Статті в журналах: "Beach groundwater"

1

Horn, Diane P. "Beach groundwater dynamics." Geomorphology 48, no. 1-3 (November 2002): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(02)00178-2.

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2

Delisle, Marie-Pierre, Yeulwoo Kim, and Timu Gallien. "BEACH GROUNDWATER IMPACTS ON WAVE OVERTOPPING FLOODING." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.91.

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Coastal flooding is a growing socioeconomic and humanitarian hazard (e.g., Nicholls, 2010). Increased beach groundwater levels may inundate low-lying areas and simultaneously propagate swash impacts onto higher beach and backshore elevations. Generally, coastal flood modeling and risk assessment characterize only surface flows, neglecting beach groundwater and swash zone processes such as infiltration and porous media flow. Numerous studies have considered the effects of swash on groundwater (e.g., Gourlay, 1992). Infiltration leads to reduced wave runup (Pintado-Patino et al., 2015) and is promoted by low beach groundwater levels (Bakhtyar et al., 2011), suggesting that beach groundwater plays a critical role in infiltration/exfiltration processes. Notably, the impacts of beach groundwater on swash flows and subsequent consequences on coastal flooding have not been explored. Coastal flooding from wave overtopping is expected to occur around the maximum tide. However, recent field observations suggest maximum overtopping lags behind high tide and is in phase with maximum groundwater levels. In this study, a turbulence and depth resolving numerical model is developed to examine the interaction between beach groundwater and wave overtopping processes.

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3

Wahab, Ahmad Khairi Abd, Norasman Othman, Mohamad Hidayat Jamal, and Shairul Rohaziawati Samat. "Effect of Rainfall and Groundwater Level on Sandy Beach Profile." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.32.

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In Malaysia, rainfall distribution patterns are normally influenced by seasonal wind flow patterns coupled with local topographic features. Heavy rain spells and storms during the Northeast Monsoon will affect groundwater table elevation and the beach profile. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between rainfall and groundwater elevation and their effect to beach profile change. This work was undertaken at the Desaru Beach, Johor. The rainfall, groundwater table, tides and beach profiles data were measured at the site. As a result, the findings revealed that the groundwater table is affected by rainfall intensity; higher during wet season and lower during dry season. Groundwater table near the coastline is also affected by the tides. However, the data showed that there is a lag time between rising and falling of groundwater table and tides. Finally, the beach profile was found to be eroded as the groundwater elevation increased on the beach.

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4

de Sieyes, Nicholas R., Todd L. Russell, Kendra I. Brown, Sanjay K. Mohanty, and Alexandria B. Boehm. "Transport of enterococci and F+ coliphage through the saturated zone of the beach aquifer." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 1 (June 22, 2015): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.290.

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Coastal groundwater has been implicated as a source of microbial pollution to recreational beaches. However, there is little work investigating the transport of fecal microbes through beach aquifers where waters of variable salinity are present. In this study, the potential for fecal indicator organisms enterococci (ENT) and F+ coliphage to be transported through marine beach aquifers was investigated. Native sediment and groundwaters were collected from the fresh and saline sections of the subterranean estuary at three beaches along the California coast where coastal communities utilize septic systems for wastewater treatment. Groundwaters were seeded with sewage and removal of F+ coliphage and ENT by the sediments during saturated flow was tested in laboratory column experiments. Removal varied significantly between beach and organism. F+ coliphage was removed to a greater extent than ENT, and removal was greater in saline sediments and groundwater than fresh. At one of the three beaches, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the attenuation of F+ coliphage and ENT down gradient of a septic leach field. ENT were detected up to 24 m from the leach field. The column study and field observations together suggest ENT can be mobile within native aquifer sediments and groundwater under certain conditions.

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5

Maple, Margit, Maia Coylar, Russell Detwiler, and Timu Gallien. "MODELING COASTAL WATER TABLE FLUCTUATIONS USING PFLOTRAN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.88.

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Coastal aquifers are highly dynamic groundwater systems. Sea level rise will cause a rise in coastal groundwater tables resulting in increased risk of shallow or emergent groundwater (Befus et al., 2020). Marine water level fluctuations cause the beach groundwater table to oscillate over a relatively large range. Understanding these oscillations is crucial, as shallow (i.e., high) water tables may impact subsurface infrastructure, mobilize sediment, and increase liquefaction risks. Although the impacts of tides and wave setup on coastal water tables have been studied (e.g., Nielsen, 1990; Housego et al, 2021), the cumulative impacts of wave runup, partially saturated flow, complex beach topography, and dual tidal forcing for bay-backed regions have not been explored. This work numerically models beach water table fluctuations which are compared to in-situ swash and beach groundwater observations at Cardiff State Beach in Encinitas, CA.

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6

Li, L., and D. A. Barry. "Wave-induced beach groundwater flow." Advances in Water Resources 23, no. 4 (January 2000): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1708(99)00032-9.

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7

Smit, Yvonne, Jasper Donker, and Gerben Ruessink. "Spatiotemporal Surface Moisture Variations on a Barred Beach and their Relationship with Groundwater Fluctuations." Hydrology 6, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6010008.

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Understanding the spatiotemporal variability of surface moisture on a beach is a necessity to develop a quantitatively accurate predictive model for aeolian sand transport from the beach into the foredune. Here, we analyze laser-derived surface moisture maps with a 1 × 1 m spatial and a 15-min temporal resolution and concurrent groundwater measurements collected during falling and rising tide at the barred Egmond beach, the Netherlands. Consistent with earlier studies, the maps show that the beach can be conceptualized into three surface moisture zones. First, the wet zone just above the low tide level: 18–25%; second, the intertidal zone: 5–25% with large fluctuations. In this zone, surface moisture can decrease with a rate varying between ∼2.5–4% per hour, and cumulatively with 16% during a single falling tide; and, third, the back beach zone: 3–7% (dry). The bar–trough system perturbs this overall zonation, with the moisture characteristics on the bar similar to the upper intertidal beach and the trough always remaining wet. Surface moisture fluctuations are strongly linked to the behavior of groundwater depth and can be described by a ’Van Genuchten-type’ retention curve without hysteresis effects. Applying the Van Genuchten relationship with measured groundwater data allows us to predict surface moisture maps. Results show that the predictions capture the overall surface moisture pattern reasonably well; however, alongshore variability in groundwater level should be improved to refine the predicted surface moisture maps, especially near the sandbar.

