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1
M, Wiener Joshua, and Brookings Institution, eds. Swing beds: Assessing flexible health care in rural communities : papers. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution, 1987.
2
Nobuaki, Teraki, and Kurokawa Midori. A History of Discriminated Buraku Communities in Japan. Translated by Ian Neary. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823964.
Анотація:
At the heart of modern Japan there remains an intractable and divisive social problem with its roots in pre-history, namely the ongoing social discrimination against the D?wa communities, otherwise known as Buraku. Their marginalization and isolation within society as a whole remains a veiled yet contested issue. Buraku studies, once largely ignored within Japan’s academia and by scholarly publishers, have developed considerably in the first decades of the twenty-first century, as the extensive bibliographies of both Japanese and English sources provided here clearly demonstrates. The authors of the present study published in Japanese in 2016 and translated here by the Oxford scholar Ian Neary, have been able to incorporate this most recent data. Because of its importance as the first Buraku history based on this new research, a wider readership was always the authors’ principal focus. Yet, it also provides a valuable source book for further study by those wishing to develop their knowledge about the subject from an informed base. This history of the Buraku communities and their antecedents is the first such study to be published in English.
3
Ellemers, Naomi, ed. World of Difference. Translated by Gioia Marini. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462984028.
Анотація:
Public debates tend to see social inequality as resulting from individual decisions people make, for instance with respect to their education or lifestyle. Solutions are often sought in supporting individuals to make better choices. This neglects the importance of social groups and communities in determining individual outcomes. A moral perspective on social inequality questions the fairness of insisting on individual responsibilities, when members of some groups systematically receive fewer opportunities than others. The essays in this book have been prepared by experts from different disciplines, ranging from philosophy to engineering, and from economics to epidemiology. On the basis of recent scientific insights, World of Difference examines how group memberships impact on individual outcomes in four key domains: health, education and work, migration, and the environment. This offers a new moral perspective on social inequality, which policy makers tend to neglect.
4
Peirson, Ryan P., and Paulette Marie Gillig. Rural Communities. Edited by Hunter L. McQuistion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190610999.003.0024.
Анотація:
Rural environments provide many challenges and opportunities to psychiatrists and their patients. Although telemedicine is a growing option in some communities, access to mental health care remains difficult, compounded by transportation and other resource limitations. Although many technical aspects of community psychiatry are universal, particular attention must be paid to the special characteristics of rural settings, including boundary issues in close-knit communities, each of which may have a unique culture that a psychiatrist may need to learn to understand. Managing risks associated with substance use, particularly opioid dependence, and suicide risk can be more challenging in rural practice. Poverty and homelessness are also common problems. This chapter provides expertise on best practices to address these challenges, encouraging psychiatrists to consider the potential rewards of rural practice.
5
Fagan, Abigail A., J. David Hawkins, David P. Farrington, and Richard F. Catalano. Communities that Care. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190299217.001.0001.
Анотація:
Evidence-based, prevention-oriented, and community-driven approaches are advocated to improve public health and reduce youth behavior problems, but there are few effective models for doing so. This book advances knowledge about this topic by describing the conditions and actions necessary for effective community-based prevention. The chapters review the ways in which communities can promote readiness to engage in prevention among local stakeholders; build and maintain diverse, well-functioning prevention coalitions; conduct local needs and resource assessments; collectively decide on prevention priorities; select evidence-based interventions that are a good fit with prioritized community needs, resources, and context; and implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) with fidelity and sustain them over time. The Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system is described in detail to illustrate effective community-based prevention. CTC is a coalition-based prevention system shown to promote healthy youth development and reduce youth behavior problems community wide. It does so by assisting communities to: (1) increase awareness of and support for EBIs; (2) encourage positive interactions between community residents and youth; (3) conduct local needs assessments and collectively decide on priorities to target with EBIs; (4) implement EBIs that are matched to prioritized needs; and (5) ensure that EBIs are coordinated across community organizations, implemented with fidelity, widely disseminated, and evaluated. The book describes the development and evaluation of the CTC system, including how its developers used community-based participatory research to ensure that CTC could be feasibly implemented and employed rigorous research methods to assess the degree to which use of the system reduced adolescent behavior problems.
6
Edirippulige, Sisira, Matthew Bambling, and Pablo Fernandez. Telemental Health Services for Indigenous Communities in Australia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190622725.003.0009.
Анотація:
Telemental health has been recognized as one of the key methods to closing disparities in health indices in the indigenous Australian populations. The conditions in which Australia’s indigenous communities are presently living have also been equated with parts of the world with limited resources. There is a rationale for exploring opportunities for using telemental health and study its effectiveness in this population This chapter discusses the high burden of mental health disorder among the indigenous population, the telemental health initiative to provide mental health services for these isolated communities, and the impact of these initiative on the wellbeing of the recipients. Chapter concludes with barriers to provide these services and potential solutions in the Australian context.
7
Chan, Emily Ying Yang. Issues in rural health and key messages for health and disaster risk reduction education programmes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807179.003.0007.
Анотація:
A healthy community should have a safe and hygienic environment, with access to basic well-being maintaining facilities and services. Key messages for education programmes related to water management, indoor environment, waste management, health promoting behaviour, and disaster health risk reduction are presented in this chapter. It also aims to share some common health communication and education that might be useful to improve bottom-up resilience for health and disaster health risk reduction in rural communities. Examples from the Ethnic Minority Health Project will also be employed to illustrate how bottom-up resilience towards health and disaster risk in these rural communities might be established.
