Дисертації: "Behaviour and Conservation"

1

Keane, Aidan. "Understanding rule-breaking behaviour in conservation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520865.

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2

Carr, S. "Conservation on farms : conflicting attitudes, social pressures and behaviour." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57040/.

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In the late 1970s and early 1980s, conservationists' concern about the loss of wildlife habitat on farmland escalated into open conflict with farmers, the conflict being heightened by controversy surrounding the passing of the Wildlife and Countryside Act in 1981. An improved understanding of the attitudes of farmers and conservationists would help ensure the most appropriate measures are adopted to resolve or avoid such conflict. This research therefore compared the attitudes of farmers and conservationists in Bedfordshire in two pairs of surveys. In the first, free-ranging interviews were used to establish the range of opinions on farming and conservation held by the two groups. In the second, Fishbein and Ajzen's theory of reasoned action was used as the framework for a more detailed comparison of the differences in attitudes between the two communities. The correlation of attitudes and social pressures with farmers' behaviour was also explored for three conservation-related activities about which there was conflict: hedge management, pesticide use and straw disposal. The first survey revealed a complex matrix of shared, complementary and conflicting beliefs and values between and within the two communities. Examples of conflicting values included those concerning land ownership and freedom of individual action versus stewardship, and pride in an efficient, productive and tidy farm versus a wilder countryside. The second survey showed that while farmers agreed with conservationists about the advantages of conservation expressed in general terms, once decisions about specific farm practices were involved, attitudes to conservation and wildlife were far outweighed by attitudes to farming and business considerations. Social pressures on farmers from conservationists were minimal; the strongest social pressures came from within the farming community itself and these generally served to perpetuate the dominant farming values. Although the theory of reasoned action provided a valuable means of exploring the role of attitudes, social pressures and behaviour in the conflict, some limitations in the use of the model in these complex circumstances were found. In particular it did not allow a distinction to be made between self-interested and deeply held values; the recommended method of constructing and scoring a behaviourial index was inappropriate where value judgements were involved; and respondents experienced difficulty in distinguishing between beliefs and values when evaluative opinion statements were used. Some suggestions for overcoming these limitations are made.

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3

Lake, Sophie. "The role of livestock grazing in the conservation of lowland heath." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249640.

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4

Graham, Rachel T. "Behaviour and conservation of whale sharks on the Belize Barrier Reef." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2534/.

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5

Stephens, Philip Andrew. "Behaviour based models population dynamics and the conservation of social mammals." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251708.

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6

Huyser, Onno Adrian Wallace. "Diet and foraging behaviour of Macaroni and Chinstrap penguins at Bouvetøya, South Atlantic Ocean." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4751.

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7

Nath, Latika. "Conservation management of the tiger, Panthera tigris tigris, in Bandhavgarh National Park, India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365364.

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8

Neri-Arboleda, Irene. "Ecology and behaviour of Tarsius syrichta in Bohol, Philipppines : implications for conservation." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AS/09asn445.pdf.

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9

Lea, James Simon Eaton. "Migratory behaviour and spatial dynamics of large sharks and their conservation implications." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/8334.

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Determining the dynamic nature of animal movement has been an important component in a wider understanding of animal population ecology. Generally, this is because temporal change in the density of a population at a specific geographic location is not only a function of births and deaths but also of movements, including migration. The increased availability of remote telemetry and biologging systems in recent years has enabled many studies tracking marine predators, such as turtles, seabirds and marine mammals, but a general understanding of spatial dynamics in large sharks remains less well developed. This is in part due to few studies having achieved sufficiently long-term, multi-year tracks to detect changes in movement behaviour over time. Determining the timing, repeatability and potential motivations for movements of large sharks is necessary to understand the ecological and evolutionary role of such behaviour more generally in marine predators. Furthermore, given global concerns of declining shark populations, a detailed appreciation of shark movements can reveal the extent 6 of overlap with area-focused human activities (e.g. fishing), as well as inform assessments of population trends and spatial management options. In order to demonstrate how shark migratory behaviour and spatial dynamics can vary dramatically depending on the species and location, with subsequent contrasting conservation implications, the present work used longterm, remote telemetry to reveal detailed patterns in shark movement behaviour at two very different geographical scales: broad-scale movements of larger species that encompass ocean basins, versus fine-scale movements of reef-associated species at a remote atoll. First, using satellite telemetry, it was revealed for the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier, that adult males undertake annually repeated, roundtrip migrations of over 7,500 km in the northwest Atlantic. Second, acoustic telemetry was used to determine the fine-scale spatial dynamics of a multispecies shark assemblage at a small, remote atoll in the Seychelles, Indian Ocean, where a number of species displayed perennial residency. While the fine-scale movements of reef sharks in the Seychelles suggest an MPA of moderate size may be an effective management option, the long-distance migrations of the tiger sharks in the Atlantic reveal that conservation efforts targeting them must account for dynamic fisheries interactions over large geographical scales, potentially requiring time-area closures to be effective. Examining the long-term movement behaviour of different shark species over contrasting geographical scales has emphasised the importance of understanding spatial dynamics when informing management decisions, and has contributed to a wider understanding of the population ecology of these species.

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10

Wallace, Andrea Pauline Coombs. "Understanding fishers' spatial behaviour to estimate social costs in local conservation planning." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10973.

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Artisanal fisheries are a key source of food and income for millions of people worldwide. However, unmanaged or excessive fishing activity can lead to declining returns for fishing effort and livelihood insecurity, and adversely impact wetland ecosystems. Management interventions such as protected areas and temporal closures may improve fishery sustainability and reduce environmental degradation, but often carry costs for fishers. Understanding predictors of fishing behaviour would allow conservation planning to minimise the adverse impacts of interventions, increasing the likelihood of fisher support of change. However, factors influencing fishers’ behaviour are rarely identified or taken into account when implementing conservation actions. Madagascar’s Lake Alaotra wetland supports the nation’s largest and most productive artisanal freshwater fishery, and provides critical habitat for endemic wildlife. Local fishers depend on the fishery for livelihood throughout the year. Catch-monitoring interviews, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and follows were conducted over 16 months with 784 fishers at Lake Alaotra to understand the socioeconomic dynamics of the fishery. Although information from the fishers was sometimes imprecise, participatory monitoring methods engaged fishers and improved understanding of system dynamics. Linear mixed models confirmed that proposed restricted areas and temporal closures would generate direct short-term costs through reduced catch sizes, which vary between gear types. Socioeconomic data, spatial distribution of fishing effort, and fishers’ evaluations of management scenarios were used to explore alternative strategies. The conservation planning tool Marxan was used to identify reserve networks capable of achieving conservation goals while minimising adverse impacts for fishers. The research demonstrates that: interventions can have unequal impacts on local people: information about costs and benefits of interventions can produce more realistic and implementable conservation plans: and actively engaging fishers and understanding their spatial behaviour at relevant scales is critical for managing fisheries sustainability and promoting effective long-term conservation of freshwater ecosystems.

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11

Clayton, Lynn Marion. "Conservation biology of the babirusa, Babyrousa babyrussa, in Sulawesi, Indonesia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320183.

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12

Håkansson, Jennie. "Behavioural aspects of conservation breeding : Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) as a case study." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Zoologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10035.

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Ett stort antal utrotningshotade djurarter ingår idag i bevarandeprogram världen över. Små populationer hålls då i skyddade miljöer, exempelvis i djurparker, och i många fall är målet att återintroducera djur till naturen. Dessvärre är det vanligt att det uppstår problem när djur återintroduceras vilket kan bero på beteendemässiga anpassningar som uppkommit under tiden i fångenskap. Syftet med den här studien var därför att undersöka beteendemässiga aspekter på bevarandeavel och försöka ta reda på om och hur djur påverkas beteendemässigt av att hållas i skyddade fångenskapsmiljöer. I projektet användes röda djungelhöns (Gallus gallus) som en fallstudie. En granskning av beteendevariation mellan olika populationer av röda djungelhöns i fångenskap konstaterade skillnader i antipredatorbeteende, socialt beteende och födosöksbeteende. Vid en genetisk studie av samma populationer upptäcktes dessutom ett samband mellan genetisk diversitet och beteendevariation som potentiellt kan vara intressant ur ett bevarandeperspektiv. Socialt beteende, födosöksbeteende och olika aspekter av rädsla studerades vidare i populationer med olika bakgrund som fick växa upp tillsammans i en grupp. Resultaten visade att populationerna bara skilde sig åt i rädslebeteenden vilket antyder att denna typ av beteende i större utsträckning påverkas av långvarig avel i en viss fångenskapsmiljö medan socialt beteende och födosöksbeteende istället kan bero på den omedelbara sociala eller fysiska miljön. Antipredatorbeteende studerades också i en longitudinell studie av två populationer över fyra generationer och det visade sig att populationerna blev mer lika varandra ju längre tiden gick då de hölls under likadana miljöförhållanden. Det verkar alltså som om antipredatorbeteende kan förändras av avel i en viss miljö efter bara ett fåtal generationer. Utöver detta studerades även dagliga beteendemönster i olika djurparksmiljöer samt dygnsrytm av galanden hos både vilda populationer och djurparkspopulationer inom artens naturliga utbredningsområde. Resultaten tyder på att sådana beteendemönster inte påverkas nämnvärt av att djur hålls i fångenskap. Fallstudien som presenteras här är ett av de första försöken att, ur ett bevarandeperspektiv, studera hur fångenskapsmiljöer kan påverka djurs beteende och resultaten talar för att dessa aspekter är viktiga att ta hänsyn till vid planering av bevarandeavel.
A number of endangered species are currently involved in conservation breeding programs worldwide. Conservation breeding deals with propagation of captive populations, often with the ultimate aim of releasing animals into the wild. However, an alarmingly high proportion of reintroductions have not been successful in establishing viable populations, possibly due to behavioural problems caused by genetic adaptation to captivity. The main aim of this thesis was to study behavioural aspects of conservation breeding and investigate whether, and how, maintenance of small populations in captivity cause behavioural modifications, which could affect the success of reintroductions. Throughout the project, the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) was used as a case study, representing animals maintained in captive populations. A screening of behavioural variation revealed that captive populations differ in antipredator, social and exploratory behaviours, all of which are central components of life in the wild. A correlation was also found between genetic diversity and behavioural variation. This has not been reported before and may potentially have interesting implications for conservation breeding. When studying the behaviour of populations with different backgrounds being raised together as one group, the results suggested that fear-related behaviours may be more affected by long-term breeding in a certain captive environment than social and exploratory behaviours which seem to be more influenced by the immediate social or physical environment. A longitudinal study of antipredator behaviour in two populations across four generations revealed that the populations became more similar over time when maintained under identical conditions. This demonstrates that effects of a new environment can appear after only a few generations. Furthermore, daily behavioural routines in different captive environments as well as diurnal crowing rhythms in both wild and captive populations were studied in the species’ natural region of distribution and the results suggest that such behavioural patterns are not affected by the captive environments to any notable extent. The present case study is one of the first attempts to, from a conservation perspective, study how captive environments can affect behaviour and the results imply that these aspects are important to take into consideration in conservation breeding programs.

