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1
Zhang, Zhigang, and Xiaoqing Xu. "Static and Fatigue Behavior of Rubber-Sleeved Stud Shear Connectors as Part of Field-Cast Ultra-High Performance Concrete Connections." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 2269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102269.
Анотація:
Field-cast ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) connections are an innovative and prospective solution for combining full-depth precast concrete decks and steel girders. However, previous studies show that the slip capacity of stud shear connectors embedded in UHPC cannot meet the requirements for ductile connectors by Eurocode 4, which can reduce the resistance of steel and concrete composite members. In this study, the rubber-sleeved stud shear connector, which is a composite of ordinary stud and rubber sleeve, was adopted for the field-cast UHPC connections. Push-out tests were conducted to investigate the static and fatigue behavior of the rubber-sleeved stud shear connector as part of field-cast UHPC connections. Results of static tests showed that the rubber-sleeved stud shear connector has sufficient deformation capacity and its slip capacity is 1.5 times that of the ordinary stud shear connector. Compared to ordinary stud shear connectors, UHPC with high strength and stiffness has a relatively small effect on improving the shear strength and stiffness of rubber-sleeve stud shear connectors. Results of fatigue tests showed that the rubber-sleeved stud shear connector in UHPC has similar fatigue behavior to that in normal strength concrete. Though UHPC improves the restraint to the stud deformation, the influence of rubber sleeves is still decisive in determining the fatigue behavior of rubber-sleeve stud shear connectors. In addition, based on the results of strain gauges at stud roots, it was found that the crack initiation process consumes a small proportion of the fatigue life of rubber-sleeved stud shear connectors, which is about 5%.
2
Farid, Boursas, and Djamel Boutagouga. "Parametric study of I-shaped shear connectors with different orientations in push-out test." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 15, no. 57 (June 22, 2021): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.57.03.
Анотація:
A great deal of research has been conducted to improve the understanding of the behavior of new types of shear connectors. This article presents the study of I-shaped connectors behavior under monotonic load welded in four different orientations in order to get the position which gives the high shear strength and the best ductility. For this purpose, eight push-out test specimens with I-shaped shear connectors with different orientations and dimensions were tested in C20/25 and C30/37 concrete classes. The load-slip behavior and failure modes of the tested connectors are presented and discussed. Furthermore, a non-linear 3D finite element modelling of the push-out test is performed in order to further investigate the influencing parameters on the I-shaped connectors behavior. Hence, a parametric study is carried out by using the established 3D finite elements model to study the influence of concrete strength, connector’s steel grade, reinforcements, height and length of the connector. Both experimental and numerical results show that there is a privilege orientation for which the shear strength of an I-shaped shear connector is significantly higher than that of all other tested orientations.
3
Kocatas, Alper Tolga, and Ali Hikmet Dogru. "Enhancing UML Connectors with Behavioral ALF Specifications for Exogenous Coordination of Software Components." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010643.
Анотація:
Connectors are powerful architectural elements that allow the specification of interactions between software components. Since the connectors do not include behavior in UML, the components include the behavior for coordinating the components, complicating the designs of components and decreasing their reusability. In this study, we propose the enrichment of UML connectors with behavioral specifications. The goal is to provide separation of concerns for the components so that they are freed from coordination duties. The reusability of the components will increase as a result of such exogenous coordination. Additionally, using the associated behaviors, we aim to resolve the ambiguities that arise when n-ary connectors are used. We use a series of QVTo transformations to transform UML models that include connector behaviors in ALF specifications into UML models which include fUML activities as connector behavior specifications. We present a set of example connectors specified using the proposed method. We execute the QVTo transformations on the example connectors to produce models that represent platform-independent definitions of the coordination behaviors. We also present and discuss cases from real-life large-scale avionics software projects in which using the proposed approach results in simpler and more flexible designs and increases component reusability.
4
Larrañaga Rubio, Sherley, and Maritzabel Molina Herrera. "Grade-two resistance screw shear connector behavior for a 28 MPa concrete section." Ingeniería e Investigación 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v27n2.14825.
Анотація:
Screw shear connectors are being more commonly used in compound concrete sections in Colombia; however, they have been designed in line with Colombian Seismic-Resistant Standards (NSR-98) rather than those established for stud shear connectors. This work represents a starting point for analysing screw shear connector behavior. 54 specimens were made for the experiment, consisting of a metallic profile and two concretes slabs where the connectors were embedded. 1/2” (12.7mm), 5/8” (15.9mm) and 3/4” (19.1mm) diameter screws were used and placed at different distances. The push-out test was used with these specimens and results were provided by using some equations for determining this type of connector’s strength in steel-concrete sections.
5
Chen, Dong, Kuaikuai Li, Zhiyang Yuan, Baoquan Cheng, and Xing Kang. "Shear Behavior of FRP Connectors in Precast Sandwich Insulation Wall Panels." Buildings 12, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081095.
Анотація:
Glass fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite connectors used in precast sandwich insulation wall panels directly affect the safety of the wall. In practical applications, a precast concrete sandwich insulation wall panel is transported to the construction site for hoisting 3–5 days after steam curing, and its concrete strength typically reaches approximately 70% of the design strength (i.e., the concrete strength after natural curing for 14 days). This study investigated the natural curing of concrete for 14 days and analyzed the mechanical properties of FRP connectors with two different sections in terms of their failure mode, failure process, and load–displacement curves. Numerical analysis and finite element parametric analysis of the connectors were conducted based on experimental data. The average ultimate shear capacity of a single rectangular-section connector was 8.37 kN and that of the cross-section connector was 8.37 kN. The connectors exhibited a good shear resistance, and the rectangular-section connectors had better ductility than the cross-section connectors. The wall panel exhibited three types of failure modes: splicing failure of the fiber layer of the connector, fiber fracture in the anchorage of the connector, failure of the concrete of the anchorage, and mainly material damage of the connector itself. The error between the load simulation value and test value of a single connector was less than 10% of the numerical simulation error requirement, and the finite element simulation results were reliable. The results of the parametric simulation of the shear capacity showed that the distance between connectors, anchorage depth, and insulation layer thickness had a significant influence on the shear performance of concrete connectors.
6
Xue, Guofeng, Wei Bao, Jin Jiang, and Yongsong Shao. "Hysteretic Behavior of Beam-to-Column Joints with Cast Steel Connectors." Shock and Vibration 2019 (November 29, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9802672.
Анотація:
This study proposed a beam-to-column joint equipped with a new type of cast steel connector. The cast steel connector concentrated the primary portion of the deformation and energy dissipation of the joint and was installed with full bolted connections, rendering it a replaceable energy dissipation component and facilitating the rapid repair of the joint after an earthquake. Three full-scale specimens were fabricated and tested to investigate the hysteretic behaviors of the proposed joints under cyclic loadings. The results showed that the proposed cast steel connector exhibited reliable ductility and energy dissipation capacity. The beam-to-column joints with cast steel connectors under appropriate configuration can limit the deformation to the cast steel connector and protect the remaining joint components from plastic deformation. A more detailed finite element analysis was performed to investigate the hysteretic behavior of the joint further. The FEM results illustrated that the thickness of the vertical leg of the cast steel connector can significantly influence the stiffness and bearing capacity of the joint. Meantime, it would improve the hysteretic behavior effectively. The proposed beam-to-column joints with cast steel connectors can achieve the requirement of stiffness and load-bearing capacity and can be widely applicable in practical engineering.
