is validated through comparison to an exact analytical solution of a steadily-rotating, two-pulley drive. Several response quantities are compared, including the normal and tangential (friction) force distributions between the pulleys and the belt, the driven pulley angular velocity, and the belt span tensions. Excellent agreement is found. Transient response results for a second belt-drive example involving a one-way clutch are used to demonstrate the utility and flexibility of the finite element solution approach.

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5

Feng, Xiao, Wen-Bin Shangguan, Jianxiang Deng, Xingjian Jing, and Waizuddin Ahmed. "Modelling of the rotational vibrations of the engine front-end accessory drive system: a generic method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 13 (January 23, 2017): 1780–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016685966.

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To investigate the rotation vibration dynamics of the pulleys and the tension arms, and to estimate the vibrations of the belts and the slip ratio between the belt and the pulleys in the engine front-end accessory drive systems, a systematic modelling and analytical method is proposed for engine front-end accessory drive systems; this can be used for modelling engine front-end accessory drive systems with different layouts and different numbers of tensioners, including automatic and fixed tensioners. In the modelling, the rotational pulleys are classified as fixed-axis pulleys and moveable-axis pulleys (such as the pulley in the tensioner). Moreover, the belt spans are classified as the belt spans between the two fixed pulleys, and the belt spans adjacent to the pulley of a tensioner. The equations of motion for each type of pulley and the tension calculation equations for each type of belt span are developed. In this way, the equations of motion for all the pulleys and the tensioner arms can be obtained easily, irrespective of the layout of the tensioners. To obtain the dynamic rotational vibration responses of an engine front-end accessory drive system by the conventional Runge–Kutta method, high-efficiency algorithms or methods are also proposed for calculating the tangent-point coordinates between a belt and the adjacent pulleys and the belt length of the contact arc on one pulley. The proposed modelling and analysis methods are validated by modelling different layouts of the engine front-end accessory drive systems with different types and numbers of tensioners, and also by comparisons between the calculated dynamic vibration responses of the pulleys and the belts and the real experimental data.

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6

Goncharov, K. A. "Conceptual solutions for control systems of differential tensioners for belt conveyors." Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 7, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9920-2021-07-04-316-327.

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Differential tensioning devices for belt conveyors in general and intermediate drives of extended conveyors in the form of closed traction loops are a new type of automatic tensioning devices that differ from other known designs by the presence of a stepwise discrete belt tension control system with separation of compensation functions for belt stretching under load and control of its tension during the operation of the conveyor in order to create optimal modes of belt loading. The article analyzes the well-known and practical concepts of belt conveyor control systems in general. The possibility of controlling the traction force realized by the intermediate belt drive by controlling the tension of the traction and load-carrying belts is shown. On the basis of the analysis, conceptual solutions for control systems for differential tensioning devices of belt conveyors are proposed with the possibility of both autonomous use and application in the structure of an integrated conveyor control system. Possible structures of linear parts of differential tensioning devices are presented, as well as options for the implementation of executive parts that directly move tensioning elements.

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7

Hwang, S. J., N. C. Perkins, A. G. Ulsoy, and R. J. Meckstroth. "Rotational Response and Slip Prediction of Serpentine Belt Drive Systems." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 116, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930400.

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A nonlinear model is developed which describes the rotational response of automotive serpentine belt drive systems. Serpentine drives utilize a single (long) belt to drive all engine accessories from the crankshaft. An equilibrium analysis leads to a closed-form procedure for determining steady-state tensions in each belt span. The equations of motion are linearized about the equilibrium state and rotational mode vibration characteristics are determined from the eigenvalue problem governing free response. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear equations of motion indicate that, under certain engine operating conditions, the dynamic tension fluctuations may be sufficient to cause the belt to slip on particular accessory pulleys. Experimental measurements of dynamic response are in good agreement with theoretical results and confirm theoretical predictions of system vibration, tension fluctuations, and slip.

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8

Bajda, Mirosław, and Monika Hardygóra. "Analysis of the Influence of the Type of Belt on the Energy Consumption of Transport Processes in a Belt Conveyor." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 6180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196180.

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Results of tests into the energy-efficiency of belt conveyor transportation systems indicate that the energy consumption of their drive mechanisms can be limited by lowering the main resistances in the conveyor. The main component of these resistances is represented by belt indentation rolling resistance. Limiting its value will allow a reduction in the amount of energy consumed by the drive mechanisms. This article presents a test rig which enables uncomplicated evaluations of such rolling resistances. It also presents the results of comparative tests performed for five steel-cord conveyor belts. The tests involved a standard belt, a refurbished belt and three energy-saving belts. As temperature significantly influences the values of belt indentation rolling resistance, the tests were performed in both positive and negative temperatures. The results indicate that when compared with the standard belt, the refurbished and the energy-efficient belts generate higher and lower indentation rolling resistances, respectively. In order to demonstrate practical advantages resulting from the use of energy-saving belts, this article also includes calculations of the power demand of a conveyor drive mechanism during one calendar year, as measured on a belt conveyor operated in a mine. The replacement of a standard belt with a refurbished belt generates a power demand higher by 4.8%, and with an energy-efficient belt—lower by 15.3%.