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13

Šopienė, Ugnė. "Aplinką saugantis elgesys ir jį įtakojantys veiksniai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20140626_193651-34495.

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Aplinkos problemos glaudžiai susijusios su sveikatos problemomis, todėl apie aplinkos problemų sprendimą galima kalbėti kaip apie sveikatos sutrikimų prevenciją. Kadangi aplinkos problemos yra sukeltos žmonių elgesio ir jų sprendimui reikia žmonių elgesio pasikeitimo, psichologija, kaip mokslas apie elgesį, vaidina svarbų vaidmenį sprendžiant aplinkos problemas. Šiame darbe analizuojamas aplinką saugantis elgesys ir jį įtakojantys požiūrio veiksniai, remiantis socialiniu altruistiniu Vertybių-Įsitikinimų-Normų modeliu (Stern et al., 1999) bei Fishbein ir Ajzen (1975) Pagrįstų veiksmų teorija. Išskiriami kognityvinis, emocinis ir intencinis požiūrio komponentai. Į Vertybių-Įsitikinimų-Normų modelį įtraukti kintamieji (ekologinė pasaulėžiūra, aplinkos problemų pasekmių suvokimas, atsakomybės už aplinkos problemas prisiskyrimas ir asmeninės normos) atspindi tik kognityvinį požiūrio į aplinkos problemas komponentą, todėl pasirinktas modelis papildytas kitų tyrėjų išskirtais kintamaisiais, tokiais kaip emocinis įsitraukimas į aplinkos problemas (Maloney et al., 1975) ir susirūpinimas aplinka (Schultz, 2000), atspindinčiais emocinį požiūrio komponentą, bei požiūris į aplinką saugantį elgesį (Maloney et al., 1975), apimančiu intencinį požiūrio komponentą. Pirmiausia, atliktame tyrime aprašomas ir analizuojamas 157 Vilniaus Universiteto studentų aplinką saugantis elgesys ir jį įtakojantys požiūrio veiksniai. Tyrimas rodo, kad studentai yra įsitraukę į aplinką saugantį elgesį, palaiko... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Environmental problems are closely linked to health problems, so the promotion of environmental protection could be understood as the prevention of health problems. Environmental problems are caused by human behaviour and the sollution of these problems requires human behaviour change. Psychology, as a science of human behaviour, plays important role in environmental problems solving. This work is analysis of conservation behaviour and attitudinal factors influencing conservation behaviour in the conceptual framework of socio-altruistic Value-Belief-Norm model (Stern et al., 1999) and applying the Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein, Ajzen, 1975). According to the classical tripartite conceptualization, attitudes consist of cognitive, affective and conative dimensions. The Value-Belief-Norm model represents only cognitive component of attitude, so the model was extended including affective and conative components of attitude. First of all, this study describes and analizes conservation behaviour and attitudinal factors influencing conservation behaviour of 157 students of Vilnius University. The study shows that students are engaged in conservation behaviour and are fairly emotional about environmental issues. The CFA analysis supports the three-factor structure of environmental concern. Biospheric, egoistic and altruistic concerns can be distiguished. The study shows that egoistic concern for environment is predominant in Lithuania, so environmental concern in Lithuania... [to full text]

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14

Sjöberg, Mikael. "Behaviour and movements of the Baltic grey seal : implications for conservation and management /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5624-X.pdf.

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15

Taylor, Ruth Elizabeth. "The role of a persuasive communication in changing attitude and behaviour to conservation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-a-persuasive-communication-in-changing-attitude-and-behaviour-to-conservation(25e7fe42-a39b-46a0-9762-81edb5841e59).html.

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16

Peake, Thomas M. "Variation in the vocal behaviour of the Corncrake Crex crex : potential for conservation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363616.

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17

Muller, Zoe. "The social behaviour and conservation of Rothschild's giraffes, Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi, in Kenya." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f2157a75-f1a8-4d3c-9365-5b5ae814e023.

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An increasing number of species are declining in the wild. Giraffes have suffered an estimated 36-40% decline in the past ten years and are now listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Muller, 2016). Given this rate of decline, there is an urgent need for the development of conservation plans and practices for giraffes. However, giraffes have been understudied in relation to other large African mammals and even basic aspects of their behaviour and ecology are still unknown or misunderstood. Understanding a species’ social organisation and behaviour is critical to developing suitable conservation and management plans. In this thesis I provide a thorough investigation of giraffe social behaviour and the factors which influence association patterns and discuss how these may be related to fitness and impact upon the survival of the species. My results show that giraffes live in complex social systems which are composed of non-random associations, the patterns of which are influenced by age and sex of individual, behavioural state, reproductive state, and environmental factors such as disturbance and habitat structure. My results have contributed knowledge to understanding the complex social behaviour of giraffes and have demonstrated how generic conclusions about the behaviour of a species should not be drawn from studies of single populations. My study provides an important starting point from which to develop the comparative study of networks and determine the relative influence of environmental factors on network structure and provides comprehensive information that can be used for the management of giraffe populations in the wild.

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18

Husain, Salman Y. Y. "A study of urban residential water consumption behaviour : the case of Kuwait." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302676.

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19

Danial, Rioldi Emmanuela. "The influence of conservation breeding programs on animal communication and behaviour – a literary review." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-18338.

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Abstract This literary review is focused on how conservation breeding programs may influence an animal’s behaviour and communication and if this may affect reintroduction. The expansion of the human population is an increasing threat to all wild animals and their habitats. Animals are forced to survive in smaller areas and the worst case scenario is extinction. Animals communicate with each other using various types of signals to transmit information about their reproductive status, intentions, identity and their state of mind. Sexual selection can benefit these traits which improves the reproductive success in animals. In male species sexual dimorphisms have evolved to enhance a greater reproductive success, whilst secondary sexual characteristics are described as an exaggerated feature which improves success in the forms of body size, skin colour and weaponry. Zoos are being encouraged to conserve endangered species with the hope of a possible reintroduction to their native environment and it is therefore essential that zoo managers have an understanding of the species specific behaviour in order to achieve a higher reproductive success. The breeding of endangered animals in captivity provides a healthy population growth and a higher survival rate than that of their wild conspecifics. Negative impacts that can occur in captive breeding include a reduction in genetic diversity, domestication, inbreeding and a loss of fitness. When provided with enclosures that are designed to resemble their natural environment, thus allowing them to perform natural behaviours, there is a decrease in stereotypes and stress. Environmental enrichment can also provide the essential skills that are needed for their survival when reintroduced into their native habitat. I discovered that when provided with the appropriate management and enclosures animals showed a decrease in abnormal behaviour and an increase in fitness and health which influenced reproductive success.
Den här litteraturstudien är fokuserad på hur bevarandeavelsprogram påverkar ett djurs beteende och dess kommunikation och om de kan påverka återintroduktion. Befolkningsökningen är ett växande hot mot alla vilda djur och deras livsmiljöer. Detta medför att de tvingas överleva på mindre områden och det värsta tänkbara scenariot är utrotning. Djur kommunicerar med varandra med hjälp av olika typer av signaler för att förmedla information om deras reproduktiva tillstånd, avsikter, identitet och sinnestillstånd. Sexuell selektion kan gynna de egenskaper som medför en ökad reproduktion hos djur. Hos hanar har könsdimorfism utvecklats för att förbättra reproduktionsframgång, medan sekundära könskaraktärer beskrivs som en överdriven funktion som förbättrar framgången i form av kroppsstorlek, hudfärg and vapen. Djurparker uppmuntras att bevara hotade arter med hopp om en eventuell återintroduktion till sitt naturliga habitat, och det är därför viktigt att det finns en förståelse för artens specifika beteende i syfte att uppnå en högre reproduktiv framgång. Aveln av utrotningshotade djur i fångenskap medför en välmående populationstillväxt och en större överlevnad jämfört med sina vilda artfränder. Negativa effekter som kan uppstå i bevarandeavel är en minskning av den genetiska mångfalden, domesticering, inavel och en nedgång i fitness. När djur förses med inhägnader som är utformade att likna deras naturliga miljö, vilket tillåter dem att utföra naturliga beteenden, sker det en minskning i stereotyper och stress. Miljöberikning kan även förse djuren med de väsentliga färdigheter som krävs för överlevnad när de återintroduceras till deras naturliga habitat. Jag upptäckte att när djuren var försedda med en lämplig skötsel och inhägnad visades en minskning i avvikandebeteende och en ökning av fitness och hälsa vilket påverkade den reproduktiva framgången.

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Wilkin, Philip John. "A study of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis (L), with a strategy for its conservation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7885.

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21

Mäki-Petäys, H. (Hannaleena). "Conservation and management of populations in a fragmented forest landscape:behavioural ecology meets population genetics." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514283482.