7
Liu, Xia, Xin Wang, Tan Yang, and Zhishen Wu. "The Shear Behavior of Insulated Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels Reinforced with BFRP." Buildings 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091326.
Анотація:
Typical insulated precast concrete sandwich panel (PCSP) systems are composed of two concrete wythes separated by a layer of insulation. The structural behavior of insulated PCSP systems heavily depends on elements between two wythes known as connectors, which ensure they work as a whole. Double shear tests were carried out on 58 insulated PCSP specimens reinforced with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) connectors; failure modes, load displacement curves and bearing capacity of BFRP connectors were obtained. Effects of diameter, insulation thickness, installation angle, layout spacing and combined action on shear capacity were analyzed. The results show that the span ratio of the connector was suggested to be less than 15, and the angle of the connector should be set to 60° or 75° for suitable stiffness and bearing capacity with an abundant safety margin. The shear capacity decreases slightly with the increase in the connectors’ spacing while the overall impact is small. The shear force of connectors in a plane or spatial combination can be calculated according to that of one single connector. Moreover, the shear capacity model of BFRP connectors proposed in this paper provides a favorable design option for insulated PCSP systems using BFRP connectors.
8
Guo, Jiangran, Qingxuan Shi, Ge Ma, and Tengfei Li. "Shear Behavior of Superposed Perfobond Connectors Considering Lateral Constraints." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 20, 2022): 3162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063162.
Анотація:
Superposed perfobond connectors are a type of connector used in composite structures. When the construction conditions are limited to increase the diameter of the opening, the shear capacity of the connector can be improved by enhancing the confining effect of the concrete dowel. In this study, 12 superposed perfobond connectors were fabricated to investigate the influence of lateral constraints on their shear behavior. The effects of hole area and holes’ number, diameter of the perforating rebar, concrete compressive strength, and the number of transverse reinforcements were investigated via the failure modes and load–slip curves. The results indicate that double-sided shear failure occurs in connectors with perfobond rib thicknesses exceeding 9 mm, and the connectors featuring strong lateral constraints not only exhibited higher bearing capacities but also superior load-holding capacities after peak load. Finally, an equation for the shear capacity of multi-hole perfobond connectors, considering lateral constraints, was proposed according to the double-sided shear theory.
9
Wang, Xizhi, Yuqing Liu, and Yangqing Liu. "Experimental study on shear behavior of notched long-hole perfobond connectors." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 1 (July 2, 2018): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218782991.
Анотація:
It is restricted in applying perfobond connectors in steel-concrete composite bridges with shallow rib heights or narrow connector distances, because it is unfavorable to enhance shear connection by enlarging hole diameter of perfobond connectors and difficult to install transverse rebars in perforated holes. To address this issue, an alternative perfobond connector was proposed by making a notch on the outer edge of the lengthened circular hole in this paper. To investigate the differences of failure mode, shear strength, slip behavior, and load transferring mechanism between circular-hole and notched long-hole perfobond connectors, a total of eight push-out tests were performed. Experimental results show that the shear strength of notched long-hole perfobond connectors exhibits an increase of about 20% compared with that of circular-hole perfobond connectors, and the shear stiffness and peak slip increase by over 10%. The enlarged hole area in notched long-hole perfobond connectors could weaken contribution percentage of concrete dowel to shear capacities, although the shear strength increases as the product of concrete compressive strength and hole area raises. Repeated loading hardly impacts shear strength of perfobond connectors but raises peak slip by 11% and 14% of circular-hole and notched long-hole perfobond connectors, respectively. Compared with single-row connectors, multi-row connectors exhibit a reduction of about 5% in shear capacities and an increase of about 10% in peak slips. The first row along the shear direction in multi-row connectors would bear the maximum percentage of shear load. Based on push-out test results, several typical existing equations for predictions of shear strength are compared and evaluated.
10
Zhang, Chikun, Kewei Ding, and Shulin He. "Seismic Performance of Panel Connectors with Steel Frame Based on Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete (ALC)." Buildings 12, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030372.
Анотація:
This paper proposes new prefabricated autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) connectors which allow limited sliding. The seismic performance of the proposed connectors and a traditional connector (L-hooked bolt) were investigated in depth. Three specimens of full-scale steel frames with ALC panel and connectors were subjected to horizontal low-cyclic loading. The failure modes, hysteretic behavior, strength and deterioration of stiffness and energy-dissipating performance of all specimens were analyzed and discussed. The experimental results indicated that the frames of the new connectors were more reliable than the traditional connector. The energy-dissipating capacity of the specimen frames with new connectors increased by 23.0% and 24.4%, and deterioration of stiffness increased by 10.6% and 13.0%. The new ALC panel connectors not only increased elastic stiffness in the early stage, but also provided some stiffness in the elastoplastic and plastic stages. Using relevant construction measures, the frames with new connectors displayed good cooperative behavior and safety reliability. To summarize, the new ALC connectors tested showed excellent performance in resisting seismic loading and had good assembly efficiency and could provide a basis for the development and application of a new type of ALC steel frame connector.
11
BARBOSA, W. C. S., L. M. BEZERRA, L. CHATER, and O. R. O. CAVALCANTE. "Experimental evaluation on the structural behavior of truss shear connectors in composite steel-concrete beams." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 12, no. 5 (October 2019): 1157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952019000500010.
Анотація:
Abstract The composite structures have great advantages in terms of structural and constructive aspects, with the shear connectors being decisive for obtaining the interaction between the structural elements and for the distribution of the stresses in the structure, taking advantage of the potentiality of each constituent material of the composite structure (steel and concrete). This work, through experimental studies, presents the development of a shear connector (Truss connector) proposed for use in a concrete-steel composite beam. The proposed connector is easy to implement and can serve as a viable alternative to the use of stud or U connectors. It was idealized a connector geometry that would provide low production cost, ease of execution, higher values of resistant load, efficiency as regards the relative sliding resistance between the metal profile and the concrete slab, as well as the efficiency regarding the resistance to the spacing of the slabs in relation to the metal profile (uplift). In order to evaluate the behavior of Truss connectors, 6 experimental models were constructed for push-out tests, 3 with 12.5 mm diameter Truss connectors and 3 with 19.0 mm diameter stud bolt connectors. The behavior of the models was investigated with respect to the loads of rupture, the transversal displacements between the concrete slabs and the relative vertical slide between the reinforced concrete slabs and the metallic profiles of the models. The results of the experimental analyzes provided an overview of the operation of the Truss and stud bolt connectors, with significant results that showed advantages of the Truss connector in relation to the stud connector considering the parameters analyzed in this work.
