Дисертації з теми "Behavioral thresholds"
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1
Harris, Frances Pauline. "Distortion-product emissions and pure-tone behavioral thresholds." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184483.
Анотація:
Distortion-product emissions (DPEs) are tonal responses that may be detected in the ear canal when the ear is stimulated simultaneously by two tones that are closely spaced in frequency. In experimental animals, DPEs are reduced in amplitude or are eliminated when cochlear function is disrupted. This association has not been investigated in human subjects. This study was designed to investigate the relation of cochlear status, as determined by pure-tone behavioral thresholds, to DPE amplitude in human subjects. Forty men were selected as subjects. Twenty had normal hearing and 20 had high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Pure-tone behavioral thresholds were determined using conventional audiometric procedures for eight frequencies from 750 to 8000 Hz. DPEs were generated in the test ear of each subject by stimulating the ear with two tones, f1 and f2. The stimuli were selected to approximate audiometric test frequencies. Responses were detected by a sensitive microphone that was placed in the ear canal and were extracted by spectral analysis. Results of the study indicated that DPE amplitude was associated with pure-tone threshold. When audiometric threshold was ≤10 dB HL, DPEs could be elicited at all test frequencies for 98% of subjects in both groups. Mean maximum emission amplitude ranged from 3 to 13 dB SPL across frequency. When pure-tone threshold was above 50 dB HL, DPEs were absent or were significantly attenuated. DPEs varied in amplitude when audiometric threshold was between these two extremes. The association of DPE amplitude were pure-tone threshold was frequency specific. DPE amplitude was maximal when pure-tone thresholds were ≤10 dB HL and decreased as pure-tone behavioral threshold increased in the same subject. Repetition of the DPE protocol with five subjects from each group during separate test sessions indicated that the results were reliable over time. Results of the study have clinical implications. The technique may have potential as a noninvasive means of monitoring the status of the cochlea in human subjects.
2
Carbajal, M. Sandra. "Effects of moderate-level sound exposure on behavioral thresholds in chinchillas." Thesis, Purdue University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1597604.
Анотація:
Normal audiometric thresholds following noise exposure have generally been considered as an indication of a recovered cochlea and intact peripheral auditory system, yet recent animal work has challenged this classic assumption. Moderately noise-exposed animals have been shown to have permanent loss of synapses on inner hair cells (IHCs) and permanent damage to auditory nerve fibers (ANFs), specifically the low-spontaneous rate fibers (low-SR), despite normal electrophysiological thresholds. Loss of cochlear synapses, known as cochlear synaptopathy, disrupts auditory-nerve signaling, which may result in perceptual speech deficits in noise despite normal audiometric thresholds. Perceptual deficit studies in humans have shown evidence consistent with the idea of cochlear synaptopathy. To date, there has been no direct evidence linking cochlear synaptopathy and perceptual deficits. Our research aims to develop a cochlear synaptopathy model in chinchilla, similar to previously established mouse and guinea pig models, to provide a model in which the effects of cochlear synaptopathy on behavioral and physiological measures of low-frequency temporal coding can be explored.
Positive-reinforcement operant-conditioning was used to train animals to perform auditory detection behavioral tasks for four frequencies: 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Our goal was to evaluate the detection abilities of chinchillas for tone-in-noise and sinusoidal amplitude modulated (SAM) tone behavioral tasks, which are tasks thought to rely on low-SR ANFs for encoding. Testing was performed before and after exposure to an octave-band noise exposure centered at 1 kHz for 2 hours at 98.5 dB SPL. This noise exposure produced the synaptopathy phenotype in naïve chinchillas, based on auditory-brainstem responses (ABRs), otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and histological analyses. Threshold shift and inferred synaptopathy was determined from ABR and OAE measures in our behavioral animals.
Overall, we have shown that chinchillas, similar to mice and guinea pigs, can display cochlear synaptopathy phenotype following moderate-level sound exposure. This finding was seen in naïve exposed chinchillas, but our results suggest the susceptibility to noise can vary between naïve and behavioral cohorts because minimal physiological evidence for synaptopathy was observed in the behavioral group. Hearing sensitivity determined by a tone-in-quiet behavioral task on normal hearing chinchillas followed trends reported previously, and supported the lack of permanent threshold shift following moderate noise exposure. As we expected, thresholds determined in a tone-in-noise behavioral task were higher than thresholds measured in quiet. Behavioral thresholds measured in noise after moderate noise exposure did not show threshold shifts relative to pre-exposure thresholds in noise. As expected, chinchillas were more sensitive at detecting fully modulated SAM-tone signals than less modulated, with individual modulation depth thresholds falling within previously reported mammalian ranges.
Although we have only been able to confirm cochlear synaptopathy in pilot assays with naïve animals so far (i.e., not in the pilot behavioral animals), this project has developed an awake protocol for moderate-level noise exposure, an extension to our lab’s previous experience with high-level permanent damage noise exposure under anesthesia. Also, we successfully established chinchilla behavioral training and testing protocols on several auditory tasks, a new methodology to our laboratory, which we hope will ultimately allow us to identify changes in auditory perception resulting from moderate-level noise exposure.
3
Lee, Jennifer Elizabeth. "Comparison of Auditory Thresholds Obtained with a Conditioned and an Unconditioned Response." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1325738685.
4
Kelly, John Kip. "Estimation of Behavioral Thresholds in Normal Hearing Listeners Using Auditory Steady State Responses." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1237559225.
5
Palestro, James J. "Some Tasks' Demands Require Collapsing Bounds: Evidence from a Behavioral Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1514901294586086.
6
Kelly, J. Kip. "Estimation of behavioral hearing thresholds in normal hearing listeners using auditory steady state responses." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1237559225.
7
El, Assad Meryem. "Trois études autour des annonces groupées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILD001.
Анотація:
L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le contexte dans lequel les entreprises américaines procèdent à des annonces groupées de résultats et les ressorts psychologiques sur lesquels elles s'appuient. Le premier chapitre explore des hypothèses alternatives sur les raisons pour lesquelles les managers regroupent les annonces de résultats en se basant sur les théories de la finance comportementale. En particulier, nous utilisons des idées dérivées de la théorie des perspectives et de la comptabilité mentale, et nous les mettons en relation avec les stratégies de communication. Nos résultats indiquent que les dirigeants ont tendance à regrouper des nouvelles de signes contradictoires afin de compenser l'effet négatif des mauvaises nouvelles et de réduire la pénalisation du marché. Après avoir examiné l'hypothèse des théories de la finance comportementale, nous menons une étude d'événement pour déterminer si les entreprises publient stratégiquement des annonces de bénéfices groupées pour exploiter l'inattention des investisseurs. Nous constatons que les réactions du marché sont similaires pour les annonces de résultats groupés et les annonces de résultats isolés. Le deuxième chapitre est basé sur la relation entre la stratégie de regroupement et les seuils comportementaux. En particulier, nous soutenons que les dirigeants ont tendance à regrouper stratégiquement les annonces de résultats avec d'autres informations afin d'éviter les conséquences décevantes d'un manquement aux seuils de résultats. Nos résultats indiquent que les entreprises dont les bénéfices dépassent de peu les attentes des analystes sont plus susceptibles de regrouper les annonces de bénéfices. En revanche, les entreprises dont les bénéfices sont les plus et les moins surprenants regroupent moins leurs annonces de bénéfices. Le troisième essai examine la relation entre les caractéristiques du dirigeant et la stratégie de regroupement des annonces de résultats. Nous soutenons que le dirigeant est impliqué dans la prise de décision concernant les annonces groupées. Plus précisément, nous examinons l'excès de confiance, l'âge, le sexe, la durée du mandat et la dualité du dirigeant pour expliquer la décision stratégique de publier des informations simultanées avec les annonces de résultats. Nous constatons que l'excès de confiance du dirigeant est associé à la décision de regrouper les annonces de résultats. En outre, la probabilité de regrouper les informations sur les bénéfices augmente, en général, si l'entreprise a publié une information groupée au cours de l'année précédente. Le regroupement est également positivement associé à la moyenne des nouvelles regroupées dans le même secteurThe purpose of this thesis is to study the context in which US firms carry out bundled announcements of earnings and the psychological springs on which they rely. The first chapter explores alternative hypothesis about why managers bundled earnings announcements based on behavioral finance theories. Specially, we use ideas deriving from the prospect theory and mental accounting, and relates them to disclosures strategies. Our results indicate that managers tend to bundle news of conflicting signs to offset the negative effect of the bad news and reduce the market penalization. After investigating the hypothesis of behavioral finance theories, we conduct an event study to examine whether firms strategically release bundled earnings announcements to exploit investors’ inattention. We find similar return reactions to bundled and non-bundled earnings announcements. The second chapter is based on the relation between the bundling strategy and the behavioral thresholds. Specially, we argue that managers tend to strategically bundle the earnings announcements with other disclosures to avoid the disappointing consequences of missing the earnings thresholds. Our results indicate that firms with earnings that just exceed the analysts’ expectations are more likely to bundle earnings announcements. In contrast, firms with the highest and lowest earnings surprises bundle less their earnings announcements. The third essay examines the relationship of the CEO characteristics and the bundling strategy of earnings announcements. We argue that the CEO is engaged in decision making of bundled announcements. Specifically, we examine the CEO’s overconfidence, age, gender, tenure, and duality in explaining the strategic decision of releasing concurrent information with earnings announcements. We find that CEO overconfidence is associated with the decision of bundling earnings news. Moreover, the probability of bundling earnings news increases, in general, if the firm issued a bundled news in the last year. The bundling is also positively associated with the average of bundled news in the same industry
8
Kuhlman, Christopher James. "Generalizations of Threshold Graph Dynamical Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76765.