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Abstract The effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on the genetic structure and vulnerability of populations strongly depend on the behaviour of a particular species. In this thesis, I examined the effects of forest fragmentation on genetic population structure with the aim of identifying and evaluating the different genetic and behavioural factors important for species conservation and management on different geographical scales. The species studied were the mound building red wood ants Formica lugubris and F. aquilonia, and a lekking bird, the capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus. Habitat loss and fragmentation affected the genetic structure in both wood ants and capercaillie. In general, the effects were related to the time since fragmentation and to the level of habitat loss and isolation from the other existing populations. The loss of genetic diversity due to population fragmentation was less observable than the differences in population structure. The response to habitat fragmentation was further dependent on species characteristics such as dispersal and mating behaviour. Sociality affected the genetic vulnerability of wood ant populations by decreasing gene diversity, increasing inbreeding depression and restricting gene flow between subpopulations. The results on the capercaillie in turn suggested that lekking behaviour restricts dispersal of both sexes, thus elevating the occurrence of inbreeding between individuals. The present study provided important information on species conservation and management in terms of better understanding species' biology and behaviour, as well as increased knowledge concerning the genetic issues that should be taken into account when planning conservation actions. By examining the genetic structure of the species it was possible to clarify the conservation status including the effective population size, the question of origin, and the genetic vulnerability (genetic diversity, inbreeding and inbreeding depression) of the populations and/or species. Overall, the results emphasised the importance of preserving the effective population size and the connectivity of habitat patches when planning species specific management strategies. There were great differences in conservation needs among the species, which should be taken into account especially in local management actions.

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22

Winter, Susan Jean. "Attitudes and behaviour of landholders towards the conservation of Overberg Coastal Renosterveld, a threatened vegetation type in the Cape Floral Kingdom." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18711.

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Thesis (MScConsEcol) -- Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis describes the findings of a survey to investigate the attitudes and behaviour of private landholders towards the conservation of Overberg Coastal Renosterveld, a highly endangered grassy-shrubland of the Cape Floral Region (CFR) lowlands, now 94% transformed. Personal interviews were conducted with 36 farmers in the Overberg region of the Western Cape, by administering a questionnaire. The following aspects were quantitatively described using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS): Renosterveld management and utilisation behaviour, perceived value of Overberg Coastal Renosterveld; landholder knowledge of its conservation importance and willingness to conserve it. Attitudes towards incentives for conservation; conservancies; and the provincial conservation authorities were also investigated. Willingness to conserve was explored further using SPSS cross-tabulation analyses. It was found that farmers who were more willing to conserve were younger, did not necessarily have a better education, and owned larger farms (> 500 ha) with a greater amount of remnant renosterveld (> 300 ha) than farmers less willing to conserve. Attitudes towards Overberg Coastal Renosterveld were largely negative, due to certain associated plants and animals which are problems for farmers, and because it is not economically advantageous to retain it. However, provision of incentives (of which assistance with fencing and land management was most attractive) and increased extension support will provide practical positive inducements for conservation. There is also a need for more landholder education regarding the scarcity of coastal renosterveld to prevent transformation of remaining fragments. The second component of the study aimed to construct a user-friendly index to measure the conservation attitudes of landholders towards conserving Overberg Coastal Renosterveld. An interative item analysis was executed on the data, using Spearman Rank Order correlations and Cronbach's Alpha. Results yielded an index with two dimensions and a Cronbach Alpha co-efficient of 0.67. The dimensions or components of conservation attitude towards renosterveld included: (i) a landholders' perception of the perceived benefit of Overberg Coastal Renosterveld; and (ii) their willingness to conserve it. The mean conservation attitude score was 0.6 (± 0.03), indicating that landholder attitudes were generally sympathetic towards renosterveld conservation. This suggests that while many landholders do not place a high value on Overberg Coastal Renosterveld due to its low agricultural value, their willingness to conserve it is in some cases higher than expected, which possibly explains the above-average mean conservation attitude score. An analysis of variance showed that the following variables were significantly, positively correlated with conservation attitude: (i) area of Overberg Coastal Renosterveld; (ii) landholder environmental group membership status; (iii) presence of ecotourism activities on the property; and (iv) how long the property had been in the owner's family. The intended application of the index is that index scores (amenable for use in a Geographical Information System database) can assist conservation practitioners in deciding where resources should be allocated, on the assumption that high-scoring individuals are more likely to want to take part in conservation initiatives.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif beskryf die bevindings van 'n opname waarin die houdings en gedrag van private grondeienaars ten opsigte van Overberg Kustelike Renosterveld ondersoek word. Altesaam 94% van die oorspronklike renosterveld, 'n hoogs bedreigde, grasagtige struikveld in die laaglande van die Kaapse Planteryk (KPR) , is reeds getransformeer en verander. Persoonlike onderhoude is met 36 boere in die Overbergstreek van die Wes-Kaap gevoer en 'n vraelys is aan hulle gestel. Die "Statistical Package for Social Scientists" (SPSS) is gebruik om die volgende aspekte kwantitatief te beskryf: die bestuur en benutting van Overberg Kustelike Renosterveld; die waarde wat toegeskryf word aan hierdie renosterveld; asook grondeienaars se kennis oor die bewaringsbelang van Overberg Kustelike Renosterveld en hul bereidwilligheid om dit te bewaar. Houdings jeens aansporingsmiddele om bewaring te bevorder, bewareas en die provinsiale bewaringsowerhede is ook ondersoek. Private grondeienaars se bereidwilligheid om betrokke te raak by bewaringswerk is verder ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van die SPSS-kruistabelleringsanalise. In vergelyking met boere wat nie bewaring ondersteun nie, is gevind dat die meer bewaringsgesinde boere jonger is, nie noodwendig 'n beter opvoeding het nie, en groter plase (>500 ha) besit waarop meer brokkies oorblywende Overberg Kustelike Renosterveld (>300 ha) gevind word. Grondeienaars se houding jeens Overberg Kustelike Renosterveld was grootliks negatief. Dit is as gevolg van sekere verwante plante en diere wat deur boere as probleme ervaar word, en omdat dit nie ekonomies lewensvatbaar is om renosterveld te behou nie. Die beskikbaarheidstelling van aansporingsmiddele (waarvan hulpverlening met omheinings en grondbestuur die aantreklikste was), en 'n toename in landbou-voorligting is egter praktiese en positiewe dryfvere wat bewaring kan bevorder. Daar is ook 'n behoefte vir meer opvoeding van grondeienaars oor aspekte soos die skaarsheid van Overberg Kustelike Renosterveld, sodat die verdere transformasie van oorblywende fragmente voorkom kan word. Die tweede gedeelte van die studie was daarop gemik om 'n gebruikersvriendelike indeks te ontwikkel waarmee die bewaringsgesindheid van grondeienaars teenoor die bewaring van renosterveld gemeet kan word. Deur gebruik te maak van Spearman se rangorde-korrelasies en Cronbach se Alpha is die data aan 'n herhalende item-analise onderwerp. Die resultate het 'n indeks met twee dimensies en 'n Cronbach Alpha-koëffisiënt van 0.67 gelewer. Die dimensies of komponente van bewaringsgesindheid jeens renosterveld het onder meer ingesluit: i) 'n grondeienaar se opvatting oor die moontlike voordeel van Overberg Kustelike Renosterveld en ii) sy/haar bereidwilligheid om dit bewaar. Die gemiddelde telling vir bewaringsgesindheid was 0.6 (± 0.03), wat in die algemeen 'n simpatieke houding jeens die bewaring van Overberg Kustelike Renosterveld onder grondeienaars aandui. Hiervolgens blyk dit dat alhoewel heelwat grondeienaars weens die lae landbouwaarde van renosterveld nie 'n hoë waarde op hierdie plantegroeitipe plaas nie, hulle bereidwilligheid om dit te bewaar soms verwagtinge oortref. Dit is dalk 'n moontlike verklaring vir die bogemiddelde gemiddelde bewaringsgesindheidtelling. 'n Variansie-analise het 'n noemenswaardige, positiewe korrelasie met bewaringsgesindheid ten opsigte van die volgende veranderlikes getoon: i) area van Overberg Kustelike Renosterveld; ii) die grondeienaar se moontlike lidmaatskap van 'n bewaringsgroep; iii) die teenwoordigheid van ekotoerisme-bedrywighede op die eiendom; en iv) die tydperk wat die eiendom al in besit van die grondeienaar se familie is. Die voorgestelde gebruik van die indeks is toepaslik omdat die indeks-tellings (wat vir gebruik in 'n Geografiese Inligtingstelsel databasis aangepas kan word) bewaringslui kan help met besluite random die toekenning van hulpbronne. Die aanname is dat individuele grondeienaars wie hoë tellings aangeteken het, met alle waarskynlikheid meer geredelik aan bewaringsinisiatiewe sal wil deelneem.

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23

Santori, Claudia. "Ecology, behaviour and citizen science of Murray River turtles: implications for future conservation and management." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22964.

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Two of the three turtle species inhabiting the Murray River, Emydura macquarii and Chelodina longicollis, have declined since the 1970s, whilst C. expansa is rare. As much of the ecology of these turtles and their threats are poorly understood, a comprehensive conservation plan is yet to be drafted. Here, I describe a threat to turtles, investigate aspects of their ecology and behaviour, and evaluate methods for public engagement in turtle conservation. These areas are critical for the design of an effective management plan. In Chapter 2, I describe mortality on roads using data collected via citizen science, and show that C. longicollis is most at risk on multiple-lane highways during their nesting season and after rain. I propose testing road signs, eco-passages and artificial nesting grounds to address this issue. In Chapter 3, I evaluate the consequences of the decline of all three species by quantifying their scavenging role, and show that they are key scavengers that positively affect water quality. Hence, areas with few or no turtles are likely to be most affected by unchecked carrion decay, highlighting the need to address the turtle decline. Headstarting hatchlings may be an effective conservation technique. In Chapter 4, I test whether hatchling E. macquarii associate with aquatic vegetation, and whether captivity affects their behaviour and short-term survival, to inform a headstarting plan. I conclude that E. macquarii hatchlings should be released at hatching in areas with abundant aquatic vegetation. In Chapter 5, I show that skills and knowledge gains after participating in the citizen science project TurtleSAT are associated with behavioural and attitudinal changes that may be beneficial for turtle conservation. This thesis justifies the conservation of the turtles of the Murray River, informs a future conservation plan, and provides an example approach for other poorly known species that are likely to play key roles in their ecosystem functioning.

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24

East, Duncan. "Environmental performance of a conservation attraction : the potential impact of visitor learning and behaviour change." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/420754/.

