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Статті в журналах з теми "Bearded dragons"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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1

Walden, Michael, and Mark A. Mitchell. "Pathogenesis of Isospora amphiboluri in Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020438.

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Isospora amphiboluri is a common coccidian found in captive bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). To minimize the impact of this parasite, it is important to characterize its pathogenesis so that we can develop appropriate methods for diagnosis and treatment. Forty-five juvenile bearded dragons were used for this two-part study. In the first part, ten bearded dragons were infected with 20,000 oocysts per os, while a control group of five animals received only water. Feces were collected over 45 days and screened for oocysts. In the second part, thirty bearded dragons were used to characterize the pathogenesis of I. amphiboluri. Twenty-five bearded dragons were infected as described previously, while five animals served as controls. Five infected bearded dragons and one control were humanely euthanized on days 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 post-infection for complete necropsies. The pre-patent period for I. amphiboluri was found to be 18.6 ± 1.9 days (range 15–22 days). Histopathology confirmed that I. amphiboluri follows a homoxenous life cycle. Infections begin in the duodenum and progress to the colon over time. The findings of this study can be used to develop better quarantine and treatment protocols for captive bearded dragons.

2

Chang, Wei-Shan, Ci-Xiu Li, Jane Hall, John-Sebastian Eden, Timothy H. Hyndman, Edward C. Holmes, and Karrie Rose. "Meta-Transcriptomic Discovery of a Divergent Circovirus and a Chaphamaparvovirus in Captive Reptiles with Proliferative Respiratory Syndrome." Viruses 12, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12101073.

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Viral pathogens are being increasingly described in association with mass morbidity and mortality events in reptiles. However, our knowledge of reptile viruses remains limited. Herein, we describe the meta-transcriptomic investigation of a mass morbidity and mortality event in a colony of central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) in 2014. Severe, extensive proliferation of the respiratory epithelium was consistently found in affected dragons. Similar proliferative lung lesions were identified in bearded dragons from the same colony in 2020 in association with increased intermittent mortality. Total RNA sequencing identified two divergent DNA viruses: a reptile-infecting circovirus, denoted bearded dragon circovirus (BDCV), and the first exogeneous reptilian chaphamaparvovirus—bearded dragon chaphamaparvovirus (BDchPV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BDCV was most closely related to bat-associated circoviruses, exhibiting 70% amino acid sequence identity in the Replicase (Rep) protein. In contrast, in the nonstructural (NS) protein, the newly discovered BDchPV showed approximately 31%–35% identity to parvoviruses obtained from tilapia fish and crocodiles in China. Subsequent specific PCR assays revealed BDCV and BDchPV in both diseased and apparently normal captive reptiles, although only BDCV was found in those animals with proliferative pulmonary lesions and respiratory disease. This study expands our understanding of viral diversity in captive reptiles.

3

Plothe, Theo. "Bearded Dragons at Play." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 7, no. 3 (June 24, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v7i3.523.

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Animals have long appeared as the subjects and characters in digital games, but game studies scholars have rarely considered animals as players of digital games. This paper examines the mobile digital game Ant Smasher and YouTube videos of bearded dragons playing the game. This article advocates for the inclusion of these bearded dragons in gamerspace as not only a personification of the gamer within the space but as a conduit for play, a channel for gamers to breach the boundaries of gamerspace – the cultural and discursive space surrounding digital games that negotiates the relationship between the digital game and its impact on the world at large. Through an analysis of 50 YouTube videos representing these play experiences, this article considers the place of these videos within gamerspace. The implications of this work serve to better understand the relationships between digital gaming, play, and human and non-human actors in interaction with haptic media. This example also expands upon our understandings of play as a whole.

4

Knotek, Z. "Induction to inhalation anaesthesia in agamid lizards with alfaxalone." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 1 (January 27, 2017): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/91/2016-vetmed.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate intravenous anaesthesia with alfaxalone for tracheal tube insertion in three species of agamid lizards. Alfaxalone, at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg, was administered intravenously to 80 inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), 10 Rankin’s dragons (Pogona henrylawsoni) and 10 Chinese water dragons (Physignathus cocincinus) following 24 h of fasting. The righting reflex in inland bearded dragons, Rankin’s dragons and Chinese water dragons was lost within 12–45 s (17.52 ± 8.80 s), 15–40 s (24.60 ± 9.61 s) and 12–40 s (21.70 ± 9.53 s), respectively. The mean tracheal tube insertion time for inland bearded dragons, Rankin’s dragons and Chinese water dragons was 23.61 ± 10.91 s, 35.30 ± 14.71 s and 32.00 ± 14.32 s, respectively. Intravenous use of alfaxalone proved to be a suitable method for safe tracheal tube insertion and induction to inhalation anaesthesia in agamid lizards.

