Статті в журналах: "Beaches Australia"

1

Uebelhoer, Lea, William Koon, Mitchell D. Harley, Jasmin C. Lawes, and Robert W. Brander. "Characteristics and beach safety knowledge of beachgoers on unpatrolled surf beaches in Australia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 909–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-909-2022.

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Abstract. The majority of drowning deaths on Australian beaches occur significant distances away from lifeguard services. This study uses results of 459 surveys of beachgoers at five beaches unpatrolled by lifeguards in New South Wales, Australia, to improve understanding of who visits these beaches and why, and to identify risk factors associated with their beach safety knowledge and behaviour. Many unpatrolled beach users were infrequent beachgoers (64.9 %) with poor rip current hazard identification skills, who did not observe safety signage that was present, and yet intended to enter the water to swim (85.6 %) despite being aware that no lifeguards were present. The survey found that the main reasons why beachgoers visited unpatrolled beaches were because they were conveniently close to their holiday accommodation, or they represented a quieter location away from crowds. Future beach safety interventions in Australia need to extend beyond the standard “swim between the flags” message in recognition that many Australian beaches will remain unpatrolled, yet still frequented, for the foreseeable future. Future beach safety interventions for unpatrolled beaches should be tailored towards the varied demographic groups of beach users.

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Woods, Mark, William Koon, and Robert W. Brander. "Identifying risk factors and implications for beach drowning prevention amongst an Australian multicultural community." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): e0262175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262175.

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Multicultural communities in Australia are recognised as a priority area for drowning prevention, but no evidence-based study has addressed their knowledge of beach safety. This study used an online survey tool to identify and examine risk factors relating to swimming ability, beach visitation characteristics and behaviour, and beach safety knowledge of the Australian Southern Asian community to assist in the development of future beach safety interventions. Data was obtained through 249 online and in-person surveys of people aged > 18 years. Most respondents reported poor swimming ability (80%), often swam in in the absence of lifeguards (77%), did not understand the rip current hazard (58%), but reported that they entered the water (76%) when visiting beaches. Close to one-quarter (28%) had not heard, or didn’t know the purpose, of the red and yellow beach flags, which identify lifeguard supervised areas on Australian beaches. Length of time living in Australia is an important beach safety consideration for this community, with minimal differences in terms of gender and age. Those who have lived < 10 years in Australia visit beaches more frequently and are less likely to have participated in swimming lessons, be able to swim, heard of the flags or swim between them, understand rip currents, or have participated in a beach safety program. Very few (3%) respondents received beach safety information from within their own community. The importance of beach safety education and swimming lessons within the Southern Asian community should be prioritised for new and recent migrants to Australia.

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3

Hacking, Nicole. "Macrofaunal community structure of beaches in northern New South Wales, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 1 (1998): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf96130.

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Macrofaunal community composition of ten exposed sandy beaches in northern New South Wales, Australia, appeared to correlate with beach morphodynamic state even though the data represented sampling at only a single time. Better results were obtained by using the Beach State Index (BSI) rather than the dimensionless fall velocity (?). Species number and abundance significantly increased as the BSI value increased, whereas biomass was not correlated with BSI. The New South Wales beaches had a higher species number and abundance relative to BSI than did beaches in a published review of beaches around the world.

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4

Wang, Alexander, Xiao Hua Wang, and Gang Yang. "The Effects of Wind-Driven Storm Events on Partly Sheltered Estuarine Beaches in Batemans Bay, New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030314.

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Extreme wind-driven storm events have the potential to erode beach systems. Along the East Coast of Australia, storm events have been responsible for beach erosion in many coast-facing, open beaches. This paper investigates the potential impacts of wind-driven storms on partly sheltered estuarine beaches—a niche found within Batemans Bay, New South Wales (NSW), along the East Coast. It combines beach geomorphological data with meteorological and oceanographic data to evaluate the impacts of large storm events on three partly sheltered estuarine embayed beaches (Cullendulla Beach, Corrigans Beach, and Maloney’s Beach). The results show that while embayed beaches are protected from some storm events, storm impacts may vary with the season due to wind speed and direction changes, the presence of nearby rivers or creeks, and anthropogenic modifications such as dredging and coastline alterations. This study may contribute to the understanding of the erosive impacts of storms and help improve management strategies used to prevent recession, particularly on embayed beaches.

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Stewart, AC, and WL Nicholas. "New species of Xyalidae (Nematoda : Monhysterida) from Australian ocean beaches." Invertebrate Systematics 8, no. 1 (1994): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9940091.

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Eight new species of Xyalidae are described from Australian ocean beaches. Gonionchus australis, sp. nov., has non-capitate spicules with recurved tips and lacks longitudinal crests on the cuticle. G. alastairi, sp. nov., has cuticular crests and a strong dorso-caudal gubernacular apophysis. Xyala brevibucca, sp. nov., has a very shallow buccal cavity and small amphids. X. hanleyi, sp. nov., is similar but has fewer longitudinal crests, a longer thinner tail and weakly curved spicules. X. macramphis, sp. nov., has sexually dimorphic amphids, larger in males, and many somatic setae. Omicronema australis, sp. nov., has a very deep buccal cavity and males have two rows of ventral post-anal setae. O. australis from southern Australia are larger than those from the north. O. coronalata, sp. nov., has distinctive cephalic annulation, and O. nana, sp. nov., is very small, weakly annulated and with large amphids. Separation of the genus Omicronema from Xyala is supported.

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6

Cody, Timothy W. D., and Martin L. Cody. "Morphology and spatial distribution of alien sea-rockets (Cakile spp.) on South Australian and Western Canadian beaches." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 2 (2004): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03101.