Анотація:
Dynamics of social processes in populations, such as the spread of emotions, influence, language, mass movements, and warfare (often referred to individually and collectively as contagions), are increasingly studied because of their social, political, and economic impacts. Discrete dynamical systems (discrete in time and discrete in agent states) are often used to quantify contagion propagation in populations that are cast as graphs, where vertices represent agents and edges represent agent interactions. We refer to such formulations as graph dynamical systems. For social applications, threshold models are used extensively for agent state transition rules (i.e., for vertex functions). In its simplest form, each agent can be in one of two states (state 0 (1) means that an agent does not (does) possess a contagion), and an agent contracts a contagion if at least a threshold number of its distance-1 neighbors already possess it. The transition to state 0 is not permitted. In this study, we extend threshold models in three ways. First, we allow transitions to states 0 and 1, and we study the long-term dynamics of these bithreshold systems, wherein there are two distinct thresholds for each vertex; one governing each of the transitions to states 0 and 1. Second, we extend the model from a binary vertex state set to an arbitrary number r of states, and allow transitions between every pair of states. Third, we analyze a recent hierarchical model from the literature where inputs to vertex functions take into account subgraphs induced on the distance-1 neighbors of a vertex. We state, prove, and analyze conditions characterizing long-term dynamics of all of these models.Master of Science
9
Heiden, Marina. "Psychophysiological reactions to experimental stress : relations to pain sensitivity, position sense and stress perception." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-879.
10
Osugi, Mizuho. "Measuring Auditory Thresholds in Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus Vulpecula)." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2422.
Анотація:
A total of 9 brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were trained to perform a two-manipulanda, conditional discrimination task. The possums learned to press a right lever in the presence of a tone (80 dB(A)) during tone-on trials, and a left lever in the absence of the tone on tone-off trials. Overall sessions of 11 conditions contained tone frequency between 100 Hz and 35 kHz were tested. Each condition contained training and then probe sessions. In training sessions, the possums were presented with tone-on and tone-off trials, pseudo-randomly. Once the possums responded with over 90% accuracy for five consecutive sessions, then probe sessions were introduced. Probe sessions were similar to the training sessions, except that the tone intensity for tone-on trials was reduced by 8 dB(A) across blocks of 20 trials until their response accuracy in a block fall below 60% or reached 24 dB(A). Data were analysed using overall percentages correct and log d analysis. Both measures indicated that overall response accuracy decreased for all possum as tone intensity reduced. Based on these data analyses, threshold values were calculated using the criterions at 75% correct and a log d of 0.48. The threshold values for each possum and across all possums were plotted as a function of the tone frequency to produce an audiogram. A curvilinear regression was fitted for each threshold values. The functions of both measures were very similar. Both audiograms showed that the possums could hear the tones between 100 Hz and 35 kHz, and were most sensitive to tones between 15 and 20 kHz. This experiment involved many difficulties with producing and measuring tones especially outside of human hearing range. Due to these difficulties, several problems and concerns were raised during the experiment, these were discussed in this study and also recommendations for future research were then presented.
11
Sukop, Michael C. "POROSITY, PERCOLATION THRESHOLDS, AND WATER RETENTION BEHAVIOR OF RANDOM FRACTAL POROUS MEDIA." UKnowledge, 2001. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/459.
Анотація:
Fractals are a relatively recent development in mathematics that show promise as a foundation for models of complex systems like natural porous media. One important issue that has not been thoroughly explored is the affect of different algorithms commonly used to generate random fractal porous media on their properties and processes within them. The heterogeneous method can lead to large, uncontrolled variations in porosity. It is proposed that use of the homogeneous algorithm might lead to more reproducible applications. Computer codes that will make it easier for researchers to experiment with fractal models are provided. In Chapter 2, the application of percolation theory and fractal modeling to porous media are combined to investigate percolation in prefractal porous media. Percolation thresholds are estimated for the pore space of homogeneous random 2-dimensional prefractals as a function of the fractal scale invariance ratio b and iteration level i. Percolation in prefractals occurs through large pores connected by small pores. The thresholds increased beyond the 0.5927 porosity expected in Bernoulli (uncorrelated) networks. The thresholds increase with both b (a finite size effect) and i. The results allow the prediction of the onset of percolation in models of prefractal porous media. Only a limited range of parameters has been explored, but extrapolations allow the critical fractal dimension to be estimated for many b and i values. Extrapolation to infinite iterations suggests there may be a critical fractal dimension of the solid at which the pore space percolates. The extrapolated value is close to 1.89 -- the well-known fractal dimension of percolation clusters in 2-dimensional Bernoulli networks. The results of Chapters 1 and 2 are synthesized in an application to soil water retention in Chapter 3.
12
Zytnicki, Jérémy. "L'irréversible violence ou la psychanalyse des seuils." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7071.
Анотація:
Cette recherche tente de rattacher les notions de violence, de saturation et de seuil. Elle a pour but de mettre en place une méthode qui facilite l’évaluation de l’augmentation de la saturation par l’identification des « seuils de saturation » qui précèdent le déclenchement de la violence. Ces différents seuils peuvent être étudiés à travers trois indicateurs spécifiques : les mécanismes de défense, les comportements et les types de rapport à l’objet. Chacun d’entre eux, produit des transformations significatives durant les augmentations de la saturation sur lesquelles nous pouvons nous appuyer pour identifier les différents passages d’un seuil à un autre. L’hypothèse de cette recherche postule donc qu’en évoluant vers des seuils de plus en plus élevés, la saturation se dirige indéfectiblement vers la violence qui n’est alors plus envisagée comme une réaction impulsive et imprévisible mais comme le résultat d’une réduction progressive de la « liberté comportementale ». J’appelle liberté comportementale, non pas uniquement la diminution des comportements vers un comportement unique mais également la limitation des mécanismes de défense, du comportement et des types de rapport à l’objet à une seule forme d’expression. Cette recherche a été élaborée à partir de l’étude de personnes autistes et d’adolescents saturés non autistes et sur une méthode d’identification des seuils de saturation qui s’effectue en trois temps : un premier temps d’élaboration clinique permettant de comprendre les mécanismes qui sous-tendent la saturation ainsi que ses différents enjeux, un deuxième temps de classification des mécanismes de défense, des comportements et des différents types de rapport à l’objet, et un troisième temps qui cherche à mettre en place un outil d’évaluation clinique dans un but de recherche, d’accompagnement et de préventionResearch attempts to relate the notions of violence, saturation and threshold. It aims to put in place a method that facilitates the assessment of the increase in saturation by identifying the "saturation thresholds" that precede the onset of violence.These different thresholds can be studied through three specific indicators: defense mechanisms, behaviors and types of relationship to the object. Each one of them produces significant transformations during the increases of saturation on which we can rely to identify the different passages from one threshold to another. The hypothesis of this research therefore postulates that, moving towards increasingly higher thresholds, saturation is indelibly directed towards violence, which is no longer considered as an impulsive and unpredictable reaction but as the result of a progressive reduction of the "behavioral freedom".I call behavioral freedom, not only the reduction of behaviors towards a single behavior but also the limitation of defense mechanisms, behavior and types of relationship to the object to a single form of expression. This research was developed from the study of autistic people and saturated non-autistic adolescents and a method of identifying saturation thresholds that is carried out in three stages: a first stage of clinical development to understand the mechanisms underlying the saturation and its various issues, a second stage of classification of the defense mechanisms, behaviors and different types of relationship to the object, and a third stage which seeks to set up a tool for clinical evaluation
13
Smith, Jr James A. "DEGREES OF AUTHENTICITY AT WORK: REFUTING THE EITHER/OR PARADIGM." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/598407.