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Nature based visitor attractions desire to be a positive influence on the people who visit, whether they are day visitors, members or organised school groups. Much work has been done to evaluate learning in visitors with mixed results, and demonstrating actual change in behaviour as a result of any learning has only been possible in a few, narrowly focussed studies. Using a combination of GPS visitor tracking and surveys, never before tried on this scale in this type of attraction, variations in spatial behaviour were found with group type, with learning and with intention to change behaviour. Further public surveys, analysis of schoolchildren's drawings of animals, focus groups discussions and responses on Facebook were combined with the tracking analysis to give a unique insight into the influence of an attraction on visitor learning and behaviour change resulting from repeated contact. Conservation organisations and attractions strive to have a positive environmental impact, but operating a visitor attraction has negative environmental and social impacts, often in direct conflict with the aims of the organisation. The negative impacts could potentially, however, be alleviated, or compensated for, if enough visitors could be inspired to modify their behaviour in their lives away from the attraction. Visitors and schoolchildren to Marwell Zoo were confirmed to be learning during their visit, and visitors were open to calls to action to prevent biodiversity loss. A small proportion reported an intention to change behaviour following their visit, and some repeat visitors gave examples of behaviours they had already changed as a result of visiting Marwell Zoo. Recommendations are made to increase the proportion of visitors changing behaviour, and a mechanism is suggested to incorporate visitor behaviour change into overall environmental reporting.

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25

Wright, Andrew John. "The development and use of a model for investigating the thermal behaviour of industrial buildings." Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284684.

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26

Bergeå, Hanna Ljunggren. "Negotiating fences : interaction in advisory encounters for nature conservation /." Uppsala : Dept. of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/2007130.pdf.

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27

Kardos, Monique. "A study in behaviour conservation : applying ecological learning theory to the maintenance of species-typical behaviour in small carnivores in a zoo environment /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk179.pdf.

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28

Kerwath, Sven Ebo. "Empirical studies of fish movement behaviour and their application in spatially explicit models for marine conservation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005121.

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This thesis investigates the movement behaviour of South African two coastal fish species and evaluates the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) in their protection and management. Its primary focus is on resolving the movement patterns of roman Chrysoblephus laticeps (Sparidae) in and around the Goukamma and Castle Rock MPAs in the Western Cape province of South Africa. A pilot study of the methodology investigated the movement behaviour of spotted grunter Pomadasys commersonnii (Haemulidae) in the sheltered East Kleinmonde Estuary in the Eastern Cape province. The application of different tagging methods was tested in a controlled tank experiment. Tagged roman were monitored over a 198-day period. Barbed dart, t-bar anchor and Visible Implanted Fluorescent Elastomer (VIFE) tags were compared. Application techniques and underwater visibility of VIFE tags were tested on roman and on fransmadam Boobsoidia inornata in a pilot study. Needles of gauge 25 were found to be optimal for VIFE tag application. Whereas VIFE tagging caused fin rot in fransmadam, it had no negative effect on roman. VIFE tagged fish could be identified by divers from a distance of three metres under ambient light in an observation tank in five metres water depth. There was no significant difference in growth rate between groups of roman with different tags and controls after 198 days. High tag loss rates were experienced for barbed dart and t-bar anchor tags, although barbed dart tags performed better than t-bar anchor tags. Although some of the VIFE marks had deteriorated, all VIFE tagged fish were individually recognised at the end of the study. Conventional dart and VIFE tags are feasible methods to tag roman. However, the high tag loss rate of conventional tags must be taken into account in the design of a tagging study. Previous mark and recapture studies on roman are beset with a number of problems. Poor experimental design and low precision of capture positions resulted in equivocal results of limited value. A tagging experiment was designed to eliminate ambiguity in data interpretation and to produce a dataset that could be used to model roman residency and dispersal. A combination of conventional barbed dart tags and Visible Implanted Fluorescent Elastomer tags was used to tag roman in the Goukamma Marine Protected Area (GMPA) on the temperate South African south coast. Sixty one percent of roman were recaptured within 50 m of the tagging position. A small proportion moved considerable distances of up to four kilometres. The extent of these movements was not dependent on fish size or sex. Data from this experiment and from a previous tagging study in the Tsitsikamma National Park (TNP) were used to model the resident behaviour of roman. The model suggests a probability of 91% (GMPA) and 94% (TNP) of residency within a 10000 m² cell. This result suggests that individual roman will benefit from protection in small MPAs. A different experimental approach was required to investigate the exact home range of this species. Firstly the feasibility of using acoustic telemetry to study the movement of coastal fish in South Africa was investigated. The telemetry equipment comprised two VEMCO V8 transmitters and a VEMCO VR60 receiver linked to a directional hydrophone. A tank experiment was conducted to examine the effects of the transmitter implantation. A tracking experiment was conducted on spotted grunter Pomadasys commersonnii in the East Kleinmonde Estuary. Operated fish recovered quickly and, with respect to swimming behaviour and growth rates, no differences were found between fish with implants and controls. The maximum detection range in the estuary was 400 m. Interference between different transmitter frequencies was negligible. Transmitter location recordings were found to be accurate within five metres. Two fish were tracked over a seven-day period. The fish preferred the lower reaches of the estuary where they made repeated and prolonged use of specific areas. The success of the initial experiments allowed this method to be used to investigate the spatial utilisation and activity patterns of roman Chrysoblephus laticeps. Surgically implanted VEMCO V8, V13 and V16 transmitters were used to track 13 roman inside the Castle Rock MPA in False Bay. Transmitters implanted into C. laticeps in tanks had no apparent effects on growth and physiology. Manual boatand diver-based tracking experiments covered a 17-month period. A VEMCO VRAP radio acoustic positioning system was used over two one-month periods during and after the spawning season of roman. Analysis of data using a 95% fixed kernel algorithm suggests that roman are resident throughout their adult life, occupying home ranges between 1000 and 3000 m². Activity was lower at night. During periods of cold-water upwelling, fish retreated into caves. During the spawning season, females extended their home ranges, possibly to mate with different males. These results confirm that this species is well suited for protection and management with small MPAs. The effect of two MPAs on the South African south coast on the population of C. laticeps was simulated with a spatially explicit individual based model (IBM). Life history parameters determined in recent studies and the effect of fishing on the size of sex change was taken into account. Fish densities and size frequencies were based on recent underwater visual census. The distribution of suitable habitat in the study areas was also incorporated. The results show a rapid recovery of the fish size frequency spectrum and sex ratio to pre-exploitation levels inside both MPAs. Little 'spillover' of fish into the fished areas occurred resulting in negligible improvement of catches. The results suggest that for resident species like roman, even small MPAs offer sufficient protection.

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29

Cosgrove, Brigit A. "The effects on memory and self-reported behaviour of four types of information about water conservation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1995. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1188.

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Education campaigns conducted by water management agencies are intended to motivate people to conserve water. However, there has been little research to determine what kind of information best achieves this goal. Four types of information partly based on Stem, Dietz and Kalof's (1993) social-psychological model of environmental value orientations were examined in this study: action information about ways to conserve water; abstract factual information about water and its use; anthropocentric information about how people are affected by water use; and ecocentric information about how the environment is affected by water use. Using cluster sampling techniques 160 participants were selected from four Perth suburbs (two upper-middle income suburbs, and two lower-middle income suburbs). Brochures containing the four different types of information (all including action information) were randomly distributed to participants who were then asked to rate the perceived importance of each information item. Three weeks after distribution participants were assessed on their memory of the information, and on their self-reported water conservation behaviours. There was an interaction of information with income on importance ratings, with the lower-middle income group rating ecocentric information as relatively important, while the upper-middle income group rated it as relatively unimportant. There was a main effect for memory, with post hoc tests indicating that abstract information was remembered significantly better than anthropocentric information. In addition to having higher memory scores, people receiving abstract information reported the most behaviour change. However, post hoc tests revealed that this was significantly different only from ecocentric information, for which people reported the least behaviour change. The relative effectiveness of the abstract information may be explained by the simple and novel nature of many of the items. The failure of ecocentric information to lead to behaviour change appears inconsistent with previous findings that suggest environmental concern motivates conservation behaviour. This failure was not surprising in the upper middle income group which found the information relatively unimportant. For people in the lower-middle income group it is possible that a) they feel helpless in the face of environmental problems, or b) their perceived importance ratings were based on symbolic attitudes which have little influence on behaviour when self-interests also prevail.

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30

Trujillo, Fernando. "Habitat use and social behaviour of the freshwater dolphin Inia geoffrensis (de Blainville, 1817) in the Amazon and Orinoco basins." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327126.

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31

Mills, Vanessa. "Applying ecological learning theory to the conservation of behaviour in species housed in a zoo environment : an empirical examination /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm6579.pdf.

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32

Whiteley, Jervis. "Complex Adaptive Systems and Conversation Analysis: A New Perspective for Consumer Behaviour Research?" Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/734.

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The research question for this study is “Can concepts from complex adaptive systems and conversation analysis be used to research consumer behaviour?" This is, primarily, a theoretical question. After a wide-ranging literature search no scholarly publications linking the qualitative aspects of complex adaptive systems theory to marketing or consumer research were located. In addition, there appear to be few papers on consumer research which use conversation analysis. A theory for the research methodology was developed. It was argued that the production of a research theory and methodology to test the relevance and appropriateness of two very different theories - complex adaptive systems and conversation analysis was the major undertaking of this thesis. The problem of combining an essentially scientific perspective (complex adaptive systems) with an essentially qualitative one (ethnomethodology and conversation analysis) was resolved as part of the research process. A bridging theory was developed through the common ground offered by the sociology of scientific knowledge on the one hand and social-constructionist theory on the other. This methodology was successful in supporting the choice of conversation analysis as the data-collection method and provided the rationale for observing five characteristics of a complex adaptive system. The methodology was tested empirically and, in keeping with exploratory work, iteratively. It is not intended that this type of research will have predictive value. The complex adaptive system studied was consumers in a small group. There were two research locations with six data-collection sessions in each. The first location collected data from organisational groups. The second collected data from groups of consumers convened in a meeting room.Data were transcribed and analysed for all sessions according to the conventions of conversation analysis. In the meeting-room sessions, data were also collected by electronic-group-support-systems technology and subjected to a modified form of content analysis. The broad findings showed the following. The assumption that there was little evidence of interest in complex adaptive systems among consumer behaviour researchers was confirmed. Apart from one paper calling for the use of conversation analysis in consumer behaviour research, there appeared to have been no subsequent reports of its adoption. The potential for conversation analysis in consumer research has probably not been understood because it was seen as a data-collection method only within an ethnomethodological perspective. The discursive theoretical perspective, which gives a prime position to conversation analysis in the construction of factual accounts, was found to be an innovative way to study consumer behaviour. A discursive theoretical research perspective could have provided a more robust theoretical justification for the fieldwork carried out in this study than the theory of the methodology that was first developed for this study. Conversation analysis did meet the five criteria proposed for surfacing a complex adaptive system in a small group but in an unexpected way. It met these criteria through the research process. In other words, by setting up an appropriate research environment and using conversation analysis, it was shown that a complex adaptive system was in operation.An outcome of employing complex adaptive systems theory and conversation analysis is a new way of seeing groups of consumers as a self-organised, nonlinear, interactive entity. Conversation analysis has proven to be a method of empirically observing this entity, whilst preserving the consumer groups' complex adaptiveness. There were three conclusions. The first is that the discursive paradigm appears to be an alternative paradigm for consumer behaviour research that is appropriate for certain applications. For example, marketing communications and word-of-mouth communication. The second conclusion is that when small-group talk-in-interaction is recorded and analysed using conversation analysis, the characteristics of a complex adaptive system theorised in this study seem evident to the researcher. The third is that complex adaptive systems appear to be capable of being researched in the field, but more work is needed on defining the characteristics to be researched.