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Sea-rockets (Cakile spp., Brassicaceae) are annual plants of sandy beaches. Cakile edentula (Bigel.) Hook. is native to the eastern coast of North America, C. maritima Scop. to western Europe and the Mediterranean basin. The two species differ in several morphological features, including leaf form, fruits and petal size. Both are long-established aliens on beaches in western Canada and southern Australia, at sites where we examined their morphological and distributional attributes. The two Cakile species co-occur at Pachina Beach, British Columbia, Canada, with C. edentula more common and widely distributed over broader range of beach elevations and C. maritima restricted to the upper beach. Although a few putative hybrids occur, the species are morphologically quite distinct. In contrast, on Westlake Shores beach, South Australia, Cakile is at least in part perennial, with widely variable morphologies, and the taxon is not separable into two morphologically distinct entities. Species boundaries have blurred apparently because of introgression. Factors that may have lead to this contrasting situation in South Australia are discussed.

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7

Travers, A., M. J. Eliot, I. G. Eliot, and M. Jendrzejczak. "Sheltered sandy beaches of southwestern Australia." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 346, no. 1 (2010): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp346.3.

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8

Kirby, GC. "The Population Biology of a Smut Fungus, Ustilago spinificis Ludw. I. Geographic Distribution and Abundance." Australian Journal of Botany 36, no. 3 (1988): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9880339.

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Ustilago spinificis, a floral smut of Spinifex hirsutus and S. sericeus, was collected across southern Australia from Yanchep, W.A. on the west coast to Seaspray, Vic, on the south-eastern coast and from the North Island of New Zealand. The host plants are most abundant on beaches with extensive sand dunes and the smut is common in regions where the host is abundant. The distribution limits for the smut are set by the replacement of S. hirsutus by a non-host, S. longifolius, north of Perth on the west coast; by the absence or rarity of host plants on rocky coastlines across the Great Australian Bight and in the SE. and SW. corners of Australia; and by the limited occurrence of host plants on the east coast of Australia. Spinifex inflorescences were sampled on 33 beaches and on the 29 beaches where smut was found the mean frequency of smutted inflorescences was 22%. These high infection rates represent a natural epidemic of a plant disease and data on other natural populations of smut fungi are presented to show that these results are not exceptional.

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9

James, Rodney J. "From beaches to beach environments: linking the ecology, human-use and management of beaches in Australia." Ocean & Coastal Management 43, no. 6 (June 2000): 495–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-5691(00)00040-5.

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10

LOWRY, J. K. "Talitrid amphipods from ocean beaches along the New South Wales coast of Australia (Amphipoda, Talitridae)." Zootaxa 3575, no. 1 (December 7, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3575.1.1.

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The sand-hopper Bellorchestia mariae sp. nov. is described from Honeymoon Bay on the north coast of Jervis Bay, NewSouth Wales, Australia. It is the sister species of B. richardsoni Serejo & Lowry, 2008 and appears to have a limited dis-tribution from about Narrawallee in the south to northern Jervis Bay. The distribution of B. richardsoni Serejo & Lowry,2008 is extended from Point Ricardo, Victoria, northwards to Ulladulla on the New South Wales coast. A new synonymyis proposed for the sand-hopper Notorchestia quadrimana (Dana, 1852) which includes N. novaehollandiae (1899) andN. lobata Serejo & Lowry, 2008. It is considered to be a wide-ranging species from Shark Bay in Western Australia aroundthe south coast to at least Maitland Bay in central New South Wales. The beach-hopper Orchestia dispar Dana, 1852 isdescribed from Valla Beach in northern New South Wales and moved to the new genus Vallorchestia. This is the first re-cord of V. dispar since its original description 160 years ago. The beach-hopper Platorchestia smithi sp. nov. is describedfrom Brooms Head, New South Wales, Australia. It is common on ocean beaches from Bendalong in the south to Ballina in northern New South Wales. South of Bendalong beach-hoppers on ocean beaches appear to be absent.

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11

Kelaher, Brendan P., Andrew P. Colefax, Alejandro Tagliafico, Melanie J. Bishop, Anna Giles, and Paul A. Butcher. "Assessing variation in assemblages of large marine fauna off ocean beaches using drones." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 1 (2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18375.

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The turbulent waters off ocean beaches provide habitat for large marine fauna, including dolphins, sharks, rays, turtles and game fish. Although, historically, these assemblages have proven difficult to quantify, we used a new drone-based approach to assess spatial and temporal variation in assemblages of large marine fauna off four exposed beaches in New South Wales, Australia. In total, 4388 individual large marine animals were identified from 216 drone flights. The most common taxa, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) and Australian cownose rays (Rhinoptera neglecta), occurred in 25.5 and 19.9% of flights respectively. White (Carcharodon carcharias), bull (Carcharhinus leucas) and other whaler (Carcharhinus spp.) sharks were observed in <1% of flights. There was significant variation in the structure of assemblages of large fauna among beaches, with those adjacent to riverine estuaries having greater richness and abundance of wildlife. Overall, drone surveys were successful in documenting the spatio-temporal dynamics of an impressive suite of large marine fauna. We contend that emerging drone technology can make a valuable contribution to the ecological information required to ensure the long-term sustainability of sandy-beach ecosystems and associated marine wildlife.

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12

Pedrick-Case, Rebecca, Rowena Bailey, Ben Beck, Bridget Beesley, Bryan Boruff, Sinead Brophy, Donna Cross, et al. "Built Environments And Child Health in WalEs and AuStralia (BEACHES): a study protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 10 (October 2022): e061978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061978.

