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Статті в журналах з теми "Batteries lithium-soufre":
de Margerie, Victoire. "Batteries de véhicules électriques : quelles alternatives à la technologie lithium ion ?" Annales des Mines - Responsabilité et environnement N° 111, no. 3 (October 20, 2023): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/re1.111.0067.
Дисертації з теми "Batteries lithium-soufre":
Kamaleddine, Hanine. "Fonctionnalisation de Nanotubes pour la fabrication de batteries Lithium/Soufre et Lithium/Organique." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASF008.
Lithium/organic batteries are receiving a lot of attention for energy storage. The interest of these batteries lies in their organic electrode materials, prepared from abundant, inexpensive and easily recyclable precursors. However, organic materials have two major disadvantages: their dissolution in organic electrolytes and their low electronic conductivity.The work carried out during this thesis aims at developing organic active materials for the positive electrodes of lithium batteries. In order to overcome the problematics of active material dissolution and poor electronic conductivity, the strategy is to graft covalently the electroactive molecules onto carbon nanotubes, via the chemical reduction of diazonium salts.The first part of this thesis is devoted to the grafting of anthraquinone active material onto different carbon electrodes, and their chemical and electrochemical characterizations. A detailed study of the chemical grafting procedure is carried out to better understand the grafting process and its limitations.In the second part of this thesis, other electroactive molecules (phenanthrenequinone, naphthoquinone, benzoquinone and a molecule containing disulfide bonds) are synthesized and grafted onto nanotubes. The results show that the rate of grafting onto nanotubes is low regardless of the nature of the grafted electroactive molecule
Lemarié, Quentin. "Développement et caractérisation in situ d'électrodes positives pour batteries Lithium/soufre." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI041.
Even though the Li-ion technology is dominating nowadays battery market, it is suffering from the high cost and toxicity of some of its materials as well as struggling to reach the performance goals set by always more demanding hybrid and electric vehicles. Facing the need for a new battery generation, the lithium/sulfur (Li/S) technology stands as a promising candidate for a medium term industrialization and commercialization. Based on an abundant and low-cost active material, elemental sulfur, it enables practical energy densities two to three times higher than current Li-ion batteries. However, the intermediate electrochemical reactions of this system imply many dissolutions/depositions of the active material, causing important morphological variations at the positive electrode which have a major impact on the capacity and cycling performance of the batteries. Hence a better comprehension of those degradation mechanisms is required in order to develop new and innovating electrode materials enabling an optimization of the performance of the system. Therefore, the first goal of the thesis was to employ innovative in situ characterization techniques in order to develop tools allowing to link the properties of the different electrode materials to the performance of the batteries. To do so, three techniques were used: acoustic emission, X-ray tomography and dilatometry. Then, the conclusions drawn from the observations made from the characterization tools enabled us to focus the conception of the electrodes on using a new binder based on a polyelectrolyte material. In this work, we were in particular able to demonstrate a relationship between the measured acoustic activity during the first charge/discharge cycles of different electrode formulations to their mechanical properties. Then, coupling in situ X-ray tomography and diffraction enabled us to shed light on new phenomena linked to the dissolution and deposition of sulfur during the 1st cycle. Finally, the combination of the study of thickness variation via dilatometry, of the monitoring of the acoustic activity and of tomographic observations was the key to prove the better mechanical properties of the polyelectrolyte binder. Together with its properties of regulation of the sulfur species, our conclusions strengthen the certain interest in the family of materials as a binder of positive electrodes for Li/S batteries
Tonin, Guillaume. "Caractérisation operando des accumulateurs Li/S par tomographie d’absorption et diffraction des rayons X, vers une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes électrochimiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI036/document.
The main objective was to identify the degradations phenomena and the limiting processes occurring while cycling Li/S accumulators to therefore put in relation the electrode morphology, the cell design, the electrochemical performances and the degradations phenomena. A new design of operando cell has been developed to be suitable with ESRF experiments. Operando Absorption and X-ray Diffraction tomography technics were performed. Thanks to both technics, the morphological changes and transport limitation kinetics along the 3D positive electrode have been evidenced. In addition, the lithium electrode/electrolyte interface has been characterized and heterogeneous stripping/plating has been evidenced, leading to low electrochemical performances while cycling
Lu, Wenqing. "Synthesis and characterization of MOF based selective membranes for energy storage systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLS036.