5

Schmidt-Ukaj, S., M. Hochleithner, B. Richter, C. Hochleithner, D. Brandstetter, and Z. Knotek. "A survey of diseases in captive bearded dragons: a retrospective study of 529 patients." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 9 (September 20, 2017): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/162/2016-vetmed.

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The aim of this clinical retrospective study was to analyse the prevalence of common disorders in 529 captive bearded dragons that were presented to three exotic animal clinics in Central Europe (Austria and Czech Republic) over a period of three years. A diagnosis was made on the basis of the presenting clinical signs and physical examination in 30.8% of the cases, whereas various additional diagnostic tests were performed in the other cases (69.2%). These included diagnostic imaging (radiography, ultrasound and computed tomography), examination of faecal samples for the presence of parasites, a blood-profile analysis, histological, as well as bacteriological and mycological examinations and necropsy. Gastrointestinal diseases (42.67%) like endoparasitism, constipation, sand ingestion, tympany and meteorism were the most common disorders. In 51.92% of the cases of constipation, endoparasites were present, whereas in 38.46% of the cases of constipation, metabolic bone diseases and imbalances in calcium and phosphorus levels were detected. Most of the analysed faecal samples (83.27%) were positive for the presence of endoparasites (48.7% pinworms, 25.39% coccidians and 16.06% flagellates). Dermatological problems (22.4%) contained skin tumours, which were observed in adult lizards (age range from three to eight years) and included spindle cell tumour on the eyelid, as well as spindle cell sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma on the trunk. Osteodystrophy, limb fractures and various types of necrosis on the limbs and tail were frequently observed musculoskeletal disorders (18.93%). Over half of all animals (57.14%) that underwent a blood test, showed a deviation in the calcium-phosphorus ratio, 63.98% showed hypocalcaemia and 26.71% hyperphosphataemia. Diseases of the urogenital system (9.47%) included renal diseases and dystocia. Neoplastic diseases besides skin tumours included two cases of leukaemia in 4-year-old bearded dragons, one of these with lymphoma in kidneys, lungs and liver and one ganglioneuroma in the body cavity of a bearded dragon of unknown age. Orthopaedic surgeries were most frequently performed to amputate the limbs or tail, whereas soft-tissue surgeries most often included the treatment of skin wounds and correction of cloacal prolapse, in addition to ovariectomy, salpingotomy or salpingectomy in female bearded dragons. Similar to the situation in Australia and the USA, infectious as well as non-infectious diseases are common in captive bearded dragons in Central Europe. Due to the high occurrence of endoparasitism, skin diseases and metabolic bone diseases in this present study, regular veterinary controls in bearded dragons including parasitological faecal examinations and optimisation of feeding and housing are necessary to improve the standard of health of bearded dragons kept as pet lizards in Europe.

6

Rowland, Mark. "Veterinary care of bearded dragons." In Practice 31, no. 10 (November 2009): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inpract.31.10.506.

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7

Barboza, Trinita K., Leonardo Susta, Alex zur Linden, Sara Gardhouse, and Hugues Beaufrère. "Association of plasma metabolites and diagnostic imaging findings with hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and effects of gemfibrozil therapy." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): e0274060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274060.

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Objectives To evaluate the association between plasma metabolites, biochemical analytes, diagnostic imaging findings, and the histologic diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons. To assess the effects of gemfibrozil therapy on hepatic lipid accumulation and associated diagnostic tests. Animals Fourteen bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) with varying severity of hepatic lipid accumulation (with and without hepatic lipidosis) were included. Procedures Animals underwent coelomic ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scans, and coelioscopic hepatic biopsies. Clinical pathology tests included lipidologic tests, hepatic biomarkers, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Animals were medicated with gemfibrozil 6mg/kg orally once a day for 2 months in a randomized blinded clinical trial prior to repeating previous diagnostic testing. Results Hounsfield units on CT were negatively associated with increased hepatic vacuolation, while ultrasound and gross evaluation of the liver were not reliable. Beta-hydroxybutyric-acid (BHBA) concentrations were significantly associated with hepatic lipidosis. Metabolomics and lipidomics data found BHBA and succinic acid to be potential biomarkers for diagnosing hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons. Succinic acid concentrations were significantly lower in the gemfibrozil treatment group. There was a tendency for improvement in the biomarkers and reduced hepatic fat in bearded dragons with hepatic lipidosis when treated with gemfibrozil, though the improvement was not statistically significant. Conclusions These findings provide information on the antemortem assessment of hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons and paves the way for further research in diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