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9

Tonoli, Andrea, Nicola Amati, and Enrico Zenerino. "Dynamic Modeling of Belt Drive Systems: Effects of the Shear Deformations." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 128, no. 5 (February 3, 2006): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2202153.

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Multiribbed serpentine belt drive systems are widely adopted in accessory drive automotive applications due to the better performances relative to the flat or V-belt drives. Nevertheless, they can generate unwanted noise and vibration which may affect the correct functionality and the fatigue life of the belt and of the other components of the transmission. The aim of the paper is to analyze the effect of the shear deflection in the rubber layer between the pulley and the belt fibers on the rotational dynamic behavior of the transmission. To this end the Firbank’s model has been extended to cover the case of small amplitude vibrations about mean rotational speeds. The model evidences that the shear deflection can be accounted for by an elastic term reacting to the torsional oscillations in series with a viscous term that dominates at constant speed. In addition, the axial deformation of the belt spans are taken into account. The numerical model has been validated by the comparison with the experimental results obtained on an accessory drive transmission including two pulleys and an automatic tensioner. The results show that the first rotational modes of the system are dominated by the shear deflection of the belt.

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10

Beikmann, R. S., N. C. Perkins, and A. G. Ulsoy. "Nonlinear Coupled Vibration Response of Serpentine Belt Drive Systems." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 118, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888336.

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This theoretical and experimental study identifies a key nonlinear mechanism that promotes strongly coupled dynamics of serpentine belt drive systems. Attention is focused on a prototypical three-pulley system that contains the essential features of automotive serpentine drives having automatic (spring-loaded) tensioners. A theoretical model is presented that describes pulley and tensioner arm rotations, and longitudinal and transverse belt vibration response. A recent investigation demonstrates that infinitesimal belt stretching creates a linear mechanism that couples transverse belt vibration to tensioner arm rotation. Here, it is further demonstrated that finite belt stretching creates a nonlinear mechanism that may lead to strong coupling between pulley/tensioner arm rotation and transverse belt vibration, in the presence of an internal resonance. Theoretical and experimental results confirm the existence of this nonlinear coupling mechanism. In particular, it is shown that very large transverse belt vibrations can result from small resonant torque pulses applied to the crankshaft or accessory pulleys. These large amplitude transverse vibrations are particularly sensitive to seemingly small changes in the rotational mode characteristics.

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11

Gao, Peng, and Liyang Xie. "Reliability and Lifetime Distribution Analysis of Belt Drive Systems considering Time-Dependent Stiffness of Belts." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8691967.

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Time-dependent reliability models, failure rate models, and lifetime distribution models of belt drive systems are developed in this paper, which take geometric parameters, material parameters, and motion parameters as the input and consider the dynamic properties of the belt drive systems. Most of the reliability models of belt drive systems are static models. The proposed models can take into account the time-dependent statistical properties of dynamic stress process. Moreover, the stiffness degradation is considered in the established models, whose influences on reliability indices are analyzed in case study. The results show that stiffness degradation has significant impacts on reliability, failure rate, and lifetime distribution. In addition, sensitivity models of reliability with respect to input parameters are constructed, which can be used for the guidance of safe design of belt drive systems.

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12

Gao, Peng, and Liyang Xie. "Reliability models of belt drive systems under slipping failure mode." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 2017): 168781401668719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814016687195.

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Conventional reliability assessment and reliability-based optimal design of belt drive are based on the stress–strength interference model. However, the stress–strength interference model is essentially a static model, and the sensitivity analysis of belt drive reliability with respect to design parameters needs further investigations. In this article, time-dependent factors that contribute the dynamic characteristics of reliability are pointed out. Moreover, dynamic reliability models and failure rate models of belt drive systems under the failure mode of slipping are developed. Furthermore, dynamic sensitivity models of belt drive reliability based on the proposed dynamic reliability models are proposed. In addition, numerical examples are given to illustrate the proposed models and analyze the influences of design parameters on dynamic characteristics of reliability, failure rate, and sensitivity functions. The results show that the statistical properties of design parameters have different influences on reliability and failure rate of belt drive in cases of different values of design parameters and different operational durations.