8
Nicolini, Davide, Harry Scarbrough, and Julia Gracheva. Communities of Practice and Situated Learning in Health Care. Edited by Ewan Ferlie, Kathleen Montgomery, and Anne Reff Pedersen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198705109.013.20.
Анотація:
In this chapter we examine the origins, nature and practical implications of the idea of “community of practice”. We argue that the concept has been used both to illuminate the challenges of creating a “learning culture” in health care and to establish initiatives promote knowledge transfer and sharing. After clarifying some of the key concepts under discussion, the chapter illustrates the general features of this broad family of interventions, discusses their characteristics and summarizes their key success factors. It also shows how the ideas of community of practice and situated learning have been applied in diverse ways by health care organizations and funders, how theses ways of knowing and learning have been inserted into the established institutional order, and the mixed, but sometimes promising, outcomes which have flowed from them.
9
Gant, Larry M. Helping Communities Design Governance Structures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190463311.003.0009.
Анотація:
Abstract: This chapter reviews the bylaws written by six community governance boards taking part in Good Neighborhoods, a comprehensive community initiative concerned with improving the health and well-being of children and youth living in Detroit. A policy review of bylaws suggested that the bylaws are predominantly characteristic of a community-building model of community organizing, with some elements of a power-based model of community organizing. Technical assistance providers can provide technical assistance based on their experience working with boards and their perceptions of board assets and needs. However, a more effective approach might be one in which technical assistance providers develop technical assistance activities and content in collaboration with board feedback. The use of program documentation, such as bylaws, can aid in developing conceptually based technical assistance.
10
Walker, J., and DJ Reuter. Indicators of Catchment Health. CSIRO Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105058.
Анотація:
The primary focus is to provide landholders, catchment groups, catchment and land protection boards, and rural communities with the best tools that science has so far developed for benchmarking and monitoring the condition of the land and water resources in the catchments. A diverse range of potential indicators has been reviewed and the most appropriate suite of indicators assembled to aid this focus. The proposed indicators cover farm productivity and financial performance, product quality, soil health, water quality and landscape integrity.
11
Sidibé, Michel, Helena Nygren-Krug, Bronwyn McBride, and Kent Buse. The Future of Global Governance for Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672676.003.0005.
Анотація:
This chapter argues that the current global health agenda has failed to put people and their rights at the center. With communities unable to have their voices heard, challenge injustice, and hold decision makers to account, states are ill-equipped to realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 3 to ensure healthy lives and well-being for all. The chapter articulates a shift from a discretionary development paradigm to a rights-based paradigm for global health, building on rights-based approaches that have been proven to work—as in the AIDS response. Seven reforms are proposed, addressing: (1) priority-setting, (2) systems for health, (3) data and monitoring, (4) access to justice, (5) the need to safeguard the right to health across sectors, (6) partnerships, and (7) financing. These reforms call for a broad social movement for global governance for health, advancing and operationalizing rights-based approaches across the SDGs.
12
The Knowledge Dialogues Methodology. Pan American Health Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275124703.
Анотація:
Knowledge dialogues, also called intercultural dialogues, are processes of communication and exchange between people, groups or communities that come from different backgrounds or cultures. In the case of the health sector, exchanges take place between certain groups or individuals and trained health personnel. Its objective is, among others, to improve access to health services and build intercultural health, with emphasis on solving previously raised problems and their causes, mutual understanding and the creation of solid links. This publication, which contains the methodology applicable to this field, is aimed at health personnel or other areas and sectors in order to contribute to the search for ways to know, share and build healthy practices. The groups considered in this case are the indigenous and Roma populations, and the Afro-descendants, although strictly speaking the methodology can be applied to working with any group (migrants, displaced persons, adolescents, the elderly, etc.) that presents problems of universal access to health and universal health coverage.
13
Krause, Neal M. Religion, Virtues, and Health. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197587652.001.0001.
Анотація:
The literature on the relationship between religion and health is vast, but it is in a state of disarray. One empirical study has been piled upon another, while little effort has been made to integrate them into a more tightly knit theoretical whole. This book was designed to address this problem. It is the product of 40 years of empirical research, hundreds of peer-reviewed publications, and countless hours of deep reflection. This volume contributes to the literature in three ways: (1) a unique approach to theory construction and model development is presented that is designed to produce a conceptual scheme that is evidence based and empirically verifiable; (2) a new construct—communities of faith—that has largely been overlooked in empirical studies on religion is introduced; and (3) the need is highlighted for a no-holds-barred discussion of how to practice one’s research craft.
14
Shelley, Emer, and Margaret E. Cupples. Health promotion to improve cardiovascular health in the general population. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0024.
Анотація:
Prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) requires consideration of the extent to which the social, physical, and fiscal environment facilitates heart-healthy lifestyles. The high-risk strategy for prevention offers major benefits for those with diagnosed CVD and those known to be at increased risk compared with their peers. From a population health perspective strategies to reduce risk in the majority not known to be at high risk have the potential for much greater benefits. Prevention programmes to improve CVD risk in communities should tailor objectives and programme design, including evaluation, to the resources available. Baseline information is required on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, as well as risk factors and morbidity, in order to raise awareness of needs, support programmes appropriately, and help reduce inequalities. Responsibility for changing behaviour rests with the individual, but preventive services can provide support, involving partners and family members.
15
Gulliford, Martin, and Edmund Jessop, eds. Healthcare Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837206.001.0001.