12
ALMAYYAHI, Mohammed Noori Salman, Abdulnasser Aabbas, and Haleem Hussain. "Effects of Recycled Concrete on Structural Behavior of Composite Beams with Y-Rib Shear Connectors." Misan Journal of Engineering Sciences 2, no. 1 (October 7, 2023): 53–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.61263/mjes.v2i1.44.
Анотація:
This study inspects the structural behavior of composite steel concrete beams connected together by Y-Rib shear connectors using recycled concrete. The main method involves using stud shear connectors with normal concrete. By comparing the structural performance of Y-Rib shear connectors with conventional stud shear connectors, the study aims to determine the benefit of using this type of connector with recycled concrete. Improved results in terms of maximum load-bearing capacity before failure and maintaining structural integrity until failure would indicate a viable solution to the sliding issue seen in traditional composite beams. Regardless of challenges in acquiring traditional shear connectors, the study also explores an alternative: 20mm diameter reinforcing bars. Although this falls outside the primary research scope, the main focus remains on the behavior of composite beams connected by Y-shaped shear connectors with recycled concrete. The investigation encompasses 18 shear connector types, divided into two groups: 9 models with normal coarse aggregate concrete (35.17 MPa) and 9 models with recycled coarse aggregate concrete (33.48 MPa) to determine the benefit of recycled aggregate concrete usage.
13
Rin, Tran Van, Nguyen Minh Hai, and Phan Hoang Nam. "Analytical study on flexural behavior of steel composite girder using truss element for shear connectors with different types and layouts." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1289, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1289/1/012007.
Анотація:
Abstract The key to improve the accuracy of behavior analysis of the steel composite girder lies in the reasonable modelling the intergration between the reinforced concrete slab and the steel girder. Based on design requirements and construction methods, the type and layout of the shear connectors between the concrete slab and the steel girder are different, significantly affecting the behavior of the composite girder. This study is conducted to (i) investigate the applicability of a truss element available in the popular simulation software Abaqus in modelling the shear connectors of composite girders, (ii) compare the flexural behavior of composite girders with different types and layouts of shear connectors. Two types of shear connectors considered in the study are headed studs and perfobond strips, and their layout corresponds to the construction methods using the cast-in-place and precast concrete slabs. The study results show that a truss element can be used to simulate the shear connector behavior through reasonable assignment of its shear force-slip relationship. With the design principle that the total shear capacity of the shear connector per unit length remains constant, the nonlinear behavior of the composite girder is significantly affected by the type and layout of the shear connectors.
14
Cui, Jianhua, Shulin He, Kewei Ding, Yu Zhang, and Xiaoying Kong. "Cyclic Behavior of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete External Panel with New Connector." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 8778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248778.
Анотація:
In this paper, a new slip-type crossing connector is proposed for autoclaved aerated concrete (ALC) panels with steel frames, and the proposed connector is also studied deeply in terms of seismic performance. The research included pseudo-static tests and finite element simulations. First, the seismic performance of slip-type crossing connectors and standard L-hooked bolts was studied comparatively, including the stability, bearing capacity, stiffness, energy dissipation, and hysteresis performance. ABAQUS 2020 software was used to establish finite element models, and the results of the experiments were verified with simulations on the basis. According to the simulations, a parameter analysis of connector optimization was carried out. The effects of connector thickness and connector plate length on the seismic performance were further investigated. From the experimental and simulation results, the slip-type crossing connector has excellent performance and good assembly efficiency, it can improve the deficiencies of the existing connectors. The comparison demonstrated that the slip-type crossing connector has a complete hysteresis curve, a high energy dissipation capacity, and a 9.7% increase in bearing capacity. The appropriate reduction in connector thickness and plate length can ensure superior seismic performance while saving resources. The finite analysis method can guide the design and implementation of new external ALC panel connectors.
15
Duan, Linli, Xin Nie, Han Su, and Jike Tan. "Seismic Response Analysis of Steel–Concrete Composite Frame Structures with URSP Connectors." Materials 15, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 8655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238655.
Анотація:
The uplift-restricted and slip-permitted (URSP) connector is a new type of connector used in steel–concrete composite structures that has been proven to improve the structural performance of negative moment regions. Since this connector changes the interface restraint between the slab and steel beam, there is an imperative to study the seismic performance of steel–concrete composite frame systems with this new type of connector. In this study, the dynamic behavior of composite frame structures with URSP connectors under seismic loads was numerically investigated. First, a beam–shell mixed model was used and complex interfaces of different connectors were considered while establishing a numerical model to conduct elasto–plastic time history analysis under various seismic loads. This numerical model was validated with the frame sub-assemblage experimental results of quasi-static cyclic tests. Second, the model analysis results of structures with URSP connectors were obtained and compared with those of traditional structures. Third, dynamic response results including roof displacement, inter-story displacement, and the distribution and failure modes of plastic hinges were analyzed and compared. The comparisons indicated that the arrangement of full-span URSP connectors had a non-negligible influence on the dynamic behavior of the systems. The arrangement increased the maximum inter-story displacement by 31.5% and induced adverse effects in certain cases, which is not suggested in the application of URSP connectors. The partial arrangement of URSP connectors had little influence on the dynamic behavior of the systems, and the frame systems still showed a good seismic performance, which was the same as the traditional composite structural system. These findings may promote the application of URSP connectors in composite structures.
16
Saggaff, Anis, Talal Alhajri, M. Md Tahir, Khaled Alenezi, Cher Siang Tan, Arizu Sulaiman, Mustapha Muhammad Lawan, and Mohamad Ragae. "Experimental and Analytical Study of Various Shear Connectors Used for Cold-Formed Steel-Ferrocement Composite Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.315.
Анотація:
This work presents the experimental tests carried out to evaluate the behaviour of different types of shear connectors proposed for cold formed steel (CFS) section integrated with ferrocement slab as potential used for composite beam. Ten push-out test specimens of cold-formed steel lipped channel sections connected with ferrocement slab were tested. Three types of shear connectors were studied comprised of bolts, self-drilling-screw and bar angle. The connection behavior is analysed in terms of its load-slip relationship and the failure mode. The parametric studies were performed to investigate the effect on the shear connector’s capacity by varying the number of layers of wire mesh used in ferrocement slab and types of shear connector used. A theoretical analysis (Eurocode 4) was carried out to verify the experiment results. The results show that the experimental and theoretical proved to have good agreement with each other.
17
Nouri, Karim, Nor Hafizah Ramli Sulong, Zainah Ibrahim, Mohammad Bazzaz, and H. Elhosiny Ali. "Finite Element Analysis of Novel Stiffened Angle Shear Connectors at Ambient and Elevated Temperature." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010184.