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13

Beikmann, R. S., N. C. Perkins, and A. G. Ulsoy. "Design and Analysis of Automotive Serpentine Belt Drive Systems for Steady State Performance." Journal of Mechanical Design 119, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826231.

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Serpentine belt drive systems with spring-loaded tensioners are now widely used in automotive engine accessory drive design. The steady state tension in each belt span is a major factor affecting belt slip and vibration. These tensions are determined by the accessory loads, the accessory drive geometry, and the tensioner properties. This paper focuses on the design parameters that determine how effectively the tensioner maintains a constant tractive belt tension, despite belt stretch due to accessory loads and belt speed. A nonlinear model predicting the operating state of the belt/tensioner system is derived, and solved using (1) numerical, and (2) approximate, closed-form methods. Inspection of the closed-form solution reveals a single design parameter, referred to as the “tensioner constant,” that measures the effectiveness of the tensioner. Tension measurements on an experimental drive system confirm the theoretical predictions.

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14

Zhang, L., and J. W. Zu. "MODAL ANALYSIS OF SERPENTINE BELT DRIVE SYSTEMS." Journal of Sound and Vibration 222, no. 2 (April 1999): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1998.2078.

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15

Nuttall, Ashley J. G., and Gabriël Lodewijks. "Dynamics of Multiple Drive Belt Conveyor Systems." Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 24, no. 4-5 (November 2007): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200601118.

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16

Elżbieta, Gawrońska, Domek Grzegorz, Krawiec Piotr, and Kołodziej Andrzej. "Modeling the damages of belt gears." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1199, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1199/1/012017.

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Abstract This paper looks into the problem of choosing a driving belt for a drive. The previously developed selection of algorithms was subjected to another evaluation that helped us recognize the need for changes indicated in developing new designs of drive belts. The new algorithm will be tested by simulating the operating conditions of the transmission, to which the right belt must be selected. Damage assessment after operation and belt selection allows for the identification of a new coupling model. By presenting the relationship between specific failure cases and the parameters of the coupling model, we can see the functionality of the selection algorithm. There may be multiple belt transmission damages. The feed may be broken; the surface may be damaged; the same applies to the edges. Furthermore, the wheels and bearings may be damaged too. The belt can have many additional functions that affect its operating parameters. Next to the drive function, the belt often performs conveyor and control functions. Thus, additional types of damage occur in belts with additional functions. The number of causes of their occurrence is also growing. For example, any damage to the sling in the passenger elevator can endanger the life of the passengers. Intensive research is being carried out on the real-mode damage monitoring systems. Specific failures are being monitored, and appropriate systems are being designed for them. Therefore, it is important to investigate the damages to belt transmissions, modeling their course of progression and causes.

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17

Ganesh Sampath, V., Kadaverla Abhishek, and N. C. Lenin. "Design, Development and Electromagnetic Analysis of a Linear Induction Motor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 852 (September 2016): 794–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.852.794.

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Linear induction motors (LIMs) are a very effective drive mechanism for actuation and transportation systems. LIMs are capable of generating a non adhesive thrust force, providing both propulsion and levitation forces and is hence considered as a promising propulsion system [1]. LIMs are used in rapid transportation, baggage handling conveyors (belt conveyors), crane drives, theme park rides, induction pumps, impact extrusion machines, flexible manufacturing systems etc. This is attributed to various advantages LIMs have such as, high starting thrust, simple mechanical design and construction, alleviation of gears between motor and the motion device, no backlash, small friction and sustainability for low speed and high speed applications making LIM a strong candidate in applications with linear motion. Force can be uniformly applied to the conveyor belt over a wide area without any mechanical contact by using LIMs to drive conveyor belts, making the drive independent of frictional losses between the rollers and belt. This paper presents a design guide for a longitudinal flux single sided linear induction motor for conveyor application. The design parameters have been verified using two dimensional finite element analysis (2D-FEA). Test results imply the features of LIM that make it a strong candidate for simple conveyor applications.

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18

Samoylov, D. V., A. V. Drobotov, and S. S. Shemelyunas. "SYSTEM OF TENSION ALIGNMENT OF TWO CIRCUITS OF THE DRIVE BELT OF THE MOVEMENT OF THE 3D PRINTER CARRIAGE." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 3(250) (March 26, 2021): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2021-3-250-71-74.

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Existing drive belt tensioning systems in FDM 3D printers are considered. A comparative analysis of tensioning systems has been carried out, which has shown that the existing systems are characterized by the phenomenon of asymmetry of the action of forces during the stretching of the drive belt. A new design has been proposed and developed, which is a unit mounted in a 3D printer that equalizes the forces of tension of the drive belt and damping of vibrations in an FDM 3D printer.