8

Wünschmann, Arno, Aníbal G. Armién, April L. Childress, James F. X. Wellehan, and Federico Giannitti. "Intrapericardial Encephalitozoon pogonae–associated arteritis with fatal hemopericardium in two juvenile central bearded dragons." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 31, no. 3 (February 22, 2019): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719834330.

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Two male juvenile central bearded dragons ( Pogona vitticeps) were submitted for postmortem examination after dying at their respective homes. Dragon 1 had marked hemopericardium with restrictive epicarditis. The inner aspect of the distended pericardial sac was lined by a fibrinoheterophilic membrane. In addition, granulomas abutted the testes. Dragon 2 had acute hemopericardium and granulomatous arteritis of the great vessels exiting the heart. Histologically, both animals had granulomatous arteritis of the large arteries with intrahistiocytic gram-positive, slightly elongated, up to 2 μm long microorganisms that contained a vacuole. These microorganisms were also present in the paratesticular granulomas. On transmission electron microscopy, the microorganisms were identified as microsporidians given the presence of exospore, endospore, vacuole, nucleus, and a filament with 4–6 coils. The microsporidia were identified as Encephalitozoon pogonae based on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 of the ribosomal RNA genes. Microsporidia are agents of disease in bearded dragons. Intrapericardial arteritis of large arteries with hemopericardium or restrictive epicarditis is a fatal manifestation of this infection.

9

KADEKARU, Sho, Tetsuya SUZUKI, and Yumi UNE. "Gastric Carcinoid in Three Bearded Dragons." Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 63, no. 12 (2010): 945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12935/jvma.63.945.

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10

Bucy, Daniel S., David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, and Allison L. Zwingenberger. "Ultrasonographic anatomy of bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 246, no. 8 (April 15, 2015): 868–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.246.8.868.

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11

Knight, Kathryn. "Bearded dragons colour match their home territory." Journal of Experimental Biology 220, no. 6 (March 15, 2017): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.158667.

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12

Johnston, Sonya D., Sandra Orgeig, Olga V. Lopatko, and Christopher B. Daniels. "Development of the pulmonary surfactant system in two oviparous vertebrates." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): R486—R493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.2.r486.

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In birds and oviparous reptiles, hatching is often a lengthy and exhausting process, which commences with pipping followed by lung clearance and pulmonary ventilation. We examined the composition of pulmonary surfactant in the developing lungs of the chicken, Gallus gallus, and of the bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps. Lung tissue was collected from chicken embryos at days 14, 16, 18 (prepipped), and 20(postpipped) of incubation and from 1 day and 3 wk posthatch and adult animals. In chickens, surfactant protein A mRNA was detected using Northern blot analysis in lung tissue at all stages sampled, appearing relatively earlier in development compared with placental mammals. Chickens were lavaged at days 16, 18, and 20 of incubation and 1 day posthatch, whereas bearded dragons were lavaged at day 55, days 57–60 (postpipped), and days 58–61 (posthatched). In both species, total phospholipid (PL) from the lavage increased throughout incubation. Disaturated PL (DSP) was not measurable before 16 days of incubation in the chick embryo nor before 55 days in bearded dragons. However, the percentage of DSP/PL increased markedly throughout late development in both species. Because cholesterol (Chol) remained unchanged, the Chol/PL and Chol/DSP ratios decreased in both species. Thus the Chol and PL components are differentially regulated. The lizard surfactant system develops and matures over a relatively shorter time than that of birds and mammals. This probably reflects the highly precocial nature of hatchling reptiles.