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8

Ballukraya, P. N., and R. Ravi. "Natural Fresh-Water Ridge as Barrier Against Sea-Water Intrusion in Chennai City." Journal Geological Society of India 52, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1998/520304.

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Abstract Hydrogeological investigations along the Chennai (Madras) coast showed that groundwater levels are lower than mean sea level, often as much as -3 to -6m. However, the quality of groundwater in the near-surface unconfined aquifer, tapped by shallow wells, is reasonably fresh, though deeper wells show distinct signs of sea-water intrusion. Presence of fresh water below mean sea level in the absence of positive fresh water head is not possible in a coast line having hydraulic continuity with the marine environment. Detailed studies show that a narrow fresh water ridge, created by the beach dune complex, exists along the coast. Along most of the beach ridge groundwater abstraction is relatively less and also there is regular recharge into the aquifers from monsoon rains, and thus the static water level remains slightly above mean sea level along a narrow zone for most of the coastline. This fresh water ridge prevents contamination of the shallow aquifer to the west of the ridge, even though the water levels fall below mean sea level in the aquifer. Where the beach area has been urbanized or where there is large-scale abstraction from beach zone, groundwater has been contaminated with saline water as there is no fresh water barrier in such locations. Thus, the beach area has, to a large extent, safeguarded the shallow aquifers from serious saline water intrusion in Chennai city. This is a fortuitous situation which also selVes as a warning not to urbanise beach zones in coastal cities.

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9

Woussen, Emilie, Damien Sous, and Nadia Sénéchal. "Observations of Tide- and Wave-Driven Groundwater Dynamics in Meso-Tidal Sandy Beach." Water 16, no. 13 (July 5, 2024): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16131924.

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This study focuses on the non-hydrostatic groundwater dynamics of a meso-tidal sandy beach under the influence of tides and waves. A field campaign was conducted at Lacanau Beach, France, during four consecutive tide cycles in March 2022. Groundwater dynamics was monitored based on a network of buried pressure sensors. The data analysis revealed the combined influences of waves and tides on the groundwater circulation. Tidal-scale groundwater flows are predominantly seaward, primarily controlled by the head gradient resulting from a high coastal aquifer. A circulation cell develops under the swash zone and moves across the beachface following the tidal oscillations. On a daily scale per alongshore and vertical units, the observed flow is 2.5 m3.m−2.day−1, i.e., 912.5 m3.m−2.year−1. Extrapolating the present dataset, it may be expected that combined events, such as drought-induced aquifer depletion with high tides, could lead to beach-scale gradient reversal, potentially causing salinisation of the continental aquifer.

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10

Ruiz de Alegria-Arzaburu, Amaia, Jon J. Williams, and Gerhard Masselink. "APPLICATION OF XBEACH TO MODEL STORM RESPONSE ON A MACROTIDAL GRAVEL BARRIER." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 23, 2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.39.

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The process-based XBeach numerical model has been used to simulate storm-induced morphological response on a macrotidal gravel barrier located in southwest UK. Using well-established parameterisation to define all relevant hydrodynamic, groundwater and sediment processes, the model was applied in 1D mode to simulate observed storm-induced beach profile responses. Investigations showed that the morphological response of the beach was best modelled using a total drag coefficient, CD, of 0.007, and a hydraulic conductivity, K, of 0.05ms-1. Results obtained from simulations with and without beach groundwater highlighted the need to account for groundwater effects when modelling morphological changes on gravel beaches. The model has been found unable of reproducing the formation of a berm, thus, beach recovery conditions cannot be modelled. This is mainly attributed to the fact that XBeach models long waves rather than individual waves, and thus it cannot simulate individual swash events that contribute to onshore sediment transport and berm accretion. However, the model is shown to provide good estimates of post-storm gravel beach/barrier profiles, and to define the threshold for overwash occurrence. Both attributes have utility in a range of practical coastal engineering and management applications.

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11

Carol, Eleonora, Santiago Perdomo, María del Pilar Álvarez, Carolina Tanjal, and Pablo Bouza. "Hydrochemical, Isotopic, and Geophysical Studies Applied to the Evaluation of Groundwater Salinization Processes in Quaternary Beach Ridges in a Semiarid Coastal Area of Northern Patagonia, Argentina." Water 13, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 3509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243509.

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Quaternary sea level fluctuations have led to the development of beach ridges on many South Atlantic coasts. The objective of this paper was to asses from lithological, hydrochemical, isotopic, and geophysical studies the salinization processes affecting groundwater stored in Pleistocene and Holocene beach ridges of the northern Patagonian coast. A hydrogeomorphological characterization of the area was performed using digital elevation models, the interpretation of satellite images, and field studies. Vertical electrical soundings were performed on transects running perpendicular to beach ridges in order to define variations in the freshwater-saltwater interface position. The salinity, chemistry, and stable isotopes of the groundwater were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the groundwater salinization of Pleistocene ridges responds to processes associated with the geological-geomorphological evolution of the area. The cementation of these surface sediments limits rainwater infiltration, which consequently prevents the development of freshwater lenses. This suggests that saline water is the result of ancient marine ingressions. Freshwater lenses develop in Holocene beach ridges; however, slight water salinization is detectable in the most populated areas as a result of intensive exploitation. The data provided are useful for freshwater resource prospection along the arid coast of Patagonia, where beach ridge deposits abound and populations experience serious drinking water supply problems.

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12

Paytan, Adina, Alexandria B. Boehm, and Gregory G. Shellenbarger. "Bacterial Contamination and Submarine Groundwater Discharge—A Possible Link." Environmental Chemistry 1, no. 1 (2004): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en04002.

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Environmental Context.Pathogenic bacteria and viruses are sometimes detected in coastal waters, high levels of which correlate with occurrence of acute gastrointestinal illness in recreational beach users. The source of the bacterial and viral contamination to the beach is not always easy to decipher, and therefore efforts to prevent these occurrences are limited by lack of full understanding of their cause. Abstract.Beach water contamination by pathogenic agents is monitored by Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB) levels. A source of these agents may be submarine groundwater discharge. At Huntington Beach, California high FIB levels in the surf zone are shown to be associated with high 224Ra and 223Ra activities, indicators of groundwater discharge.

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13

Perera, Eranda, Fangfang Zhu, Nicholas Dodd, Riccardo Briganti, and Chris Blenkinsopp. "SURFACE-GROUNDWATER FLOW NUMERICAL MODEL FOR COASTAL BARRIER BEACH." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.92.