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19

Öztürk, Cuneyt. "Audible Noise Produced by the Sporadic Changes of Tensile Forces in a Belt Driven System." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 14, no. 4 (December 1995): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239501400404.

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The tensile forces of a drive belt have static and dynamic components. Static forces are related to the steady power transmission, whilst the dynamic forces are dependent on the eccentricity of the pulleys, non-uniformity of the belt and pulley surfaces and the dynamic loading. This study describes a successful endeavour to analyze the effects of variation of tensile forces on the noise emission of the drive system. In belt driven systems, the static tensile forces are dependent on initial tensioning, mean value of power transmission and belt speed. Dynamic tensile forces, which cannot be limited by the elastic extension and contraction of the belt relative to rigid pulley surface, are also considered as one of the major causes of noise emission. Results show that the tensile forces can cause parametric excitation of the transverse flexural vibrations that are dominant at twice the fundamental frequency of the belt span. The variations of static tensile forces and sporadic changes, whose fluctuations cause side peaks of the fundamental frequencies, can be considered in an analytical model by neglecting the inertia of the pulley and bending stiffness of the belt. Tensile forces can lead to further vibration and noise problems in belt driven systems by causing increase of torsional and rectilinear vibrations and amplification of noise emissions.

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20

Domek, Grzegorz, Piotr Krawiec, and Michał Wilczyński. "Timing belt in power transmission and conveying system." MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815704001.

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This paper presents the problem of phenomena occurring at the contact of a timing belt and a pulley. Depending on a belt size range these phenomena differ significantly. There is no indication as to what solutions are optimal for drive belts. The analysis of the coupling process and performance tests have shown that the drive belt should have a cord of very good mechanical properties and its raceway side should be made from the material of a low friction coefficient against the pulley material. A flat belt in power transmission and conveying systems cooperates with several elements consisting of timing pulleys, tensioners or guiding rails. In gear with timing belts they depend strongly on characteristics of the process as well as the type of friction. In recent constructions, producers of timing belts are very much concerned about achieving as much slippery surface as possible. The work describes the problem of friction on different surfaces as well as its influence on gear lifetime. Research results confirm that on many surfaces bigger coefficient of friction is expected.

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21

Lou, Guo Huan, Hai Li Yin, and Shu Jie Li. "Application of Frequency Converter Driver in Long Belt Conveyor." Advanced Materials Research 340 (September 2011): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.340.19.

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With the frequency converter for driving belt conveyor, the synchronous control of torque and speed for the belt-drive unit can be achieved and the start-up characteristics of belt conveyor can also be improved. This paper uses two methods for achieving synchronous drive of belt conveyor, one is synchronization through master-slave control of frequency converter itself, the second is adding external algorithm implemented by PLC systems. This article describes a variable-frequency adjustable-speed drive system used for long distance belt conveyor in mine main inclined shaft or ground. This frequency conversion device and system can be applied to the adjustable-speed drive process of constant torque load for conveyor.

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22

Gagg, James. "A Friction Comparison between Chain and Belt-Drive Systems." SAE International Journal of Engines 5, no. 2 (April 16, 2012): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0427.

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23

HOU, Zhichao. "Frequency Sensitivity Analysis of Multi-ribbed Belt Drive Systems." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 45, no. 11 (2009): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2009.11.235.

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24

Li, Xiao-jun, and Li-qun Chen. "Modal analysis of coupled vibration of belt drive systems." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 29, no. 1 (January 2008): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10483-008-0102-x.

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25

Kong, Lingyuan, and Robert G. Parker. "Steady Mechanics of Belt-Pulley Systems." Journal of Applied Mechanics 72, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1827251.

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Steady state analysis of a two-pulley belt drive is conducted where the belt is modeled as a moving Euler-Bernoulli beam with bending stiffness. Other factors in the classical creep theory, such as elastic extension and Coulomb friction with the pulley, are retained, and belt inertia is included. Inclusion of the bending stiffness leads to nonuniform distribution of the tension and speed in the belt spans and alters the belt departure points from the pulley. Solutions for these quantities are obtained by a numerical iteration method that generalizes to n-pulley systems. The governing boundary value problem (BVP), which has undetermined boundaries due to the unknown belt-pulley contact points, is first converted to a standard fixed boundary form. This form is readily solvable by general purpose BVP solvers. Bending stiffness reduces the wrap angles, improves the power efficiency, increases the span tensions, and reduces the maximum transmissible moment.

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26

Pozhbelko, V. I. "A Unified Theory of Structure, Synthesis and Analysis of Multibody Mechanical Systems with Geometrical, Flexible and Dynamic Connections. Part 1. Basic Structural Equations and Universal Structure Tables." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 09 (726) (September 2020): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-9-24-43.