13

Monahan, Colleen F., Anne Meyer, Michael M. Garner, and Matti Kiupel. "Gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of cutaneous chromatophoromas in captive bearded dragons." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 33, no. 5 (July 2, 2021): 932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10406387211025651.

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Chromatophoromas are neoplasms that develop from the dermal pigment-bearing and light-reflecting cells (chromatophores) in the skin of reptiles, fish, and amphibians. Seventeen cutaneous chromatophoromas were identified from 851 bearded dragon submissions (2%) to a private diagnostic laboratory in a 15-y period. No sex predilection was found. Ages ranged from 9 mo to 11 y. Chromatophoromas most commonly were single, raised, variably pigmented masses or pigmented scales on the trunk, and less commonly the extremities or head. Microscopically, iridophoromas, melanophoromas, mixed chromatophoromas, and nonpigmented chromatophoromas were identified. Neoplasms were often ulcerated and invaded deep into the subcutis and muscle. Most commonly, nuclear atypia was mild-to-moderate, and mitotic count was low. Six neoplasms had abundant, periodic acid-Schiff–positive, mucinous stroma. Histologic examination was often adequate to diagnose chromatophoromas in bearded dragons given that 11 of 17 had some degree of pigmentation, although it was often scant. IHC for S100 and PNL2 could be helpful to diagnose poorly pigmented neoplasms. No lymphatic invasion or metastases at the time of excision were noted in any of the cases. Follow-up data were available for 6 cases, with no reports of recurrence or neoplasia-related death. Two cases had elevated mitotic counts and nuclear pleomorphism, which has been associated with metastasis in other reports of bearded dragon chromatophoromas. In general, it appears that aggressive surgical excision is often curative, but monitoring may be warranted for cases in which tumors had high mitotic count and nuclear pleomorphism.

14

Hepps Keeney, Caitlin M., Joanne L. Intile, Cory S. Sims, and Tara M. Harrison. "Lymphoid leukemia in five bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 258, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 748–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.258.7.748.

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15

Oldfield, Clare Louise. "Bearded Dragons: common husbandry and nutrition-related problems." Veterinary Nursing Journal 29, no. 11 (November 2014): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vnj.12190.

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16

Ritter, J. M., M. M. Garner, J. A. Chilton, E. R. Jacobson, and M. Kiupel. "Gastric Neuroendocrine Carcinomas in Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Veterinary Pathology 46, no. 6 (July 15, 2009): 1109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.09-vp-0019-k-fl.

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17

Black, Ian R. G., and Glenn J. Tattersall. "Thermoregulatory behavior and orientation preference in bearded dragons." Journal of Thermal Biology 69 (October 2017): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.07.009.

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18

Richter, B., J. Csokai, I. Graner, T. Eisenberg, N. Pantchev, H. U. Eskens, and N. Nedorost. "Encephalitozoonosis in Two Inland Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Journal of Comparative Pathology 148, no. 2-3 (February 2013): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.05.009.

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19

Grosset, Claire, James F. X. Wellehan, Sean D. Owens, Sabrina McGraw, Patricia M. Gaffney, Janet Foley, April L. Childress, et al. "Intraerythrocytic iridovirus in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 26, no. 3 (May 2014): 354–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638714534851.

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20

Kim, Dae Young, Mark A. Mitchell, Rudy W. Bauer, Rob Poston, and Doo-Youn Cho. "An Outbreak of Adenoviral Infection in Inland Bearded Dragons (Pogona Vitticeps) Coinfected with Dependovirus and Coccidial Protozoa (Isospora Sp.)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 14, no. 4 (July 2002): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870201400411.

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Thirty of 200 (15%) hatchling inland bearded dragons were found dead after a short period (48 hours) of weakness and lethargy. The most common clinical signs were head tilt and circling. Six bearded dragons with neurological signs were euthanized, and postmortem examination revealed no gross abnormalities. Microscopically, severe, randomly distributed hepatocellular necrosis with large basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in numerous hepatocytes was noted. Small-intestinal enterocytes contained intracytoplasmic coccidial protozoa ( Isospora sp.) and occasional enterocytes had basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Transmission electron microscopy revealed both 80- and 20-nm-diameter viral particles, which were consistent with adenoviruses and dependoviruses, respectively. Adenoviral outbreaks in groups of animals are uncommon. An adverse synergistic effect of the coccidiosis with the adenoviral infection may have played a critical role in the high morbidity and mortality in this case.