Анотація:
This is a numerical study to investigate the behavior of novel stiffened angle shear connectors embedded in solid concrete slabs at both ambient and elevated temperatures. An advanced nonlinear finite element model is developed and validated with available experimental work by Nouri, K., et al. 2021. Additionally, parametric studies are performed to evaluate the variations in concrete strength and the connector’s dimensions. The results indicate that the ultimate strength of the stiffened angle shear connector drops by 92% in 1050 °C. Comparing studies show the strength of the stiffened shear connector at 700–850 °C is equivalent to the ordinary C-shaped shear connectors. The stiffened shear connector is more ductile at elevated temperatures as compared to ambient temperatures. The shear strength raised to 66% and 159.7% by increasing the height and width of the stiffened shear connector, respectively. Furthermore, the height of the stiffened shear connector is crucial to enhance the shear strength capacity as compared to the ordinary C-shaped shear connector.
18
Zeng, Xinggui, Shao-Fei Jiang, and Donghua Zhou. "Effect of Shear Connector Layout on the Behavior of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams with Interface Slip." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010207.
Анотація:
In a steel-concrete composite beam (hereafter referred to as a composite beam), partial interaction between the concrete slab and the steel beam results in an appreciable increase in the beam deflections relative to full interaction behavior. Moreover, the distribution type of the shear connectors has a great impact on the degree of the composite action between the two components of the beam. To reveal the effect of shear connector layout in the performance of composite beams, on the basis of a developed one-dimensional composite beam element validated by the closed-form precision solutions and experimental results, this paper optimizes the layout of shear connectors in composite beams with partial interaction by adopting a stepwise uniform distribution of shear connectors to approximate the triangular distribution of the shear connector density without increasing the total number of shear connectors. Based on a comparison of all the different types of stepped rectangles distribution, this paper finally suggests the 3-stepped rectangles distribution of shear connectors as a reasonable and applicable optimal method.
19
Si, Xiu Yong, Jian Bo Zhao, and Xiang Zhong Bai. "Mechanical Properties Research of Steel-Concrete Composite Structure's Connector." Advanced Materials Research 738 (August 2013): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.738.128.
Анотація:
A new type of PBL shear connector gets more attention with the rapid development of steel-concrete composite structure. The PBL shear connector's static behavior and influence factors thereof are analysed through experiments. The PBL shear connector's force-transmission mechanism is discussed. The conclusions show that the thickness of perforate plate has significant impact of PBL shear connectors design bearing capacity, shear stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity. According to the thickness of perforate plate, the failure mode of PBL shear connector may appear to flexural and shear failure of perforate rebar, shear failure of perforate rebar or shear failure of perforate plate.
20
M. Al-Khekany, Alaa, Labeeb S. Al-Yassri, Munaf A. Al-Ramahee, and Saeed Abdul-Abbas. "Effect of Angle Shear Connectors on the Behavior of Composite Concrete Steel Flexural Members Under Negative Moment." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (November 28, 2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.25921.
Анотація:
This research presents an experimental program to study the effect of using angle shear connectors instead of the headed stud on the flexural behavior of composite beams under negative bending moment (NBM). Both the angle and headed stud shear connectors used in this study have the same cross-sectional area. Five composite beams were casted and tested using three-point load configuration to ensure the NBM effect. Different parameters were included in this study such as the type of shear connector, bond interaction (partial and complete bond interaction) and arrangement of angle shear connectors. Two proposals method were suggested for angle setting in this study to investigate the structural behavior of the composite section. It has been found that, in the case of single angle shear connectors, the ultimate strength decreased by 4.12% compared with samples with the headed stud shear connectors. The direction of the angle setting has been shown to affect the flexural behavior of the composite section.
21
Shariati, Mahdi, Nor Hafizah Ramli Sulong, Hamid Sinaei, Mohammad Mehdi Arabnejad Khanouki, and Payam Shafigh. "Behavior of Channel Shear Connectors in Normal and Light Weight Aggregate Concrete (Experimental and Analytical Study)." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 2303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.2303.
Анотація:
This paper describes five push-out tests carried out at the University of Malaya using channel shear connector. The tests study experimentally and analytically, the behavior of channel shear connectors embedded in normal and light weight aggregate concrete (LWAC). Limited push-out tests are used to measure the accuracy of a proposed nonlinear finite element model for typical push-out test specimens. Using this model, an extensive parametric study performed to arrive at prediction for shear capacity of channel connectors in LWAC. An equation is suggested for the shear capacity of these connectors in LWAC.
22
Zhi, Qing, and Zhengxing Guo. "Experimental evaluation of precast concrete sandwich wall panels with steel–glass fiber–reinforced polymer shear connectors." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 10 (January 8, 2017): 1476–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216683198.
Анотація:
A new shear connector is proposed in this article. The shear connector is made of steel–glass fiber–reinforced polymer material. Twelve full-scale precast insulated concrete sandwich panels were tested under flexure to analyze their flexural behavior subjected to pressure. The test program was composed of eight sandwich panels with steel–glass fiber–reinforced polymer connectors and four panels for comparison that were panels using stainless steel truss connectors, pure glass fiber–reinforced polymer pin connectors, and no connectors, respectively. Their load–deflection relationships, load–slip relationships, concrete strain profiles along the wythes cross section, as well as the strains in the steel–glass fiber–reinforced polymer W-shaped connectors were investigated in this article. The panels exhibited a composite action in terms of strength exceeding 85% with steel–glass fiber–reinforced polymer connectors and 40 mm insulation thickness. In addition, the other panels with more than 40 mm insulation layer and different diameter connectors only exhibited 26%–62% composite action. When evaluating the degree of the composite action in terms of stiffness, all sandwich panel values ranged from 6% to 26%. But the compared specimens with pure glass fiber–reinforced polymer connector and smaller diameter steel truss connector had lower level composite action less than 10%. Reasonable design of steel–glass fiber–reinforced polymer W-shaped connectors may provide high composite action for panels and prevent the strength from dropping rapidly due to the steel inner core in the connectors.
23
Ye, Xin, Bo Shan, Qian Yue, and Zhenyu Wang. "Long-term behavior of connections for glubam-concrete composite beams." MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927501001.
Анотація:
Glubam-concrete composite (BCC) structure is a construction technique where glue-laminated bamboo beam is connected to an upper concrete slab using different types of connectors. The long-term behavior and creep mechanism of BCC system are very complex due to different time-dependent behavior of three components. This paper performed a series long-term push-out tests on four types of connections under static load. The tests lasted for a period of seven months in uncontrolled sheltered indoor condition. Important results such as the relative slip-time curves are presented in order to characterize time-dependent behavior of connectors. Furthermore creep coefficient constitutive models are provided for predicting the long-term behavior of connections.
24
Abdi, Rochdi El, Erwann Carvou, Noureddine Benjemâa, and El Mostafa Zindine. "Power Connector Behavior Used in Automotive Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.556.
Анотація:
The increase in the number of electronic and electric systems used in the automotive industry necessitates a high level of electric power. To respond to this high electric power demand, it will be necessary to increase the voltage of the batteries and the current and to use new power connectors. A connector provides a separable interface between two subsystems of an electronic system. The main function of the connector is to transmit a signal or distribute power. For power connectors, heating can lead to an increase in contact resistance and sometimes even to contact surface melting and thus to connector damage. In this study, vibration tests and heat evolution of a commercial power connector used in the automotive industry was undertaken. The connector includes two spring lamellas on each side and the pin is flat. The pin is introduced between the two lamella springs and is submitted to vibration tests. Using an experimental set-up, the mechanical insertion force, the temperature and the resistance evolution can be measured. To quantify these parameters at the contact zone, a numerical modeling, using the finite element software Ansys, is used to give the change of the insertion force during several insertion-extraction cycles and to solve the differential equations for heat transfer in a transitory mode.