Анотація:
Business Administration/Human Resource ManagementD.B.A.
Some would argue that authenticity is a characteristic that is encouraged by managers and leaders in the workplace. But what does it mean to be “authentic” at work today? Does it mean bringing your “whole self” to work every day? And do people want to do that? Should they? And are there limits to their authentic expression? To better understand the concept of authenticity in the workplace, two studies (one qualitative – semi-structured interviews and one quantitative – an online survey) were conducted with managers and non-managers from diverse industries (e.g., financial services, pharmaceutical, residential/corporate moving, energy, utilities, and telecommunications/mass media). Preliminary analysis revealed diverse definitions of workplace authenticity, shedding light on a complex, conceptual landscape. In addition, results indicated a limited range in which employees feel they can express authenticity (demarcated by self and other-imposed “thresholds”), suggesting both individual and organizational factors contribute to one’s ability and willingness to express oneself authentically at work. The goal of this research is to examine existing beliefs regarding authentic expression at work and provide insights to assist future “authenticity at work” research. Specifically, this research seeks to: (1) define a meaning for authenticity at work today; (2) determine what hinders and what helps authentic expression; (3) determine the range for authentic expression at work; (4) explore why authenticity is viewed as an either/or experience, rather than as more or less; and examine how authentic expression affects certain workplace outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job performance). I conclude this research with a post hoc event analysis/deconstruction to illustrate what can happen when a person’s authentic expression crosses an impropriety threshold. Keywords authenticity, support, expression, management, culture, threshold, privilege
Temple University--Theses
14
Klassen, Mark E., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Risk-sensitive foraging in rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus Rufus) : a test of the twin-threshold model." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/264.
Анотація:
I tested the twin-threshold model, a risk-sensitive foraging model incorporating both a starvation threshold and a higher reproductive threshold. The model predicts risk-adverse foraging when an animal's energy state is close to the starvation threshold and risk-prone foraging when the animal's energy state is close to the reproductive threshold. Wild rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) were presented with a choice of three artificial flower types that had either no, moderate or high variability around a common mean. I manipulated energy state by changing either the mean nectar volume or altering the cost of foraging (long versus short corollas). When the energy state of hummingbirds was close to the reproductive threshold they preferred the variable options. When the energy state of hummingbirds was close to the starvation threshold they preferred the nil option. Hummingbirds responded in a manner consistent with the twin-threshold model.x, 90 leaves ; 29 cm.
15
McGinnis, Amanda Anne. "Effects of menstrual cycle phases and dietary behavior on threshold and preference for sucrose." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54379.
Анотація:
The effects of menstrual cycle (MC) phases (post-menses, premenses, and menses) and dietary behavior (Normal (N), Restrainer (R), and Restrainer/Disinhibitor (RD)) on women's thresholds and preferences for sucrose solutions was investigated. MC phase was determined using both daily temperature readings and days of menses. Dietary group was assigned on the basis of women's responses to the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (Stunkard and Messick, 1985). Women reported for sensory testing every third day for five weeks following a two-week training phase. Each evening subjects filled out a questionnaire to assess their overall daily fluctuations in total consumption; cravings for sweets; mood (feeling good, happy, and tired); pain (menstrual and other discomfort); metabolic need for energy (hunger, and fatigue); and stress. The results indicated that threshold did not vary due to MC phase (p = 0.9118), dietary behavior (p = 0.4037), or the interaction of these two variables (p = 0.2940). Preference for sucrose fluctuated as a result of MC phase only (p = 0.0441). Of the variables assessed daily, only "other discomfort" (p = 0.0486), "feeling good" (p = 0.0091), and "feeling hungry" (p = 0.0944) correlated with preference for sucrose. However, these correlations did not relate with MC phase clearly, indicating preference is not the manifestation of these theorized causes of MC distress. In general this study does not support the negative mood, or increased metabolic need for energy theory of MC distress. The theory of a decreased pain threshold found some support. The theory implicating dietary behavior in the development of MC distress symptoms was significantly supported. The fact MC phases have been implicated in the perpetuation of eating disorders implies the need for a counseling approach for the women most significantly affected, i.e. the R/D group.Master of Science
16
Casey, Kelly-Ann. "Comparisons of auditory steady-state response and behavioural air- and bone-conduction thresholds in infants and adults with normal hearing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42374.
Анотація:
To improve our understanding of normal responses in infants, the present study compares air-conduction (AC) and bone-conduction (BC) auditory thresholds using both the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) and behavioural testing methods in normal-hearing infants (6-18 months of age) and adults. There are no correction factors available for estimating BC behavioural thresholds; this is a limiting factor to clinical implementation of the ASSR. Additionally, previous studies have reported that ASSR and visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) thresholds (in dB HL) to air- and bone-conducted stimuli have different frequency-dependent trends and suggest that infants present with an air-bone gap that is not attributable to a conductive pathology; however, this relationship has not been assessed directly. The objectives of the present study are: (i) to compare BC thresholds between methods and provide the initial step towards positing correction factors to predict BC behavioural thresholds and; (ii) to directly compare AC and BC thresholds to provide a more accurate estimation of the maturational ABG.
Thresholds were estimated at 500–4000 Hz using AM² stimuli for ASSRs and warbled-tone stimuli for behavioural testing. The results indicated that BC thresholds were, on average, 7–16 dB poorer for ASSR compared to VRA, but varied largely across infants. As expected for the ASSR, frequency-dependent differences in BC sensitivity were found— the 500- and 1000-Hz thresholds were better than the 2000-Hz threshold. For AC ASSR, the 500-Hz thresholds were higher than the other frequencies. There was a tendency for infant and adult ASSR thresholds to differ for BC, but not for AC. Behavioural thresholds for AC and BC were similar between infants and adults and across frequency. The results support the presence of a clinically significant maturational ABG (14 and 17 dB) in the low frequencies for infant ASSRs. The infant behavioural ABG also appeared at 500 Hz, as was posited by Hulecki and Small (2011), but was too small to be practically significant. Clinical consideration of the maturational ABG seems warranted when using ASSRs, but not for VRA. The results also provided preliminary normal levels for AC and BC ASSRs to AM² stimuli.
17
Mugisha, Dieudonne Manzi. "Exploiting Application Behaviors for Resilient Static Random Access Memory Arrays in the Near-Threshold Computing Regime." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4550.
Анотація:
Near-Threshold Computing embodies an intriguing choice for mobile processors due to the promise of superior energy efficiency, extending the battery life of these devices while reducing the peak power draw. However, process, voltage, and temperature variations cause a significantly high failure rate of Level One cache cells in the near-threshold regime a stark contrast to designs in the super-threshold regime, where fault sites are rare.
This thesis work shows that faulty cells in the near-threshold regime are highly clustered in certain regions of the cache. In addition, popular mobile benchmarks are studied to investigate the impact of run-time workloads on timing faults manifestation. A technique to mitigate the run-time faults is proposed. This scheme maps frequently used data to healthy cache regions by exploiting the application cache behaviors. The results show up to 78% gain in performance over two other state-of-the-art techniques.
18
Hill, Randy J. "Standardizing the auditory evoked potential technique ground-truthing against behavioral conditioning in the goldfish carassius auratus /." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001211.
19
Kjelmand, Luna. "Olfactory sensitivity of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) for six structurally related aromatic aldehydes." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18796.