21

Stockley, Victoria R., Anna Wilkinson, and Oliver H. P. Burman. "How to Handle Your Dragon: Does Handling Duration Affect the Behaviour of Bearded Dragons (Pogona Vitticeps)?" Animals 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112116.

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Reptiles are popular as pets and it is, therefore, important to understand how different aspects of housing and husbandry impact on their behaviour and welfare. One potential cause of stress in captive reptiles is interaction with humans; in particular, the effect of handling. However, little research on handling has been carried out with reptiles, particularly relating to the type of gentle handling likely to be experienced by pet animals. The aim of this study was therefore to determine whether the amount of time that bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), a commonly kept pet species, experienced gentle handling induced no or differing levels of anxiety, as reflected in their subsequent behavioural response to novelty. We found that there appeared to be a mildly aversive effect of handling time on subsequent behavioural response to novelty. Longer durations of handling (5 min or 15 min) appeared to increase anxiety-related behaviour, with handled animals showing more frequent tongue flicking behaviour when they experienced a novel environment and reduced time spent in close proximity to a novel object. These results suggest that handling bearded dragons, even in a gentle way, may increase their anxiety. However, it is not yet known whether animals may habituate to handling for longer periods if provided with additional experience.

22

Renfert, Kevin, Wolfgang Rabsch, Angelika Fruth, Stephanie Speck, and Michael Pees. "The use of a salmonella bacteriophage in bearded dragons: application, passage time and reisolation." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 47, no. 04 (August 2019): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0959-5528.

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Abstract Objective This study determined the passage time and phage propagation time of a salmonella specific phage, Felix O1, in bearded dragons, based on reisolation from cloacal swabs and faecal samples following oral administration, as a possible tool for reducing the zoonotic risk of salmonella from pet reptiles. An application scheme for this phage in bearded dragons was developed. Material and methods Ten healthy bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) were used in the study. The pH tolerance of the phage was tested and drugs were used to evaluate their influence on the gastric pH of the reptiles. After pH adjustment, the phage was administered orally for 12 consecutive days. Over 60 days, swabs were taken from the cloaca and examined for the presence of phages using culture and PCR. Furthermore, faecal samples were collected for phage quantification. Results Felix O1 displayed no activity at pH below 2.8. A calcium- and magnesium carbonate buffer induced an appropriate gastric pH increase for 30 minutes. Phages were reisolated for up to 24 days (mean shedding: 19 days) after last administration. Titres between 105 and 107 plaque forming units/g faeces were detected. The animals did not show any clinical signs related to phage application. Conclusion and clinical relevance The study provides first results on oral administration, passage time, and reisolation of a phage in reptiles. It could be shown that the phage was able to replicate in the intestine, and was shed for a prolonged period and therefore could potentially contribute to a reduction of salmonella shedding.

23

LaDouceur, Elise EB, Alexandria Argue, and Michael M. Garner. "Alimentary Tract Neoplasia in Captive Bearded Dragons (Pogona spp)." Journal of Comparative Pathology 194 (June 2022): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.03.007.

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24

Hannon, David E., Michael M. Garner, and Drury R. Reavill. "Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Inland Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/1529-9651-21.4.101.

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25

FROHNWIESER, Anna, Thomas W. PIKE, John C. MURRAY, and Anna WILKINSON. "Perception of artificial conspecifics by bearded dragons ( Pogona vitticeps )." Integrative Zoology 14, no. 2 (March 2019): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12303.

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26

Ferreira, Tatiana H., and Christoph Mans. "Evaluation of neuraxial anesthesia in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 46, no. 1 (January 2019): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2018.09.001.

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27

HELLEBUYCK, T., A. MARTEL, K. CHIERS, F. HAESEBROUCK, and F. PASMANS. "Devriesea agamarum causes dermatitis in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Veterinary Microbiology 134, no. 3-4 (March 2, 2009): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.08.021.

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28

Hyndman, Timothy H., Jonathon G. Howard, and Robert JT Doneley. "Adenoviruses in free-ranging Australian bearded dragons (Pogona spp.)." Veterinary Microbiology 234 (July 2019): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.05.014.

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29

Khan, Jameel J., Jean M. L. Richardson, and Glenn J. Tattersall. "Thermoregulation and aggregation in neonatal bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Physiology & Behavior 100, no. 2 (May 2010): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.02.019.