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Fine-grain beaches are relatively common where the beach forms part of a larger coastal barrier system. In such a coastal system, different water levels could be present in the seaward side and back-barrier lagoon. The water level changes in the steady-state lagoon may potentially induce groundwater dynamics near the beach which would subsequently affect seepage flow into (or out of) the beach. The exchange of water could generate varying hydrodynamical and morphodynamical behaviour at the seaward boundary. Hence, it is important to gain insight into groundwater flow dynamics which results in exchange of water between sea, barrier and lagoon; especially for coastal engineers responsible for planning and managing such a coastal environment. In present work, a numerical model is developed to simulate flows through a coastal barrier and it is validated against prototype-scale experimental results, which can then be extended to model small time-scale groundwater flows that may be too expensive or impractical to set up in a lab.

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14

Rahim, N. S., Ilya K. Othman, M. H. Jamal Jamal, and Z. Ismail. "GROUNDWATER RESPONSE TO TIDES ON A SANDY BEACH." ASEAN Engineering Journal 14, no. 3 (August 31, 2024): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v14.20740.

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Beach profile formation and morphology have been widely studied in recent years. A key point of understanding the dynamics of sandy beaches is the knowledge of the interactions between tides and groundwater with the beach profile, despite the challenges of conducting high-quality measurements. This study aims to clarify the response of groundwater levels to tides during two fieldworks: inter-monsoon (2017) and Southwest monsoon (2018) at Desaru Beach. Four monitoring wells were installed perpendicular to the beach, alongside a tide gauge, a wave buoy, and an underwater current meter. The findings showed that the water table was generally not flat but fluctuated with time following the tidal pattern at a tangent. Lag times observed in all wells ranged from 3 hours 20 minutes to no lag times during the spring and from about 4 hours 40 minutes to no lag times during the neap. The groundwater closest to the sea indicated a shorter lag time at high tides than low tides during the inter-monsoon and Southwest monsoon. This study indicated that the beach groundwater filled up faster than it drained between rising and falling tides. The time lags of groundwater levels established in this study can be utilised in coastal flood forecasting for similar beach conditions. Keywords: Sandy beach, water table, tides, morphology, waves Kajian mengenai pembentukan dan morfologi profil pantai dijalankan secara meluas sejak kebelakangan ini. Satu perkara penting dalam memahami dinamik pantai berpasir adalah pengetahuan tentang interaksi antara pasang surut dan air bumi terhadap profil pantai, meskipun terdapat kesukaran dalam melakukan pengukuran berkualiti tinggi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan respons paras air bumi terhadap pasang surut semasa dua kerja lapangan dijalankan iaitu antara-musim (2017) dan musim barat daya (2018). Empat perigi pemantauan dipasang secara serenjang dengan pantai, bersama-sama dengan tolok pasang surut, boya gelombang dan meter arus. Hasil kajian menunjukkan aras air secara umumnya tidak rata tetapi berubah mengikut corak pasang surut dengan tangen. Air bumi yang terdekat dengan laut menunjukkan masa lengah yang dicerap dalam semua perigi berjulat antara 12 minit hingga 3 jam 35 minit semasa pasang surut perbani dan dari 5 minit hingga 3 jam 55 minit semasa pasang anak. Air bumi yang terdekat dengan laut menunjukkan masa lengah yang lebih pendek semasa pasang tinggi berbanding pasang surut semasa antara-musim, sementara keadaan tersebut kekal relatif konsisten semasa musim barat daya. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa air bumi memenuhi dengan lebih cepat daripada mengalir keluar antara pasang naik dan pasang surut. Masa lengah paras air bumi yang ditetapkan dalam kajian ini boleh digunakan dalam meramal banjir pantai untuk keadaan pantai yang serupa. Kata kunci: Pantai berpasir, aras air, pasang surut, morfologi, gelombang

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15

Couturier, Mathilde, Gwendoline Tommi-Morin, Maude Sirois, Alexandra Rao, Christian Nozais, and Gwénaëlle Chaillou. "Nitrogen transformations along a shallow subterranean estuary." Biogeosciences 14, no. 13 (July 11, 2017): 3321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3321-2017.

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Abstract. The transformations of chemical constituents in subterranean estuaries (STEs) control the delivery of nutrient loads from coastal aquifers to the ocean. It is important to determine the processes and sources that alter nutrient concentrations at a local scale in order to estimate accurate regional and global nutrient fluxes via submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), particularly in boreal environments, where data are still very scarce. Here, the biogeochemical transformations of nitrogen (N) species were examined within the STE of a boreal microtidal sandy beach located in the Magdalen Islands (Quebec, Canada). This study revealed the vertical and horizontal distribution of nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−), ammonia (NH4+), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) measured in beach groundwater during four spring seasons (June 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015) when aquifer recharge was maximal after snowmelt. Inland groundwater supplied high concentrations of NOx and DON to the STE, whereas inputs from seawater infiltration were very limited. Non-conservative behaviour was observed along the groundwater flow path, leading to low NOx and high NH4+ concentrations in the discharge zone. The long transit time of groundwater within the beach (∼ 166 days), coupled with oxygen-depleted conditions and high carbon concentrations, created a favourable environment for N transformations such as heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification and ammonium production. Biogeochemical pathways led to a shift in nitrogen species along the flow path from NOx-rich to NOx-poor groundwater. An estimate of SGD fluxes of N was determined to account for biogeochemical transformations within the STE based on a N-species inventory and Darcy's flow. Fresh inland groundwater delivered 37 mol NOx yr−1 per metre of shoreline and 63 mol DON m−1 yr−1 to the STE, and NH4+ input was negligible. Near the discharge zone, the potential export of N species was estimated around 140, 1.5 and 33 mol yr−1 per metre of shoreline for NH4+, NOx and DON respectively. In contrast to the fresh inland groundwater, the N load of beach groundwater near the discharge zone was dominated by NH4+ and DON. Our study shows the importance of tidal sands in the biogeochemical transformation of the terrestrial N pool. This local export of bioavailable N probably supports benthic production and higher trophic levels leading to its rapid transformation in surface sediments and coastal waters.

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16

Isa, La Ode Saleh, Tjahyo Nugroho Adji, and Ignasius L. Setyawan Purnama. "Analysis of Groundwater Potential in the Coastal Area of Parangtritis using Geoelectrical VES Method." Media Komunikasi Geografi 23, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/mkg.v23i2.51539.