Анотація:
Healthcare public health is concerned with the application of population sciences to the design, organization, and delivery of healthcare services, with the ultimate aim of improving population health. This book provides a modern introduction to the methods and subject matter of healthcare public health, bringing together coverage of all the key areas in a single volume. Topics include healthcare needs’ assessment; access to healthcare; knowledge management; ethical issues; involvement of patients and the public; population screening; health promotion and disease prevention; new service models; programme budgeting and preparation of a business case; evaluation and outcomes; patient safety, and implementation and improvement sciences; healthcare in remote and resource-poor regions; and disasters and emergencies. Drawing on international perspectives, this volume will be relevant wherever healthcare is delivered. It will enable students, researchers, academics, practitioners, and policy makers to contribute to the goals of designing and delivering health services that improve population health, reduce inequalities, and meet the needs of individuals and communities.
16
Popple, Simon, Andrew Prescott, and Daniel Mutibwa, eds. Communities, Archives and New Collaborative Practices. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447341895.001.0001.
Анотація:
Community archives are often viewed as repositories of knowledge and experience that are nevertheless somehow remote from the taxpayers who often fund them. However, the idea of an archive has more recently been popularized by digital resources that allow access to established archives and also permit users to create archives of their own. This book examines the changing relationship between citizens and their notions of archives. The growing number of archives, and the evolving practices associated with collecting and curating, mean that we are now in the process of remaking the very idea of the archive. Communities have been at the heart of this exciting work and their experiences are both central to our understanding of this new terrain and in challenging the traditional histories behind the control of knowledge and power. Using a wide range of case studies, this edited collection shows how community engagement and co-creation is challenging and extending the notion of the archive.
17
Fagan, Abigail A., J. David Hawkins, Richard F. Catalano, and David P. Farrington. Community-Based Prevention of Youth Behavioral Health Problems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190299217.003.0001.
Анотація:
Preventing childhood and adolescent behavioral health problems such as substance use, delinquency, violence, school drop-out, and mental health problems can reduce the social and financial costs that can occur following these behaviors. Using a public health approach, prevention scientists from diverse fields have created and tested a variety of interventions to reduce the risk factors and increase the protective factors related to these problems. A growing number of these interventions have been demonstrated as effective—that is, they prevent the onset and/or reduce the frequency of multiple behavioral health problems. However, these evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are not widely used by community-based organizations. This chapter discusses how community-based prevention systems, particularly the Communities That Care (CTC) system, can help build the capacity of local communities to implement EBIs. The core components and effectiveness of CTC are reviewed and compared to other community-based prevention systems.
18
Spicer, Paul, Patricia Farrell, Michelle C. Sarche, and Hiram E. Fitzgerald, eds. American Indian and Alaska Native Children and Mental Health. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400610905.
Анотація:
This unique book examines the physical, psychological, social, and environmental factors that support or undermine healthy development in American Indian children, including economics, biology, and public policies. The reasons for mental health issues among American Indian and Alaska Native children have not been well understood by investigators outside of tribal communities. Developing appropriate methodological approaches and evidence-based programs for helping these youths is an urgent priority in developmental science. This work must be done in ways that are cognizant of how the negative consequences of colonization contribute to American Indian and Alaska Native tribal members' underutilization of mental health services, higher therapy dropout rates, and poor response to culturally insensitive treatment programs. This book examines the forces affecting psychological development and mental health in American Indian children today. Experts from leading universities discuss factors such as family conditions, economic status, and academic achievement, as well as political, social, national, and global influences, including racism. Specific attention is paid to topics such as the role of community in youth mental health issues, depression in American Indian parents, substance abuse and alcohol dependency, and the unique socioeconomic characteristics of this ethnic group.
19
Mukherjee, Joia, and Paul Farmer. An Introduction to Global Health Delivery. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197607251.001.0001.
Анотація:
What has called so many young people to the field of global health is the passion to be a force for change, to work on the positive side of globalization, and to be part of a movement for human rights. This passion stems from the knowledge that the world is not OK. Impoverished people are suffering and dying from treatable diseases, while the wealthy live well into their 80s and 90s. These disparities exist between and within countries. COVID-19 has further demonstrated the need for global equity and our mutual interdependence. Yet the road to health equity is long. People living in countries and communities marred by slavery, colonialism, resource extraction, and neoliberal market policies have markedly less access to health care than the wealthy. Developing equitable health systems requires understanding the history and political economy of communities and countries and working to adequately resource health delivery. Equitable health care also requires strong advocacy for the right to health. In fact, the current era in global health was sparked by advocacy—the activist movement for AIDS treatment access, for the universality of the right to health and to a share of scientific advancement. The same advocacy is needed now as vaccines and treatments are developed for COVID-19. This book centers global health in principles of equity and social justice and positions global health as a field to fulfill the universal right to health.
20
Expanding Equitable Access to Health Services: Recommendations for Transforming Health Systems toward Universal Health. Pan American Health Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275124260.
Анотація:
The Region of the Americas has made considerable progress in improving the health of its population, but it remains one of the most inequitable regions in the world. The challenges are enormous and varied: millions of people lack access to comprehensive health services, health systems provide fragmented care, and there are major disparities in human resources for health. In response to these challenges, PAHO adopted the Strategy for Universal Access to Health and Universal Health Coverage in 2014, recognizing the need to transform or strengthen health systems and services to combat health inequities and secure health and well-being for all people in the Region. This report addresses the basic aspects of implementing the Strategy, offering Member States a series of practical recommendations to help them plan and implement changes that will lead to the strengthening of their health services. It reviews the practical recommendations related to the first strategic line of the Strategy and the three interrelated lines of action. It also explains how to select the services and benefits that should be prioritized as part of the progressive expansion of health services to communities. Finally, it considers issues related to stewardship and the management of transformative change. Understanding how to address change and stimulate investment in health, well-being, and development is essential to achieving universal access to health and universal health coverage.