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33

Phang, S. C. "Predicting salmonid population ecology from individual fish responses to environmental changes : bridging behaviour, conservation and fisheries management." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2013. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/21076/.

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Current habitat-association models used in the management of the socio-economically and ecologically important chalk stream salmonid populations fail to incorporate fish behaviour and the interactions between fish with their environment and this limits their ability predicting management-relevant salmonid population responses to environmental change. A salmonid individual-based model is parameterised to predict fish distributions and growth as the modelling approach address the weaknesses of current models. Virtual forager parameters are derived from published investigations and models of salmonid behaviour and bioenergetics. Data from three field studies at the same chalk stream site are used to describe the environment and initial fish population with subsequent data on fish population patterns used to statistically validate the IBM. I found that current recommendations for population enhancement may be futile beyond a threshold population density and regimes that address habitat quality should be adopted. Potential parasite impacts are investigated theoretically by simulations on the mode of impact on their host and identify the most population damaging parasites as those with high effect on host physiology. The management of salmonid predators in fisheries is predicted to have little benefit to salmonid growth and should not be implemented. Additionally, the removal of the dominant aquatic macrophyte for flood risk management is potentially damaging to salmonid populations and recommendations for a sympathetic design are provided. The model described here can be used to produce robust predictions of salmonid population patterns in riverine habitat and allows users to test the impact of environmental change on salmonids to be used for proactive management in light of current rates of environmental change.

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34

Mårell, Anders. "Summer feeding behaviour of reindeer : a hierarchical approach /." Umeå : Department of Animal Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200656.pdf.

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35

Geskos, Alkiviadis. "The behaviour, ecology and conservation of the Agrini Capra SP. In the Samaria national Forest Park, Crete, Greece." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535826.

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36

Moir, Shaun Alexander. "Drivers of wildfire behaviour, severity and magnitude in the Limietberg conservation area : understanding the complexity of wildfire risk." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95810.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Western Cape Province in South Africa is home to one of the most diverse plant communities in the world, and has one of the highest concentrations of plants species in any temperate ecosystem in the world. The dominant vegetation is both fire-prone and fire-dependant (Van Wilgen & Scott 2001, Forsyth et al. 2010). The Western Cape in particular is emerging as a province that is increasingly prone to disaster events, particularly the threat of veld fires. The consequences of large wildfire disaster events are often devastating and far reaching (Van Wilgen & Scott 2001, Forsyth et al. 2010). This study was conducted in an attempt to investigate the drivers of wildfire behaviour, severity and magnitude in the Limietberg Conservation Area in order to gain a greater insight and understanding of the complexity of wildfire risk. Recognising the disaster prone character of the Western Cape and the increasing probabilities of future wildfire events in the province, this study aimed to strengthen the understanding of the drivers of wildland fire behaviour (i.e. wildland fire risk) in the Limietberg Conservation Area by analysing a number of fires to identify a range of drivers and patterns; examining the factors driving both fire danger and fire behaviour, including climate, topography, slope and fuel; examining the factors driving fire frequency and regime; and finally, determining possible ecological damage caused by the last 10 – 20 years of wildfire events in the Limietberg Conservation Area as measured by post-fire seedling ratios. This was achieved through the use of statistical techniques including multiple regression (McDonald 2009), ordination in the form of principal component analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (Clarke & Warwick 1994), and fieldwork in the form of post-fire regeneration (Proteaceae parent:seedling ratio) monitoring techniques (Bond et al. 1984; Vlok & Yeaton 2000; De Klerk et al. 2007). The results indicated that the interactions between factors driving fire danger and fire behaviour were indeed complex, being influenced mainly by meteorological variables (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed) but also quite strongly influenced by physical environmental factors (slope, topography). The use of ordination techniques in this sort of complex analysis was seen as extremely effective and its use in further fire research was strongly recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wes-Kaap provinsie in Suid-Afrika is die tuiste van een van die mees diverse plant gemeenskappe in die wêreld, en het een van die hoogste konsentrasies van plantspesies in enige gematigde ekosisteem in die wêreld. Die dominante plantegroei is beide vuur geneig en vuurafhanklik (Van Wilgen & Scott 2001, Forsyth et al. 2010). Die Wes-Kaap in die besonder is opkomende as 'n provinsie wat toenemend geneig is tot ramp gebeure, veral die bedreiging van veldbrande. Die gevolge van groot veldbrand rampgebeure is dikwels verwoestend en verreikend (Van Wilgen & Scott 2001, Forsyth et al. 2010). Hierdie studie is uitgevoer in 'n poging om die oorsake van veldbrande, die gedrag, erns en omvang daarvan in die Limietberg Bewaringsgebied vir groter insig en begrip van die kompleksiteit van veldbrand risiko te ondersoek. Hierdie studie erken die rampgeneigdheid van die Wes-Kaap en die toenemende waarskynlikheid van toekomstige veldbrande in die provinsie. Dit het ten doel gehad om die oorsake van veldvuur gedrag (bv. brand risiko) in die Limietberg Bewaringsgebied deur die ontleding van 'n aantal brande se oorsake en patrone te identifiseer; die ondersoek van faktore wat beide brandgevaar en vuurgedrag, bepaal insluitend klimaat, topografie, helling en brandstof; die ondersoek van faktore wat vuur frekwensie en regime; en uiteindelik die bepaling van moontlike ekologiese skade veroorsaak deur die laaste 10 - 20 jaar van veldbrand gebeure in die Limietberg Bewaringsgebied, soos gemeet deur navuur saailing verhoudings. Die doel is bereik deur die gebruik van statistiese tegnieke waaronder meervoudige regressie (McDonald 2009), ordening in die vorm van hoofkomponent analise en multi-dimensionele skaling (Clarke & Warwick 1994), en veldwerk in die vorm van navuur herlewing (Proteaceae ouer:saailing verhouding) moniteringstegnieke (Bond et al. 1984; Vlok & Yeaton 2000; De Klerk et al. 2007). Die resultate dui daarop dat die interaksies tussen faktore wat brandgevaar en vuurgedrag inderdaad kompleks aandryf is en hoofsaaklik beïnvloed word deur meteorologiese veranderlikes (temperatuur, relatiewe humiditeit, windspoed), maar ook baie sterk beïnvloed word deur fisiese omgewingsfaktore (helling, topografie). Die gebruik van ordeningstegnieke vir hierdie komplekse tipe analise is bevind as uiters effektief en die gebruik daarvan in verdere vuur navorsing word sterk aanbeveel.

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Tibblin, Petter. "Migratory behaviour and adaptive divergence in life-history traits of pike (Esox lucius)." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-42995.

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Population divergence shaped by natural selection is central to evolutionary ecology research and has been in focus since Darwin formulated “The origin of species”. Still, the process of adaptive divergence among sympatric populations is poorly understood. In this thesis I studied patterns of adaptive divergence among subpopulations of pike (Esox lucius) that are sympatric in the Baltic Sea but become short-term allopatric during spawning and initial juvenile growth in freshwater streams. I also examined causes and consequences of phenotypic variation among individuals within subpopulations to evaluate the contribution of natural selection to population divergence. I first investigated homing behaviour and population structures of pike to assess the potential for adaptive divergence among sympatric pike that migrate to spawn in different streams. Mark-recapture data suggested that migrating pike displayed homing behaviour and repeatedly returned to the same stream. Analyses of microsatellite data revealed partial reproductive isolation among subpopulations spawning in different streams. These subpopulations, however, were truly sympatric during the life-stage spent in the Baltic Sea. To address whether short-term allopatry has resulted in adaptive divergence among sympatric subpopulations I combined observational, experimental and molecular approaches. Observational data showed that subpopulations differed in morphological and life-history traits and common-garden experiments suggested that differences were, at least in part, genetically based. Moreover, QST-FST comparisons indicated that genetically based phenotypic differences has been driven by divergent selection, and a reciprocal translocation experiment showed that phenotypic variation represented local adaptations to spawning habitats. Finally, longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons among individuals revealed associations between phenotypes, performance and fitness components. In conclusion, my thesis illustrates how short-term allopatry due to migratory behaviour can result in adaptive divergence among sympatric subpopulations. These findings advance the understanding of evolutionary processes at the finest spatiotemporal scale and illustrate that local adaptations can arise in environments with high connectivity. The results also emphasise that fine spatial scale population structures must be taken into consideration in management and conservation of biodiversity in the Baltic Sea.

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Methion, Séverine. "Ecology and behaviour of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in a coastal area subject to shellfish farming." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0368.