25
Alemayehu, Robel Wondimu, Jaehoon Bae, Young K. Ju, and Min Jae Park. "Bond Behavior of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Mega Columns with Different Connectors." Materials 15, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 2791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082791.
Анотація:
Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) are widely used in construction. To achieve composite action and take full advantage of the two materials, strain continuity at the steel–concrete interface is essential. When the concrete core and steel tube are not loaded simultaneously in regions such as beam or brace connections to the steel tubes of a CFST column, the steel–concrete bond plays a crucial role in load transfer. This study uses a validated finite-element model to investigate the bond-slip behavior between the steel tube and concrete in square CFST mega columns through a push-out analysis of eleven 1.2- × 1.2-m mega columns. The bond-slip behavior of CFST mega columns with and without mechanical connectors, including shear studs, rib plates, and connecting plates, is studied. The finite-element results indicate that the mechanical connectors substantially increased the maximum bond stress. Among the analyzed CFST mega columns, those with closely spaced shear studs and rib plate connectors with circular holes exhibited the highest bond stress, followed by plate connectors and widely spaced shear stud connectors. In the case of shear stud connectors, the stud diameter and spacing influenced the bond behavior more than the stud length. As the stud spacing decreased, the failure mode shifted from studs shearing off to outward buckling of the steel tube.
26
Luo, Yan Yan, Li Xin Wang, Ke Li, Ming Ming Lei, Guo Jin Liu, Hong Xun Liu, Xiao Ning Li, Yong Long Ren, and Xiao Jun Zhang. "Effect of Temperature Cycling on Stress Relaxation Behavior of Electrical Connector Contacts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 492 (January 2014): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.86.
Анотація:
This paper mainly studies the effect of temperature cycling on stress relaxation behavior of contacts for electrical connectors. Based on the analysis of the test specifications of electrical connectors, this paper provides a kind of test method on stress relaxation behavior of electrical connector contacts under temperature cycling conditions. The detecting circuit is designed; the test is carried out and finally, according to the test data, it can be concluded that 1) for the same temperature change, the absolute change of strain within the temperatures above zero is bigger than that within the subzero temperatures; 2) the deformation of contacts gradually increases as the number of cycles increases. The length of the degradation process for electrical connectors might be related with the high temperature value, temperature variation or temperature variation rate.
27
Vahedi, Masood, Hamed Ebrahimian, and Ahmad M. Itani. "Full-Scale Testing and Analytical Modeling of Rebar Cages Reinforced with Mechanical U-Bolt Connectors." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (July 12, 2023): 8113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148113.
Анотація:
Rebar cages are the skeletons of reinforced concrete structures. These temporary structures consist of longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars connected by tie-wires. Given the relatively low strength of tie-wire connections, replacing tie-wires with mechanical connectors such as U-bolts can improve the stability and strength of rebar cages. This paper aims to understand the behavior of large prefabricated rebar cages reinforced with mechanical U-bolt connectors through experimental and analytical investigations. Twenty-six full-scale experimental tests are performed on five different underground pile-shaft rebar cages with tie-wire and U-bolt connectors to determine their behavior during different site handling conditions. The data obtained from the experiments are used to develop and calibrate detailed finite element models that can predict the complex response behavior of rebar cages reinforced with U-bolt connectors. The results show that U-bolt connectors can effectively ensure rebar cage integrity even under extreme loading conditions. Additionally, it is concluded that the presence of U-bolt connectors allows for the elimination of internal stiffening elements, which are common for large rebar cages, adding to the simplicity and efficiency of the construction process. The results of this study can be used as a basis for establishing analysis, design, fabrication, and handling guidelines for rebar cages.
28
ROESLER, CARLOS RODRIGO DE MELLO, RÔMULO PEDROZA PINHEIRO, ANDRÉ LUÍS ALMEIDA PIZZOLATTI, VALERIA ROMERO, and HELTON LUIZ APARECIDO DEFINO. "IN VITRO MECHANICAL EVALUATION OF SPINAL FIXATION ROD CONNECTORS." Coluna/Columna 20, no. 3 (September 2021): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120212003245449.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate and compare the mechanical resistance and the fatigue behavior associated with the use of three different modalities of vertebral fixation system rod connectors through in vitro pre-clinical mechanical tests developed specifically for this application (linear, lateral with square connector and lateral with oblique connector). Methods Cobalt chromium rods 5.5 mm in diameter were used and coupled with three types of connectors: a) side rod with oblique connector, b) side rod with square connector, and c) rod and linear connectors. Quasi-static mechanical four-point bending and fatigue tests were performed. The variables measured were (I) the bending moment at the yield limit, (II) the displacement at the yield limit, (III) the rigidity of the system in flexion and (IV) the number of cycles until system failure. Results The linear system presented the greatest force and the greatest moment at the yield limit, as well as the greatest stiffness equivalent to bending. All specimens with square and oblique connectors endured 2.5 million cycles in the minimum and maximum conditions of applied moment. The specimens with linear connector endured 2.5 million cycles with fractions of 40.14% of the bending moment at the yield limit, but failed with levels of 60.17% and 80.27%. Conclusions Systems with linear connectors showed greater mechanical resistance when compared to systems with square and oblique connectors. All systems supported cyclic loads that mimic in vivo demands. Level of evidence V; In vitro research.
29
Yu, Qiong, Liang Zhang, Shaohua Bai, Baoxiu Fan, Zhenhai Chen, and Ling-Zhi Li. "Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Precast Frame Columns with Vertical Reinforcement Spliced with Grouted Sleeve Lapping Connectors." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (October 8, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1549303.
Анотація:
Grouted splice connector is widely employed in precast concrete structures, but its utilization is still limited by shortcomings such as high construction cost, inconvenience in assemblage, and uncompacted grout caused by its small sleeve diameter. The grouted sleeve lapping connectors proposed by the authors can not only provide reasonable force transfer and convenient construction processing but also have the characteristics of low price and easy grouting. In this paper, the seismic performance of two full-scale precast concrete columns with two types of grouted sleeve lapping connectors was investigated, where type-I connector connected two lapped rebars and type-II connector connected four lapped rebars by a steel sleeve, respectively. A cast-in-situ column was also tested as a reference. All the specimens were tested under reversed cyclic horizontal load with a constant axial force. The distribution of cracks, failure modes, loading capacities, deformation abilities, stiffness, ductility, hysteresis loops, and energy dissipation of the specimens were studied. The type-I and type-II grouted sleeve lapping connectors satisfactorily transferred the stress of rebars when the columns reached their ultimate loads, and the seismic performance of the precast concrete columns was found to be comparable to that of the cast-in-situ column. Thus, the grouted sleeve lapping connector has a potential to replace the grouted splice connector in cast-in-situ connection.