Анотація:
For many years, primates have been considered to be animals with a poorly developed sense of smell. However, in recent years several studies have shown that at least some primate species have a high olfactory sensitivity for a variety of odorants. The present study used a two-choice instrumental conditioning paradigm to test the olfactory sensitivity for six aromatic aldehydes in four spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). With helional, cyclamal,canthoxal and lilial all animals discriminated concentrations below 1 ppm from the odorless solvent, with single individuals even scoring better. With 3-phenyl-propionic aldehyde all animals detected concentrations below 2 ppb, and with bourgeonal even below 0.3 ppb. The detection thresholds of the odorants changed systematically with molecular structure. Addition of a dioxo or methoxy group to the benzene ring led to an increase in threshold values,while the absence of a methyl group close to the aldehyde moiety was linked to a low threshold value for the odorant. The study shows that spider monkeys have a well developed olfactory sensitivity for aromatic aldehydes.
20
Venator, Kurt Richard. "The Influence of signal attenuation and degradation on behavior and midbrain auditory thresholds in the cricket frog, Acris crepitans blanchardi /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
21
Van, Dyk Zandri. "Diagnostic accuracy of CE Chirp." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/72463.
Анотація:
The auditory brainstem response is an evoked potential that can be clinically used to estimate hearing sensitivity and to identify auditory nervous system pathology. Recently, there has been an increase in the implementation of the CE-Chirp stimulus in AABR equipment for neonatal hearing screening. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the LS CE-Chirp-evoked ABR compared to the traditionally used click-evoked ABR for the identification of different degrees and configurations of sensorineural (SNHL) hearing loss.
An exploratory within-subject comparative research design was used. 49 ears with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss were assessed. Participants were assessed in a single session. Audiometric pure tone thresholds were obtained at 125-8000 Hz and ABR thresholds were measured using the click and LS CE-Chirp stimuli respectively. Click- and LS CE-Chirp-evoked thresholds were compared with each other and with behavioural pure tone average (PTA), high frequency average (HFA) and low frequency average (LFA). Diagnostic accuracy of the two ABR stimuli was also compared by using ROC curves.
Differences between click- and LS CE Chirp-evoked ABR, and behavioural thresholds were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The strongest significant correlation for ABR using clicks to behavioural thresholds was found at 2000 and 4000 Hz, whereas, the strongest correlation for LS CE-Chirp ABRs to behavioural thresholds was found at 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz (r>0.7, p<0.001). A very strong, positive correlation was found between both click (r=0.805) and LS CE-Chirp (r=0.825) and the behavioural PTA (p<0.001). The mean differences for LS CE-Chirp were smaller than those of the click for PTA and low frequency range. ROC curves indicated better AUC values for the LS CE-Chirp at LFA and HFA compared to the click, also showing a narrower confidence interval and less variance than the click.
The predictive accuracy of the LS CE-Chirp-evoked ABR was slightly better than that of the click with reference to PTA, HFA and LFA thresholds; furthermore, it is less variable and more accurate than the click-evoked ABR with reference to HFA. Thus, the LS CE-Chirp is an accurate stimulus for estimation of hearing sensitivity using ABR when compared to the gold standard click stimulus for the purpose of identification of different configurations of SNHL.Dissertation (MA Audiology) University of Pretoria, 2019.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
MA (Audiology)
Unrestricted
22
Owens, David Robert. "Behavior of and Crop Injury Induced by Native and Exotic Stink Bugs in Mid-Atlantic Soybean." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32093.
Анотація:
Cage studies were performed to determine if the current thresholds for stink bugs in soybean (one bug per 0.3 row m) need to be adjusted based on current soybean production practices and species present. Several soybean development stages were infested by two native stink bug species for three weeks using small cages in a field of double crop soybean at sites in Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware during 2007-2009. Large field cages were infested by an introduced species for two weeks in 2010-2011. Results showed that Euschistus servus Say and Acrosternum hilare Say adults or nymphs did not cause different levels of injury to soybean seed quality or effects on yield. Both A. hilare and the introduced Halyomorpha halys Stål injured soybean seed in a similar fashion at threshold-level densities. Full flowering R2 stage soybean were least affected by stink bug feeding, and full pod and beginning seed R4-R5 stage soybean were slightly more sensitive to injury than R6 although not at the Maryland 2011 site. Several sites had increased seed injury and decreased yield at threshold density populations.
Finally, visual observations of stink bug vertical distribution inside soybean canopies were taken several times per day and compared with ambient and within-canopy temperature and relative humidity. Results indicated that these conditions did not influence the percentage of stink bugs below the top 38 cm sweep net intercept zone. In both years of observations, between 15 and 20% of stink bugs were observed below the 38 cm sweep net zone.Master of Science in Life Sciences
23
Evans, Cortney Anne. "Making Sense of Their World: Sensory Awareness and Sensory Reactivity as Predictors of Social Interaction in Early Childhood." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1891.
Анотація:
The purposes of this study were to (a) test the validity of a sensory reactivity measure adapted for parents of preschool-age children, (b) examine if different modalities of sensory reactivity (i.e. smell, touch, taste, etc.) emerge together or if differing thresholds of reactivity exist between sensory modalities, (c) see how parental ratings of preschoolers' sensory reactivity are related to children's behaviors in the classroom, and (d) see if sensory reactivity bears different relationships to children's social behaviors than do other aspects of temperament. A total of 260 parents (242 mothers, 18 fathers) and 10 teachers of 260 children (131 male, 129 female; M = 63 months; SD = 8.80; range = 39-81) participated. Parents completed the newly developed Children's Sensory Reactions Questionnaire and the Colorado Child Temperament Inventory. Teachers completed the Social Skills Questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses extracted two factors from the CSRQ measure: sensory reactivity and perceptual awareness. Examination of the associations of sensory reactivity and perceptual awareness and children's behaviors with peers resulted in several significant relationships. Specifically, sensory reactive children appear to be less sociable (i. e. prosocial, friendly), more likely to engage in immature solitary pretend play, and more prone to utilize instrumental aggression in peer interactions. Perceptually aware children, on the other hand, tend to be more sociable (i.. e., prosocial, friendly, controls impulses), better able to appropriately and punctually comply with tasks given by teacher, less likely to engage in a number of solitary play behaviors (i. e., passive withdrawal and immature play), less likely to utilize instrumental or reactive aggressive strategies, and more likely to dodge negative peer interactions by avoiding bullies. Furthermore, the associations which sensory reactivity and perceptual awareness bear to children's sociable, non-social, and anti-social behaviors contrast those of other dimensions of temperament such as child activity level and emotionality. Therefore, the constructs extracted from the newly developed Children's Sensory Reactions Questionnaire appear to contribute to our overall understanding of child temperament as well as the associations between temperament and young children's social, nonsocial, and antisocial behaviors.
24
Hill, Evan Matthew. "A Comparison of Behavioral and Auditory Brainstem Response Measures of Hearing in the Laboratory Rat (Rattus norvegicus)." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1320960141.
25
Kritzinger, Mieke. "Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential (CAEP) and the chirp Auditory Steady State Response (ASSR) in predicting behavioural hearing thresholds in adults with sensorineural hearing loss." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73231.
Анотація:
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the frequency specific Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential
(CAEP) and the chirp-evoked 40 Hz Auditory Steady State Response (ASSR) with
equivalent residual noise levels for behavioural threshold prediction in adults with normal hearing and with SNHL.
Method: The study tested 23 adults with normal hearing and 20 adults with SNHL. The participants were aged between 18–65 years. A repeated measures within-
participant descriptive design was used to collect the quantitative data. The participants underwent behavioural pure tone, CAEP and ASSR testing on the same day.
Results: Similar CAEP difference scores across frequencies for the participants with normal hearing (mean=12.32-14.40 dB) and with SNHL (mean=10.00-16.47 dB) were measured. However, for the ASSR difference scores across frequencies slightly smaller difference scores were measured for the participants with SNHL
(mean=10.17-17.30 dB) than for the participants with normal hearing (mean=11.74- 17.14 dB). CAEP thresholds were significantly closer to the behavioural pure tone thresholds at 500 (p=0.028; mean absolute difference 14.40 dB) and 2000 (p=0.016; mean absolute difference 12.56 dB) Hz for participants with normal hearing. In participants with sensorineural hearing loss, CAEP and ASSR thresholds were measured at similar sensation levels and were not statistically different (p>0.05).
Conclusion: For the purpose of threshold estimation, representing the auditory
function to the level of the auditory cortex the CAEP was closer to the behavioural
hearing thresholds than the 40 Hz ASSR at all frequencies except at 4000 Hz, regardless of the hearing sensitivity.