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L'étude de l'écologie des cétacés vivant sous la pression d'activités anthropiques est essentielle pour leur conservation. Cependant, il existe peu d'informations sur les cétacés et la conchyliculture. À l'aide d'un ensemble de données collectées à long terme, cette étude examine l'écologie et le comportement d'un cétacé côtier, le grand dauphin (Tursiops truncatus), vivant dans une zone importante pour la conchyliculture (Ría d’Arousa, Nord-Ouest de l'Espagne). Le grand dauphin était présent à l'année dans cette région. Leur abondance saisonnière variait de 56 à 144 individus et leur survie apparente était élevée. Parmi les facteurs environnementaux étudiés, la profondeur et la présence de fermes conchylicoles influaient sur leur utilisation de l’habitat, et la chlorophylle-a et l’oxygène dissous influaient sur leurs modes d’agrégation spatio-temporelle. Leur comportement alimentaire dépendait principalement de la température de la surface de la mer, de l’heure de la journée et du fait que les dauphins s’alimentent dans les zones conchylicoles, les dauphins ayant une probabilité plus élevée de se nourrir à l'intérieur de ces zones, qu'à l'extérieur (57%-43%). Certains individus s’alimentaient plus fréquemment que d'autres autour des fermes conchylicoles. À leur tour, les individus qui se nourrissaient fréquemment autour des fermes avaient des associations plus faibles que les autres. Cette étude génère des informations clés sur l'écologie et le comportement d'un cétacé vivant sous la pression de l'industrie conchylicole, sur les priorités de conservation des cétacés vivant sous de telles pressions, ainsi que sur les réglementations applicables au secteur de la conchyliculture
Studying the ecology of cetaceans living under the pressure of anthropogenic activities is essential for their conservation. Yet, there is a paucity of information on cetaceans and shellfish farming. Using a long-term and year-round dataset, this study investigates the ecology and the behaviour of a coastal cetacean, the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), in an important area for shellfish farming (Ría de Arousa, North-West Spain). A resident population of bottlenose dolphins was present year-round in this area. Their seasonal abundance varied from 56 to 144 individuals and their apparent survival was high. Of the investigated environmental factors, depth and shellfish farms were influencing dolphins habitat use, and chlorophyll-a and dissolved oxygen were influencing their spatio-temporal aggregation patterns. Foraging behaviour was mainly determined by the sea surface temperature, time of the day, and whether the dolphins were foraging within shellfish farm areas. Dolphins were predicted to be more likely found foraging inside these areas than outside (57% vs. 43%). Findings of this study also revealed variation in foraging behaviour among dolphins, with some individuals foraging more frequently than others within the shellfish farms. In turn, individuals that frequently foraged within shellfish farms had weaker associations compared to others. This study generates key insights into the ecology and the behaviour of a coastal cetacean living under the pressure of the shellfish farming industry. It further provides valuable information on conservation priorities for coastal cetaceans living under such pressures as well as regulations for the shellfish farming industry

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39

Whiteley, Jervis. "Complex Adaptive Systems and Conversation Analysis: A New Perspective for Consumer Behaviour Research?" Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12936.

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The research question for this study is “Can concepts from complex adaptive systems and conversation analysis be used to research consumer behaviour?" This is, primarily, a theoretical question. After a wide-ranging literature search no scholarly publications linking the qualitative aspects of complex adaptive systems theory to marketing or consumer research were located. In addition, there appear to be few papers on consumer research which use conversation analysis. A theory for the research methodology was developed. It was argued that the production of a research theory and methodology to test the relevance and appropriateness of two very different theories - complex adaptive systems and conversation analysis was the major undertaking of this thesis. The problem of combining an essentially scientific perspective (complex adaptive systems) with an essentially qualitative one (ethnomethodology and conversation analysis) was resolved as part of the research process. A bridging theory was developed through the common ground offered by the sociology of scientific knowledge on the one hand and social-constructionist theory on the other. This methodology was successful in supporting the choice of conversation analysis as the data-collection method and provided the rationale for observing five characteristics of a complex adaptive system. The methodology was tested empirically and, in keeping with exploratory work, iteratively. It is not intended that this type of research will have predictive value. The complex adaptive system studied was consumers in a small group. There were two research locations with six data-collection sessions in each. The first location collected data from organisational groups. The second collected data from groups of consumers convened in a meeting room.
Data were transcribed and analysed for all sessions according to the conventions of conversation analysis. In the meeting-room sessions, data were also collected by electronic-group-support-systems technology and subjected to a modified form of content analysis. The broad findings showed the following. The assumption that there was little evidence of interest in complex adaptive systems among consumer behaviour researchers was confirmed. Apart from one paper calling for the use of conversation analysis in consumer behaviour research, there appeared to have been no subsequent reports of its adoption. The potential for conversation analysis in consumer research has probably not been understood because it was seen as a data-collection method only within an ethnomethodological perspective. The discursive theoretical perspective, which gives a prime position to conversation analysis in the construction of factual accounts, was found to be an innovative way to study consumer behaviour. A discursive theoretical research perspective could have provided a more robust theoretical justification for the fieldwork carried out in this study than the theory of the methodology that was first developed for this study. Conversation analysis did meet the five criteria proposed for surfacing a complex adaptive system in a small group but in an unexpected way. It met these criteria through the research process. In other words, by setting up an appropriate research environment and using conversation analysis, it was shown that a complex adaptive system was in operation.
An outcome of employing complex adaptive systems theory and conversation analysis is a new way of seeing groups of consumers as a self-organised, nonlinear, interactive entity. Conversation analysis has proven to be a method of empirically observing this entity, whilst preserving the consumer groups' complex adaptiveness. There were three conclusions. The first is that the discursive paradigm appears to be an alternative paradigm for consumer behaviour research that is appropriate for certain applications. For example, marketing communications and word-of-mouth communication. The second conclusion is that when small-group talk-in-interaction is recorded and analysed using conversation analysis, the characteristics of a complex adaptive system theorised in this study seem evident to the researcher. The third is that complex adaptive systems appear to be capable of being researched in the field, but more work is needed on defining the characteristics to be researched.

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Rumbauskaitė, Rasa. "Klimato kaitos švelninimo priemonių namų ūkiuose Lietuvoje vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20141223_180659-36079.

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Klimato kaita yra prioritetinė pasaulio, Europos Sąjungos ir atskirų šalių problema. Į klimato kaitos iššūkius atsakyti galima dviem būdais – mažinant paklausą ir didinant naujų bei atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių santykinę dalį. Tyrimų duomenimis namų ūkiuose slypi didelis energijos taupymo potencialas. Efektyvus energijos vartojimas vestų į klimato kaitos įsipareigojimų įgyvendinimą, taipogi galėtų apčiuopiamai mažinti namų ūkių sąskaitas už energiją, tiesiogiai gerinti kasdienį kiekvieno piliečio gyvenimą Darbo tikslas- įvertinti klimato kaitos švelninimo priemones namų ūkiuose Lietuvoje Darbo tikslui pasiekti buvo išsikelti tokie uždaviniai:  Apžvelgti klimato kaitos švelninimo politikos įgyvendinimą tarptautiniu lygmeniu.  Nustatyti namų ūkių svarbą klimato kaitos švelninimo politikos tikslų įgyvendinimui.  Pateikti Lietuvos šiltnamio dujų emisijų ir galutinės energijos suvartojimo namų ūkių sektoriuje lyginamąją analizę;  Išnagrinėti šiltnamio dujų emisijų namų ūkiuose mažinimo priemones Lietuvoje ir palyginti su taikomomis kitose šalyse;  Ištirti šiltnamio dujų mažinimo galimybes Lietuvos namų ūkiuose, keičiant gyventojų įpročius ir taupant energiją. Atlikus energijos suvartojimo, šiltnamio efektą sukeliančių dujų emisijų kitimo ir klimato kaitos švelninimo politikos Lietuvoje analizę, gavome, kad Lietuvoje namų ūkiuose yra suvartojama sąlyginai daug galutinės energijos ir išskiriama šiltnamio dujų. Atlikus empirinį tyrimą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Climate change is considered as one of the most important problems in the whole world, EU and separate countries. The challenges of climate change can be overcome in two ways – decreasing the demand and increasing the part of the energy that is created by new and renewable energy recourses. According to the previous researches, there is a great energy saving potential in the households. This means that more efficient energy consumption would lead to better implementation of climate change requirements as well as smaller households’ energy bills and thus improvement of daily life of every person. The object of the paper – Climate change mitigation measures in households. The purpose of the paper – To assess climate change mitigation measures in Lithuanian households. Objectives of the paper:  To give the overview of implementation of climate change mitigation policies in the international aspect.  To determine the influence of households in implementing climate change mitigation policy.  To provide the comparative analysis of GHG emissions and energy consumption in Lithuanian households.  To analyze the measures for mitigating GHG emissions in Lithuania and to compare it with other measures used in different countries.  To estimate the possibilities of mitigating GHG emissions in Lithuanian households while changing their behavior and saving more energy. After conducting the analysis of energy consumption, GHG emissions pattern and... [to full text]

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Pople, Robert Grant. "The ecology and conservation of the white-winged nightjar Caprimulgus candicans." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/225237.

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In the tradition of previous studies of threatened species, this thesis was undertaken with the aim of improving our understanding of the ecology of the White-winged Nightjar Caprimulgus candicans, and providing the information necessary to facilitate conservation efforts on its behalf. In 1998-2001, I studied a population of White-winged Nightjars at Aguará Ñu, an area of cerrado habitats within the Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayù, eastern Paraguay. Over the course of three fieldwork seasons, I captured and ringed a total of 49 nightjars (34 adults and 15 young birds). Young females first bred at approximately one year old, while still in pre-definitive plumage. Young males exhibited a form of delayed plumage maturation, whereby they only attained definitive plumage following a prolonged moult spanning much of their first potential breeding season. No evidence was obtained to suggest that they succeeded in breeding while in this conspicuously intermediate state of moult. Considerable variation was noted in the plumage whiteness of definitive males, but no clear evidence was found for consistent age-related increases in white. During the breeding season, males defended small aggregated display territories, at which they conducted nuptial display flights between late August and early January. Female nightjars were responsible for all the parental care, and apparently visited male display arenas solely to obtain copulations. Chick paternity data confirmed that the study population was polygynous, with patterns of male aggregation suggestive of an exploded lek or 'landmark' mating system. Radio-telemetry studies showed that nightjars utilised home ranges of at least 20 to 40 hectares during the eight to ten months for which they were monitored. Home ranges contained a disproportionately large amount of young campo cerrado vegetation, but no forest or old campo cerrado habitats. When selecting foraging sites within their ranges, nightjars preferred younger and avoided older campo cerrado vegetation; wet grassland was utilised roughly in proportion to its availability. Observed patterns of habitat selection were potentially explained by the greater abundance of insect prey in younger habitats. When selecting daytime roost sites, nightjars preferred vegetation of intermediate age, reflecting their need for a balance between cover and ease of access. A more general analysis of patterns of sexual dimorphism within the Caprimulgidae showed that, although almost 80% of nightjar species exhibit some dimorphism of plumage whiteness, the study species was by far the most extreme case. The striking plumage of the male was partly explained by a strong positive relationship between wing white and openness of breeding habitats within the family. However, this failed to explain the complete absence of white in the female plumage, or the extent of white dimorphism shown by the species. The most likely explanation would appear to be that extreme plumage dimorphism occurred in conjunction with the evolution of polygyny and female-only care in this open-country species. The implications of these findings for the conservation of the White-winged Nightjar are highlighted, and recommendations are proposed for future work and conservation action.