21
Krumholz Marchette, Lauren, Kristel Thomassin, Jacqueline Hersh, Heather A. MacPherson, Lauren Santucci, and John R. Weisz. Community Mental Health Settings as a Context for Evidence-Based Practice. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.41.
Анотація:
One avenue for improving access to quality mental health care for children, adolescents, and their families is to provide services in the communities where they live. There has been growing support for the implementation of evidence-based practice in community mental health settings to address the complex needs of diverse young clients. Evidence-based practice encompasses psychometrically sound assessments and empirically supported treatments with appreciation of the culture of communities in which they are provided. This chapter reviews the background of the community mental health movement, describes community mental health settings and the current status of youth evidence-based practices in community care contexts, and explores barriers to and prospects for bringing tested practices for youths into community-based care.
22
Walker, Rae, and Wendy Mason, eds. Climate Change Adaptation for Health and Social Services. CSIRO Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486302536.
Анотація:
Climate Change Adaptation for Health and Social Services addresses concerns from the health and community services sector, including local government, about how to respond to climate change and its impacts on communities.
What should an intervention framework for the community-based health and social services sector contain and how can it complement an organisation's core values, role and work programs? What current direct and indirect impacts of climate change are most relevant to organisations and the communities they serve? Which population groups are most vulnerable to climate change and what are the impacts on them? Above all, what can be done to reduce the current risks from climate change to clients, communities and organisations?
Written by expert researchers and practitioners, this book presents existing research, innovative practice and useful tools to support organisations taking practical steps towards adaptation to the impacts of climate change on people. It examines the evidence of climate change impacts on six of the most vulnerable population groups – people with disability; older people; women and children; Aboriginal people; rural people; and people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds – as well as discussing effective interventions. Other key issues covered include health and social impacts of climate change, adaptation, mitigation, climate change communication, organisational adaptation and a case study of innovation illustrating some of the book’s themes.
Accessible, informative and incorporating extensive evidence and experience, Climate Change Adaptation for Health and Social Services is relevant for anyone within the health and community services sector concerned about climate change and its impacts on their community.
23
Lee, Bruce Y., Andrew B. Newberg, and Shahla J. Modir. Interaction of Spirituality and Religion with Health, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse. Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0021.
Анотація:
Medical and scientific communities have become interested in the effects of religion on health, mental health, and substance abuse. Coverage of the interplay of religion and health is more frequent in the main stream media. There is a surge in the popularity of spiritual activities, such as yoga and mindfulness meditation, that aim to improve physical and mental health, as well as help with substance abuse. Many patients consider religion to be important and have indicated they would like to discuss religious issues with their psychiatrists. This chapter reviews the clinical effects of religious and spiritual practices on physical, mental health and health-related behaviors. Additionally, we will review the interactive effect of AA on spirituality and recovery, and the impact spirituality can have on improving abstinence from substance abuse. We also will discuss future directions in the roles of religion and spirituality in health care.
24
Harthorn, Barbara H., and Laury Oaks, eds. Risk, Culture, and Health Inequality. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216009320.
Анотація:
Examines the diverse uses and abuses of risk by social actors across a wide range of cultural, ethnic, and geographical locales. The introductory chapter by the two co-editors analyzes and contextualizes current scholarly debates on the social, cultural, and political construction of risk. It is followed by an overview on the anthropology of harm reduction that outlines an innovative framework for culturally informed risk analysis. The remaining nine chapters are organized into three sections, The Cultivation of Fear, Perceptions of Health, Safety, and Hazard: Risk Makers and Risk Takers, and Regulating Risk and the Public’s Health. The book aims to address a set o f questions of theoretical and practical importance to anthropologists, sociologists, public health scholars and professionals, and public policy advocates, among others. These questions include: How do individuals conceptualize and respond to risk? Can risk be a tool of empowerment for individuals and communities who define themselves as at-risk? How has risk figured recently in the production of health inequality? Has the social contract to provide care in its broadest sense expanded or contracted around issues of risk? Are risk and the imperative to adhere to risk warnings used by experts as a means of social control? The volume’s contributors, medical anthropologists and sociologists, provide rich, grounded ethnographic case material on the processes at work in everyday social life around the globe, as individuals and groups struggle to make saense of the health risks and inequities in their lives and communities. Authors address an array of urgent health concerns, ranging from food safety to environment, new technologies to infectious disease, in such contrasting locales as the US, Europe, South and Southeast Asia, and North Africa, and across diverse ethnicities and social classes.
25
Shrage, Laurie. Race, Health Disparities, Incarceration, and Structural Inequality. Edited by Naomi Zack. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190236953.013.25.
Анотація:
The HIV/AIDS infection rate today among African American women is twenty times higher than for non-Hispanic white women. Some recent public health studies suggest that the disparities we see in HIV/AIDS between black women and other groups is linked to disproportionately high rates of incarceration for black men in the United States. The connection between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and mass incarceration needs to be examined. Moral and political issues arise insofar as police profiling and racial bias in sentencing are fueling the HIV/AIDS crisis in African American communities.
26
Chan, Emily Ying Yang. Introduction: An example of programme development. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807179.003.0001.
Анотація:
In Asia, people living in disaster-prone rural communities are often characterized by being ethnic-minority-based, living in extreme poverty (less than US$1.25/person/day), and lacking technical ‘know-how’ or resources for disaster preparedness. After disasters, these rural communities are often left to manage their own post-disaster health risks and have to face the post-disaster development challenges alone, particularly those of public health. This chapter discusses the Ethnic Minority Health Project (EMHP) of The Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC) in China since 2009, including its background, goal, project structure, and main areas of interventions. This project serves as an example of how a bottom-up health and disaster risk reduction programme may be established.