Keywords: Auditory steady state response (ASSR), Cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP), Auditory evoked potential (AEP), Residual noise, Signal to noise ratio (SNR), objective threshold estimation, awake adults.Dissertation (MA (Audiology))--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
MA Audiology
Unrestricted
26
Danilović, Dejan. "Advances in cardiac pacing : clinical aspects of novel pacemaker leads and algorithms. Behavior of stimulation thresholds and impedances in modern pacemaker systems." [S.l.] : Medical department A university of Bergen, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37571604x.
27
Løtvedt, Pia Katrine. "Olfactory sensitivity of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) for "green odors"." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70204.
Анотація:
Primates have traditionally been viewed as having a poorly developed sense of smell. However, in recent years, studies have shown that at least some primate species use olfaction in a number of behaviors, and that they have a high olfactory sensitivity for various chemical classes of odorants. Using a two-choice instrumental conditioning paradigm, the present study assessed olfactor ydetection thresholds of three spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) for eight aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes, known as "green odors". With all odorants, the animals detected concentrations below 1 parts per million, with single individuals performing even better. The type of functional group present systematically affected olfactory detection thresholds, whereas the presence, position and configuration of a double bond did not. Compared to previously tested classes of odorants, thespider monkeys were not particularly sensitive to "green odors". Furthermore, they are lesssensitive for "green odors" compared to humans and mice. The present results suggest that neuroanatomical and genetic comparisons across species are poor predictors of olfactory sensitivity.
28
McKnight, Dustin Henry. "The use of compression precracking constant amplitude (CPCA) test method to obtain near-threshold fatigue crack growth behavior in AA7075-T7351." MSSTATE, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11102005-065337/.
Анотація:
Traditionally, pre-cracking has been performed under tension-tension loading, followed by a load reduction scheme to obtain fatigue crack growth rate data in the near threshold regime. These data have been shown to exhibit load history effects due to remote crack closure. An alternative test method has been developed to minimize these load history effects. This test procedure uses compression pre-cracking to initiate a crack, followed by constant amplitude loading to grow the crack to failure. Compression-compression (C-C) loading as a means of forming a starter crack for fatigue crack growth is a relatively new concept. Cracks grown under C-C loading emanate from the notch tip due to a tensile residual stress field formed during the unloading cycle. The subsequent constant amplitude steady-state crack growth is free of load history effects, after crack growth beyond several compressive plastic zone sizes, and therefore will give a better steady-state representation of the near-threshold regime. A more in-depth examination at this phenomenon is performed herein.
29
Wardwell, Kyoko Konaka. "Effects of Self-Selected and Imposed Intensity of Acute Exercise on the HPA-axis Response and Psychological Well-Being in Inactive Women with High Levels of Stress." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1307122619.
30
Sjöström, Desirée. "Gustatory responsiveness of West African Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) to seven substances tasting sweet to humans." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142267.
Анотація:
Comparative studies of taste perception have found that primates may differ markedly in their sensitivity for substances perceived as sweet by humans. These findings raise questions about the reason that may underlie these differences in sweet-taste sensitivity between species. The aim of the present study was to assess the taste responsiveness of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) to seven substances tasting sweet to humans and to compare the results with those of other primate species. Using a two-bottle preference test (1 min) I found that the taste preference thresholds of the chimpanzees for five food-associated carbohydrates ranged between 20-30 mM for sucrose, 20-50 mM for fructose, 60-80 mM for glucose, 50-80 mM for maltose, and 30-80 mM for lactose. Taste preference thresholds for two steviol glycosides ranged from 0.04-0.05 mM for stevioside, and 0.03-0.05 mM for rebaudioside A. The chimpanzees displayed clear preferences for all sweet-tasting substances presented. In line with data obtained in other primates, the taste preference threshold of the chimpanzees for sucrose was lower compared to the other carbohydrates presented and the taste preference thresholds for stevioside and rebaudioside A were lower compared to sucrose. In general, the taste sensitivity of the chimpanzees fell into the range of data reported in other nonhuman primate species. Interestingly, the taste preference thresholds of the chimpanzees reported here are similar to the taste detection thresholds obtained in humans, despite the fact that the former are only a conservative approximation of an animal’s taste sensitivity. This suggests that chimpanzees may be as sweet-taste sensitive as humans.
31
Alsolami, Eesa. "An examination of keystroke dynamics for continuous user authentication." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54730/1/Eesa_Alsolami_Thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
Most current computer systems authorise the user at the start of a session and do not detect whether the current user is still the initial authorised user, a substitute user, or an intruder pretending to be a valid user. Therefore, a system that continuously checks the identity of the user throughout the session is necessary without being intrusive to end-user and/or effectively doing this. Such a system is called a continuous authentication system (CAS).
Researchers have applied several approaches for CAS and most of these techniques are based on biometrics. These continuous biometric authentication systems (CBAS) are supplied by user traits and characteristics. One of the main types of biometric is keystroke dynamics which has been widely tried and accepted for providing continuous user authentication. Keystroke dynamics is appealing for many reasons. First, it is less obtrusive, since users will be typing on the computer keyboard anyway. Second, it does not require extra hardware. Finally, keystroke dynamics will be available after the authentication step at the start of the computer session.
Currently, there is insufficient research in the CBAS with keystroke dynamics field. To date, most of the existing schemes ignore the continuous authentication scenarios which might affect their practicality in different real world applications.
Also, the contemporary CBAS with keystroke dynamics approaches use characters sequences as features that are representative of user typing behavior but their selected features criteria do not guarantee features with strong statistical significance which may cause less accurate statistical user-representation. Furthermore, their selected features do not inherently incorporate user typing behavior. Finally, the existing CBAS that are based on keystroke dynamics are typically dependent on pre-defined user-typing models for continuous authentication. This dependency restricts the systems to authenticate only known users whose typing samples are modelled.
This research addresses the previous limitations associated with the existing CBAS schemes by developing a generic model to better identify and understand the characteristics and requirements of each type of CBAS and continuous authentication scenario. Also, the research proposes four statistical-based feature selection techniques that have highest statistical significance and encompasses different user typing behaviors which represent user typing patterns effectively. Finally, the research proposes the user-independent threshold approach that is able to authenticate a user accurately without needing any predefined user typing model a-priori.
Also, we enhance the technique to detect the impostor or intruder who may take over during the entire computer session.
32
Sturycz, Cassandra A. "Subjective Vs. Objective Physical Pain in Individuals Who Report a History of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Closer Look at What it Means to Experience Pain." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1404.
Анотація:
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is the self-inflicted damage to one’s bodily tissues without the intent to die. Previous research has sought to discover the motivation of an individual to perform such behavior and differences in the experience of pain among those who self-injure. The goals for the current study were to reveal any relationships between the function of NSSI, the subjective experience of pain, and an objective measurement of pressure pain threshold. Participants completed the Inventory of Statements About Self- Injury (ISAS; Klonsky & Glenn, 2009), which measures the functions that NSSI serves, and a measure assessing subjective pain experience, specifically frequency and severity of pain. Pain thresholds were also induced and recorded using a pressure algometer. The findings suggest that pain frequency significantly predicted pain threshold, whereas subjective pain severity did not. Furthermore, marking distress, the function of NSSI which serves as creating a tangible representation of emotional distress, was significantly associated with pain frequency, such that as marking distress increases in relevance, the less often one would be expected to experience pain. Therefore, the current study has implications relevant to both future research and the clinical setting.
33
Sélios, Talita Lopes. "Efeitos das contingências de reforçamento LAG e RDF sobre a variabilidade comportamental de crianças autistas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16692.