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Kim, Kyoung Jin. "Visitor interpretation and sustainable tourism : a study of the role of interpretation in influencing attitudes and behaviour toward environmental conservation." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/613/.

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Bettiol, Giulia. "An integrated approach for restoration and conservation of cultural heritage structures: history, materials and structural behaviour. The arsenal of Venice." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421621.

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Restoration and conservation of the cultural and architectural heritage is a very complex topic in continuous developing. The issue raises interesting questions about the methodological approach to be followed and the objective from which it must be start for the definition of a correct restoration project. A regulatory-wide are creating and refining of a study procedures by means of the drafting of guidelines which intent is give a methodology and a sensitization at the problem at academic level, of public organs that control the conservation and the protection of the cultural heritage, and at the private technicians that work in this field. In Italy, a “normative effort” has been done by means of the production of technical documents that establish as evaluate the problem with more awareness. The aim is providing at the technicians the Guidelines about restoration of historical heritage. In the international field, from a general point of view, it is possible to refer to the ISCARSAH Recommendations, that give a preliminary approach to the topic. Currently, in this field different approaches are used: (1) a criteria based on the conservation, which puts attention to the form and to the materials of the building but less at the structural components, (2) a technical method that is more interested at the structure but, in many cases, involves over-dimensioned interventions than the real requirements, altering the original form and history of the building. The thesis is included in the current standards requirement and refers to the “Guidelines for evaluation and mitigation of seismic risk of cultural heritage” and the “Recommendations for the analysis, conservation and structural restoration of architectural heritage” ISCARSAH. Based on these documents, the study aims to providing an operative procedure able to balance the two approaches mentioned above. It has been identified a integrated and multi-disciplinary method for the study of cultural heritage, created in function of the currently codes and in respect of the fundamental standard of restoration and conservation. This method was made as generic as possible, without give particular information inherent specific restoration techniques, in such a way that is applicable at all the types of buildings with elevated historical-cultural valence. The methodology was validate through its application to two paradigmatic case studies, both located within the highly historical / sociological / architecture site, the Arsenal of Venice. The case studies are: (1) the “Sala Maggiore at the Sale d’Armi Nord” (Main Room of the North weapons rooms) and (2) the Armstrong Mitchell & Co. hydraulic crane. The choice of the two examples has been dictated by the objective requirements of the Soprintendenza B.A.P. di Venezia e Laguna (local office of the ministry of fine arts responsible for the conservation of the cultural and landscape heritage of Venice and its lagoon), to intervene in these two constructions of great historical and architectural content, which differ in geometry, materials, structural behaviour and intended use.
Il restauro e la conservazione di beni storici è oggi un tema molto discusso ed in fase di evoluzione sia in Italia che all’estero. Il tema pone degli interessanti interrogativi circa la metodologia di approccio da seguire e gli obiettivi dai quali si deve partire per la definizione di un corretto progetto di restauro. A livello normativo si stanno creando e affinando delle procedure di studio mediante la stesura di linee guida che hanno lo scopo di fornire una metodologia e una sensibilizzazione al problema a livello accademico, agli enti pubblici preposti alla conservazione e al restauro, e ai tecnici che lavorano in questo ambito. È infatti in atto un processo di “sforzo normativo” per colmare queste lacune mediante la produzione di documenti tecnici che si prefiggono di valutare il problema con maggior consapevolezza fornendo linee guida per il restauro di beni storici. Attualmente la materia in esame vede due differenti tipi di approccio: da una parte il restauro conservativo, in cui viene data importanza alla forma ed alla materia e meno alla componente strutturale, e dall’altra un criterio più tecnicistico, che pone più riguardo alla struttura ma che, in molti casi, comporta degli interventi più massicci che rischiano di falsare la forma e la storia originaria del bene. La tesi proposta si inserisce nel filone delle richieste normative, dei contenuti tecnici e dei documenti di riferimento quali le Linee Guida per i Beni Culturali e, a livello europeo, le Raccomandazioni ISCARSAH, ed intende fornire una procedura operativa per porsi nel giusto mezzo tra i due approcci sopra citati. Sono stati presi in considerazione vari documenti tecnici di riferimento ed è stato identificato un metodo integrato e mutidisciplinare per lo studio di beni storici, creato in funzione delle attuali normative e nel rispetto dei fondamentali criteri del restauro e della conservazione. Si è voluto rendere tale metodo il più generico possibile, senza fornire particolari informazioni inerenti specifiche tecniche di restauro, in modo tale che sia applicabile ad i vari tipi di beni storici. Per validare tale approccio, la metodologia identificata è stata applicata a due differenti casi studio, entrambi presenti all’interno del sito ad elevato valore storico/sociologico/architettonico quale l’Arsenale di Venezia, che si differenziano tra loro per materiali, destinazioni d’uso e comportamento strutturale: la Sala Maggiore delle Sale d’Armi Nord e la gru idraulica Armstrong, Mitchell & Co. La scelta dei due casi studio è stata dettata da concrete esigenze della Soprintendenza B.A.P di Venezia e Laguna di recuperare i due beni riportandoli alla loro configurazione originaria sia materica che strutturale.

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Blackwell, Sally Frances. "Electricity conservation in context : a mixed methods study of residential conservation behaviour during an electricity shortage in New Zealand : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1098.

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Monsalve, Pasapera Sandra. "Habitat Utilization of the Endemic Poison Dart Frog Excidobates mysteriosus in North-western Peru." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71227.

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The worldwide amphibian diversity is severely threatened, mainly due to deforestation. Lack of sufficient knowledge for species conservation is common. This is the first detailed study of the poison dart frog Excidobates mysteriosus including habitat requirements, occupancy patterns and behaviours. It is known only from one location in north-western Peru, living in Bromeliaceae plant species. The frogs and tadpoles were found in two unidentified Bromeliaceae species; Bromeliad Species 1 and Bromeliad Species 2. Bromeliad quality variables were evaluated for habitat requirements, behavioural recordings were performed ad libitum and catching-and-release with photographingof frogs for monitoring dispersals. Results show that for Bromeliad Species 1 significantly more frogs were present in bromeliads that were wider, received less sun exposure, had deeper water cavities and in bromeliads growing on lower altitudes. For Bromeliad Species 2 deeper water cavities had a significant effect on presence of frogs. In both bromeliad species higher presence of tadpoles were found in plants that were wider and had deeper water cavities. The density of bromeliads had no effect on frog or tadpole occupancy for neither bromeliad species. The dispersal, feeding and tadpole release behaviours are reported. Individual frogs were found to disperse 0-113m. The total number of encountered frogs was 1006 and 86 tadpoles, most of them found in three core areas. These areas should be targeted for conservation management and monitoring, diminishing the high deforestation pressure which saves old-growth forests and thereby as well the preferred wider bromeliads containing deeper water cavities and the biggest frog populations.

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Wilson, Lee-Ann Margaret. "A cross-discipline and collaborative approach to identifying the predictors of environmentally friendly and health protective behaviour." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63940/1/Lee-Ann_Wilson_Thesis.pdf.

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Background. As a society, our interaction with the environment is having a negative impact on human health. For example, an increase in car use for short trips, over walking or cycling, has contributed to an increase in obesity, diabetes and poor heart health and also contributes to pollution, which is associated with asthma and other respiratory diseases. In order to change the nature of that interaction, to be more positive and healthy, it is recommended that individuals adopt a range of environmentally friendly behaviours (such as walking for transport and reducing the use of plastics). Effective interventions aimed at increasing such behaviours will need to be evidence based and there is a need for the rapid communication of information from the point of research, into policy and practice. Further, a number of health disciplines, including psychology and public health, share a common mission to promote health and well-being. Therefore, the objective of this project is to take a cross-discipline and collaborative approach to reveal psychological mechanisms driving environmentally friendly behaviour. This objective is further divided into three broad aims, the first of which is to take a cross-discipline and collaborative approach to research. The second aim is to explore and identify the salient beliefs which most strongly predict environmentally friendly behaviour. The third aim is to build an augmented model to explain environmentally friendly behaviour. The thesis builds on the understanding that an interdisciplinary collaborative approach will facilitate the rapid transfer of knowledge to inform behaviour change interventions. Methods. The application of this approach involved two surveys which explored the psycho-social predictors of environmentally friendly behaviour. Following a qualitative pilot study, and in collaboration with an expert panel comprising academics, industry professionals and government representatives, a self-administered, Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) based, mail survey was distributed to a random sample of 3000 residents of Brisbane and Moreton Bay Region (Queensland, Australia). This survey explored specific beliefs including attitudes, norms, perceived control, intention and behaviour, as well as environmental altruism and green identity, in relation to walking for transport and switching off lights when not in use. Following analysis of the mail survey data and based on feedback from participants and key stakeholders, an internet survey was employed (N=451) to explore two additional behaviours, switching off appliances at the wall when not in use, and shopping with reusable bags. This work is presented as a series of interrelated publications which address each of the research aims. Presentation of Findings. Chapter five of this thesis consists of a published paper which addresses the first aim of the research and outlines the collaborative and multidisciplinary approach employed in the mail survey. The paper argued that forging alliances with those who are in a position to immediately utilise the findings of research has the potential to improve the quality and timely communication of research. Illustrating this timely communication, Chapter six comprises a report presented to Moreton Bay Regional Council (MBRC). This report addresses aim's one and two. The report contains a summary of participation in a range of environmentally friendly behaviours and identifies the beliefs which most strongly predicted walking for transport and switching off lights (from the mail survey). These salient beliefs were then recommended as targets for interventions and included: participants believing that they might save money; that their neighbours also switch off lights; that it would be inconvenient to walk for transport and that their closest friend also walks for transport. Chapter seven also addresses the second aim and presents a published conference paper in which the salient beliefs predicting the four specified behaviours (from both surveys) are identified and potential applications for intervention are discussed. Again, a range of TPB based beliefs, including descriptive normative beliefs, were predictive of environmentally friendly behaviour. This paper was also provided to MBRC, along with recommendations for applying the findings. For example, as descriptive normative beliefs were consistently correlated with environmentally friendly behaviour, local councils could engage in marketing and interventions (workshops, letter box drops, internet promotions) which encourage parents and friends to model, rather than simply encourage, environmentally friendly behaviour. The final two papers, presented in Chapters eight and nine, addresses the third aim of the project. These papers each present two behaviours together to inform a TPB based theoretical model with which to predict environmentally friendly behaviour. A generalised model is presented, which is found to predict the four specific behaviours under investigation. The role of demographics was explored across each of the behaviour specific models. It was found that some behaviour's differ by age, gender, income or education. In particular, adjusted models predicted more of the variance in walking for transport amongst younger participants and females. Adjusted models predicted more variance in switching off lights amongst those with a bachelor degree or higher and predicted more variance in switching off appliances amongst those on a higher income. Adjusted models predicted more variance in shopping with reusable bags for males, people 40 years or older, those on a higher income and those with a bachelor degree or higher. However, model structure and general predictability was relatively consistent overall. The models provide a general theoretical framework from which to better understand the motives and predictors of environmentally friendly behaviour. Conclusion. This research has provided an example of the benefits of a collaborative interdisciplinary approach. It has identified a number of salient beliefs which can be targeted for social marketing campaigns and educational initiatives; and these findings, along with recommendations, have been passed on to a local council to be used as part of their ongoing community engagement programs. Finally, the research has informed a practical model, as well as behaviour specific models, for predicting sustainable living behaviours. Such models can highlight important core constructs from which targeted interventions can be designed. Therefore, this research represents an important step in undertaking collaborative approaches to improving population health through human-environment interactions.