30
Khorramian, Koosha, Shervin Maleki, Mahdi Shariati, and N. H. Ramli Sulong. "Behavior of Tilted Angle Shear Connectors." PLOS ONE 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2015): e0144288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144288.
31
Lee, Jun-Seop, Jong-Hun Woo, Kyung-Jae Shin, and Hee-Du Lee. "Design Methodology of U-Shaped Infilled Composite Beams with Angled Shear Connectors Using Finite Element Analysis." Buildings 13, no. 9 (August 31, 2023): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092221.
Анотація:
A composite beam is a structural member that behaves as a single unit by using shear connectors between a concrete slab and an I-shaped steel girder. The composite ratio is crucial and is determined by the shear connectors’ ability to withstand the horizontal shear forces between the concrete and steel girder. In this study, a U-shaped composite beam was designed, which differs from conventional composite beams as it allows the use of a steel girder as a formwork. Moreover, angle-type shear connectors, instead of stud-type connectors, were employed. Based on this design, large-scale U-shaped composite beams with angle-type shear connectors were fabricated, and load tests were conducted to analyze the behavior after composite action and the influence of shear connector spacing. Additionally, the strength of the angle-type shear connectors used in this paper was evaluated through finite element analysis. Finally, a strength evaluation method for composite beams of this configuration is proposed.
32
Dai, Ning, Lanhao Cui, Yingpei Li, Liwei Fan, and Jiakun Chen. "A Numerical Simulation Study on the Out-of-Plane Performance of Timber Framework–Brick Wall Systems in Traditional Residential Buildings of Northern China." Buildings 14, no. 5 (April 25, 2024): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051224.
Анотація:
To improve the out-of-plane collaborative performance of timber frames and walls, a metal connector is proposed and designed. A finite element model of the wall is established, and the composite block damage criteria and surface contact behavior are validated. Additionally, one group without metal connectors and three groups with different numbers of metal connectors placed at various positions in traditional residential wall models are established. Using static loading simulation, the influence of different numbers of metal connectors on the out-of-plane damage patterns, deformation characteristics, and shear force distribution is analyzed. The study reveals that top metal connectors significantly reduce the out-of-plane displacement of the top wall by up to 84.6%. Metal connectors have a significant impact on the deformation capacity of brick walls, with a maximum enhancement of 65.3%. The metal connectors in the middle and lower parts transfer the wall loads to the columns, increasing the horizontal shear at the column head by approximately 7%. The connectors in the middle and lower parts effectively improve the collaborative performance of brick walls and wooden frames.
33
Apriyono, Arwan, Sumiyanto Sumiyanto, Yanto Yanto, Sachrul Iswahyudi, and Rino Wahyu Pamungkas. "Analysis of Different Stripe Connectors for a Gabion Wall based on Woven Waste Tire Stripes." Civil Engineering Dimension 21, no. 2 (October 18, 2019): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ced.21.2.66-69.
Анотація:
In this research, woven waste tire stripes are proposed as an alternative material to wire mesh to make a gabion wall. The performance of the waste tire stripe-based gabion wall is highly dependent on the strength of its stripe, where the stripe connector plays an important role. This research aims to inspect the behavior of different stripe connectors for the gabion wall. To achieve this, a physical model was built and employed to test the strength of the gabion wall. Various stripe connectors are used; adhesive rubber glue, one inch nail, and two mm wire. The strength capacity of the models was determined from the maximum stress before failure. The strength capacities of the models are 83.197, 59.426 and 62.397 kPa for the wire, nail, and glue connector, respectively. Hence, it can be inferred that the wire connector is the strongest of the three connectors.
34
Tonkikh, Gennadiy, and Denis Chesnokov. "A new design proposal for composite beams with powder actuated shear connectors." E3S Web of Conferences 410 (2023): 02034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341002034.
Анотація:
This paper introduces a proposal for the SP 266.1325800 code update, which is applied as a national building code for composite structure design in Russian and some CIS countries. The proposal is based on deep codes analyze and comparison and previous authors’ publications. The research is dedicated to nailed shear connectors’ behavior in composite beams with profiled sheeting. The proposal provides a less conservative approach for composite beams with ductile shear connectors and takes into account additional conditions, such as decking geometry and the structure’s performance under fire. The proposed methodology defines the main geometric characteristics of the composite cross-section before determining the shear connector type. If ductile connectors are chosen, it is recommended to use partial design methods for shear connection definition due to the economic benefits of the proposal. The proposal is verified on powder-actuated shear connectors and should be double-checked with other working examples and connector types. The results show that the structure designed according to the new proposal is 13% less utilized with a smaller quantity of shear connectors (22% less) under the same load. It provides benefits from the structure costs and labor time.
35
Zhu, Hongbing, Zhenghao Fu, Peng Liu, Yongcan Li, and Benlu Zhao. "Shear Behavior of Stud-PBL Composite Shear Connector for Steel–Ceramsite Concrete Composite Structure." Coatings 12, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050583.
Анотація:
For steel–concrete composite structure, a new type of stud–PBL composite shear connector can improve the shear resistance of steel–concrete interface, and polypropylene fiber ceramsite concrete can reduce the self-weight. Therefore, investigating the shear behavior of stud–PBL composite shear connectors for steel–ceramsite concrete composite structures bears significance. In this study, static testing and numerical simulation of the composite shear connector push-out specimen of polypropylene fiber ceramsite concrete were first conducted. The influencing factors of the shear bearing capacity were then analyzed. The formula for determining the shear bearing capacity of the steel–ceramsite concrete composite structure stud–PBL composite shear connectors was ultimately established. The results indicated that the new composite shear connector exhibited excellent shear resistance and good deformation ability. In addition, increasing concrete’s strength, stud’s diameter, and perforated plate’s thickness could significantly improve the shear bearing capacity of the composite shear connector. The calculated value of the shear bearing capacity of the composite shear connector was well correlated the measured value of the test. Overall, the stud–PBL composite shear connector could effectively improve the interfacial shear bearing performance of the steel–ceramsite concrete composite structure. Moreover, the established formula demonstrated broad applicability.
36
Zhu, Hongbing, Zhenghao Fu, Peng Liu, Yongcan Li, and Benlu Zhao. "Shear Behavior of Stud-PBL Composite Shear Connector for Steel–Ceramsite Concrete Composite Structure." Coatings 12, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050583.
Анотація:
For steel–concrete composite structure, a new type of stud–PBL composite shear connector can improve the shear resistance of steel–concrete interface, and polypropylene fiber ceramsite concrete can reduce the self-weight. Therefore, investigating the shear behavior of stud–PBL composite shear connectors for steel–ceramsite concrete composite structures bears significance. In this study, static testing and numerical simulation of the composite shear connector push-out specimen of polypropylene fiber ceramsite concrete were first conducted. The influencing factors of the shear bearing capacity were then analyzed. The formula for determining the shear bearing capacity of the steel–ceramsite concrete composite structure stud–PBL composite shear connectors was ultimately established. The results indicated that the new composite shear connector exhibited excellent shear resistance and good deformation ability. In addition, increasing concrete’s strength, stud’s diameter, and perforated plate’s thickness could significantly improve the shear bearing capacity of the composite shear connector. The calculated value of the shear bearing capacity of the composite shear connector was well correlated the measured value of the test. Overall, the stud–PBL composite shear connector could effectively improve the interfacial shear bearing performance of the steel–ceramsite concrete composite structure. Moreover, the established formula demonstrated broad applicability.