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Multibody mechanical systems (mechanisms and machine drives) are widely used in different fields of modern engineering due to their reliability and simple design. They can be found in robots, manipulators, technological and construction equipment, automatic lines, etc. This paper presents a unified theory of structure, synthesis and analysis of mechanisms and machines with geometrical (single and multiple kinematic pairs), flexible contact (friction or belt) and dynamic contactless (inertial, gravitational, etc.) connections. The theory can be used to construct planar and spatial single- and multi-loop kinematic chains of machines with a given number of closed loops and driving motors. Areas of possible existence of multibody mechanical systems with open, closed and mixed kinematic chain are determined. Based on these findings, various planar and spatial gear and linkage patentable mechanisms are developed that can be used in vibrational drives, variable structure systems requiring precise stoppage during the cycle, lever actuators of multi-axle locomotives, spatial mixers with several mixing tanks, tribometers for measuring the limiting pulling capacity of flexible belts of belt-and-pulley drives, and direct-drive devices for horizontal motion of a suspended load with a low set velocity.

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27

Mockensturm, Eric M., and Raghavan Balaji. "Piece-Wise Linear Dynamic Systems With One-Way Clutches." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 127, no. 5 (December 6, 2004): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1897737.

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One-way clutches and clutch bearings are being used in a wide variety of dynamic systems. Motivated by their recent use as ratchets in piezoelectric actuators and decoupling devices in serpentine belt drives, a method of analysis of systems containing one-way clutches is presented. Two simple systems are analyzed. The goal of the first is the power transmission which would be of concern in an actuator. The goal of the second is decoupling large inertia elements to reduce loads in an oscillating system, the objective of the clutch in a serpentine belt drive. Results show how system parameters can be tuned to meet the desired performance of these piece-wise linear systems.

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28

Sheng, Gang, Lance D. Miller, Les Brown, Jerzy Otremba, Jian Pang, Mohamad S. Qatu, and Rao V. Dukkipati. "Wet belt friction-induced dynamic instability and noise in Automotive Accessory Belt Drive Systems." International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration 2, no. 3 (2006): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvnv.2006.011969.

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29

Shangguan, Wen-Bin, Xiao Feng, Haoting Lin, and Jiawei Yang. "A calculation method for natural frequencies and transverse vibration of a belt span in accessory drive systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 10 (January 9, 2013): 2268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212474152.

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A method for modeling and calculation of natural frequencies of a belt span and transverse vibration displacement of a point in the belt span for an accessory drive system is presented in this article. In the model, the belt between two adjacent pulleys is simplified as an axial moving visco-elastic string, and the relation between stress and strain for the belt is modeled with standard visco-elastic constitutive model. The calculated natural frequencies from the axial moving string model are compared with estimated results from the pulley–string belt coupled model. It is shown that the natural frequencies can be obtained directly from axial moving string model. An experiment is carried out for getting the natural frequencies of a belt span and the transverse displacement of a point in a belt span in a generic engine front end accessory drive system. The measured natural frequencies and transverse displacements are compared well with calculated results, which validate the modeling and calculation methods presented in this article. Based on the axial moving visco-elastic string model, the influences of elastic stiffness and damping of a belt on the transverse deflections of a point in one belt span are investigated. It is shown that the transverse deflections of the belt decrease with the increasing of the elastic stiffness and damping of belt.

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30

Feng, Xiao, Wen-Bin Shangguan, Jianxiang Deng, and Xingjian Jing. "Modeling and dynamic analysis of accessory drive systems with integrated starter generator for micro-hybrid vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 5 (April 15, 2018): 1162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018764159.

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Belt-driven integrated starter generator system is a hybrid transmission that resembles the conventional serpentine belt-driven system. The system contains an integrated starter generator that performs a “start-stop” function on the engine. A two-pulley tensioner mechanism is attached to the integrated starter generator to maintain belt tension. The objectives of this paper are to develop modeling and calculation methods for estimating the performances of the belt-driven integrated starter generator system and to investigate the influence of damping of the two-pulley tensioner on vibration and shock. A systematic modeling and analysis method is proposed. The modeling method for the two-pulley tensioner is distinguished from any existing studies, which are generic for modeling the tensioner in belt-driven integrated starter generator systems with different layouts. A typical belt-driven integrated starter generator system is presented and a model is established to predict the dynamic response of rotational vibrations of pulleys, tensioner motions, and tension fluctuations. A parametric analysis is conducted to evaluate the two-pulley tensioner parameters with respect to their impact on the performances of the belt-driven integrated starter generator system.

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31

Kulinowski, Piotr, Piotr Kasza, and Jacek Zarzycki. "The Analysis of Effectiveness of Conveyor Belt Tensioning Systems." New Trends in Production Engineering 3, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2020-0023.