Анотація:
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In order to verify the effects of the reinforcement contingencies LAG and RDF on the behavioral variability of autistic children, was established in the present research two different teaching procedures of variability one for the LAG contingency and other for the RDF that started with low variation requirement to obtain reinforcement and consisted of gradual increasing in the variability exigency. So, the objective was to investigate if (1) the two reinforcement procedures contingent to the vary LAG and RDF of motor responses of autistic children, with gradual increasing in the exigency of variation, would produce a variable responding in computer games; and (2) occurred extension of acquired variability in the taught task with the LAG and RDF contingencies for the other tasks not submitted to the direct reinforcement of vary task with response topographically similar and task with response topographically different from the task that composed the experimental task. The six participants realized three computer games. They were exposed a baseline phase with each one of the tree games and, then, four of them were submitted to the training phase with the variability contingency with the Game 1 considering that for two of them, the teaching of the variability was given with the LAG contingency (the reinforce was presented if a determined sequence completed differed from last n completed sequences), and, for the other two, with the threshold contingency or frequency dependent reinforcement RDF (the reinforce probability was greater as lower was the relative frequency and the recency of a sequence) and two passed to training with the yoked contingency with the Game 1 (the reinforce distribution obtained in the procedure in which the variability was directly reinforced established what completed sequences would produce reinforces; the release of the reinforce was, therefore, independent of the responding being varied). In the end of each level that composed the teaching of variability and the yoked and after the teaching of the last level, extension tests of variability were realized one to the task topographically similar to teaching task (Game 2) and other to the task topographically different (Game 3). The results showed that the reinforcement contingencies LAG and RDF produced variability. The procedures of gradual increasing of exigency of variation, for both contingencies, generate variable responding and, in general, the higher was the requirement of variation, higher the variability. Both contingencies produced, in the end of the teaching process, high and similar variability levels. The yoked contingency did not alter the variability, permitting conclude that the variable responding generated for the LAG and RDF contingencies was due to the reinforcement contingent to vary and not of the intermittency among the reinforces. It was also verified that occurred extension of variability only to the task topographically similar to that taught and it could already be observed during the teaching process
A fim de verificar os efeitos das contingências de reforçamento LAG e RDF sobre a variabilidade comportamental de crianças autistas, estabeleceu-se na presente pesquisa dois diferentes procedimentos de ensino da variabilidade um para a contingência LAG e outro para a RDF que iniciavam com baixo requerimento de variação para a obtenção do reforço e consistiam em aumentar gradualmente a exigência de variabilidade. Assim, objetivou-se investigar se (1) os dois procedimentos de reforçamento contingente ao variar - LAG e RDF - de respostas motoras de crianças autistas, com aumento gradual da exigência de variação, produziram um responder variável, em jogos de computador; e (2) ocorreu extensão da variabilidade adquirida na tarefa ensinada com as contingências LAG e RDF para outras tarefas não submetidas ao reforçamento direto do variar tarefa com resposta topograficamente semelhante e tarefa com resposta topograficamente diferente da que compôs a tarefa experimental. Os seis participantes realizaram três jogos de computador. Eles foram expostos a uma fase de linha de base com cada um dos três jogos e, em seguida, quatro deles foram submetidos à fase de treino com a contingência de variabilidade com o Jogo 1 sendo que, para dois deles, o ensino da variabilidade deu-se com a contingência LAG (o reforço era apresentado se uma determinada sequência completada diferisse da últimas n sequências completadas) e, para os outros dois, com a contingência limiar ou de reforçamento dependente da frequência - RDF (a probabilidade de reforço era maior quanto menor fosse a frequência relativa e a recência de uma sequência) e dois passaram pelo treino com a contingência de acoplamento com o Jogo 1 (a distribuição de reforços obtida no procedimento em que se reforçou diretamente a variabilidade estabeleceu quais sequências completadas produziriam reforços; a liberação do reforço era, portanto, independente do responder ser variado). Ao final de cada nível que compôs o ensino de variabilidade e o acoplamento e após o ensino do último nível, testes de extensão da variabilidade foram realizados um para tarefa topograficamente semelhante à tarefa ensinada (Jogo 2) e outro para tarefa topograficamente diferente (Jogo 3). Os resultados mostraram que as contingências de reforçamento LAG e RDF produziram variabilidade. Os procedimentos de aumento gradual da exigência de variação, para ambas as contingências, geraram responder variável e, de forma geral, quanto maior o requerimento de variação, maior a variabilidade. Ambas as contingências produziram, ao final do processo de ensino, altos e semelhantes níveis de variabilidade. A contingência acoplamento não alterou a variabilidade, permitindo concluir que o responder variável gerado pelas contingências LAG e RDF foi decorrente do reforçamento contingente ao variar e não da intermitência entre os reforços. Verificou-se, também, que ocorreu extensão da variabilidade apenas para a tarefa topograficamente semelhante à ensinada e esta já pôde ser observada durante o processo de ensino
34
DuFour, Mark R. "Hydroacoustic Quantification of Lake Erie Walleye (Sander vitreus)Distribution and Abundance." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1483715286731694.
35
Tsai, Ying-Chih, and 蔡螢芷. "Comparison of Wireless Auditory Brainstem Response Thresholds and Behavioral Thresholds in Young Children." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12341471574935640721.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
聽語障礙科學研究所
103
Abstract The purpose of this study is to compare wireless auditory brainstem response（ABR） and behavioral thresholds in children with normal and sensorineural hearing loss. Thresholds at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz obtained by the conditioned play audiometry（CPA） to narrow band noise were compared with the wireless auditory brainstem response thresholds to click, 500 and 2000 Hz tone bursts. Nineteen subjects aged from 2.5 years to 6.5 years were participated in this study. All subjects exhibited type A tympanogram. Subjects who passed distortion product otoacoustic emission ( DPOAE ) were included in control group. Subjects who did not pass DPOAE were included in hearing loss group. All subjects were tested with wireless ABR to click, 500 and 2000 Hz tone bursts as well as CPA to 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz narrow band noise. The results suggest that the comparison of click ABR and behavioral thresholds to 2000 and 4000 Hz narrow band noise, and the correlation coefficient was 0.72; and the difference between wireless ABR thresholds to 500 and 2000 Hz tone burst and behavioral thresholds to 500 and 2000 Hz narrow band noise were within than ± 20 dB for normal hearing group, and the correlation coefficient were - 0.08 and 0.32. The comparison of click ABR and behavioral thresholds to 2000 and 4000 Hz narrow band noise, and the correlation coefficient was 0.91; and the difference between 500 Hz tone burst ABR thresholds and behavioral thresholds was less than 20 dB for hearing loss group, and the correlation coefficient were 0.95. In addition, the study shows that the click and 2000 Hz tone burst ABR underestimated the hearing threshold with children of high-frequency hearing loss. In an efficient and test time, need to quickly identify the type and level of hearing loss. It suggested that the auditory brainstem response to 500 and 4000 Hz tone bursts be used to evaluate the auditory sensitivity of hearing loss cases in infants and children under the age of six year old. All participants were under natural sleep or in quiet condition during wireless auditory brainstem response testing. In general, the test time for each subject was typically around 70 minutes. The advantage of testing infants and children without sedation is to reduce risks associated with sedation, particularly in cases such as cerebral palsy and epilepsy. Results of wireless ABR thresholds and behavioral thresholds exhibited high correlation. It is suggested that the wireless ABR may be used as a reliable tool in estimating auditory sensitivity in children. Keyword: wireless auditory brainstem response, behavioral audiometry, children.
36
CHIU and 邱秀婷. "Comparison of Wireless Auditory Brainstem Response Thresholds and Behavioral Thresholds in Normal Infants and Children." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76247868250439464156.
Анотація:
碩士國立台北護理學院
聽語障礙科學研究所
98
The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of the wireless auditory brainstem response (wireless ABR) in estimating degrees of hearing in infants and children with normal hearing sensitivity. In this study, the thresholds at 500 Hz and 2000 Hz obtained by the visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) to narrow band noise were compared with the thresholds obtained by the wireless frequency-specific auditory brainstem response to tone bursts. In addition, the thresholds obtained by the wireless ABR from the subjects with sedation were compared with the subjects without sedation. Finally, the testing time of the subjects under sedation and non-sedation condition was compared as well. Thirty-three participants aged form 6 months to 30 months were interviewed in the beginning of this study. According to the interview, high risk of hearing loss has been ruled out for all the participants. The selection criteria were type A tympanograms and passed DPOAE screening. The participants were tested with wireless ABR and VRA. The results indicated that the averaged wireless ABR thresholds of infants and children with normal hearing were 10-25 dB nHL. The difference between wireless ABR thresholds and behavioral thresholds was less than 10 dB. There was no significant difference ( p>.05 ) found for the wireless ABR thresholds between the sedation and non-sedation group. However, the result showed a significant difference( p<.05 )of 13.4 minutes in the average testing time between these two groups. In summary, it is comparable between wireless ABR thresholds and behavioral thresholds. Results of this study suggested that the wireless ABR may used as a reliable tool to estimating auditory sensitivity in infants and children. Although there is a significant difference testing time between the condition of sedation and non-sedation, this finding did not influence the effectiveness of the wireless ABR.