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This research was conducted in the coastal area of Parangtritis, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study aims to describe the hydrostratigraphy of aquifers using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) geoelectric method, to calculate the volume of availability and safe yield of groundwater application, and to compare the volume of availability of safe products with the demand for water for domestic and tourism purposes. This study uses a field survey approach and field data analysis. In this study, there were 9 VES measurement points for primary data and 16 VES measurement points from secondary data, five samples of water demand for restaurants, and 74 samples of domestic groundwater needs. The VES point was measured by a purposive random sampling method representing each landform. Hydrostratigraphic analysis and preparation of 2D and 3D cross-sectional models of subsurface lithology were performed on all VES geoelectrical measurement data. The results showed that the aquifer layer is located at varying depths for each landform, with alluvium sand as the constituent material. The most significant potential for groundwater is found in the form of dunes and beach ridges. The second-largest groundwater potential is in fluviomarine landforms, and the most minor is in the alluvial plain. The groundwater availability in each landform is sand dune and beach ridge of 117,776,100 m3; fluviomarine plain (45,422,700) m3; and alluvial plain (25,553,000) m3. Then, the safe yield of groundwater is 3,498,300 m3 in sand dunes and beach ridges, fluviomarine plain (1,566,300 m3), and alluvial plains (580,750 m3). Meanwhile, based on the calculation of the total need for groundwater for domestic and tourism purposes, the availability of safe yield is still in surplus or sufficient for the estimated needs.

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17

Liu, Yi, and Xiao Min Mao. "Influence of Boundary Conditions on Modeling Seawater Intrusion into Coastal Aquifer." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3074–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3074.

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Numerical simulation is an essential tool for investigation of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifer. For most groundwater modeling software, boundary condition along the beach is required. But it was normally assumed due to the uncertainty in the seawater – freshwater interface. Using FEFLOW, a groundwater simulation software based on finite element method, we investigated the intrusion scope and the exiting point of groundwater outflow under various boundary conditions. Seven cases were designed, among which three cases with boundary conditions of a freshwater layer over seawater, three cases with a triangle freshwater zone between seawater and the beach, and the last one without freshwater at the seawater boundary. Results showed that the last case has the longest intrusion scope. The scope of seawater intrusion is determined by both the horizontal water head gradient along the bottom of the aquifer and the vertical water head gradient along the beach. Both higher horizontal gradient and lower vertical gradient result in larger intrusion scope. In some circumstances, the vertical gradient has greater impact on seawater intrusion than the horizontal gradient, and act as the main power inhibiting seawater intrusion.

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18

Lee, Woo-Dong, and Dong-Soo Hur. "Effects of Coastal Groundwater Level on Beach Deformation." Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology 33, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26748/ksoe.2019.089.

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19

Austin, Martin J., and Gerhard Masselink. "Swash–groundwater interaction on a steep gravel beach." Continental Shelf Research 26, no. 20 (December 2006): 2503–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.031.

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20

Gampathi, G. A. P., and Soon Chan. "Influence of Groundwater Table on Beach Profile Dynamics." Engineer: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka 38, no. 2 (April 20, 2005): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v38i2.7211.

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21

Gallien, Timu, and Marie-Pierre Delisle. "COASTAL FLOODING, WAVE OVERTOPPING AND BEACH GROUNDWATER INTERACTIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.currents.13.

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Coastal flooding is a significant humanitarian and socioeconomic hazard (e.g., Nicholls, 2010). Global mean sea levels are expected to rise over the coming century and mean higher high water (MHHW) and mean high water (MHW), peak levels that drive coastal flooding, show upward trends in many locations (Mawdsley et al., 2015). Significant coastal flooding will occur by 2050 (e.g., Tebaldi et al., 2012; Sweet and Park, 2014). Wave overtopping is primary driver of coastal flooding. Low-lying urbanized sand spits, backed by an estuary are particularly vulnerable to sea level rise. Recent field observations suggest distinct feedbacks between wave overtopping, beach groundwater levels and backshore vulnerability.

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22

Kim, Kyra, and James Heiss. "Methods in Capturing the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Flow and Biogeochemical Reactivity in Sandy Beach Aquifers: A Review." Water 13, no. 6 (March 13, 2021): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060782.

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Sandy beach aquifers are complex hydrological and biogeochemical systems where fresh groundwater and seawater mix. The extent of the intertidal mixing zone and the rates of circulating flows within beaches are a primary control on porewater chemistry and microbiology of the intertidal subsurface. Interplay between the hydrological and biogeochemical processes at these land-sea transition zones moderate fluxes of chemicals, particulates, heavy metals, and biota across the aquifer-ocean interface, affecting coastal water quality and nutrient loads to marine ecosystems. Thus, it is important to characterize hydrological and biogeochemical processes in beach aquifers when estimating material fluxes to the ocean. This can be achieved through a suite of cross-disciplinary measurements of beach groundwater flow and chemistry. In this review, we present measurement approaches that have been developed and employed to characterize the physical (geology, topography, subsurface hydrology) and biogeochemical (solute and particulate distributions, reaction rates) properties of and processes occurring within sandy intertidal aquifers. As applied to beach systems, we discuss vibracoring, sample collection, laboratory experiments, variable-density considerations, instrument construction, and sensor technologies. We discuss advantages and limitations of typical hydrologic field sampling methods when used to investigate beach aquifers and provide a measurement framework for researchers seeking to sample and collect data from these systems.

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23

Rizqi Imaduddin, Faris, Wahyu Wilopo, and Dewi Sekar Harum. "Groundwater Vulnerability to Seawater Intrusion in Parangtritis Beach, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1451, no. 1 (February 1, 2025): 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1451/1/012015.