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IntroductionChildhood obesity and physical inactivity are two of the most significant modifiable risk factors for the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Yet, a third of children in Wales and Australia are overweight or obese, and only 20% of UK and Australian children are sufficiently active. The purpose of the Built Environments And Child Health in WalEs and AuStralia (BEACHES) study is to identify and understand how complex and interacting factors in the built environment influence modifiable risk factors for NCDs across childhood.Methods and analysisThis is an observational study using data from five established cohorts from Wales and Australia: (1) Wales Electronic Cohort for Children; (2) Millennium Cohort Study; (3) PLAY Spaces and Environments for Children’s Physical Activity study; (4) The ORIGINS Project; and (5) Growing Up in Australia: the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. The study will incorporate a comprehensive suite of longitudinal quantitative data (surveys, anthropometry, accelerometry, and Geographic Information Systems data) to understand how the built environment influences children’s modifiable risk factors for NCDs (body mass index, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and diet).Ethics and disseminationThis study has received the following approvals: University of Western Australia Human Research Ethics Committee (2020/ET000353), Ramsay Human Research Ethics Committee (under review) and Swansea University Information Governance Review Panel (Project ID: 1001). Findings will be reported to the following: (1) funding bodies, research institutes and hospitals supporting the BEACHES project; (2) parents and children; (3) school management teams; (4) existing and new industry partner networks; (5) federal, state and local governments to inform policy; as well as (6) presented at local, national and international conferences; and (7) disseminated by peer-reviewed publications.

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13

Mitchell, Jonathan D., Tracey B. Scott-Holland, and Paul A. Butcher. "Factors Affecting Shark Detection from Drone Patrols in Southeast Queensland, Eastern Australia." Biology 11, no. 11 (October 23, 2022): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11111552.

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Drones enable the monitoring for sharks in real-time, enhancing the safety of ocean users with minimal impact on marine life. Yet, the effectiveness of drones for detecting sharks (especially potentially dangerous sharks; i.e., white shark, tiger shark, bull shark) has not yet been tested at Queensland beaches. To determine effectiveness, it is necessary to understand how environmental and operational factors affect the ability of drones to detect sharks. To assess this, we utilised data from the Queensland SharkSmart drone trial, which operated at five southeast Queensland beaches for 12 months in 2020–2021. The trial conducted 3369 flights, covering 1348 km and sighting 174 sharks (48 of which were >2 m in length). Of these, eight bull sharks and one white shark were detected, leading to four beach evacuations. The shark sighting rate was 3% when averaged across all beaches, with North Stradbroke Island (NSI) having the highest sighting rate (17.9%) and Coolum North the lowest (0%). Drone pilots were able to differentiate between key shark species, including white, bull and whaler sharks, and estimate total length of the sharks. Statistical analysis indicated that location, the sighting of other fauna, season and flight number (proxy for time of day) influenced the probability of sighting sharks.

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RODRÍGUEZ, JORGE, PAT A. HUTCHINGS, and JANE E. WILLIAMSON. "Biodiversity of intertidal marine flatworms (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes) in southeastern Australia." Zootaxa 5024, no. 1 (August 23, 2021): 1–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5024.1.1.

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Flatworms of the Order Polycladida are a group of free-living invertebrates found in a diversity of marine habitats, with over 800 species described worldwide. Marine flatworms are a conspicuous component of Australia’s marine fauna yet have received little attention. Less than 30 scientific articles have been published on Australian marine flatworms since 1855, of which only nine include species from southeastern Australia. Here, the biodiversity and distribution of species belonging to the Order Polycladida inhabiting intertidal rocky beaches in southeastern Australian waters were identified and analysed. Sampling was conducted at low tide along the coasts of New South Wales and Victoria. Collected samples were serially sectioned for comparative anatomical studies, and tissue was removed from each individual for molecular sequencing and analyses. Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences were obtained and used as an additional source of evidence for the description of new species as well as providing further insight into the phylogenetic relationships between them. A total of 20 species, six of which are new (e.g., Eulatocestus australis sp. nov.), and a new genus (Parabolia gen. nov.) have been described, as well as two new records for Australia (e.g., Stylochoplana clara Kato, 1937) have been identified increasing our knowledge of this important component of the Australian marine biota.

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15

Barros, F., A. J. Underwood, and M. Lindegarth. "A preliminary analysis of the structure of benthic assemblages of surf zones on two morphodynamic types of beach." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, no. 3 (June 2002): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315402005581.

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Predictions that there should be more benthic invertebrates and greater diversity in deeper areas and differences in the spatial structure of assemblages on different types of beaches were tested on two Reflective and two Intermediate (Transverse Bar and Rip) sandy beaches around Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The macrofaunal assemblages of surf zones were more diverse and there were more invertebrates on Reflective than TBR beaches, and there was an increase in number of invertebrates and, significantly, in diversity from 1·5 to 2·5 m depths. There was significant variation in the structure of assemblages among beaches of the same type. Spatial variability in the structure of assemblages on Intermediate beaches was greater than on Reflective beaches. Macrofaunal assemblages varied significantly at a scale of tens of metres across shore, particularly on Reflective beaches.

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16

Vos, Kilian, Wen Deng, Mitchell Dean Harley, Ian Lloyd Turner, and Kristen Dena Marie Splinter. "Beach-face slope dataset for Australia." Earth System Science Data 14, no. 3 (March 25, 2022): 1345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1345-2022.