27
Fagan, Abigail A., J. David Hawkins, Richard F. Catalano, and David P. Farrington. The Future of CTC and Community-Based Prevention*. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190299217.003.0010.
Анотація:
Although there is growing consensus that community-based prevention efforts have great potential to reduce youth behavioral health problems, few such systems have been well evaluated and demonstrated to produce such outcomes. This chapter begins by reviewing the impact of one such system, Communities That Care. Next, the components of CTC that are responsible for producing desired changes in community norms and processes, and for its effectiveness and cost effectiveness in reducing youth behavioral health problems. The challenges that may be faced by communities in the United States and internationally when implementing CTC and similar community-based interventions are reviewed and solutions to these challenges are provided. The chapter concludes by describing recent developments in the implementation and evaluation of CTC, including the development of an on-line training system and international replications of CTC.
28
Middleton, Nicos, Panayiota Ellina, George Zannoupas, Demetris Lamnisos, and Christiana Kouta. Socio-Economic Inequality in Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0006.
Анотація:
Socioeconomic position (SEP) refers to the relative place an individual or a social group holds within the structure of society. SEP is determined by a multitude of factors, from individual and household circumstances across the life course to social processes operating at higher levels. Even though a complex construct, it is often operationalized using single person-based indicators and/or subjective measures of an individual’s own perceived position in the social ladder. Furthermore, recognizing that social stratification is geographically defined, area-based measures place a community in the socioeconomic disadvantage continuum and are used to quantify the magnitude of geographically defined social inequalities Data driven approaches have been mostly used to construct socioeconomic deprivation indices, commonly using census-based indicators which reflect the sociodemographical compositions of areas. Increasingly, a wider set of methods are been used to capture features of a community’s environment pertaining to the physical, built and social environment.
29
Sahay, Sundeep, T. Sundararaman, and Jørn Braa. Public Health Informatics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758778.001.0001.
Анотація:
Rapid and unpredictable developments in health policies, technologies, disease profiles, institutional environments, and their inter-connections have significant implications on how we design, develop, implement, and use health information systems (HIS) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our current systems have heightened expectations but have proven largely incapable of meeting these new challenges. Nor have they been able to effectively leverage upon the new opportunities that are emerging, such as through the cloud, big data, the proliferation of mobile devices and the Internet of Things, and also the increasing array of new open source software solutions being made available through global development communities. What is required to try and address these challenges and opportunities? This book proposes the ‘Expanded PHI’ (public health informatics) perspective as a way forward, and through the various chapters first seeks to define it, and then apply it to analyse the following key problematics facing public health informatics in the domains of research, practice, and policy: use of information; integration of systems; leveraging cloud computing and big data; design and building of institutions that facilitate; managing complexity; evolving governance mechanisms and standards; responding to the new challenges thrown up by universal health coverage and Sustainable Development Goals; and building synergies between health systems strengthening and health information strengthening efforts. In defining the scope of Expanded PHI, the field of public health informatics is first situated within an informatics context, and then within public health and finally within the context of changing global health policies. Drawing from these contextualizations, the design principles for Expanded PHI are elucidated, based primarily on a social systems perspective, where the health of populations is kept as the central purpose and a participatory and incremental nature of change as the primary strategy.
30
Levy, Barry S., ed. Social Injustice and Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190914653.001.0001.
Анотація:
The third edition of Social Injustice and Public Health provides a comprehensive, up-to-date resource on the relationship of social injustice to the broad field of public health. It includes 29 chapters and many text boxes on a wide range of relevant issues written by 78 contributors who are expert in their respective areas of work. The book includes many descriptions of social injustice and its adverse effects on health, supplemented with many tables, graphs, photographs, and case examples—and many recommendations on what needs to be done to address social injustice. Social Injustice and Public Health is divided into four parts. Part I describes the nature of social injustice and its overall impact on public health. Part II describes how the health of specific population groups is affected by social injustice. Part III describes how social injustice adversely impacts various aspects of health, such as infectious diseases, nutrition, noncommunicable diseases, mental health, and violence. Part IV broadly addresses what needs to be done, from a variety of perspectives, ranging from addressing social injustice in a human rights context, to strengthening communities, to promoting equitable and sustainable human development.
31
Burns, Tom, and Mike Firn. Cultural sensitivity. Edited by Tom Burns and Mike Firn. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754237.003.0009.
Анотація:
This chapter concentrates on ethnicity and the complex relationship with both economic disadvantage and mental health access and outcomes when working in culturally diverse communities. The social processes that underlie cultural norms in behaviour and beliefs are discussed with examples of how mental health community services must be alert to unconscious and other forms of discrimination. Understanding each unique individual in the context of their families, communities, shared history, and how they see the world around them is the core task for mental health workers. Implications for practice, team composition, and training are explored, including dealing with racism towards staff as well as from within services and institutions. The legal framework of the Equalities Act in the UK is used as a guide.
32
Walker, R. Dale, and Douglas A. Bigelow. Evidence-Informed, Culture-Based Interventions and Best Practices in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0002.
Анотація:
This chapter provides information and advice to audiences at the practice, program management, and governance levels concerned with “evidence-based programs and practices” in Native Communities. The authors emphasize a defense of culture-based knowledge and practice because the systematic attempt to impose an “evidence-based” mandate on providers of behavioral health services in Native Communities has not been an incentive to incorporate scientifically tested information about interventions. The approach recommended here respects and accommodates culture-based knowledge, ways of knowing, and practice in Native Communities while facilitating the uptake of science-based knowledge.