37
Liu, FuPing, and 劉馥蘋. "Comparison Of Wireless Auditory Brainstem Responses And Behavioral Thresholds In Adults With Hearing Loss." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75785540564843078692.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
聽語障礙科學研究所
100
The purpose of this study is to compare wireless auditory brainstem responses and behavioral thresholds in adults with hearing loss. The auditory brainstem responses (ABR) of sensorineural hearing loss adults were obtained with click as well as 500 and 2000 Hz tone bursts stimuli. The ABR thresholds for each stimulus were determined and then were compared with pure tone average thresholds, respectively. Thirty-five participants aged from 23 to 85 years old exhibited bilateral pure tone thresholds ranged between 30 to 85 dB HL at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz, as well as type A tympanograms. The results indicated that the mean differences between wireless auditory brainstem responses and pure tone average thresholds of 2000, 4000 Hz and 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz were less than 15 dB, correlation coefficients were 0.93 and 0.76, respectively, when using the stimuli was click. The differences between tone bursts evoked wireless ABR and pure tone thresholds of 500 and 2000 Hz were less than 10 dB, and the correlation coefficients were 0.74 and 0.90, respectively. In summary, the present study suggests that by using wireless ABR, comparable results were found between ABR with click stimuli and pure tone average of 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz. A reasonable estimate to the pure tone thresholds in adults with hearing loss is feasible by using wireless ABR with tone bursts stimuli.
38
Wu, Fang-Wei, and 吳芳瑋. "Click evoked auditory brainstem response in infants to estimates of behavioral hearing thresholds in children." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11017501171038254503.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
聽語障礙科學研究所
103
Object: At present, within the constraints of manpower and time, early in the process diagnostic evaluation of congenital hearing loss, there are still a high proportion in the use of click-evoked ABR. To compare click-evoked ABR threshold in infants estimates of behavioral hearing thresholds in children. Method: To retrospective medical record of the way, according to Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei Hospital District of newborn hearing screening room referral data files, the inspection data extraction. Use Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression to analyze the correlation between click-evoked ABR threshold and behavioral hearing thresholds. Results: Total 186 ear statistics to Pearson correlation coefficient analysis of click-evoked ABR threshold correlate to 1-4 kHz of average behavioral hearing thresholds (r= .76) , and 2-4 kHz of average behavioral hearing thresholds (r =.76) both are highly linear. Linear regression analysis showed that 57% of the 1-4 kHz of average behavior hearing threshold and 58% of the 2-4 kHz of average behavior hearing threshold can be explained by click-evoked ABR threshold. Conclusion: Click-evoked ABR enough to represent the 1-4 kHz and 2-4 kHz frequency region of hearing sensitivity is still highly recommended and has a frequency of a particular combination of tone burst ABR construct a complete audiogram.
39
Fanning, Kirsten. "Unintended consequences of lowering disclosure thresholds: Proposed changes to SFAS No. 5." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3445156.
Анотація:
Recently, investors have asserted that firms' loss contingency disclosures are not adequate to allow them to assess the likelihood of material losses due to litigation (i.e., litigation risk), and a debate has developed over whether the threshold for disclosure should be lowered to provide investors with more information relating to litigation. Using an experiment, I investigate two unintended consequences of lowering a disclosure threshold, as the FASB has recently proposed. First, I find that adding low probability lawsuits to the disclosure of reasonably possible lawsuits lowers prospective investors' perceptions of litigation risk relating to the disclosure, even though more lawsuits are disclosed. Second, lowering the threshold allows firms to portray the entire disclosure opportunistically, diverting attention from higher probability to lower probability lawsuits. I find evidence that firms can use such an opportunistic presentation under a lower threshold to their advantage. Specifically, prospective investors' and even short investors' perceptions were just as favorable to the firm as long investors' when the disclosure threshold was lower and firms adopted an opportunistic disclosure strategy. Thus, my findings suggest that the FASB's proposal to require disclosure of lower probability loss contingencies may have unintended consequences for investors' perceptions of firms' loss exposure.
40
Stroebel, Deidre. "The clinical value of the auditory steady state response for early diagnosis and amplification for infants (0-8 months) with hearing loss." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23362.
Анотація:
There has always been a need for objective tests that assess auditory function in infants, young children, and/or any patient whose development level precludes the use of behavioral audiometric techniques. Although the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) is seen as the ‘gold standard’ in the field of objective audiometry, it presents with its own set of limitations. The Auditory Steady State Response (ASSR) has gained considerable attention and is seen as a promising addition to the AEP ‘family’ to address some of the limitations of the ABR. The ASSR promises to estimate all categories of hearing loss (mild to profound) in a frequency specific manner. It also indicates to the possibility to validate hearing aid fittings by determining functional gain of hearing aids by determining unaided and aided ASSR thresholds. An exploratory research design was selected in order to compare unaided thresholds, obtained through the use of three different procedures – ABR, ASSR and behavioral thresholds. Aided thresholds were also obtained and compared with two procedures – the aided ASSR (measured and predicted) and aided behavioral threshold. The results indicated that both the ABR (tone burst and click) and ASSR provided a reasonable estimation of the subsequently obtained behavioral audiograms. The ASSR, however, approximated the behavioral thresholds closer than the ABR and were furthermore able to quantify hearing thresholds accurately for subjects with severe and profound hearing losses. The result indicated further that the ASSR can be instrumental in the validation process of hearing aid fittings in infants. These results demonstrated however, that the ASSR measured thresholds underestimate the aided behavioral thresholds and the aided ASSR predicted thresholds overestimate the aided behavioral thresholds. The research concluded that the ASSR is useful in estimating frequency-specific behavioral thresholds accurately in infants and validating hearing aid fittings. Until evidence is sufficient to recommend the ASSR as primary electrophysiological measure of hearing in infants, the ASSR should be used in conjunction with the ABR – following a test battery approach in the diagnostic process of hearing loss in infants. The ASSR further shows great promise in validating hearing aid fittings, but this specific application of the ASSR needs further research evidence on large groups to validate the procedure.Dissertation (Master of Communication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
unrestricted
41
CHEN, YU-TING, and 陳玉婷. "The Associations of Earnings Thresholds,Earnings Management Devices and Behavior." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75263423466137034814.
Анотація:
碩士國防管理學院
國防財務資源研究所
94
ABSTRACT This research aims to investigate manager’s behavior of applying discretional accruals and financial derivatives to manage Earnings, while the three hypotheses of Positive Accounting Theory are held. This research chose "zero", "reported earnings(RE) "and "analysts’ expectations positive and negative 20%(AE±20%) "to be our thresholds. We found that while the bonus plan hypothesis and debt covenant hypothesis are held, and the business earnings before manipulation belong to following three situations: above zero, above RE and above AE±20%, managers tend to use discretional accruals to smooth earnings. While the political cost hypothesis is held, and the business earnings before manipulation belong to following situations: below zero, below RE and below AE±20%, managers prefer using financial derivatives to advance the earnings. While considering the manipulation of these two devices, managers also take the relationship between their own profits and business achievements into consideration. Our research found that the higher the manager’s percentage of stock holdings the more possibilities for them to apply discretional accruals. Besides, higher debt ratio also makes managers tend to use discretional accruals to control earnings for the sake of higher debt paying ability. Companies with bigger scales and higher degrees of internationalization being sensitive to interest rate and exchange rate prefer to use financial Derivatives for Earnings Management. Furthermore, the study concluded the following result: there is a substitute relation between discretional accruals and financial derivatives while managers apply them. Key words: earnings threshold, earnings management, discretional accruals, derivatives.
42
Weng, Li-Jen, and 翁儷臻. "Earnings management behavior for the financial forecast disclosure and renewal thresholds." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09666046430492799527.