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Abstract. Sandy beaches are unique environments composed of unconsolidated sediments that are constantly reshaped by the action of waves, tides, currents, and winds. The most seaward region of the dry beach, referred to as the beach face, is the primary interface between land and ocean and is of fundamental importance to coastal processes, including the dissipation and reflection of wave energy at the coast and the exchange of sediment between the land and sea. The slope of the beach face is a critical parameter in coastal geomorphology and coastal engineering, as it is needed to calculate the total elevation and excursion of wave run-up at the shoreline. However, datasets of the beach-face slopes along most of the world's coastlines remain unavailable. This study presents a new dataset of beach-face slopes for the Australian coastline derived from a novel remote sensing technique. The dataset covers 13 200 km of sandy coast and provides an estimate of the beach-face slope every 100 m alongshore accompanied by an easy-to-apply measure of the confidence of each slope estimate. The dataset offers a unique view of large-scale spatial variability in the beach-face slope and addresses the growing need for this information to predict coastal hazards around Australia. The beach-face slope dataset and relevant metadata are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606216 (Vos et al., 2021).

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17

Weston, Michael A., Fiona Dodge, Ashley Bunce, Dale G. Nimmo, and Kelly K. Miller. "Do temporary beach closures assist in the conservation of breeding shorebirds on recreational beaches?" Pacific Conservation Biology 18, no. 1 (2012): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc120047.

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Recreational use of beaches may threaten some beach-nesting shorebirds in southern Australia. Temporary Beach Closures, comprized of a 50 x 25 m exclusion zone around a shorebird nest, represent a promising technique for altering human behaviour by reducing both disturbance to birds and inadvertent crushing of eggs by beach visitors. We assessed whether three commonly employed configurations of Temporary Beach Closures (sign, fence, and warden) were effective at: (1) achieving compliance among beach visitors, and (2) reducing egg-crushing rates. Overall, 93.7% of beach visitors complied with all Temporary Beach Closures, resulting in a reduction in egg-crushing rates within, as opposed to adjacent to, Temporary Beach Closures. Levels of compliance were high in all Temporary Beach Closure configurations (88.0–99.4%), and similar levels of compliance were achieved within the three configurations. Human compliance was highest for females and when the density of beach-users was higher, while individuals aged <20 and >61 years were less likely to comply with Temporary Beach Closures. Despite an increased probability of compliance on high density beaches, this did not translate into a reduction in egg crushing rates on such beaches, because the overall number of noncompliant individuals remained higher. We conclude any Temporary Beach Closure configuration is meritorious, and that their use on high and low-use recreational beaches will benefit breeding shorebirds by reducing the rate of egg-crushing. Targeting demographics that display lower levels of compliance, such as men, young people (i.e. <21), and older people (i.e. >60), may further improve the effectiveness of Temporary Beach Closures in enhancing the conservation of shorebirds.

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18

Miller, Jeffrey D., Kirstin A. Dobbs, Colin J. Limpus, Neil Mattocks, and André M. Landry Jr. "Long-distance migrations by the hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata, from north-eastern Australia." Wildlife Research 25, no. 1 (1998): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96086.

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Tag recoveries from four adult female hawksbill turtles, Eretmochelys imbricata, tagged on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, are reported. Hawksbill turtles on breeding migrations move between Australia and neighbouring countries including Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Migratory distances between foraging areas and nesting beaches ranged from 368 to 2425 km. A review of data from tag recoveries, genetic analysis and satellite telemetry indicates that adult female hawksbill turtles often exhibit migratory behaviour parallelling that of other marine turtle species. This study refutes the myth that hawksbill turtles remain resident at reefs associated with their nesting beaches.

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Jaggard, Ed. "Americans, Malibus, Torpedo Buoys, and Australian Beach Culture." Journal of Sport History 41, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.41.2.269.

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Abstract When the Surf Life Saving Association of Australia (SLSAA) invited American and Hawaiian lifeguards to compete at an international surf lifesaving carnival at Torquay, Victoria, in November of 1956, it did not foresee the far-reaching consequences of the tour. Noting that historians of the beach, and surfing in particular, frequently refer to the epochal significance of 1956, the paper utilizes predominantly surf lifesaving sources to explore the circumstances culminating in the month-long visit, discusses the appearance of Malibu boards, and then analyzes the consequences for Australian surf lifesaving in particular. The great irony of 1956 was that by welcoming the Americans and Hawaiians the SLSAA weakened its previous control over the beaches, as Australians found new ways to enjoy the surf.

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Lewis, F., and AJA Green. "Four new species of Actaeciidae (Isopoda : Oniscidea) from Australia, with a review of the family." Invertebrate Systematics 8, no. 6 (1994): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9941421.

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Four new species of Actaecia Dana are described from Australia; three of these (A. bipleura, A. cyphotelson and A. nasuta) are from beaches in south-eastem Australia and one (A. forrnida) is from the mid-eastern coast of Queensland. Specimens from Tasmania identified previously as Actaecia pallida Nicholls & Barnes belong to A. bipleura. The same probably applies to others from New South Wales and Lord Howe Island. The distributions of the six Australian species are noted. A review of the monogeneric family Actaeciidae includes a new diagnosis of Actaecia and a key to species. The distributions of the two New Zealand species are listed.

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Duckett, Paul E., and Vincenzo Repaci. "Marine plastic pollution: using community science to address a global problem." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 8 (2015): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14087.

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It was once thought oceans were so vast they could not be affected by humans, but unfortunately rapid globalisation now threatens marine biodiversity. The negative effects of marine debris were recognised in the 1970s, and more recently globally acknowledged in scientific literature. We revisited the Greater Sydney region in New South Wales Australia, to research whether plastic waste on coastal beaches has reduced in recent years. This was achieved by designing a community science project in collaboration with local schools and volunteers. We discovered that plastic debris differed between beaches and strata, but was similar to Australian beaches that were sampled over a decade ago. The high correlations we found between plastic debris and both the frequency of storm-water drains and local population sizes suggested that storm-water drains may be responsible for delivering plastic waste to coastal ecosystems, and the amount of plastic debris was proportional to the size of the surrounding population. Involving local communities has the potential to rapidly raise awareness about key conservation issues to large and broad demographic audiences. Ultimately, this may inspire public and political change.