33
Chan, Emily Ying Yang. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807179.003.0011.
Анотація:
As of 2010, the global population has transited from rural-based to urban-based settlement patterns. While urbanization poses much pressure to city residents, ‘rural living’ continues to represent more than 40% of the way our global citizens will be living for the coming century. This chapter provides some concluding remarks for Building Bottom-up Health and Disaster Risk Reduction Programmes, highlighting the importance of building bottom-up health and disaster risk reduction programmes in rural Asia that strengthen resilience in rural communities, and how careful planning, coordination, and contribution from international bodies, national governments, local communities, and the volunteer sector are also required.
34
Sharfstein, Joshua M. The Public Health Crisis Survival Guide. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197660294.001.0001.
Анотація:
Abstract Firefighters fight fires. Police officers race to crime scenes, sirens blaring. And health officials? Health officials respond to crises. There are infectious disease crises, budget crises, environmental health crises, human resources crises—and many more. At such critical moments, what happens next really matters. A strong response can generate greater credibility and authority for a health agency and its leadership, while a bungled response can lead to humiliation and even resignation. Health officials must be able to manage and communicate effectively as emotions run high, communities become engaged, politicians lean in, and journalists circle. In popular imagination, leaders intuitively rise to the challenge of a crisis: Either they have what it takes or they do not. In fact, preparation is invaluable, and critical skills can be learned and practiced. Students and health officials alike can prepare not only to avoid catastrophe during crises, but to take advantage of new opportunities for health improvement. The Public Health Crisis Survival Guide provides historical perspective, managerial insight, and strategic guidance to help health officials at all levels not just survive but thrive in the most challenging of times.
35
Sharfstein, Joshua M. The Public Health Crisis Survival Guide. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697211.001.0001.
Анотація:
Firefighters fight fires. Police officers race to crime scenes, sirens blaring. And health officials? Health officials respond to crises. There are infectious disease crises, budget crises, environmental health crises, human resources crises—and many more. At such critical moments, what happens next really matters. A strong response can generate greater credibility and authority for a health agency and its leadership, while a bungled response can lead to humiliation and even resignation. Health officials must be able to manage and communicate effectively as emotions run high, communities become engaged, politicians lean in, and journalists circle. In popular imagination, leaders intuitively rise to the challenge of a crisis: Either they have what it takes or they do not. In fact, preparation is invaluable, and critical skills can be learned and practiced. Students and health officials alike can prepare not only to avoid catastrophe during crises, but to take advantage of new opportunities for health improvement. The Public Health Crisis Survival Guide provides historical perspective, managerial insight, and strategic guidance to help health officials at all levels not just survive but thrive in the most challenging of times.
36
Sahay, Sundeep, T. Sundararaman, and Jørn Braa. The ‘Information-Use Problematic’ in Health Information Systems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758778.003.0003.
Анотація:
It is well understood that use of information is essential not only for justifying the investments made in building information systems, but they are also essential for improving the quality and equity of healthcare delivery. The paradox is that there is a data overload that impedes relevant information use, and to solve this more IT systems are deployed, thus creating more data, which further confounds the information use problem. One reason for this is that health information systems in LMICs are typically not conceived as built for users at different levels with varying needs, but primarily to satisfy the monitoring and control needs of central apex authorities and funding agencies. While in recent years, tremendous improvements have been made in LMICs, there still tends to exist a weak understanding and use of indicators, poor data quality that is all too readily and mistakenly attributed to non-truthful reporting when there are many other remediable factors at work. The Expanded PHI approach seeks to address these issues. It posits that meanings can be best made only through ‘conversations over data’, and user friendly systems requires ‘communities of practice’ to build and sustain.
37
Hospitals in Integrated Health Service Delivery Networks: Strategic Recommendations. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275120040.
Анотація:
In 2007, PAHO launched the Integrated Health Service Delivery Network (IHSDN) initiative to address the problems derived from the fragmentation of health services and to overcome the structural problems stemming from the widespread segmentation of health systems in the countries of the Region. In the IHSDN initiative, hospitals are an aggregate of specialized institutions that support a highly effective first level of care. Hospitals themselves are defragmented, which is theoretically correct, innovative, and even visionary. However, the IHSDN initiative does not seek to diminish the influence of hospitals in the health system or the importance of their role, but to integrate these institutions so that all their efforts are aligned with the needs of the people and communities they serve through the development of IHSDNs. It is obvious that without hospitals there can be no IHSDNs; however, it should also be recognized that without effective networks, hospitals cannot do their job. The IHSDN initiative presents a change in the role assigned to hospitals, in which they are no longer considered the apex of a pyramid in which the hierarchy is based on specialization to successfully treat disease. Instead, the hospital becomes a very important participant in a service organized as a network, performing specific tasks in a series of processes that cut repeatedly across the health service delivery network and include the participation of individuals and communities. The product of an intense debate and joint effort, this work contains a series of proposals in the six areas considered a priority for developing the new role of hospitals in IHSDNs: governance, resource allocation and incentives, the model of care, technology and infrastructure, human resources, and organization and management.
38
Hartt, Maxwell, Samantha Biglieri, Mark Rosenberg, and Sarah Nelson, eds. Aging People, Aging Places. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352563.001.0001.