Анотація:
碩士東吳大學
會計學系
90
ABSTRACT Title：Earnings management behavior for the financial forecast disclosure and renewal thresholds. Author：Weng, Li-Jen Advisor：Su, Yu-Hui Month/Year：June,2002 There are two main differences between Taiwan and other country’s regulation about disclosing financial forecast information. First, Taiwan’s regulation forces firms to disclose financial forecast, other than disclosing voluntarily. Second, Taiwan’s regulation is more specific about the renewal of financial forecast. Due to the regulation was amended in 1997,this study is to investigate the listed companies, which disclose the financial forecast information during 1997 to 2000, and we collect 1,915 samples. Because the phenomenon of financial forecast renewal is so popular in Taiwan, this study is to investigate the renewal of financial forecast and related earnings management behavior of listed company in the different situations, which the financial forecast earnings is under or over the actual earnings. Finally, according to the regulation about forced disclosing financial forecast, we investigate the reasonableness for the applicability of the regulation. The primary results are as follows: 1. Many listed companies in order to obey the regulation about the forecast accuracy will renew the forecast upward or downward, some even manage earnings to renew the forecast upward. 2. For testing whether the companies which the sales reducing more then 30% will manage sales to avoid disclosing financial forecast, we find that the unexpected sales will increase when the rate of sales reduction approaching the disclosure threshold. But the unexpected sales of overall samples will increase obviously as sales declining; therefore, the main purpose of sales management behavior is to keep the sales as usual or the smooth of earnings. 3. The accuracy of IPO company’s financial forecast is more accurate for the year and one year before IPO, and from the next years of IPO, the accuracy of financial forecast are declining and the range of renewal are increasing gradually.
43
YANG, YU-XUAN, and 楊育瑄. "Study on the Threshold of Behavioral Inhibition Evaluation for Illegal Drug Users." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t6tc86.
Анотація:
碩士銘傳大學
應用統計與資料科學學系碩士班
107
In the study, we use stop signal task method to evaluate the cognitive function of people, we call the data as SSRT. We then compare the evaluated results from opioid abusers (refer as drug abusers) and general persons. By different statistical methods, such as t-test, multiple regression, ANCOVA, quantile regression and etc., we shall construct the criteria for the threshold of the SSRT. The objects of the study were collected from the Correctional Institutions, hospital and local community in northern Taiwan. There were 204 drug abusers, 8 Methadone maintenance treatments, 43 general persons. It is recommended that the drug abuser’s SSRT is a boundary threshold of 321.12 ms to 343.33 ms. Above the boundary threshold, the drug abuser’s SSRT is significantly different from the general persons. The quantile regression the SSRT into a short SSRT, a middle SSRT, and a long SSRT.
44
Baynard, Tahllee. "The threshold behavior of electron-atom superelastic scattering in magnesium /." 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3070155.
45
ZHANG, ZHI-GING, and 張稚卿. "The threshold behavior of electron-impact lonization of hydrogen atom." Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69520977062142167608.
46
Hsieh, Hsu-Sheng, and 謝旭昇. "Incorporating Social Interaction Effect into Parking Location Choice Behavior Model and Threshold Analysis of Collective Behavior." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25205314741960338577.
Анотація:
碩士國立成功大學
都市計劃學系碩博士班
101
In central business district, the conditions caused by illegal and chaotic on-street scooter and bicycle parking have resulted in the severe negative effect upon passing on sidewalks, environment of shopping streets, and traffic on roads. The local governments have implemented many related strategies in order to solve these problems. However, the parking problem cannot be solved sufficiently. The reason is that many types of travel behavior including parking location choice involve social interaction effect, leading society to deadlock in inferior equilibrium state (social dilemma). The previous travel behavior models, used to be bases for policy evaluation, assumed that individual behavior is independent of others and therefore it resulted in the constrained performances. In view of the above, this study designates the CBD of Tainan City as the study area where the data are collected to build the parking location choice behavior model into which social interaction effect is incorporated. Accordingly, the threshold value, provided through policy interventions, achieving equilibrium shift of collective behavior could be evaluated quantitatively. Consequently, reducing distance (from parking lots to destination) 140m, declining the fixed fee (the parking fee per time) NT$8, or using the combination policies, to reach threshold would increase the proportion of off-street parking from the present 5.0% to 71.4%.
47
Lee, Wan-shiuan, and 李宛璇. "The Impact of Advertising on Investors’ Behavior: Disposition Effect and Threshold Effect." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zqanfj.
Анотація:
碩士國立中山大學
財務管理學系研究所
97
Previous researches find that advertising expenditure and performance can significantly influence fund flows. With a unique data from Securities Investment Trust and Consulting Association (SITCA) of Taiwan, we can use monthly data of exact purchasing amounts, redemption amounts and advertising expenditures to gain more insight into investors’ investment behavior. We examine the impact of advertising on mutual fund investors’ behavior and the performance-flow relationship. This paper differs from the existing literature, which only concerned with the average advertising effect on fund flow. We follow the procedure of Tsay (1989) time series autoregressive processes model and modify it to cross-section variables threshold model to examine whether threshold effect of advertising on fund flows exists. We generate four empirical results. (1) Performance is significantly associated with higher fund flows. (2) Advertising is significantly associated with higher fund flows. (3) Disposition effect exists in Taiwanese mutual fund market and advertising expenditure can partially enhance the disposition effect. (4) We also measure the threshold effect of advertising on fund flows.
48
Hsu, Ting-ju, and 許婷茹. "The Threshold Determination of Short Seller’s Behaviors and the Information Content of Short Selling." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/457xxv.
Анотація:
碩士國立中山大學
財務管理學系研究所
102
According to literature, they support that short sellers are contrarian. However, Blau et al. (2009) found during extreme market movements, the behaviors of short sellers switch to follow the crowd. This finding points out that the relationship between short interest and return is not liner. In addition, TWSE enhance the transparency of short selling, so investors have more information to examine the market trend. Therefore, we try to use the different proxy variables of short interest to measure the relationship between short interest and return, and find out which proxy variable has greater influence on return. First of all, we use the sample of Taiwan Market to discuss the relationship between short interest and return. Since some of stock is not linear, we use threshold model, brought up by Hansen in 1999, to estimate the threshold. We find out the short sellers in Taiwan have the following behavior : (1) momentum when smaller than the threshold but become contrarian when greater than the threshold, or (2) momentum. Furthermore, skewness is the major feature to influence the threshold and is significant negative. For individual, whether in long term or short term, short interest of stocks with low liquidity, left-skewed, high ownership, high MB ratio, low price efficiency, will have greater influence on return; for institution, skewness becomes the only feature to influence the return. Overall, short interest of institution has greater influence on return than individual, and the influence will get stronger as time goes by.
49
Frey, Mark T. "Studies of threshold behavior in electron-molecule collisions using ultra-high-n Rydberg atoms." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/13950.
Анотація:
Potassium atoms in selected high-lying Rydberg states (n $<$ 1200) are used as a tool to probe threshold behavior in electron-molecule collisions. Collisions with non-polar electron attaching molecules such as CCl$\sb4$ are dominated by electron capture in a binary interaction between the Rydberg electron and target molecule allowing the study of electron attachment at electron energies of only a few $\mu$eV. Analysis of the data shows the cross section for electron capture is consistent with the Wigner threshold law for an inelastic s-wave process. Collisions with polar molecules can lead to Rydberg atom destruction through transfer of molecular rotational energy to the Rydberg electron. Rydberg atom data obtained with polar targets are not consistent with scattering from a static dipole. However, the data are consistent with a threshold law that takes into account a rotationally-averaged induced dipole interaction that can possibly support bound or virtual states.
50
Li, Ching-Chien, and 李青蒨. "The Threshold Effect of Oil Price Change on Investors’ Irrational Behavior－An Empirical Evidence from Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87709970314225438204.
Анотація:
碩士國防管理學院
國防財務資源研究所
96
In traditional financial theory, the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) asserts that prices on traded asserts already reflect all information, and it is impossible for investors to consistently outperform the overall stock markets. Investors’ reactions are random and arbitrageurs eliminate the effect of irrational actions. The higher proportion of retail investors causes the existence of anomalous price phenomena in Taiwan stock market. In this research, we will study the threshold effect of crude oil price on investors’ irrational behaviors, such as representative bias, over reaction, under reaction, over confidence. The panel threshold which has been published by Hansen (1999) will be adopted as our analytical model. The empirical results show that the influences of unemployment rate, the change of wholesale price index and momentary policy on the tendency of investors’ representative bias, over reaction, under reaction, over confidence, varies across different threshold regions, which are determined by the change of crude oil price.