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Gray, Georgia M. E., and Charles A. Gray. "Beach-User Attitudes to Shark Bite Mitigation Strategies on Coastal Beaches; Sydney, Australia." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 22, no. 3 (March 8, 2017): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2017.1295491.

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23

Short, Andrew D. "Round and Round Australia (1989 to 2001): 11,761 Beaches." Journal of Coastal Research 101, sp1 (August 26, 2020): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/jcr-si101-041.1.

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Wishaw, Daniel, Javier X. Leon, Matthew Barnes, and Helen Fairweather. "Tropical Cyclone Impacts on Headland Protected Bay." Geosciences 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10050190.

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The response of headland protected beaches to storm events is complex and strongly site dependent. In this study, we investigated the response of several headland protected beaches in Noosa, Australia to a tropical cyclone event. Pre and post topographical surveys of all beaches were completed using both pole-mounted RTK-GNSS and structure-from-motion (SfM)-derived elevation models from survey-grade drone imagery to assess sediment volume differentials. Coastal imaging was used to assess shoreline development and identify coastal features while a nearshore wave model (SWAN) was used to project waves into the study site from a regional wave buoy. Obliquely orientated swells drive currents along the headland with sediment being eroded from exposed sites and deposited at a protected site. Elevated sea-levels were shown to be a strong force-multiplier for relatively small significant wave heights, with 10,000 m3 of sediment eroded from a 700 m long beach in 36 h. The SWAN model was adequately calibrated for significant wave height, but refraction of swell around the headland was under-represented by an average of 16.48 degrees. This research has coastal management implications for beaches where development restricts natural shoreline retreat and elevated sea states are likely to become more common.

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Madden Hof, Christine A., Gabriela Shuster, Nev McLachlan, Bev McLachlan, Saranne Giudice, Colin Limpus, and Tomoharu Eguchi. "Protecting nests of the Critically Endangered South Pacific loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta from goanna Varanus spp. predation." Oryx 54, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318001564.

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AbstractThe South Pacific subpopulation of the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta is categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List because of significant population declines. Five Queensland beaches support high-density nesting of this subpopulation, but egg and hatchling survival are low at some beaches because of feral and native terrestrial predators. We quantified predation of loggerhead turtle eggs by two species of goanna, Varanus panoptes and Varanus varius, at Wreck Rock beach, one of the turtle's major nesting beaches. In addition, we conducted an experiment to determine the efficacy of a nest protection device. Predation rates at Wreck Rock beach were 15.2% for treatment and 45.8% for non-treatment clutches during the 2013–2014 nesting season. A higher probability of predation (64%) was predicted for the northern beach. Although nests were only partially predated (16.4% of the total number of eggs), nest loss to predators and beach erosion (caused by a cyclone) was 91.7%. If left unmanaged, the cumulative impact of predation and other threats, including those exacerbated by climate change, can cause unsustainable loss of loggerhead turtle nests. This study provides one of the first quantitative data sets on rates of loggerhead turtle clutch predation in the South Pacific. It enhances our understanding of goanna predation impacts and identifies an efficient predator exclusion device for mitigating the effects of terrestrial predators at Wreck Rock beach, and for protecting marine turtle nests across northern Australia and globally.

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26

Schlacher, Thomas A., and Luke Thompson. "Environmental control of community organisation on ocean-exposed sandy beaches." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 2 (2013): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12172.

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Models of faunal communities on open-coast beaches emphasise the primacy of environmental conditions in determining species richness and abundance. What remains unresolved under this ‘physical-control paradigm’ includes the following two aspects: (1) how habitat properties relate to structural traits of communities; and (2) how environmental conditions shape communities when habitat properties change over time. Here, we test these by modelling the relationship between a broad range of environmental drivers and assemblage structure. Our models draw on a sizeable dataset (15 600 cores collected over 4 years) of benthic invertebrates from beaches in eastern Australia; we also include a test of whether human disturbance (vehicles) alters the relationships between environmental predictors and faunal communities. A suite of physical factors, comprising habitat features (i.e. moisture level, grain size, beach slope) and wave parameters, explained variation in community structure. Novel aspects are the role of sea-surface temperature (SST) as a driver of biological structure on beaches, and that human impacts can override the sediment–animal relationships that are normally important. More generally, theoretical and empirical models of beach-community organisation should incorporate multiple environmental drivers, include broader structural aspect of assemblages, and recognise the role of human habitat alterations in shaping these fauna–environment links.

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27

Kohlmeyer, J., and B. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer. "Marine fungi of Queensland, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 42, no. 1 (1991): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9910091.

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Collections of filamentous higher marine fungi gathered along sandy beaches and the mangal of Queensland yielded 43 species, of which 28 are new records for Australia. Six additional species have been recorded earlier but did not occur in this survey. The annotated list contains 43 ascomycetes, one basidiomycete and five anamorphic ('imperfect') fungi. Among the hosts and substrates are Avicennia marina, Avicennia sp., Osbornia octodonta, Pandanus sp., Rhizophora stylosa and Rhizophora sp. Massarina Iacertensis Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. sp. nov. is a new species on wood of R. stylosa from Lizard Island.

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28

Brighton, B., S. Sherker, R. Brander, M. Thompson, and A. Bradstreet. "Rip current related drowning deaths and rescues in Australia 2004–2011." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 4 (April 22, 2013): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1069-2013.