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AbstractThe publication presents the evaluation of the effectiveness of belt tensioning systems based on the results of model laboratory tests. The types of tensioning devices most commonly used in industry were selected for testing: winch, gravity, pneumatic and follower. The evaluation of the efficiency of belt tensioning devices is complex, as the tensioning system is not autonomous and is only part of the belt conveyor equipment. Therefore, the publication presents the impact of belt tension force on the durability of basic conveyor components such as the belt and its joints, and drums. The characteristics of the tested belt tensioning devices are presented and the construction and research capabilities of the laboratory model of the belt conveyor are described. Measuring systems mounted on the conveyor are described in detail, enabling recording of variable conveyor operating conditions, measuring belt speed, driving force and belt stress. The results of the research are the experimental static characteristics of the most commonly used tensioning devices, which show the relationship between the drive moment and the belt tensioning force. Obtained characteristics will allow the development of guidelines for the design and selection of the most effective belt tensioning devices.

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32

Bobojanov, Maxsud Kalandarovich, Oripovich Eshmurodov Ziyodulla, Muhriddin Tulkin ugli Ismoilov, Eldor Izam ugli Arziev, and Gulnoza Ziyodullaevna Togaeva. "Study of the efficiency of conveyors of mining transport systems of mining complexes." E3S Web of Conferences 177 (2020): 03023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017703023.

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The current stage of development of open-pit mining is characterized by mining operations at great depths. Increasing the depth of quarries leads to an increase in the volume and distance of transportation of overburden and ore. Therefore, the task of building energy-efficient transport systems, improving the efficiency of existing belt conveyors of mining transport systems is one of the most urgent tasks. The article examines the efficiency of belt conveyors in mining transport systems mining complexes . Various electric drive systems that can be used on conveyors are compared. We have studied the relative inclination that affects the efficiency of conveyors, as well as parameters related to energy consumption, such as the speed of the belt or the width of the belt, as well as design methods. Various methods of controlling adjustable and non-adjustable electric drives and drag distribution effects drag distribution depending on the flow, the dependence of the belt tilt speed range on the flow, the dependence of power on the flow and the influence of gravity, the energy consumption of the conveyor system is calculated for different traction forces.

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33

Dooley, Mason, and Xiangrong Shen. "A Novel Self-Actuated Linear Drive for Long-Range-of-Motion Electromechanical Systems." Actuators 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11090250.

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Obtaining powered linear movement over a long range of motion is a common yet challenging task, as the majority of linear actuators have limited ranges of motion as determined by their functioning mechanisms. In this paper, the authors present a novel belt-based self-actuated linear drive (B-SALD), in which a self-powered moving platform slides on a slotted track with essentially unlimited range of motion (only limited by the length of the track). Unlike the traditional rack-and-pinion mechanism, the B-SALD system uses a double-sided timing belt as the power-transmitting element. With the teeth on its inner surface, the belt interacts with a timing pulley for its own circulation; with the teeth on its outer surface, the belt interacts with a linear rail with parallel slots and drives the translation of the moving platform. The unique functioning mechanism generates multiple distinct advantages: no lubrication is required; the slotted track is simple and inexpensive to manufacture; and it provides an inherent compliance to buffer shock loading. With the experiments conducted on a preliminary prototype, it has been demonstrated that the B-SALD is able to provide accurate positioning and continuous motion control, an overall mechanical efficiency of 70% over the majority of the load range, and the capability of generating large force output in the desired manner.

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34

Kasza, Piotr, Piotr Kulinowski, and Jacek Zarzycki. "The Influence of an Operating Conditions on the Friction Coefficient in Transportation Machines Drives." New Trends in Production Engineering 3, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2020-0024.

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AbstractThe publication presents the construction of the station for testing the friction coefficient under high pressure and low slip velocity values. These conditions of cooperation of friction pairs occur in the drives of transport machines such as belt conveyors and suspended monorails. The value of the friction coefficient, depending on the operating conditions such as moisture and rock or coal dust pollution, has a significant impact on the correct and efficient operation of such drives. The features of the station allow mapping the operating conditions on a laboratory scale. As part of the research, appropriate friction samples made of rubber or polyurethane were prepared. Referring to the conditions of conveyor operation and conditions of contact of the conveyor belt with the drive drum, the values of unit pressures and values of slip speed occurring in the drum drive of the belt conveyor were determined. A series of laboratory tests were carried out for the friction pair rubber drum lining – conveyor belt cover. The tests were carried out for four different states of friction vapor surfaces, namely for dry and wet samples, as well as for samples in clean or contaminated with stone dust. As a result of the tests, the values of friction coefficients for various surface states were determined, which will be valuable information for designers of friction drive systems of transport devices.