37
Al-Gasham, Thaar Saud Salman. "Experimental Behavior of Steel-Concrete-Steel Sandwich Beams with Truss Configuration of Shear Connectors." Journal of Engineering 22, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2016.04.02.
Анотація:
This paper presents experimentally a new configuration of shear connector for Steel-Concrete-Steel (SCS) sandwich beams that is derived from truss configuration. It consists of vertical and inclined shear connectors welded together and to cover steel plates infilled with concrete. Nine simply supported SCS beams were tested until the failure under a concentrated central load (three- point bending). The beams were similar in length (1100mm), width (100mm), and the top plate thickness (4mm). The test parameters were; beam thickness (150, 200, 250, and 300mm), the bottom plate thickness (4, and 6mm), the diameter of the shear connectors (10, 12, and 16mm), and the connector spacing (100, 200, and 250mm). The test results showed that the stiffness of SCS beam augmented with the increase in beam thickness, lower plate thickness, and connector diameter while it decreased with increasing the connector spacing. The ultimate load capacity of the SCS beams increased to 72.2% and 42.1% by enlarging the beam thickness and connector diameter to 100% and 60%, respectively. Increasing the connector spacing of 150% led to a considerable reduction in the ultimate load reached to 68.4%. Finally, the ultimate strength was not affected by augmenting the bottom plate thickness up to 50%.
38
Ibrahim, Amer M., Wissam D. Salman, and Fahad M. Bahlol. "Flexural Behavior of Concrete Composite Beams with New Steel Tube Section and Different Shear Connectors." TJES Vol26 No.1 2019 26, no. 1 (March 2019): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.26.1.07.
Анотація:
Steel hollow sections used widely in many engineering applications as structural members. This paper aims to present a study about the flexural behavior of composite beams with steel tubes sections through a series of bending tests in order to study and examine the influence of using different shapes of steel tube section (square, rectangular and hexagonal) with the same shear connector type (headed stud or angle or perfobond) on the flexural behavior and the bending properties of these sections. As well as study the effect of using different shear connectors types (headed stud, angle and perfobond) in the same steel tube section (hexagonal or square or rectangular) on the flexural behavior of composite beams. The experimental program divided into two groups, the first consists of testing nine specimens which focusing on testing three types of steel section when using shear stud at first, angle at second, perfobond at third as shear connector type. Second group consists of testing nine specimens of composite beams too, this group focusing on testing every steel section (hexagonal or square or rectangular) alone when using three types of shear connectors with it. All specimens are with length, width and height equal to 2000, 400 and 130 mm respectively. The tested steel tubes have thickness of 2 mm, yield stress of 322 MPa and the ultimate strength of 390 MPa. The results showed that these shapes of hollow steel sections (hexagonal, square and rectangular) sustain the quality of services for the buildings, and these tested specimens are applicable by giving a distinctive strength and stiffness starting from 114 kN as ultimate load reaching to 170 kN. The experimental results proved that the perfobond and angle connector types are clearly effective shear connectors, shear connector of perfobond type increased the ultimate load of composite beams by (6.25-9.74) % compared with stud shear connector.
39
Dewobroto, Wiryanto, Ika Bali, and Lodia Semaya Amnifu. "The compressive strength behavior of mahogany wood connections with bolt-ring connectors." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 852 (July 21, 2020): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/852/1/012006.
40
Yan, Jun, and Lianjie Jiang. "Research on the Seismic Performance of the Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Column with Steel Mortise and Tenon Connections." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 16, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6675231.
Анотація:
In this study, 6 prefabricated reinforced concrete columns with different lengths of connectors and thicknesses of the steel plate used in connectors and 1 cast-in-place reinforced concrete column were made, and then these specimens were tested under the low cycled reversed loading experiment to study the seismic performance of the prefabricated reinforced concrete columns with steel mortise and tenon connections. The failure mode, bearing capacity, ductility, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation of the specimens were analyzed. The results show that compared with the cast-in-place specimens, the bearing capacity of the fabricated specimen is reduced by 5.77%–16.67%, but the ductility is increased by 11.28%–26.69%, and the cumulative energy consumption is increased by 3.40%–30.29%; the stiffness, bearing capacity degradation, and hysteretic behavior of the fabricated specimen under different displacement angles are less different from those of the cast-in-place specimens. When the length of the connector is 100 mm and the thickness of the steel plate used in the connector is 4 mm, the weld fracture may occur in the connection area of the fabricated specimen. The test results show that when the connector with a length of 100 mm is used, the thickness of the steel plate of the connector should not be less than 6 mm.
41
Quenneville, P., and A. Charron. "Effects of end distance and thickness on the tensile resistance of 102 mm shear plates." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 1113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-129.
Анотація:
In this paper, an experimental study of the behavior of 102 mm shear plates subjected to tensile load is presented. The design requirements for shear plate connectors specified in the last three editions of the Canadian wood design standards (1980, 1984, and 1989) are also reviewed and compared with the experimental results. In the experimental study, 83 specimens were tested with shear plate end distances of 80, 145, 210, and 275 mm. Specimens were either 64 or 89 mm thick. Results for all tests were analyzed and 5th percentile resistance values were obtained for each end distance value, assuming a two-parameter Weibull distribution. Results show that connections using 102 mm shear plate connectors behave in a brittle manner when loaded in tension. It is also shown that the member thickness affects the tensile resistance of shear plates in thin members with small connector end distances and that it appears to impose a limit on the resistance for thin members with large connector end distances. Finally, it is shown that the 75% minimum limit on a member net area adjacent to a connector unit (clause 4.3.7.2 of O86.1-M89) is conservative for members with small connector end distances. Key words: wood, shear plate, end distance, resistance, thickness.
42
Chen, Lu, He Tao Hou, and Guo Qiang Li. "Experimental Investigations on Flexural Behavior of Sandwich Composite Panels." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.810.
Анотація:
Sandwich composite panel is a new developed building material applied in steel residential houses, but the theory and experiment of this panel is still limited. In order to study the influence of the boundary conditions and shear connector patterns on flexural behavior of the panels, two groups of panels were cast and tested. Failure modes of the test panels under the uniformed transverse load, load-deformation response, strains in two concrete wythes, crack loads and ultimate load-bearing capacity were recorded and analysed. Test results showed that different angles and distances of plane truss shear connectors affected the ultimate flexural strengths significantly. The strain curves of two concrete wythes revealed that the plane truss shear connectors of panels worked well to make the two wythes act as a solid slab. It is concluded that the sandwich composite panel is available in steel residential houses because of its economical and high flexural strength.