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30

Jakab, Csaba, Miklós Rusvai, Zoltán Szabó, Péter Gálfi, Miklós Marosán, Janina Kulka, and János Gál. "Claudin-7-positive synchronous spontaneous intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma and adenomas of the gallbladder in a Bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.59.2011.1.9.

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In this study, synchronous spontaneous, independent liver and gallbladder tumours were detected in a Bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps). The multiple tumours consisted of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma as well as in situ adenocarcinoma and two adenomas of the gallbladder. The biliary epithelial cells and the cholangiocarcinoma showed membranous cross-immunoreactivity for claudin-7. The gallbladder epithelial cells, its adenoma and adenocarcinoma showed basolateral cross-reactivity for claudin-7. We think that the humanised anti-claudin-7 antibody is a good marker for the detection of different primary cholangiocellular and gallbladder tumours in Bearded dragons. The cholangiocytes, the cholangiocarcinoma, the endothelial cells of the liver and the epithelial cells and gallbladder tumours all showed claudin-5 cross-reactivity. The humanised anti-cytokeratin AE1–AE3 antibody showed cross-reactivity in the biliary epithelial cells, cholangiocarcinoma cells, epithelial cells and tumour cells of the gallbladder. It seems that this humanised antibody is a useful epithelial marker for the different neoplastic lesions of epithelial cells in reptiles. The humanised anti-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) antibody showed intense cross-reactivity in the smooth muscle cells of the hepatic vessels and in the muscle layer of the gallbladder. The portal myofibroblasts, the endothelial cells of the sinusoids and the stromal cells of the cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder tumours were positive for α-SMA. The antibovine anti-vimentin and humanised anti-Ki-67 antibodies did not show crossreactivity in the different samples from the Bearded dragon.

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Gimmel, A., H. Kempf, S. Öfner, D. Müller, and A. Liesegang. "Cholelithiasis in adult bearded dragons: retrospective study of nine adult bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) with cholelithiasis between 2013 and 2015 in southern Germany." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 101 (June 2017): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12616.

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32

Stahl, Scott J. "General Husbandry and Captive Propagation of Bearded Dragons, Pogona vitticeps." Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 9, no. 4 (January 1999): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/1076-3139.9.4.12.

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33

Christiansen, Emily F., Michael K. Stoskopf, and Craig A. Harms. "Pre- and Post-Surgical Evaluation of Bearded Dragons Undergoing Sterilization." Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/1529-9651-23.3.83.

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34

Rooney, Tess, Alexandra K. Ford, Brandon L. Plattner, Margaret A. Highland, and David Eshar. "Pax5 and CD3 immunophenotyping of lymphoma in 2 central bearded dragons." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 34, no. 2 (March 2022): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10406387221078608.

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Two central bearded dragons ( Pogona vitticeps), a 3-y-old male and a 5-y-old female, were diagnosed with different manifestations of lymphoma at the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory between 2019 and 2020. The 3-y-old male was presented for postmortem evaluation and was in poor body condition. Microscopically, nearly all examined organs contained variable numbers of neoplastic round cells. Neoplastic cells in the stomach and liver had moderate immunoreactivity to CD3 consistent with multicentric T-cell lymphoma, and non-neoplastic lymphocytes infiltrating the stomach mass had strong immunoreactivity to Pax5. The 5-y-old female had an ulcerated oral mass located in the right lingual gingiva submitted as an excisional biopsy. Microscopically, the mass was composed of large numbers of neoplastic round cells in the epithelium and connective tissue that were strongly and diffusely positive for CD3 and frequently positive for Pax5, consistent with a dual-positive, localized, epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma. Neoplastic and non-neoplastic lymphocytes did not stain with CD20 or CD79a. Neoplasms are increasingly reported as a cause of morbidity and mortality in reptiles. Our 2 cases illustrate various presentations of T-cell lymphoma and the effectiveness of CD3 and Pax5 immunohistochemistry in bearded dragons.

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Ferreira, Tatiana H., Dustin M. Fink, and Christoph Mans. "Evaluation of neuraxial administration of bupivacaine in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 48, no. 5 (September 2021): 798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2021.06.012.

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36

Frohnwieser, A., T. W. Pike, J. C. Murray, and A. Wilkinson. "Lateralized Eye Use Towards Video Stimuli in Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Animal Behavior and Cognition 4, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.04.03.11.2017.