Li-S batteries are promising next generation energy storage systems due to their high energy density and low cost. However, important limitations remain such as capacity decline and short lifetime due to the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides. Modified separators have been proposed to date to solve this problem, but their performance remains limited due to the poor compatibility between the functional materials and the separator. An alternative approach is to use an interlayer, often a self-supporting film, between the sulfur cathode and the separator. Developing flexible interlayers that effectively mitigate the shuttle effect and improve Li+ transport remains however a challenge. This thesis focused on the shaping of mixed-matrix membranes (MMM) based on microporous MOFs (Metal-Organic-Frameworks) and conductive carbon in order to meet the improvement requirements of Li-S batteries.Chapter 1 presents an overview of MOFs, emphasizing their unique properties and potential applications. The advantages of MOFs and the challenges associated with their most commonly used preparation methods were also discussed. Furthermore, the chapter explored the applications of MOFs in various energy devices and focused on the use of MOF-based functional interlayers and separators in Li-S batteries.PVA is an attractive polymer matrix for MMMs due to its mechanical properties, low toxicity and low cost. Chapter 2 consisted of improving the uniformity of MOF-801(Zr)/C/PVA membranes. The maximum loading of MOF-801(Zr) in these membranes was about 25%. The electrochemical characterizations highlighted a limited performance for Li-S batteries incorporating the MOF-801(Zr)/C/PVA MMM interlayers, despite higher specific capacities than pure PVA membranes. Therefore, further research has then focused on improving the polymer permeability and increasing the filler loading to improve the performance of the interlayers.PVDF-HFP has emerged as a promising copolymer matrix for advanced Li-S batteries due to its favorable electrolyte permeability and thermal stability. In chapter 3, MOF-801(Zr)/C/PVDF-HFP MMMs were prepared and evaluated. MOF-801(Zr)/C/PVDF-HFP MMM have shown to facilitate Li+ diffusion and an efficient polysulfide immobilization. A specific capacity of 880 mA h g-1 was obtained, even after 50 cycles. Additionally, the potential of metal bisphosphonates MIL-91(Ti) and MIL-91(Al) as interlayers for Li-S batteries was investigated, given their ultra-microporosity and accessible polar groups.PEO has suitable properties for Li-S batteries, including high dielectric constant and easy Li+ solvation. It has been found that materials with acidic centers are beneficial for improving ionic conductivity and limiting polysulfide diffusion. Chapter 4 thus focused on the incorporation of MOF-801(Zr) nanoparticles, with a high specific surface and an ‘acidic’ porosity, within the PEO matrix. These MOF-801(Zr)/C/PEO MMMs exhibited high ionic conductivity, which is of interest for use as interlayers within Li-S batteries, leading to a remarkable 40% improvement in discharge capacity.Overall, the main objectives of this thesis had been achieved. This work presented the development of a novel and facile approach for the preparation of new MOF-based MMMs interlayers. This methodology could be easily extended to other MOFs to enhance the performance of Li-S systems
Desoeurbrun, Célestine. "Etude des relations entre la structure et les performances électrochimiques de matériaux MoS2-Ketjenblack pour les batteries lithium-soufre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALI100.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are promising candidates for energy storage. Due to their high theoretical gravimetric and volumetric energy density of 2500 Wh.kg-1 and 2800 Wh.L-1 [1], they have the potential to practically store about 3 times more energy than Li-ion batteries. However, several challenges hinder their commercial development. Among those, the “shuttle-effect” is one of the major drawbacks and consists of a back-and-forth movement between electrodes of the dissolved intermediates polysulfides (Li2Sx, 2 < x < 8) giving rise to low active sulfur utilization, poor coulombic efficiency, and rapid capacity decay.In literature, many strategies have been proposed ranging from protective Li passive layers to electrolyte separator functionalization, and new positive electrode design using efficient polysulfides trapping materials (e.g. porous carbon, metal-organic frameworks, metal-based material such as oxides or hydroxides or even sulfides materials)2. Among them, MoS2 has proven to be a good adsorbent candidate to interact with polysulfide species3.This PhD project is dedicated to the design of supported MoS2-Ketenblack (Mo-KB) for Li-S positive electrode to tackle the “shuttle effect” phenomenon. We aimed to better understand the parameter playing a role on the polysulfide trapping mechanism to design an optimized Mo-KB electrode to i) mitigate polysulfide shuttling, and ii) favor their reduction into Li2S.Samples with MoS2 morphology, Mo loading, slab length variation were synthesized to modify the type and number of actives sites to study the impact on polysulfides interactions, and the resulting impact on the Li-S battery performances.To do so, we setup a new UV-Vis methodology using in situ probe to systematically quantify the polysulfides adsorption onto the developed materials. Indeed, this methodology limits the artefacts due to the setup compared to usual UV-Vis setup using a quartz cuvette and helps to understand the true effect of adsorbents nature (MoS2, MoS2-Ketjenblack, silica) on the adsorption phenomena and how it may modify the chemistry in solution of polysulfides (disproportionation and speciation). Finally, the sulfur impregnated porous Mo-KB powders were subsequently integrated into the formulation of sulfur-positive electrodes within a coin cell battery environment to assess their effectiveness as both PS trap and catalytic surface to convert polysulfides. The electrochemical measurements performed aimed to quantitatively determine whether it would enhance the electrochemical performance (capacity, faradic efficiency, power, cycle life) over time.References1. Seh, Z. W., Sun, Y., Zhang, Q. & Cui, Y. Designing high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries. Chemical Society reviews 45, 5605–5634; 10.1039/c5cs00410a (2016).2. Chen, Y. et al. Advances in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: From Academic Research to Commercial Viability. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), e2003666; 10.1002/adma.202003666 (2021).3. Liu, Y., Cui, C., Liu, Y., Liu, W. & Wei, J. Application of MoS 2 in the cathode of lithium sulfur batteries. RSC Adv. 10, 7384–7395; 10.1039/C9RA09769D (2020)
Robba, Alice. "Développement et compréhension des mécanismes électrochimiques des accumulateurs Lithium-ion/Soufre." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI049/document.