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35

Rubin, M. B. "An Exact Solution for Steady Motion of an Extensible Belt in Multipulley Belt Drive Systems." Journal of Mechanical Design 122, no. 3 (May 1, 2000): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1288404.

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The creep theory of multipulley belt drive systems is reexamined and the belt is modeled as an elastic extensible string. An exact solution of the nonlinear steady state equations of a string is obtained which includes, elastic extension, Coulomb friction, radial and tangential accelerations, and the power loss due to friction between the belt and the pulleys. Most importantly, the present solution uses the correct compatibility condition that ensures that the same belt is considered for all applied moments and speeds. An example of a two pulley system is considered which shows that existing approximations of the compatibility condition cause previous solutions for full slip to: underpredict the maximum transmitted moment; over predict the efficiency η; and underpredict both the low and high values of the tension. [S1050-0472(00)01503-8]

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36

Neward, R. P., and S. Boedo. "Analysis of Tensioner Induced Coupling in Serpentine Belt Drive Systems." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 1, no. 1 (April 14, 2008): 1009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-1371.

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37

LEE, Hung, Naoyuki TAKESUE, Junji FURUSHO, and Hideaki TANAKA. "Study on Stiffness of Timing Belt for Servo Drive Systems." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 69, no. 681 (2003): 1350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.69.1350.

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38

Wang, Hong Yun, Ji Yong Zhao, and Wen Bin Shangguan. "Dynamic Performance Measurement and Modeling for a Prototype Accessory Drive System with Three Pulleys and One Tensioner." Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (May 2013): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.200.

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Accessory drive systems with tensioner have been wildly used in the automotive industry to drive accessories. At first, an experimental investigation of dynamic performance for a prototype accessory drive system (including one driving pulley, one driven pulley and one tensioner) is conducted. The experimental set-up is introduced in detail. The driven pulley speeds, radial force of tensioner pulley hub, transverse placement of belt span and angular placement of tensioner arm are measured with driving pulley speeds. It is analyzed that the influence of the speeds and vibration amplitudes of driving pulley on the dynamic performance. At last, the modeling methods for accessory drive system produced in previous studying by author are validated by comparing with experimental data.

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39

Zhang, Lixin, Jean W. Zu, and Zhichao Hou. "Complex Modal Analysis of Non-Self-Adjoint Hybrid Serpentine Belt Drive Systems." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 123, no. 2 (November 1, 2000): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1356697.

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A linear damped hybrid (continuous/discrete components) model is developed in this paper to characterize the dynamic behavior of serpentine belt drive systems. Both internal material damping and external tensioner arm damping are considered. The complex modal analysis method is developed to perform dynamic analysis of linear non-self-adjoint hybrid serpentine belt-drive systems. The adjoint eigenfunctions are acquired in terms of the mode shapes of an auxiliary hybrid system. The closed-form characteristic equation of eigenvalues and the exact closed-form solution for dynamic response of the non-self-adjoint hybrid model are obtained. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the method of analysis. It is shown that there exists an optimum damping value for each vibration mode at which vibration decays the fastest.

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40

Yoshida, Koji, and Wisama Khalil. "A New Model for Dynamic Behaviour of Timing Belt Drive Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, no. 26 (September 2000): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)39216-9.

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41

Ding, Hu, Zhen Zhang, and Li-Qun Chen. "Vibration reduction effect of one-way clutch on belt-drive systems." European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids 71 (September 2018): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2018.04.004.

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42

ZHANG, L., and J. W. ZU. "ONE-TO-ONE AUTO-PARAMETRIC RESONANCE IN SERPENTINE BELT DRIVE SYSTEMS." Journal of Sound and Vibration 232, no. 4 (May 2000): 783–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1999.2764.

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43

di Napoli, M., M. Strähle, S. Ruzimov, L. D. Suarez Cabrera, N. Amati, and A. Tonoli. "Intelligent Belt Drive Systems in Hybrid Powertrains: a Multipurpose Test Rig." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 21 (2016): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.509.

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44

Sheng, Gang, Keming Liu, Les Brown, Jerzy Otremba, Jian Pang, Mohamad S. Qatu, and Rao V. Dukkipati. "A new mechanism of belt slip dynamic instability and noise in automotive accessory belt drive systems." International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration 2, no. 4 (2006): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvnv.2006.012781.

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45

Wałęsa, Krzysztof, Ireneusz Malujda, Krzysztof Talaśka, and Dominik Wilczyński. "Process Analysis of the Hot Plate Welding of Drive Belts." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2020-0012.