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Abstract The consequences of increased tourism, population growth, and agricultural activities on groundwater resources are becoming increasingly concerning. The tourism industry in the Parangtritis Tourism Area has been expanding, leading to a rise in the number of hotels and visitors. This growth, along with the expanding population and the demand for groundwater in agriculture, has contributed to a reduction in groundwater reserves. Overexploitation of groundwater can result in several adverse effects, such as declining water tables and deteriorating water quality due to seawater intrusion. Seawater intrusion in coastal areas poses a serious threat, potentially hindering economic development, endangering local cultures, and contaminating groundwater sources. This study is critical as it aims to identify the geological and hydrogeological conditions and assess areas at risk of seawater intrusion in the study area. The research involved observing surface geological conditions, mapping hydrogeology, and applying the GALDIT method to assess the vulnerability to seawater intrusion. The findings reveal diverse lithology in the study area, including fine sand, coarse sand, sandy clay, floatstone, wackestone, andesite, and andesite breccia. Observations from 80 dug wells or boreholes indicated that groundwater use in the study area is limited to an unconfined aquifer with a thickness of up to 101 meters. The GALDIT index results show that the Parangtritis tourism area has a moderate to very high vulnerability to seawater intrusion. Areas with very high vulnerability are primarily concentrated in coastal zones with extensive groundwater usage, covering 4.04% of the total study area. Additionally, high vulnerability areas cover 11.23% of the total research area, characterized by high hydraulic conductivity values in aquifers and dominated by settlements and agricultural land use.

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Fischione, Piera, Davide Pasquali, Daniele Celli, Carmine Di Nucci, and Marcello Di Risio. "Beach Drainage System: A Comprehensive Review of a Controversial Soft-Engineering Method." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2022): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020145.

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The beach drainage can be included among the soft engineering methods aimed to counteract the shoreline retreat related to the sediment redistribution along the beach profile. The idea that the groundwater table plays a role in the mobilization of the sediment grains underlies the application of the beach drainage system (BDS) as a tool able to modify the natural dynamics of groundwater table at sandy beaches. Indeed, BDS consists of a series of alongshore buried drains aimed to lower the groundwater table. Due to the drainage, the thickening of the layer of dry sand makes the solid grains less prone to be mobilized by the action of the waves at the swash zone, where interaction phenomena between the percolating and the incoming water lens take place. This tool had a troubled history. Its first applications were encouraging. Since then, controversial performances of both experimental and prototype scale experiences have been observed around the world. This paper aims to present an up-to-date full review of the studies and experiments carried out so far, in order to provide the reader with a complete perspective on its strength and weakness as well as open challenges to be faced in the near future.

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Jiang, Changbo, Yizhuang Liu, Bin Deng, Yu Yao, and Qiong Huang. "An Experimental Study of Beach Evolution with an Artificial Seepage." Journal of Disaster Research 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p0973.

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Beach erosion caused by extreme wave events (storm surges) is reported to occur in many coastal areas. Artificially lowering the groundwater table effectively stabilizes sand beaches in an environmentally friendly way. Mechanisms affecting beach stabilization remain unclear, however, due to the complex interaction between waves and coastal seepage. This study discusses the effects of coastal seepage on beach profile evolution and bed materials sorting based on laboratory experiments in which seepage is induced artificially by a drain pipe at three cross-shore locations on a 1:10 beach. Morphodynamic beach responses with and without seepage under a typical cnoidal wave condition are reported. Results show that artificial seepage impacts only insignificantly on total upper-beach deposition volume but could increase accretion on the berm’s leeside by reducing seaside sand accumulation. It also induces a steeper berm slope and shoreline recession. A drain pipe near the shoreline generated the greatest accretion height on the upper beach. Seepage location had no significance effect on bed material sorting, however.

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26

Housego, Rachel, Britt Raubenheimer, Steve Elgar, Levi Gorrell, Heidi Wadman, Jesse McNinch, and Kate Brodie. "BARRIER ISLAND GROUNDWATER." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.10.

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Storms can have long-term impacts on the groundwater flows and subsurface salinity structure in coastal aquifers. Previous studies have shown that tides, wave driven infiltration, and storm surge elevate the groundwater level within the beach (Nielsen 1999, Cartwright 2004). The resulting bulge of high groundwater propagates inland, and may cause flooding up to several days after a storm has passed (Gallien 2016). In addition, waves, tides, and storm surge force saltwater to infiltrate into the aquifer above the fresher terrestrial groundwater, and storm-driven pulses of salinity may persist for months (Robinson et al. 2014). Here, observations of groundwater heads and salinities collected continuously for three years are used to examine the effects of ocean storms, wind-driven fluctuations in sound water levels, and morphological changes on a barrier island aquifer.

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Khoirullah, Evi mivtahul, I. g. L. Setyawan Purnama, and Margaretha Widyastuti. "Kajian Hidrostratigrafi Bentanglahan Kepesisiran Tipologi Marine Deposition Coast Kecamatan Ngambur Provinsi Lampung." geoedusains: Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi 2, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/geoedusains.v2i1.398.

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This research was conducted on coastal area located in Ngambur Subdistrict, Pesisir Barat Regency, Lampung Province. Geomorphologically, typology of this coastal area formed of marine deposition coast. Which is consist of sandy beach (M1), beach ridge (M2), and fluviomarine (Fm). The purpose of this reasearch is to reconstruct and analyze charactreistic of hydrostratigraphy which is includes of soil stratigraphy system and properties, and physical properties of groundwater in the research area. Vertical distribution of soil resistivity obtained by measuring 24 of measuring points with depth of penetration’s up to 150 meters. Determination of measurement points are selected using purposive sampling method. Furthermore, the resistivity value of the measurement results is calculated using IP2Win software. Results of the calculation matched with soil resistivity tables. Results of the research show that vertically the type of aquifers identified are aquifer, aquitard, and aquifug. The constituent material is dominated by alluvium containing fresh groundwater which acts as an aquifer and sandstone materials which acts as aquitard. The electrical conductivity value (DHL) measured <1,200mmhos / cm which indicates that the groundwater in ths area is classified as fresh groundwater.

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Ono, Nobuyuki, Takatomo Miyake, Kenki Kasamo, Kenji Ishimoto, and Toshiyuki Asano. "Impact Assessment of Beach Nourishment on Hot Spring Groundwater on Ibusuki Port Coast." Coasts 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2024): 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts5010001.

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This study investigated the thermo-hydrodynamic groundwater environment of a sandy beach where a unique sand bathing method attracts many visitors. The discussed temperatures covered a wide range, from the normal to the boiling temperature of water. We, at first, examined the feasible conditions for sand bathing and found that the volumetric water content was the crucial factor. Comprehensive field observations were implemented to elucidate two physical quantities: the groundwater flow and the temperature in the sand layer. The latter one was found to be governed by the groundwater level and tidal fluctuations. The characteristics obtained were found to be consistent with the feasible conditions in the landward area. While in the offshore area, the temperature was proved to have suddenly dropped. These results strongly suggest that the underground heat source is distributed in specific spots. A numerical model to describe the groundwater flows and the heat transfer mechanism was developed based on a saturated/unsaturated seepage flow model. The computational results were found to adequately reproduce the observed spatial temperature distribution. The reproduction ability of the model was found to be limited in terms of temporal variations; it was good for the groundwater level, but not for the temperature in the sand.