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Abstract. Rip currents are a common hazard to beachgoers found on many beaches around the world, but it has proven difficult to accurately quantify the actual number of rip current related drowning deaths in many regions and countries. Consequently, reported estimates of rip current drowning can fluctuate considerably and are often based on anecdotal evidence. This study aims to quantify the incidence of rip current related drowning deaths and rescues in Australia from 2004 to 2011. A retrospective search was undertaken for fatal and non-fatal rip-related drowning incidents from Australia's National Coronial Information System (NCIS), Surf Life Saving Australia's (SLSA, 2005–2011) SurfGuard Incident Report Database (IRD), and Media Monitors for the period 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2011. In this time, rip currents were recorded as a factor in 142 fatalities of a total of 613 coastal drowning deaths (23.2%), an average of 21 per year. Rip currents were related to 44% of all beach-related drowning deaths and were involved in 57.4% of reported major rescues in Australian locations where rips occur. A comparison with international operational statistics over the same time period describes rip-related rescues as 53.7% of the total rescues in the US, 57.9% in the UK and 49.4% in New Zealand. The range 49–58% is much lower than 80–89% traditionally cited. The results reported are likely to underestimate the size of the rip current hazard, because we are limited by the completeness of data on rip-related events; however this is the most comprehensive estimate to date. Beach safety practitioners need improved data collection and standardized definitions across organisations. The collection of drowning data using consistent categories and the routine collection of rip current information will allow for more accurate global comparisons.

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29

BULNES, VERONICA N., and ANNO FAUBEL. "Eutheama forrestensis n. sp. (Acotylea, Polycladida, Plathelminthes) from Australia." Zootaxa 220, no. 1 (June 26, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.220.1.1.

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A new species, Eutheama forrestensis n. sp., Acotylea, Polycladida, is described from sandy beaches of the eastern coastline of the tropic region of Australia. The species lives both in surface layers and deeper in the sediment down to the coastal groundwater table.

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30

Short, Andrew D., Melissa A. Bracs, and Ian L. Turner. "Beach oscillation and rotation: local and regional response at three beaches in southeast Australia." Journal of Coastal Research 70 (April 28, 2014): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si-120.1.

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31

Lowe, Meagan K., and David M. Kennedy. "Stability of artificial beaches in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia." Journal of Coastal Research 75, sp1 (March 3, 2016): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si75-51.1.

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32

Pugliese, Joseph. "Australia and the insular imagination: Beaches, borders, boats, and bodies." Continuum 25, no. 1 (February 2011): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2011.538038.

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33

Berry, Megan, David T. Booth, and Colin J. Limpus. "Artificial lighting and disrupted sea-finding behaviour in hatchling loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) on the Woongarra coast, south-east Queensland, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 2 (2013): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13028.

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Coastal development adjacent to sea turtle nesting beaches can result in an increase in exposure to artificial lighting at night. That lighting can repel nesting females and interfere with the orientation of hatchlings from the nest to the sea. Disrupted hatchling orientation is a serious source of turtle mortality, sufficient to reduce recruitment and contribute to a long-term marine turtle population decline. The purpose of this study was to assess whether artificial lighting disrupts hatchling sea-finding behaviour at the largest loggerhead rookery in the South Pacific, the Woongarra coast, south-east Queensland. The crawling tracks of hatchlings that emerged from nests, as well as staged emergences, were used to assess the effect of lighting conditions at several local beaches on hatchling sea-finding behaviour. Disrupted orientation was observed at only a few locations, excluding the majority of the main nesting beach at Mon Repos Conservation Park. At the sites where orientation was disrupted, normal orientation was restored when a full moon was visible, presumably because lunar illumination reduced the perceived brightness of the artificial lights. The controlled use of lights used for guided turtle-viewing tour groups within Mon Repos conservation Park did not interfere with the sea-finding behaviour of hatchling turtles. Further coastal development, especially at the nearby town of Bargara, requires that a light management plan be formulated to ensure that development does not adversely affect the marine turtles that utilise the local nesting beaches.

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34

Monteforte, Kim I. P., Paul A. Butcher, Stephen G. Morris, and Brendan P. Kelaher. "The Relative Abundance and Occurrence of Sharks off Ocean Beaches of New South Wales, Australia." Biology 11, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11101456.

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There is still limited information about the diversity, distribution, and abundance of sharks in and around the surf zones of ocean beaches. We used long-term and large-scale drone surveying techniques to test hypotheses about the relative abundance and occurrence of sharks off ocean beaches of New South Wales, Australia. We quantified sharks in 36,384 drone flights across 42 ocean beaches from 2017 to 2021. Overall, there were 347 chondrichthyans recorded, comprising 281 (81.0%) sharks, with observations occurring in <1% of flights. Whaler sharks (Carcharhinus spp.) had the highest number of observations (n = 158) recorded. There were 34 individuals observed for both white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) and critically endangered greynurse sharks (Carcharias taurus). Bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas), leopard sharks (Stegostoma tigrinum) and hammerhead species (Sphyrna spp.) recorded 29, eight and three individuals, respectively. Generalised additive models were used to identify environmental drivers for detection probability of white, bull, greynurse, and whaler sharks. Distances to the nearest estuary, headland, and island, as well as water temperature and wave height, were significant predictors of shark occurrence; however, this varied among species. Overall, we provide valuable information for evidence-based species-specific conservation and management strategies for coastal sharks.

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35

Edwards, Nicole Joy, Billie Giles-Corti, Ann Larson, and Bridget Beesley. "The Effect of Proximity on Park and Beach Use and Physical Activity Among Rural Adolescents." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, no. 5 (July 2014): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2011-0332.