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AbstractMost industrial machines use belt transmission for power transfer. These mechanisms often use the round belts of several millimetres in diameter that are made of thermoplastic elastomers, especially polyurethane. Their production process calls for bonding the material, which is often performed by hot plate butt welding. In order to achieve proper design of an automatic welding machine, the authors analysed the hot plate welding process of round belts. This process consists of five phases. It is necessary to recognize all the physical phenomena that occur during welding, especially those connected with thermomechanical properties of material. This knowledge is necessary to determine the temperature distribution during each step of the process. The paper presents a standard welding cycle together with an explanation of the physical phenomena in each phase. An analysis of these fundamentals will be used to derivate the function of temperature distribution during all process phases. In addition, some assumptions for calculation of temperature distribution and some fundamental physic correlations were presented.

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46

Chukarina, Natalya, Viktoriia Vasilyeva, Valery Kirpichnikov, and Natalia Tourkina. "THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE NOISE EMISSION OF THE FLEXIBLE CONNECTION OF THE ABRASIVE BELT-GRINDING WOODWORKING MACHINES." VOLUME 39, VOLUME 39 (2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika202139157.

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This paper presents the results of theoretical studies of the drive belting and grinding belts` acoustic characteristics as elements of flexible connections, that fundamentally distinguishes them from bobbin sanding and cylinder-grinding woodworking machines. It also has the significant differences in comparison with other sources in terms of stiffness and tension forces. The choice of the noise source models is justified by the characteristic features of the kinematics of the machine tools and the grinding technological process. The arrangement of the machines` acoustic system of chosen group suggests that the main sources of energy radiation are: grinding belts and belt drives of the work pieces and grinding units, ground work pieces, electric motors. It is compared the expected noise levels with sanitary standards for determining the excess and the sources that generate them. These data are the main information for the acoustic calculation and design of the noise reduction systems of the above sources at the design stage in such woodworking equipment, and it also determines the acoustic efficiency of the noise protection systems and consider to design these systems in accordance with the implementation of the sanitary noise standards at the machine operator workplaces.

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47

Sheng, Gang, Les Brown, Keming Liu, Jerzy Otremba, Jian Pang, Mohamad S. Qatu, and Rao V. Dukkipati. "Chirp, squeal and dynamic instability of misaligned V-ribbed belts in automotive accessory belt drive systems." International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration 3, no. 1 (2007): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvnv.2007.014399.

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48

Nizhegorodov, A. I. "TRACTION FORCES CREATED BY FLEXIBLE ELEMENTS AND HOISTING-AND-TRASPORT, CONSTRUCTION, ROAD VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT SYSTEMS BY MEANS OF FRICTION. LECTURE 4." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 285 (December 2020): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.12.pp.043-049.

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The article consistently sets forth the material of the fourth lecture on the course “Theory of hoisting-and-transport, construction, road vehicles and equipment”, which included the following questions: transfer of traction efforts by flexible elements using the example of a thin inextensible thread, derivation of the Euler formula, flexible links and hoisting-and-transport, construction, road vehicle and equipment (HTCRVE) systems; the operation and calculation of the belt brake; the node attaching the rope to the drum and its calculation; the resistance in the cable system of the movement mechanism of the of the tower crane; the determination of the resistances in the cargo truck cable system of the movement mechanism; the transmission of traction by friction in the belt conveyors; the calculation of the drive station drive power of the belt conveyor while transmitting traction by friction.

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49

Boslovyak, P. V., and E. N. Tolkachev. "Metal Construction Optimization of Drive Suspension of Special Belt Conveyor." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 25 (2019): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.12.472.

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50

Liu, Xingchen, and Kamran Behdinan. "Analytical-Numerical Model for Temperature Prediction of a Serpentine Belt Drive System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 2709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082709.

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The serpentine belt drive system is used in the auto industry. To avoid thermal destruction inside the belt drive and improve the thermal fatigue life of pulley materials under a variety of operating conditions, the temperature information for each load case must be determined within only a few seconds. To this end, this paper proposes an advanced thermal model to calculate the temperature distribution of a serpentine belt drive at static state operating conditions in an efficient manner. In this model, using analytical and numerical methods, a set of equations is developed according to the thermal flows and heat exchanges occurring in the system. After calculating the thermal flows of each pulley and the belt temperature, the baseline numerical simulations are modified to output the temperature distribution for each pulley. In this manner, the time-consuming numerical calculations for each pulley are performed only once and then analytically modified to provide the temperature predictions for various designed load cases, which dramatically reduces the computational time while maintaining the accuracy. Furthermore, experiments were performed to obtain the temperature data, and the results exhibited a good agreement with the corresponding calculated results. The proposed model can thus be effectively utilized for several types of belt systems and the material development of pulleys.

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