43
Sjaarda, Matthew, Scott Walbridge, and Jeffrey S. West. "Assessment of Shear Connection through Composite Beam Modeling." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 41 (June 21, 2018): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118781685.
Анотація:
Steel-concrete composite construction is used extensively in bridges across North America. The welded shear stud is the standard connector used today, but other connectors, such as the through-bolt connector, may have advantages for precast construction or applications where better fatigue resistance or deconstructability is desired. The standard method of assessing the performance of a shear connector is through the use of push tests. However, the load-slip curves that result from these tests do not accurately predict load-slip behavior at the shear interface of the beams and girders they are meant to simulate. In this paper, a model is presented that predicts composite beam behavior using elastic material properties and nonlinear shear connector load-slip curves. The finite element (FE) model features link connector elements between a steel beam and concrete slab that can be programmed to simulate different connector types. Although the model can be used with push test load-slip curves as inputs, it is shown that a much better prediction can be made using force-deformation data from experimental beam tests or FE analysis. Results are discussed for stud connectors and through-bolt connectors, and it is shown that while through-bolts allow more interfacial slip and overall deflection, material stresses and composite interaction are not affected as much as might be expected. The outcome of this work is a comparison tool which can be used to assess the viability of current and future shear connection alternatives with the goal of achieving an economical and structurally sound shear connector.
44
Wardi, Adil Hadi, Gökhan Tunç, and Khalil Ibraheem. "Structural behavior of shear connectors embedded in different types of concrete." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 6, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2020.04.001.
Анотація:
Push-out tests are used to determine shear connectors’ properties where two small reinforced concrete walls are attached to the top and bottom flanges of an I-section through four shear studs located on both its flanges. In this study, the structural behavior of shear connectors was examined by testing a total of 36 push-out specimens. In these specimens, various test parameters were used. The types of shear connectors and their strengths, their connection types, and the strength of the concrete in which they were embedded were all investigated. Headed, L-shaped, and C-shaped studs were selected in this experimental study to represent different types of shear connectors. These shear connectors were assumed to be either ordinary or high strength steel-embedded in three different types of concrete: ordinary, high strength, and reactive powder concretes. In these tests, the shear connectors were connected through welding or epoxy bonding. The objective of this study was to investigate the structural behaviors of these different types of shear connectors by focusing on their shear force capacities and slip values. The test results indicate that the reactive powder concrete increased the mechanical properties of concrete as the concrete age increased. The specimens with C-shaped studs made of high-strength steel with welded studs embedded in normal weight, high strength and reactive powder concretes, generated the maximum shear resistance values.
45
Jiang, Yuchen, Xiamin Hu, Wan Hong, Jun Zhang, and Fangqian He. "Experimental study on notched connectors for glulam-lightweight concrete composite beams." BioResources 15, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 2171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.2171-2180.
Анотація:
A new type of structural element, the timber-concrete composite beam, exhibited excellent structural performance. The notched connector is widely used in timber-concrete composite systems as a result of its considerable shear capacity and stiffness. Six groups of push-out tests were performed to investigate the shear performance of the notched connectors for the timber-concrete composite beams, with consideration to the varying concrete types, the shear length of the timber, and whether the notch was reinforced. From the test results, the notched connectors that corresponded to the shear fracture of concrete or timber had a low shear capacity and poor ductility. Notched connectors that simultaneously failed at the concrete slab (via shear force), as well as at the lag screw reinforcement point during bending presented the greatest shear capacity. This was followed by the notched connectors that exhibited diagonal-compression failure at the concrete slab. Screw fasteners in the notch were shown to improve the strength, ductility, and post-peak behavior of the notched connectors. In addition, the concrete type, the shear length of the timber, and whether the notch was reinforced were found to have no major influence on the slip modulus of the notched connectors.
46
El Abdi, R., J. Labbé, and F. Le Strat. "Electrical Behavior of Connectors under Different Atmospheres." International Journal of Modeling and Optimization 9, no. 1 (February 2019): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmo.2019.v9.683.
47
van de Lindt, J. W. "Experimental Behavior of Mechanical In-Flange Connectors." Open Civil Engineering Journal 1, no. 1 (December 5, 2007): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149500701010013.
48
Shim, Chang-Su, Pil-Goo Lee, and Tae-Yang Yoon. "Static behavior of large stud shear connectors." Engineering Structures 26, no. 12 (October 2004): 1853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.07.011.
49
Suzuki, Kaho, Atsushi Suzuki, and Yoshihiro Kimura. "Ultimate Shear Strength of Component Model of Composite Beam with Perfobond Shear Connector." Materials Science Forum 1047 (October 18, 2021): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1047.214.
Анотація:
In general, a steel beam is assembled with a concrete slab by shear connectors. The connection requires high stiffness and strength to secure the composite effect even in the ultimate state. Facing this need, perfobond shear connectors are attracting a great attention by virtue of its outstanding mechanical performance. However, the connector is subjected to the fully reversed cyclic stress between the compression and tension during an earthquake. Therefore, as presented in the earlier research addressing stud shear connectors, the concrete may originate cracks under the tensile stress; and eventually, the expected composite effect is not possibly performed. To address this concern, this research carried out a total of three fully reversed cyclic loading tests using the component model of perfobond shear connection. The parameters are the presence of reinforcing bars and concrete strength. In conclusion, it was found that perfobond shear connectors exhibit more stable mechanical behavior and capacity than stud shear connectors regardless of stress orientation due to a localized stress transfer mechanism that results in smaller cracks in the slab under a fully reversed cyclic loading.
50
Wu, Xi, Meng-fu Wang, and Ze-long Liu. "Seismic Behavior of Innovative Precast Superimposed Concrete Shear Walls with Spiral Hoop and Bolted Steel Connections." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (May 15, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5525444.
Анотація:
Owing to the desirable bond strength and excellent workability, spiral hoop and bolted steel connectors are introduced to enhance the connecting performance of superimposed reinforced concrete shear wall (SRCSW) system. In order to investigate the seismic performance of SRCSWs, applying such connecting methods under flexure-shear interaction and flexural dominated status, two groups of precast (PC) specimens were constructed: one-story and two-story specimens. Seismic behavior in terms of crack patterns, load-displacement response, ductility, stiffness degradation, strain response, and deformation results of SRCSWs is evaluated by the quasistatic cyclic test. It is shown that the wall specimens with the proposed connectors exhibited similar failure mode to that of the cast-in-place (CIP) walls and possessed adequate seismic performance such as lateral resistance, ultimate drift ratio, and lateral stiffness besides the ease of erection. The strain responses and deformation results of the PC specimens under reversed cyclic loading were presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the introduced connections. The test results indicated that the PC walls adopting bolted steel connectors behaved better in force transmission and exhibited greater integrity characteristic compared with the specimens having spiral hoop connectors. Lastly, simplified finite element models considering the nonlinear slip behavior within the connection joint of SRCSWs were established and verified, which could provide sufficient accuracy and efficiency to predict the seismic response of the proposed wall system.