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Li, Hailong, Michel C. Boufadel, and James W. Weaver. "Tide-induced seawater–groundwater circulation in shallow beach aquifers." Journal of Hydrology 352, no. 1-2 (April 2008): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.013.

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30

Sous, Damien, Adrien Lambert, Vincent Rey, and Herve Michallet. "Swash–groundwater dynamics in a sandy beach laboratory experiment." Coastal Engineering 80 (October 2013): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.05.006.

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Zhang, Ying, Ling Li, Dirk V. Erler, Isaac Santos, and David Lockington. "Effects of beach slope breaks on nearshore groundwater dynamics." Hydrological Processes 31, no. 14 (June 2017): 2530–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11196.

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Kamo, Takashi, and Ryuichiro Nishi. "ESTIMATION OF GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE IN A SANDY BEACH; AN EXAMPLE OF FUKIAGEHAMA, KAGOSHIMA PREFECTURE, JAPAN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.currents.34.

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It is recognized that links among forests, rivers and sea are important, because biological and fisheries production in the coastal zone is influenced by land-sea interaction. There are several nutrient supply systems in the coastal zone. River runoff, the most dominant nutrient supply system, has been evaluated by many previous studies. In addition, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has recently been considered as an important source of dissolved material to the coastal zone. For example, Johannes (1980) shows that SGD supplies several times as much nitrate volume as river runoff. However, the nutrient supply mechanisms in sandy beach ecosystem are not yet fully understood. Thus, it is necessary to quantitatively evaluate freshwater discharge and nutrient supply in a sandy beach ecosystem. This study reveals the estimated flow rate and volume of groundwater discharge in Fukiagehama, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

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Xia, Y. Q., and H. L. Li. "A combined field and modeling study of groundwater flow in a tidal marsh." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 7, 2012): 741–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-741-2012.

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Abstract. Bald mud beaches were found among the mangrove marshes in Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China. To investigate the possible reasons for this phenomenon, the intertidal zones of a mangrove transect and a bald beach transect with similar topography and tidal actions were selected for comparison study. Along both transects, observed water table variations were significant in the high and low intertidal zones and negligible in the middle intertidal zones. Despite the same tidal actions and above-mentioned similarities, observed groundwater salinity was significantly smaller along the mangrove transect (average 23.0 ppt) than along the bald beach transect (average 28.5 ppt). These observations invite one hypothesis: the hydraulic structure of tidal marsh and freshwater availability may be the main hydrogeological factors critical to mangrove development. Two-dimensional numerical simulations corroborated the speculation and gave results in line with the observed water table. The two transects investigated were found to have a mud-sand two-layered structure: a surface zone of low-permeability mud and an underlying high-permeability zone that outcrops at the high and low tide lines. The freshwater recharge from inland is considerable along the mangrove transect but negligible along the bald beach transect. The high-permeability zone may provide opportunity for the plants in the mangrove marsh to uptake freshwater and oxygen through their roots extending downward into the high-permeability zone, which may help limit the buildup of salt in the root zone caused by evapotranspiration and enhance salt removal, which may further increase the production of marsh grasses and influence their spatial distribution. The bald beach is most probably due to the lack of enough freshwater for generating a brackish beach soil condition essential to mangrove growth. It is also indicated that seawater infiltrated the high-permeability zone through its outcrop near the high intertidal zone, and discharged from the tidal river bank in the vicinity of the low tide line. These processes thereby formed a tide-induced seawater-groundwater circulation, which likely provided considerable contribution to the total submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Finally, implications and uncertainties behind this study were summarized for future examinations.

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Syazuani, M. S., S. Edlic, S. Mohd Sofiyan, and M. S. Jamilah. "Preventing saltwater intrusion in the Coastal of Terengganu, can BRIS soil system help?" IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1019, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1019/1/012008.

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Abstract Coastal zone is among the most heavily populated areas across the world. The increasing population and rapid development in this area could lead to the possibility of over pumping groundwater. If the groundwater extracted excessively, the saltwater could intrude into the groundwater system and cause the problem. Thus, to prevent this situation from happen, the coastal wetland which known as the beach ridges interspersed with swales (BRIS) soil system area need to be taken care of, as it can recharge the groundwater. Even though this area has been neglected and undervalued for their ecosystem services (purifying groundwater), there are the potential of this area to prevent the saltwater intrusion from happened. Hence, this paper will highlight the potential of BRIS soil system in preventing the saltwater intrusion.

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35

HAYAKAWA, YASUHIRO. "Water quality around the sandy beach of Fukiagehama and nutrients supply from groundwater through the beach." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 74, no. 5 (2008): 922–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.74.922.

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UCHIYAMA, Yusuke. "Tidal Circulation of Groundwater Flow Formed in Sandy-beach Aquifers." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 670 (2001): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2001.670_37.

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Wang, T. C., R. Lenahan, M. Kanik, and J. TenEyck. "The removal of trichloroethylene contaminated groundwater at Vero Beach, Florida." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 14, no. 6 (November 1985): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01055779.

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38

Bakti, Hendra, Rachmat Fajar Lubis, Robert M. Delinom, and Makoto Taniguchi. "SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT ON THE SANDY UNCONFINED AQUIFER AT THE CARNAVAL BEACH, ANCOL (JAKARTA BAY)." Marine Research in Indonesia 41, no. 2 (January 4, 2017): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v41i2.110.

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Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is defined as all direct discharge of subsurface fluids into coastal zone. Components of SGD consist of fresh submarine groundwater discharge and the recirculated saline seawater discharge. SGD could act as a pathway for the transport of anthropogenic contaminants and nutrients to coastal waters. Measurement SGD at Carnaval Beach, Ancol, Jakarta was focussed on unconfined groundwater system. The method of quantified used automatic seepage meter for measured of SGD and installed conductivity temperature depth. The average SGD rate was 0.21 mm/min on March 20-31, 2009 consist of 19.05% fresh water, 80.95% recirculated seawater. April 1-23, 2009, the average SGD rate was 0.81 ml/min which consisted of 16.04% fresh water, 83.96% recirculated seawater. SGD fluctuation was opposite with the tide. As a result, submarine groundwater discharge at Jakarta coastal area was defined and can be measured to quantify.