Using Li2S instead of S8 as active material allows metallic lithium free batteries, also called Lithium-ion/Sulfur batteries, to be developed and safer systems with high energy density to be designed. The main difference between S8 and Li2S-based systems lies in the first charge. Indeed, during this first charge, a high polarization occurs with lack of reproducibility. Then, the main goal of this work is to focus on the analysis and understanding of the Li2S particle size impact on the electrochemical mechanism during the first charge of a Li-ion/Sulfur battery. Three Li2S types have been studied in this work: two nanometric Li2S and a micrometric one. Firstly, classical PVdF (polyvinylidenefluoride) binder was demonstrated to be highly reactive with nanometric Li2S leading to a new formulation based on PEO (polyethylene oxide) to be developed. Electrochemical investigations confirmed that starting with Li2S nanoparticles can effectively suppress the overall charge polarization. To go deeper, operando characterizations such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) have been carried out in order to correlate the particle size and the BET surface area effects. XRD results show that Li2S and β-sulfur phases coexist almost all along the first charge when starting with micrometric Li2S, while no polysulfides are detected by RIXS analysis. Therefore, a solid/solid (micrometric Li2S-->S8) reaction is suggested when using micrometric Li2S. On the opposite, when starting with nanometric Li2S particles, a very classical behavior (Li2S-->Polysulfides in solution-->S8) is obtained with the successive existence of the two solid phases with polysulfides in solution
Toulgoat, Fabien. "Synthèse de nouveaux anions organiques fluorés, électrolytes pour batteries au lithium et piles à combustible." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10002.
A new synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides, key intermediates of sulfonates, sulfonamides and sulfonimides, was developed. This method, based on the use of silanes as precursors of sulfinates, allows us to carry out “one pot” transformations. Furthermore, sulfonyl fluorides can be obtained from the corresponding sulfinates by electrophilic fluorination. Then, sulfonyl fluorides hydrolysis affords sulfonates. Reactions of sulfonyl fluorides with benzylamine prove to be more efficient than CF3SO2NH2. Finally, the benzyl group is cleaved very easily by reaction with ethanol without any hydrogen or metal. By this method, a series of sulfonimides were synthesised. As an alternative to the reaction between sulfonyl fluorides and amines, sulfonamides can be prepared from sulfinamides
Vinci, Valentin. "Accumulateurs Li/S : barrières organiques à la réactivité des polysulfures." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI043/document.
The objectives of this thesis work were to explore new strategies to improve the performance of Li / S accumulators, systems exhibit with high theoretical energy densities whose performance is limited by an electrochemical mechanism including soluble and reactive intermediates. These intermediates induce a low coulombic efficiency and a significant loss of capacity during cycling. Several strategies have been evaluated to create a barrier of organic nature, which mitigate the transport or the reactivity of these polysulfides. The solutions explored are versatile and simple to implement. Good results have been obtained in terms of coulombic efficiency and cyclability, in particular through the use of a polymeric material enables to form ionic interactions with the sulfur intermediates. The mechanism of lithium deposition and dendritic growth has also been studied, for a more complete understanding of the system
Depardieu, Martin. "Chimie intégrative pour la synthèse de matériaux fonctionnels avancés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0316/document.
Hierarchical porosity in solid foams allows the combination of the advantages offered by the different scales of structuration : macropores allow high porous volume and easy diffusion of reagents, while mesopores and micropores allow confinement and high specific surface areas. Integrative chemistry, associating soft matter and soft chemistry, offers a variety of synthetic pathways to generate such materials. We used emulsions and surfactants to template sol-gel chemistry in order to obtain silica foams bearing hierarchical porosity. These silica foams were employed as hard templates to synthesize carbon foams, used as electrodes in lithium-sulfur batteries bearing high capacities. We then explored the impact on performances of loading them with metallic nanoparticles. We also studied the potential of those carbon foams for hydrogen storage, and we obtained cycling capabilities with LiBH4 after loading them with metallic nanoparticles. Finally, the silica foams were used as a support for bacterial growth. Indeed, when bacteria grow in a confined medium, the kinetics of growth and their final concentration can be totally different than what is observed in classical cultures, which is of high interest for applications such as biocatalysis
Coadou, Erwan. "Organosulphur compounds for electrochemical energy storage applications : supercapacitors and lithium-sulphur batteries." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.706291.