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37

Tattersall, G. J. "Hypoxia progressively lowers thermal gaping thresholds in bearded dragons, Pogona vitticeps." Journal of Experimental Biology 208, no. 17 (September 1, 2005): 3321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01773.

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38

Hedley, J., K. Eatwell, and L. Hume. "Necrotising fungal dermatitis in a group of bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Veterinary Record 166, no. 15 (April 10, 2010): 464–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.b4816.

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39

Oonincx, D. G. A. B., J. P. van Leeuwen, W. H. Hendriks, and A. F. B. van der Poel. "The diet of free-roaming Australian Central Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Zoo Biology 34, no. 3 (March 12, 2015): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21209.

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40

Li, Hong, Clare E. Holleley, Melanie Elphick, Arthur Georges, and Richard Shine. "The behavioural consequences of sex reversal in dragons." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1832 (June 15, 2016): 20160217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0217.

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Sex differences in morphology, physiology, and behaviour are caused by sex-linked genes, as well as by circulating sex-steroid levels. Thus, a shift from genotypic to environmental sex determination may create an organism that exhibits a mixture of male-like and female-like traits. We studied a lizard species (Central Bearded Dragon, Pogona vitticeps ), in which the high-temperature incubation of eggs transforms genetically male individuals into functional females. Although they are reproductively female, sex-reversed dragons (individuals with ZZ genotype reversed to female phenotype) resemble genetic males rather than females in morphology (relative tail length), general behaviour (boldness and activity level), and thermoregulatory tactics. Indeed, sex-reversed ‘females’ are more male-like in some behavioural traits than are genetic males. This novel phenotype may impose strong selection on the frequency of sex reversal within natural populations, facilitating rapid shifts in sex-determining systems. A single period of high incubation temperatures (generating thermally induced sex reversal) can produce functionally female individuals with male-like (or novel) traits that enhance individual fitness, allowing the new temperature-dependent sex-determining system to rapidly replace the previous genetically based one.

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Howard, JG, and S. Jaensch. "Haematology and plasma biochemistry reference intervals in wild bearded dragons ( Pogona vitticeps )." Australian Veterinary Journal 99, no. 6 (February 10, 2021): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avj.13060.

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42

Sladky, Kurt K., Matthew E. Kinney, and Stephen M. Johnson. "Analgesic efficacy of butorphanol and morphine in bearded dragons and corn snakes." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 233, no. 2 (July 15, 2008): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.233.2.267.

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43

Grosset, Claire, Alain Villeneuve, Andreas Brieger, and Stéphane Lair. "Cryptosporidiosis in Juvenile Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps): Effects of Treatment with Paromomycin." Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/1529-9651-21.1.10.

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44

Paoloni, Melissa C., Lisa M. Freeman, Gregory A. Mertz, and Moshen Meydani. "Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Vitamin E Concentrations in Bearded Dragons, Pogona vitticeps." Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 10, no. 1 (January 2000): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/1529-9651.10.1.21.

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45

Doneley, RJT, KN Buckle, and L. Hulse. "Adenoviral infection in a collection of juvenile inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Australian Veterinary Journal 92, no. 1-2 (January 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avj.12136.

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46

McDermott, Colin T. "External coaptation for mandibular fractures in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps): 2 cases." Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 36 (January 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2020.10.006.

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47

Couture, Émilie L., Beatriz P. Monteiro, Jessica Aymen, Eric Troncy, and Paulo V. Steagall. "Validation of a thermal threshold nociceptive model in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 44, no. 3 (May 2017): 676–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2016.07.005.

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48

Schuster, Eva J., Julia Strueve, Michael J. Fehr, and Karina A. Mathes. "Measurement of intraocular pressure in healthy unanesthetized inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." American Journal of Veterinary Research 76, no. 6 (June 2015): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.76.6.494.

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49

Parkinson, Lily A., and Christoph Mans. "Effects of furosemide administration to water-deprived inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." American Journal of Veterinary Research 79, no. 11 (November 2018): 1204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.79.11.1204.

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TAMUKAI, Kenichi, and Yuko KANAZAWA. "Plasma Biochemistry Reference Values for Bearded Dragons Using the Dry Chemistry Method." Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 62, no. 7 (2009): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12935/jvma.62.553.

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