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39

Gomes, Maria Da Conceição Rabelo, Adryane Gorayeb, Dimas De Brito Souza, and Raquel Morais Silva. "Analysis of the Levels of Alteration of Aquifers Caused by the Installation of Wind Farms on Dunes on the Coast of Ceará, Brazil." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, no. 6 (October 30, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2430.

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This research evaluated the levels of alteration of aquifers caused by installation of wind farms on dunes on the coast of Ceará, using the GOD and POSH methods of vulnerability, underground flow, and the application of multivariate analysis to subsidize the monitoring of groundwater quality in the area. There were three stages of field study: registering the wells and pollution sources, measuring the water levels, and groundwater sampling for laboratory analysis. The results obtained with the GOD method demonstrate the predominance of moderate- to high natural vulnerability of the aquifer to pollution in the areas close to the wind park in the district of Amarelas (Xavier and Ziu beach) and revealed high pollution loads according to the POSH method. The directional vectors of the underground flow are meaningful for Xavier Beach (high vulnerability), the center of Amarelas (moderate vulnerability), Tapuiu and Montevideo (low vulnerability). This indicated that the wind farm may have a potential impact on the lowering of groundwater in the area. From the multivariate analysis, it is evident that the groundwater characteristics are strongly related to the geological formation of the wells (Dunas and Barreiras), showing all samples within the Tolerable Maximum Value for human consumption for TDS, hardness, turbidity, and pH. It is vital to carry out preliminary studies of the aquifers underlying the areas where wind farms are to be installed, considering the levels of vulnerability and the risks of pollution and alteration of the water supply.

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Sun, Ying Jie, Gang Wang, Mou Lu, Bo Fu, Ying Chen, and Qing Yuan Guo. "Distribution and Influencing Factors of Arsenic in Groundwater - Based on the Riverside Groundwater Source Field of some Northern City, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2953.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the geological and anthropogenic aspects of As pollution in groundwater of Northern Suburb Groundwater Source Field in Zhengzhou, China. Based on the groundwater samples of 78 wells in the groundwater source field of some northern city in China, distribution and influencing factors of arsenic were analyzed. The results show that: in the horizontal direction, the arsenic concentration outside beach is higher than that inside; the arsenic concentration presents the regional and continual distribution in the east area and west area, respectively. The arsenic concentration was reduced along with the increase of depth in the vertical direction. Arsenic concentration has significantly correlations with pH, Fe, Mn, SO42- and the water level of Yellow River, respectively (r = 0.5011, 0.7302, 0.6231, -0.5222 and -0.7671), which are the primary influencing factors on the mobilization and transform of arsenic in the groundwater.

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41

Paldor, Anner, Nina Stark, Matthew Florence, Britt Raubenheimer, Steve Elgar, Rachel Housego, Ryan S. Frederiks, and Holly A. Michael. "Coastal topography and hydrogeology control critical groundwater gradients and potential beach surface instability during storm surges." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 5987–6002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5987-2022.

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Abstract. Ocean surges pose a global threat for coastal stability. These hazardous events alter flow conditions and pore pressures in flooded beach areas during both inundation and subsequent retreat stages, which can mobilize beach material, potentially enhancing erosion significantly. In this study, the evolution of surge-induced pore-pressure gradients is studied through numerical hydrologic simulations of storm surges. The spatiotemporal variability of critically high gradients is analyzed in three dimensions. The analysis is based on a threshold value obtained for quicksand formation of beach materials under groundwater seepage. Simulations of surge events show that, during the run-up stage, head gradients can rise to the calculated critical level landward of the advancing inundation line. During the receding stage, critical gradients were simulated seaward of the retreating inundation line. These gradients reach maximum magnitudes just as sea level returns to pre-surge levels and are most accentuated beneath the still-water shoreline, where the model surface changes slope. The gradients vary along the shore owing to variable beach morphology, with the largest gradients seaward of intermediate-scale (1–3 m elevation) topographic elements (dunes) in the flood zone. These findings suggest that the common practices in monitoring and mitigating surge-induced failures and erosion, which typically focus on the flattest areas of beaches, might need to be revised to include other topographic features.

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Horn, Diane, and Ling Li. "Measurement and Modelling of Gravel Beach Groundwater Response to Wave Run-up: Effects on Beach Profile Changes." Journal of Coastal Research 225 (September 2006): 1241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/06a-0006.1.

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Jamal, Mohamad Hidayat, David J. Simmonds, and Vanesa Magar. "GRAVEL BEACH PROFILE EVOLUTION IN WAVE AND TIDAL ENVIRONMENTS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 15, 2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.15.

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This paper reports progress made in modifying and applying the X-Beach code to predict and explain the observed behaviour of coarse grained beaches. In a previous study a comparison of beach profile evolution measured during large scale experiments under constant water level with numerical model simulations was made. This placed particular emphasis on the tendency for onshore transport and profile steepening during calm conditions (Jamal et al., 2010). The present paper extends that investigation to study the influence of the advection of surf processes induced by tidal water level variations effects, on gravel beach profile evolution. The parameter values and numerical model used in the simulation is similar to that presented previously. It is assumed that, to good approximation, the groundwater interface inside the beach follows the tidally modulated water level. The results obtained from the model shows that the model provides reasonable simulations of beach profile change in a tidal environment. In comparison with simulations under stationary water levels, a larger berm is produced in agreement with literature. Finally, good agreement is obtained between the model simulations and an example of field observations from a beach at Milford on Sea, UK. Further developments are outlined for future work.

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Alimah, Siti, Euis Etty Alhakim, Hadi Suntoko, Sunarko Sunarko, and Mudjiono Mudjiono. "STUDY ON HYDROGEOLOGICAL ASPECT OF GALANG SUB-DISTRICT, BATAM CITY FOR ACCEPTANCE OF PROSPECTIVE NPP SITES." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 14, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v14i2.4200.