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Background:Associations between access to environments and levels of physical activity (PA) among adolescents have been established; however the influence of neighborhood design barriers (eg, major roads) on these relationships is less understood.Methods:In 2006, adolescents (n = 1304) in rural Western Australia completed the Up4it Physical Activity Survey measuring frequency and duration of organized and nonorganized physical activity by season. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to objectively measure distance to nearest park and beach and busy road barriers en route to these destinations.Results:Proximity to parks and beaches was associated with use of these environments for PA among adolescents, but this relationship attenuated after adjustment for presence of a major road. Park and beach use was positively associated with achieving recommended levels of PA. Paradoxically, proximity to these environments was not associated with achieving recommended levels of PA. Results suggest access to parks and beaches is necessary but may be insufficient to achieve recommended levels of PA. These relationships varied by season.Conclusions:Strategies should be put in place to encourage use of proximate supportive environments. Planning neighborhoods to reduce barriers to access and interventions to overcome seasonal variations in behavior may improve participation levels among adolescents.

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36

Osmond, Gary. "The Nimble Savage: Press Constructions of Pacific Islander Swimmers in Early Twentieth-Century Australia." Media International Australia 157, no. 1 (November 2015): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1515700116.

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In the decades around Australian Federation in 1901, a number of Pacific Islanders gained prominence in aquatic sport on the beaches and in the pools of Sydney in particular. Two swimmers, brothers Alick and Edward (Ted) Wickham from the Solomon Islands, were especially prominent. This article examines racial constructions of these athletes by the Australian press. Given the existence of well-entrenched negative racial stereotypes about Pacific Islanders, and legislative manifestations of the White Australia policy that sought to deport and exclude Islanders, racially negative portrayals of the Wickhams might have been expected in the press. Instead, newspapers constructed these men in largely positive terms, idealising the supposedly natural ability of Islanders in water and reifying an aquatic Nimble Savage stereotype. While largely contained to a few individuals, this nonetheless powerful press construction presented an alternative perspective to the prevailing negative stereotypes.

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37

Taylor, Stephen, Wayne Sumpton, and Tony Ham. "Fine-scale spatial and seasonal partitioning among large sharks and other elasmobranchs in south-eastern Queensland, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 6 (2011): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10154.

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Our understanding of the ecological role of larger elasmobranchs is limited by a lack of information on their spatial and seasonal abundance. Analysis of 14 years of gill-net catch data in south-eastern Queensland, Australia, revealed that the species composition of large sharks and other elasmobranchs significantly differed among beaches and seasons. Spinner sharks (Carcharhinus brevipinna) and hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna spp.) comprised nearly half the catch of all elasmobranchs. Although the distribution of these sharks overlapped, spatial variation existed in their abundance. Spinner sharks characterised the catch at Sunshine Coast beaches, whereas the catch at Gold Coast beaches was dominated by hammerhead sharks. Seasonal differences in elasmobranch community structure were also apparent, driven largely by a lower abundance of many species during the winter and the predominance of species such as spinner sharks and hammerheads in spring and summer. The present study provides the first quantitative data for numerous species of Carcharhiniformes in south-eastern Queensland and demonstrates that analysis of catch-rate data can improve our understanding of how larger sharks partition resources.

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38

Beuzen, Tomas, Kristen D. Splinter, Ian L. Turner, Mitchell D. Harley, Lucy A. Marshall, Margaret L. Palmsten, Hilary F. Stockdon, and Nathaniel G. Plant. "A PROBABILISTIC MODEL OF REGIONAL-SCALE RESPONSE TO EXTREME STORM EVENTS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.46.

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Predicting beach erosion caused by extreme storms remains a key focus of the coastal engineering community, having important implications for both emergency and long-term coastal management and planning. In June 2016, an extra-tropical cyclone impacted the east coast of Australia, resulting in the largest erosion event recorded in this region for several decades. High-resolution data collected during this event included immediate pre and post-storm airborne LIDAR measurements of the subaerial beach along 400 km of coastline, as well as detailed modeling of inshore wave conditions. This unprecedented data set presents a unique opportunity to explore key drivers of the observed local and regional variability in the response of beaches to extreme storm events.

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39

GROOTAERT, PATRICK, and NEAL L. EVENHUIS. "On the distribution of the marine genus Thinolestris Grootaert & Meuffels (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) with a description of a new species from Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei." Zootaxa 1134, no. 1 (February 23, 2006): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1134.1.4.

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Four species of Thinolestris Grootaert & Meuffels are known so far, including T. nigra sp. nov., which is described here from Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. New morphological data on the genus are given. At the moment, Thinolestris is only known from Andaman Sea, Strait of Singapore, South China Sea, Celebes Sea, Bismarck Sea and the Coral Sea. It is not yet known from North Australia nor from the Gulf of Thailand, or farther north. Thinolestris adults are active on beaches with small pebbles mixed with sandy patches. It is not found on rocks, pure sandy beaches nor mangroves.

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40

STAINES, CAROLYN, DAMIAN MORGAN, and JOAN OZANNE-SMITH. "THREATS TO TOURIST AND VISITOR SAFETY AT BEACHES IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA." Tourism in Marine Environments 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427305774865804.

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41

Masselink, Gerhard, and Bruce Hegge. "Morphodynamics of meso- and macrotidal beaches: examples from central Queensland, Australia." Marine Geology 129, no. 1-2 (December 1995): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(95)00104-2.

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42

Simmons, Joshua, and Kristen Splinter. "COMBINING DATA-DRIVEN AND NUMERICAL MODELLING APPROACHES TO STORM EROSION PREDICTION." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.sediment.38.