Анотація:
How well do the places where we live support the wellbeing of older adults? The Canadian population is growing older and is reshaping the nation's economic, social and cultural future. However, the built and social environments of many communities, neighbourhoods and cities have not been designed to help Canadians age well. Bringing together academic research, practitioner reflections and personal narratives from older adults across Canada, this cutting-edge text provides a rare spotlight on the local implications of aging in Canadian cities and communities. It explores employment, housing, transportation, cultural safety, health, planning and more, to provide a wide-ranging and comprehensive discussion of how to build supportive communities for Canadians of all ages.
39
Blacksher, Erika. Public Health and Social Justice: An Argument Against Stigma as a Tool of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.24.
Анотація:
This chapter argues against the use of stigma-inducing measures as tools of public health on grounds of social justice. The value of social justice in public health includes both a distributive demand for a fair share of health and the social determinants thereof and a recognitional demand to be treated as a peer in public life. The use of stigma-inducing measures violates the first demand by thwarting people’s access to important intra- and interpersonal, communal, and institutional resources that confer a health advantage; it violates the second by denying people’s shared humanity and ignoring complex non-dominant identities. The position taken in this chapter does not preclude public health measures that regulate and ban health-harming substances or try to move people toward healthier behaviors. It does require that public health partner with people to identify their communities’ health challenges and opportunities and to treat people as resourceful agents of change.
40
Geyer, Cynthia. Optimizing Integrative and Preventive Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190241254.003.0013.
Анотація:
The practice of integrative and preventive medicine plays a critical role in improving the health and well-being of people, families, and communities. This chapter covers several key steps to optimize the effective practice of integrative and preventive medicine, including the importance the clinician–patient partnership; prioritizing pain, stress, and emotional distress; and clearly communicating the reasoning behind recommendations. The successful clinician should be able to engage with patients as partners through their health journey, make appropriate referrals to other members of the integrative medicine team, encourage self-efficacy and health behavior change, ensure patient understanding, and schedule periodic follow-up and reassessment.
41
Omaswa, Francis, and Nigel Crisp. Introduction to Part 3: All the resources of the community. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703327.003.0007.
Анотація:
Chapter 7 describes how many African health leaders have been very effective in using the resources of their community in their efforts to improve health. They have improvised and innovated: pressing sometimes very unlikely equipment, facilities, and people into service. It covers accounts from Kenya and Nigeria about how two leaders have developed new approaches to tackling disease through building on the strengths of local communities. It also describes the wider political, economic, and social context and the work of the AU, which is covered in detail in a later chapter.
42
Beresford, Peter, Michelle Farr, Gary Hickey, Meerat Kaur, Josephine Ocloo, Doreen Tembo, and Oli Williams, eds. COVID-19 and Co-production in Health and Social Care Research, Policy and Practice: Volume 1: The Challenges and Necessity of Co-production. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47674/9781447361770.
Анотація:
EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Groups most severely affected by COVID-19 have tended to be those marginalised before the pandemic and are now largely being ignored in developing responses to it. This two-volume set of Rapid Responses explores the urgent need to put co-production and participatory approaches at the heart of responses to the pandemic and demonstrates how policymakers, health and social care practitioners, patients, service users, carers and public contributors can make this happen. The first volume investigates how, at the outset of the pandemic, the limits of existing structures severely undermined the potential of co-production. It also gives voice to a diversity of marginalised communities to illustrate how they have been affected and to demonstrate why co-produced responses are so important both now during this pandemic and in the future.
43
Mitchem, Laura, Henrietta Harrison, and Alex G. Stewart. Fire and fear: Immediate and long-term health aspects. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.003.0014.
Анотація:
Fires can cause significant health concerns within local communities impacted by any associated smoke plume. This chapter discusses the potential public health concerns associated with fires, in particular fires at waste-processing installations. Using an example scenario, actions to be undertaken throughout the incident response, from initial acute phase to recovery, are considered, along with health concerns and fears, real or perceived, involvement of asbestos-contaminant material, multi-agency communication mechanisms, and potential issues associated with long-running fires. The multi-agency mechanisms for response are detailed, including the various coordinating groups (strategic, tactical, recovery coordinating groups (SCG, TCG, RCG, respectively), and expert cells (scientific and technical advisor cell, air quality cell (AQC)). Key points to note in the incident response include concerns raised by the local population, typical health effects associated with exposure to a smoke plume, and tools that support the response to the incident and the public health risk assessment.
44
Adsul, Prajakta, and Purnima Madhivanan. Assessing the Community Context When Implementing Cervical Cancer Screening Programs. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0032.
Анотація:
This case study demonstrates the use of qualitative, community-based, participatory research to understand the context in which cervical cancer screening programs are implemented in rural India, thereby enabling not just successful implementation but also future sustainability of the program in the community. A series of studies were undertaken to understand the cervical cancer screening program in its current state and provide information for the implementation of future programs. These studies included (1) qualitative interviews with physicians delivering cervical cancer care in the private and public sector, (2) focus group discussions with health workers in primary health care clinics, and (3) photovoice study with women residing in the communities. Study findings helped identify elements of the social and cultural context of rural communities, thereby providing a rich understanding of factors influencing of cervical cancer screening that can be integrated into pre-intervention capacity development in the future.
45
Brownson, Ross C., Graham A. Colditz, and Enola K. Proctor, eds. Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683214.001.0001.