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This is a preliminary study in the selection of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) site in Batam's Barelang area to support industrial growth in the area in the future. The initial site selection was conducted in 2015 and 2017 in the pre-survey phase, considering hydrogeological aspect. The results of previous research showed four potential areas, namely Pasir Panjang Beach, Tanjung Batu, Dapur 3 and Tanjung Rame. The hydrogeological aspect plays an important role in the consideration of site acceptance. This is related to the consideration of potential flow of radioactively contaminated groundwater seepage in the site area, in the event of a potential release. The acceptance of the NPP site from the hydrogeological aspect is based on the site’s permeable geological formation and porosity condition, where groundwater can be stored. The purpose of the study was to assess the potential site in Galang Sub-district, Batam City based on hydrogeological aspects which include surface geology, groundwater productivity and rock porosity. Research methods include primary and secondary data collection, literature review and ranking analysis. The results showed that Tanjung Batu, Dapur 3 and Tanjung Rame could be chosen as the potential sites for NPP based on the hydrogeological aspect. The three regions have surface geology in the form of sandstone, clay and claystone rock with medium rock porosity level and medium groundwater productivity. Pasir Panjang Beach is less preferable because it has a high porosity of rocks with the productivity of aquifers is being spread widely. Key Words: Hydrogeology; Site selection; Acceptance of NPP site

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Huizer, Sebastian, Max Radermacher, Sierd de Vries, Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink, and Marc F. P. Bierkens. "Impact of coastal forcing and groundwater recharge on the growth of a fresh groundwater lens in a mega-scale beach nourishment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 2 (February 8, 2018): 1065–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1065-2018.

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Abstract. For a large beach nourishment called the Sand Engine – constructed in 2011 at the Dutch coast – we have examined the impact of coastal forcing (i.e. natural processes that drive coastal hydro- and morphodynamics) and groundwater recharge on the growth of a fresh groundwater lens between 2011 and 2016. Measurements of the morphological change and the tidal dynamics at the study site were incorporated in a calibrated three-dimensional and variable-density groundwater model of the study area. Simulations with this model showed that the detailed incorporation of both the local hydro- and morphodynamics and the actual recharge rate can result in a reliable reconstruction of the growth in fresh groundwater resources. In contrast, the neglect of tidal dynamics, land-surface inundations, and morphological changes in model simulations can result in considerable overestimations of the volume of fresh groundwater. In particular, wave runup and coinciding coastal erosion during storm surges limit the growth in fresh groundwater resources in dynamic coastal environments, and should be considered at potential nourishment sites to delineate the area that is vulnerable to salinization.

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Santoro, Alyson E., Alexandria B. Boehm, and Christopher A. Francis. "Denitrifier Community Composition along a Nitrate and Salinity Gradient in a Coastal Aquifer." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 3 (March 2006): 2102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.3.2102-2109.2006.

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ABSTRACT Nitrogen flux into the coastal environment via submarine groundwater discharge may be modulated by microbial processes such as denitrification, but the spatial scales at which microbial communities act and vary are not well understood. In this study, we examined the denitrifying community within the beach aquifer at Huntington Beach, California, where high-nitrate groundwater is a persistent feature. Nitrite reductase-encoding gene fragments (nirK and nirS), responsible for the key step in the denitrification pathway, were PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced from DNAs extracted from aquifer sediments collected along a cross-shore transect, where groundwater ranged in salinity from 8 to 34 practical salinity units and in nitrate concentration from 0.5 to 330 μM. We found taxonomically rich and novel communities, with all nirK clones exhibiting <85% identity and nirS clones exhibiting <92% identity at the amino acid level to those of cultivated denitrifiers and other environmental clones in the database. Unique communities were found at each site, despite being located within 40 m of each other, suggesting that the spatial scale at which denitrifier diversity and community composition vary is small. Statistical analyses of nir sequences using the Monte Carlo-based program ∫-Libshuff confirmed that some populations were indeed distinct, although further sequencing would be required to fully characterize the highly diverse denitrifying communities at this site.

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Qafisheh, Nida, Manar Mfarrej, Dana Al Ghefari, Ayah Kaddoura, Olla Elkateeb, and Bisma Khan. "Water Pollution in the Arabian Gulf." Global Environment 13, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2020.130202.

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Arabian Gulf water has been a victim over the years of the Gulf Wars which resulted in the spillage of millions of oil barrels. These have left a significant amount of pollutants that not only affect marine animals but also alter human lives by affecting soils, groundwater systems and environmental sustainability. This study aims to determine major pollutants that are present at the beaches of Abu Dhabi (a part of the Arabian Gulf). The examination of samples from four different locations was made around Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. These locations included Al Bateen Beach, Saadiyat Beach, Yas Beach and Ras Al Akhdar beach. The methodology included the analysis of pH, salinity, TDS, heavy metal and trace element levels of seawater. The results indicated no presence of heavy metals in any of the four locations. However, there were traces of copper, aluminium, nitrate and magnesium. The results concluded that it is important to maintain the sustainability of Arabian Gulf water because water is the most important natural resource on this planet.

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Chang, Y. C., D. S. Jeng, and H. D. Yeh. "Tidal propagation in an oceanic island with sloping beaches." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 1 (February 22, 2010): 1407–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-1407-2010.

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Abstract. In this study, a new analytical solution for describing the tide-induced groundwater fluctuations in oceanic islands with finite length and different slopes of the beaches is developed. Unlike previous solutions, the present solution is not only applicable for a semi-infinite coastal aquifer, but also for an oceanic island with finite length and different sloping beaches. The solution can be used to investigate the effect of higher-order components and beach slopes on the water table fluctuations. The results demonstrate the effect of higher-order components increases with the shallow water parameter or amplitude parameter and the water table level increases as beach slopes decrease.

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Chang, Y. C., D. S. Jeng, and H. D. Yeh. "Tidal propagation in an oceanic island with sloping beaches." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 7 (July 26, 2010): 1341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1341-2010.

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Abstract. In this study, a new analytical solution for describing the tide-induced groundwater fluctuations in oceanic islands with finite length and different slopes of the beaches is developed. Unlike previous solutions, the present solution is not only applicable for a semi-infinite coastal aquifer, but also for an oceanic island with finite length and different sloping beaches. The solution can be used to investigate the effect of higher-order components and beach slopes on the water table fluctuations. The results demonstrate the effect of higher-order components increases with the shallow water parameter or amplitude parameter and the water table level increases as beach slopes decrease.

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50

SEKIGUCHI, Hideo, Ryoukei AZUMA, and Kriyo Sambodho. "Field Observations of Unconfined Groundwater Dynamics in a Nourished Sand Beach." PROCEEDINGS OF COASTAL ENGINEERING, JSCE 54 (2007): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/proce1989.54.721.

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