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Physics-based numerical models play an important role in the estimation of storm erosion, particularly at beaches for which there is little historical data. However, the increasing availability of pre-and post-storm data for multiple events and at a number of beaches around the world has opened the possibility of using data-driven approaches for erosion prediction. Both physics-based and purely data-driven approaches have inherent strengths and weaknesses in their ability to predict storm-induced erosion. It is vital that coastal managers and modelers are aware of these trade-offs as well as methods to maximise the value from each modelling approach in an increasingly data-rich environment. In this study, data from approximately 40 years of coastal monitoring at Narrabeen-Collaroy Beach (SE Australia)has been used to evaluate the individual performance of the numerical erosion models SBEACH and XBeach, and a data-driven modelling technique. The models are then combined using a simple weighting technique to provide a hybrid estimate of erosion.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/v53dZiO8Y60

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43

Williams, Kathryn J. H., Michael A. Weston, Stacey Henry, and Grainne S. Maguire. "Birds and Beaches, Dogs and Leashes: Dog Owners' Sense of Obligation to Leash Dogs on Beaches in Victoria, Australia." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 14, no. 2 (March 31, 2009): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871200802649799.

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44

Kennett, Rod, N. Munungurritj, and Djawa Yunupingu. "Migration patterns of marine turtles in the Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Australia: implications for Aboriginal management." Wildlife Research 31, no. 3 (2004): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03002.

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Marine turtles regularly migrate hundreds to thousands of kilometres between nesting beaches and home foraging grounds. Effective conservation of marine turtles requires understanding of migration patterns in order to facilitate regional cooperation across the turtles' migratory range. Indigenous Australians maintain traditional rights and responsibilities for marine turtle management across much of the northern Australian coast. To better understand turtle migrations and identify with whom the Aboriginal people of north-east Arnhem Land (Yolngu) share turtles, we used satellite telemetry to track the migration routes of 20 green turtles (Chelonia mydas) departing from a nesting beach ~45 km south of Nhulunbuy, north-east Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. All tracked turtles remained within the Gulf of Carpentaria. These results suggest that the foraging habitat for adults of this nesting population may be largely confined to the Gulf, offering an optimistic scenario for green turtle conservation. Given these results and the critical role indigenous people play in conserving and managing marine turtles, we recommend that a formal network of indigenous communities be established as the foundation of a community-based turtle-management strategy for the Gulf of Carpentaria region.

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45

Vos, Kilian, Mitchell D. Harley, Kristen D. Splinter, Andrew Walker, and Ian L. Turner. "BEACH SLOPES FROM SATELLITE-DERIVED SHORELINES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.sediment.36.

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The slope of the beach face is a critical parameter for coastal scientists and engineers studying sandy coastlines. However, despite its importance for coastal applications (engineering formulations, coastal flood modelling, swimming safety), it remains extremely difficult to obtain reliable estimates of the beachface slope over large spatial scales (hundreds to thousands of km of coastline). This presentation describes a new method to estimate the beach-face slope exclusively from space-borne observations: shoreline positions derived from publicly available optical imaging satellites and tide heights from satellite altimetry. This new technique is first validated against field measurements and then applied across hundreds of beaches in eastern Australia and California, USA (data available at http://coastsat.wrl.unsw.edu.au/).Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/U9zMbFX4gPk

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46

Frost, Amanda, and Murray Cullen. "Marine debris on northern New South Wales beaches (Australia): Sources and the role of beach usage." Marine Pollution Bulletin 34, no. 5 (May 1997): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(96)00149-x.

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47

Taffs, Kathryn H., and Murray C. Cullen. "The Distribution and Abundance of Beach Debris on Isolated Beaches of Northern New South Wales, Australia." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 12, no. 4 (January 2005): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2005.10648655.

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48

McDonald, Josephine J., Denise Donlon, Judith H. Field, Richard L. K. Fullagar, Joan Brenner Coltrain, Peter Mitchell, and Mark Rawson. "The first archaeological evidence for death by spearing in Australia." Antiquity 81, no. 314 (December 2007): 877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00095971.

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An Aboriginal man done to death on the dunes 4000 years ago was recently discovered during excavations beneath a bus shelter in Narrabeen on Sydney's northern beaches. The presence of backed microliths and the evidence for trauma in the bones showed that he had been killed with stone-tipped spears. Now we know how these backed points were used. A punishment ritual is implied by analogies with contact-period observations made in the eighteenth century AD.

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49

Heppel, SS, CJ Limpus, DT Crouse, NB Frazer, and LB Crowder. "Population model analysis for the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, in Queensland." Wildlife Research 23, no. 2 (1996): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960143.

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Worldwide declines of marine turtle populations have forced a need for sound conservation policies to prevent their extinction. Loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, are declining rapidly at eastern Australian nesting beaches, which are visited by females from all feeding areas for the stock. In some feeding areas of eastern Australia, loggerheads have been protected from deleterious anthropogenic effects. Using long-term mark-recapture data from one such protected group of turtles feeding on Heron Island Reef, Queensland, we created a matrix model to analyse loggerhead demography. We also produced a model for the females nesting at Mon Repos, Queensland, a major rookery where the annual nesting population has declined at rates approaching 8% per year. As indicated by a similar model for loggerheads in the USA, our models predicted that small declines in annual survival rates of adult and subadult loggerheads can have a profound impact on population dynamics. A loss of only a few hundred subadult and adult females each year could lead to extinction of the eastern Australian loggerheads in less than a century. Survival in the first year of life is relatively less important in these long-lived and slow-maturing animals. At Mon Repos, nesting female survival is apparently so low that even beach protection efforts resulting in 90% hatchling emergence success would not prevent population decline. Our research suggests that continued mortality pressure on subadult and adult turtles in their dispersed feeding areas of eastern and northern Australia is a major threat to the eastern Australian loggerhead turtle population. Measures that protect adult and subadult loggerhead turtles should be supported, including the use of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) on prawn trawls.

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50

Smith, Stephen D. A., Kelsey Banister, Nicola Fraser, and Robert J. Edgar. "Tracing the source of marine debris on the beaches of northern New South Wales, Australia: The Bottles on Beaches program." Marine Pollution Bulletin 126 (January 2018): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.022.

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