Анотація:
Fifteen to twenty years is how long it takes for the billions of dollars of health-related research to translate into evidence-based policies and programs suitable for public use. Over the past 15 years, an exciting science has emerged that seeks to narrow the gap between the discovery of new knowledge and its application in public health, mental health, and health care settings. Dissemination and implementation (D&I) research seeks to understand how to best apply scientific advances in the real world, by focusing on pushing the evidence-based knowledge base out into routine use. To help propel this crucial field forward, leading D&I scholars and researchers have collaborated to put together this volume to address a number of key issues, including: how to evaluate the evidence base on effective interventions; which strategies will produce the greatest impact; how to design an appropriate study; and how to track a set of essential outcomes. D&I studies must also take into account the barriers to uptake of evidence-based interventions in the communities where people live their lives and the social service agencies, hospitals, and clinics where they receive care. The challenges of moving research to practice and policy are universal, and future progress calls for collaborative partnerships and cross-country research. The fundamental tenet of D&I research—taking what we know about improving health and putting it into practice—must be the highest priority. This book is nothing less than a roadmap that will have broad appeal to researchers and practitioners across many disciplines.
46
Chrubasik, Boris, and Daniel King, eds. Hellenism and the Local Communities of the Eastern Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805663.001.0001.
Анотація:
This volume focuses on questions of Greek and non-Greek cultural interaction in the eastern Mediterranean and the ancient Near East during a broadly defined Hellenistic period from 400 BCE–250 CE. While recent historiographical emphasis on the non-Greek cultures of the eastern Mediterranean is a critical methodological advancement, this volume re-examines the presence of Greek cultural elements in these areas. The regions discussed—Asia Minor, Egypt, the Levant, and Mesopotamia—were quite different from one another; so, too, were the cross-cultural interactions we can observe in each case. Nevertheless, overarching questions that unite these local phenomena are addressed by leading scholars in their individual contributions. These questions are at the heart of this volume: Why did the non-Greek communities of the Eastern Mediterranean engage so closely with Greek cultural forms and political and cultural practices? How did this engagement translate into the daily lives of the non-Greek cultures of Asia Minor, the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Egypt? Local engagement differed from region to region, but some elements, such as local forms of the polis and writing in the Greek language, were attractive for many of the non-Greek communities from fourth-century Anatolia to second-century Babylon. The Greek empires and the Greek communities of the Eastern Mediterranean, too, were transformed by these local interpretations. The presence of adapted, changed, and locally interpreted Greek elements deeply entrenched in each community’s culture are for us the many forms of Hellenisms, but it is ultimately these categories, too, that this volume wishes to examine.
47
D’Amora, David A., Mai P. Tran, and Fred C. Osher. Achieving positive outcomes for justice-involved people with behavioural health disorders. Edited by Alec Buchanan and Lisa Wootton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738664.003.0005.
Анотація:
Across the United States, a disproportionate number of individuals with behavioural health disorders (mental, substance-use, or co-occurring disorders) are under correctional supervision. This creates challenges for corrections systems that must juggle the multiple responsibilities of confinement, rehabilitation, treatment, and supervision. Correctional administrators and behavioural health administrators who work with the same populations have different goals that may lead to conflicting priorities and decisions: correctional administrators’ primary goal is to ensure public safety, whereas behavioural health administrators’ primary goals are treatment and recovery. While some efforts have been made to collaborate and coordinate between the two groups, little consensus exists between the two communities on how to serve their shared population. This chapter presents a shared framework for both groups for reducing recidivism and the prevalence of behavioural health disorders among individuals under correctional control or supervision, while also optimizing the best use of their limited resources.
48
Higgins-Desbiolles, Freya, and Bobbie Chew Bigby, eds. The Local Turn in Tourism. Channel View Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/higgin8793.
Анотація:
This book considers the vital importance of local communities to just and sustainable tourism futures. The contributors examine how tourism can be reoriented to better connect people, place and planet. This local turn starts by centring local communities at the heart of tourism and identifies ways to ensure local community rights and benefits.
49
The Deshkan Ziibi Conservation Impact Bond Project: On Conservation Finance, Decolonization, and Community-Based Participatory Research. Western Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/101121ipib.
Анотація:
The Deshkan Ziibi Conservation Impact Bond (CIB) model was developed in Canada as a novel approach to conservation finance building on components of existing conservation funding models. The CIB model responds to the urgent need for piloting reconciliatory and cross-cultural ways of collaborating with Indigenous communities to diversify investment partnerships and redirect capital to conservation efforts that promote the regeneration of land and reciprocal and respectful relationships in southern Ontario. The CIB is a financial instrument that facilitates cross-cultural collaboration by providing a common goal amongst a diverse set of sectors, partners, and worldviews to promote healthy landscapes and empower relationships between people and ecosystems. By leveraging financial incentives, this model aims to engage partners who may not have otherwise been attracted to conservation efforts. By tying financial returns to impact metrics of holistic landscape health that incorporate Indigenous worldviews and values of nature, this innovative instrument seeks to contribute towards shifting the conservation finance paradigm more broadly by engaging in the ongoing process of decolonizing the financialization of nature.
50
Currow, David C., and Stein Kaasa. Policy in palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0004.
Анотація:
Hospice and palliative care services have developed in very different ways around the world. Most have been built on the momentum of visionary clinicians and funders who have responded to perceived needs from health-care providers, patients, families, and communities rather than in response to well-formed national policies with an adequately funded planning and development phase. This chapter describes the work that is being done at pan-national, national, and sub-national levels to create effective policies that can further the key work of hospice/palliative care, often after a large number of apparently unconnected local services have been well established. The chapter highlights that there are particular challenges in forming public policy on hospice/palliative care, especially the end-of-life component, and notes the importance of ‘patients’ voices’-the voice of the community which helps to inform health policies including end-of-life care. The chapter ends by describing a variety of country-specific and World Health Organization policy documents and legislation.