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47

Haupt, Moritz. "Flexibility in habitat use, flight behaviour and echolocation of the northern bat, Eptesicus nilssonii and consequences for its conservation in Central Europe." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976199335.

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Hallgren, Lars. "I djupet av ett vattendrag : om konflikt och samverkan vid naturresurshantering = In the depth of a watershed : on conflict and collaboration in natural resource management /." Uppsala : Dept. of Landscape Planning, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a379.pdf.

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Mattsson, Mårten. "Markägare i Stockholms län och deras inställning till biodiversitet och skydd av mark /." Umeå : Institutionen för skoglig resurshushållning och geomatik, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/9717170.pdf.

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Strydom, Wilma Fernanda. "The impact of State-Of-Rivers Reporting on people’s attitudes towards river conservation : a case study of the Buffalo and Hartenbos & Klein Brak Catchments in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4509.

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Thesis (MSc (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During 2007, two evidence-based studies were undertaken in two catchment areas in South Africa. The first study ascertained the relationships between demographic attributes and general awareness, human impacts, attitudes and water use behaviour. The second study determined whether or not State-of-River (SoR) materials developed for foundation phase learners (grades 1 to 3) improved their understanding of and influenced their attitudes towards river conservation. Surveys were conducted amongst learners (n=1178) and parents (n=1144) from different cultures and socio-economic backgrounds. Questionnaires were available in three languages, namely English, isiXhosa and Afrikaans. The SoR reporting materials were not adequately distributed. The first study could therefore not ascertain whether increased awareness or attitudinal and behavioural changes could be ascribed to SoR reporting in the catchments. The majority of respondents (82%) indicated that there was a need for more information on rivers and 60% of the respondents indicated that they would participate in a follow-up survey. Thirty percent of respondents from the Buffalo catchment and 22% of respondents from the Hartenbos and Klein Brak catchment indicated that they use water very sparingly. Respondents from urban areas scored higher in their attitudes towards river conservation and were more aware of water issues than those from rural areas. Both attitudinal and awareness scores did not align with water use behaviour, with rural respondents using water more sparingly. Attitude and awareness improved with increased education levels. Respondents who indicated that they would rather pay more for water than change their water use behaviour showed the lowest score for attitude towards river conservation. Learners from the Buffalo rural area showed a significant increase in understanding the benefits that healthy rivers provide, and this can be ascribed to the distributed SoR activity book and poster. A survey consisting of quantitative and qualitative items, as well as participatory evaluations determined learners’ level of understanding of human impacts on rivers. The quantitative study showed learners from the Hartenbos and Klein Brak area as well as the Buffalo rural area improved the most over time. The qualitative items showed a 35% and 40% increase in the number of correctly listed items as either making a river happy (healthy) or sad (unhealthy) after exposure to SoR materials. Respondents from both catchments taking part in the participatory evaluations displayed an overall increase in their understanding of good practices, as well as the negative impact of human activities on rivers. Those learners that scored low in the participatory evaluations at time 1 showed the most improvement over time, concluding that those learners who knew the least at the start of the study, gained the most understanding of human impacts on rivers. All schools in the Hartenbos and Klein Brak catchment, with the exception of one, showed a slight increase in understanding of human impacts on rivers. Results from the schools in the Buffalo catchment were more variable. Data gathered demonstrated that the SoR materials helped learners to better understand benefits from clean rivers as well as human impact on rivers. Although the learners from urban areas had a better understanding of the concept of river conservation before contact with the SoR materials, learners from the rural areas showed the most improvement over time. There was an increase in the number of learners that showed a willingness to take responsibility for their actions that could impact on river health. Far more learners mentioned remediation types of actions than protection or preventative actions. A change in peoples’ attitudes and behaviour is needed to ensure adequate protection of South Africa’s natural water resources. Imprinting values and perceptions that would last into adulthood need intervention at an early age and throughout children’s’ formative years.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende 2007, twee bewysgebaseerde ondersoeke is in twee wateropvangsgebiede in Suid Afrika gedoen. Die eerste studie was gerig op die bepaling van die verband tussen demografiese kenmerke, algemene bewustheid, menslike impak, houdings en waterverbruik. Die tweede studie het bepaal of die Stand-van-Rivier (SvR) inligtingsmateriaal wat vir grondslagfase leerlinge (graad 1 tot 3) ontwikkel is, bygedra het tot hulle begrip van en houding jeens die bewaring van riviere. Steekproeftrekkings het leerlinge (n=1178) en ouers (n=1144) vanuit verskillende kultuur- en sosioekonomiese agtergronde betrek. Vraelyste was in drie landstale naamlik Engels, Xhosa en Afrikaans beskikbaar. Die SvR kommunikasie material is nie toereikend versprei nie. Die eerste studie kon derhalwe nie bepaal of groter bewustheid of veranderings in houding en gedrag in hierdie opvangsgebiede aan die SvR verslaggewing toegeskryf kon word nie. Die meerderheid respondente (82%) het aangedui dat daar ‘n tekort and rivierinligting is en 60% van die respondente het hulself bereidwillig verklaar om aan ’n opvolgstudie deel te neem. Dertig persent van die respondente uit die Buffels- en 22% uit die Hartenbos- en Klein Brak-opvangsgebiede het aangedui dat hulle water spaarsamig gebruik. Respondente afkomstig van stedelike gebiede het beter rivierbewaringshoudings getoon en was meer bewus van wateraangeleenthede as die van landelike gebiede. Houdings en bewustheids-vlakke het nie ooreengestem met waterverbruik nie – landelike respondente gebruik water meer spaarsamig. Beide houdings en algemene bewustheid het toegeneem met hoër onderwysvlakke. Respondente wat aangedui het dat hulle eerder meer vir water sal betaal as om hulle verbruik te verminder, het die swakste houding jeens die bewaring van riviere getoon. Leerlinge uit die landelike gebiede van die Buffels opvangsgebied het groter begrip getoon vir die voordele wat gesonde riviere inhou, en dit kan toegeskryf word aan die aktiwiteitsboek en SvR plakkaat wat onder hulle versprei is. ‘n Steekproef bestaande uit kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe items, sowel as deelnemende evaluasies is gebruik om leerlinge se vlak van begrip van menslike impak op riviere te bepaal. Die kwantitatiewe studie het aangedui dat die begrip van leerlinge van die Hartenbos en Klein Brak sowel as die van die landelike Buffelsrivieropvangsgebiede oor tyd die meeste toegeneem het. Op die vraag wat riviere gelukkig (gesond) of hartseer (ongesond) maak, het die kwalitatiewe items, na blootstelling van die leerders aan die SvR materiaal, ‘n toename van 35% en 40% in korrekte antwoorde getoon. In die deelnemende evaluasie het respondente van beide opvangsgebiede ‘n toename in begrip van goeie praktyke sowel as die negatiewe impak van menslike aktiwiteite op riviere getoon. Leerlinge wat swak gevaar het in die deelnemende evaluasie gedurende die eerste rondte het die meeste vordering getoon. Die gevolgtrekking is dus dat leerlinge wat die minste geweet het aan die begin van die studie, die meeste geleer het oor menslike impak op riviere. Op een na, het alle skole in die Hartenbos- en Klein Brakrivieropvangsgebied ‘n geringe verhoging in begrip van menslike impak op riviere getoon. Resultate van skole uit die Buffelsopvangsgebied het meer gevarieer. Data versamel het gedemonstreer dat die gebruik van die aktiwiteitsboek en plakkate gelei het tot ’n beter begrip by leerders van die voordele van skoon riviere asook van menslike impak op riviere. Alhoewel die leerlinge van stedelike gebiede beter begrip getoon het oor rivierbewaring voor kontak met die SvR material, het die landelike leerlinge die grootste toename in begrip oor die verloop van die studie getoon. Daar was ook ‘n toename in die aantal leerlinge wat bereid was om verantwoordelikheid vir hulle aktiwiteite wat ‘n impak op riviergesondheid kon hê, te aanvaar. Veel meer leerlinge het tydens die tweede fase verwys na herstel eerder as beskermings of voorkomende gedrag. ’n Verandering in mense se houdings en gedrag is noodsaaklik om genoegsame bewaring van Suid Afrika se natuurlike waterhulpbronne te verseker. Waarde sisteme en persepsies wat met volwassewording steeds geldig sal wees, word reeds teen ’n vroeë ouderdom, gedurende kinders se vormingsjare, vasgelê.

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Дисертації з теми "Behaviour and Conservation"

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