Дисертації з теми "Batterie Lithium Métal"
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Lassagne, Adrien. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux électrolytes copolymères pour batteries lithium métal polymère." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI063.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with synthesis and characterization of new polymer electrolytes for lithium metal polymer (LMP) batteries. The main challenge of polymer electrolytes is to combine both high ionic conductivity at low temperature and good mechanical properties. To overcome these issues, block copolymers have been designed. Remarkable properties are reached thanks to the self-assembly of these triblock copolymers. Mechanical properties are given by stiff polystyrene (PS) domains whereas ionic mobility operates in an ionophilic phase, polyoxyethylene (POE) with a lithium salt (LiTFSI). By introducing chemical defects in the POE backbone, melting temperature of the copolymer has been considerably lowered leading to conductivities of about 7.10-5 S.cm-1 and a Young’s modulus of 0.3 MPa at 40°C. If interesting properties are obtained thanks to this strategy, the small fraction of conductivity insured by lithium ions (t+=0.15) remains an issue. The low t+ leads to large concentration gradients limiting the performances of the system. In a second approach, TFSI anions have been covalently tethered on the PS backbone, raising the t+ to 1. An important increase of Li+ conductivity was obtained by adding a perfluorinated spacer between PS and TFSI moieties, with an ionophilic phase based on PEO (2.10-5 S.cm-1 @ 60°C). The chemical modification of the PEO block leads to Li+ conductivities of 10-6 S.cm-1 at 40°C. The composition of these different copolymers have been varied and their structural, thermal, mechanical and transport properties have been studied. Finally the best electrolytes of each category have been assessed in a full cell configuration
Teyssot, Anna. "Etude de l'interface lithium métal / électrolyte polymère fondu ou gélifié." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001112.
Повний текст джерелаHajndl, Ognjen. "Batterie tout solide pour application automobile : processus de mise en forme et étude des interfaces." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI026/document.
Повний текст джерелаNext generation batteries expectations for electric vehicle are significant, whether in terms of autonomy, environmental impact, charging speed and cost. The all solid-state batteries with a non-flammable solid electrolyte, rather than the conventional liquid one, could meet those criteria.Garnet-type ceramic Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a promising solid electrolyte given its good Li-ion conductivity, chemical and electrochemical stability. The major constraint is the need to densify the ceramic at high temperature in order to make it conductive. No standard method exists to build a dense all-solid cell with low interfacial resistance.In this context, the PhD work managed to optimize the solid-state synthesis protocol of the LLZO oxide and his densification by the hot-pressing technique. The conditions of symmetrical Li/LLZO/Li cell assembly allowed to study the Li-metal/LLZO interface and its impact on lithium plating/striping behavior. Feasibility of densifying a “half-cell” (composite cathode/LLZO) in one single step was also studied by adjusting the hot-pressing temperature and pressure parameters
Cipolla, Alex. "Etude et amélioration d'accumulateurs à anode de lithium métal en couplant modélisation et caractérisation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03689299.
Повний текст джерелаLithium metal represents the optimal candidate for the negative electrode in lithium batteries, due to its high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh.g-1) and low potential (-3.04 V SHE). On the other hand, the major drawback of this technology is the formation of dendrites, which can cause thermal runaway and internal short-circuits, and are responsible for the limited lifetime of the cells. A dendrite-free lithium deposition is needed to improve this high energy density technology, thus, a deeper understanding of the phenomena and parameters that influence dendrite growth and formation is necessary.The goal of this work is the correlation between experiments and modelling, to understand the formation and the growth of dendrites. The output of the model allows one to theorize in which conditions dendrites growth is boosted or avoided, and how the properties of the cell components and the design of the electrode surface can affect it, to suggest solutions to reduce dendrites. On the other hand, the experimental work has the purpose to define a framework of techniques to find reliable parameters to be used in the model, and to validate the trends of the model.The proposed continuum model shows that the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) is fundamental to assess dendrites formation and growth, while the definition of a limiting current density is not a sufficient condition to avoid dendrites. Thanks to the introduction of the SEI concept and properties, the proposed model studies the influence of its mechanical and electrochemical properties on the dendritic growth. Starting from the initial surface geometry and the electrochemical and mechanical properties of the cell components, the model is able to predict the conditions that favours dendritic growth and to distinguish different surface morphologies. Tree-like, mossy-like and whisker dendrites are obtained, depending on the applied current density. Moreover, the addition of the mechanics of the SEI allows the model to distinguish between tip-induced growth and root-induced growth. From the model results, it can be concluded that a SEI with low resistivity, high diffusion coefficient and fast reaction rate can reduce dendrite growth, while the mechanical resistance of the SEI is a double-edge sword because it can limit the uncontrolled expansion of the lithium electrode but also boost the root-growth in case of fractures.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques are used to find electrochemical and mechanical properties of the SEI formed in liquid electrolytes. By following electrochemical impedance response over time, it is possible to observe SEI evolution and determine mean values for its thickness, its diffusion coefficient and its conductivity. On the other hand, the AFM technique is used in the force spectroscopy mode, from which it is possible to determine local values of the SEI Young’s modulus. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique, which is able to identify the chemical components on the electrode surface, helps to validate the results of AFM. Finally, the trends predicted by the model are validated with a novel cell configuration suitable for an operando optical microscopy study of lithium metal stripping/plating.This work represents a comprehensive study on dendrites formation and growth in lithium metal batteries. While it considers only liquid electrolytes so far, as a perspective, it could easily be expanded to solid electrolytes and artificial coatings
Bertolotti, Bruno. "Élaboration de membranes échangeuses d’anions à architecture réseaux interpénétrés de polymères pour des batteries lithium-air." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0676/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of polymer membranes to be used as anion exchange membranes for protection on an air electrode in a new lithium–air battery for electric vehicle. In these materials showing interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) architecture, a hydrogenated cationic polyelectrolyte network, the poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH), is associated with a neutral network, which can be either hydrogenated or fluorinated. First, the synthesis of the polyelectrolyte network and the membrane/electrode assembly were optimized. Second, a first IPN series associating the PECH network with a poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) network was synthesized. Third, the same PECH network was associated with a fluorinated polymer network. All the materials were characterized, and optimal synthesis methods as well as an optimal composition were determined for each association. The IPNs show improved properties compared with the single PECH network. The air electrode protected by these new anion exchange membranes shows improved stability in the working conditions of the lithium-air battery. Specifically, a lifetime of 1000 h was obtained when the electrode was modified with a fluorinated IPN, a 20-fold increase in the lifetime of the non-modified electrode
Pelletier, Bérengère. "Caractérisation approfondie de copolymères triblocs PS-b-POE-b-PS utilisés en tant qu'Electrolytes Polymères Solides pour les batteries Lithium-Métal-Polymère." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4730/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe research on electrochemical storage of energy is today in a stage of fast and profound evolution owing to the strong development of portable electronics requesting power energy as well as the requirement of greener transport modes. Most commercial batteries use liquid or liquid-based electrolytes, which limits their thermal stability, energy density and safety. These limitations could be considerably offset by the use of solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) and lithium metal polymer technology (LMP). However, the main drawback of the SPE is the decrease of the ionic conductivity with increasing mechanical strength, necessary to avoid the formation of lithium dendrites during the recharge of the battery. In this context, triblock copolymers PS-b-PEO-b-PS with a PEO block as ionic conductor and PS block providing mechanical strength was a promising candidate as SPE. In order to build composition/morphology/performance relationships, the aim of my PhD is to characterize carefully the block copolymer. For that purpose, the PS-b-PEO-b-PS synthesized (NMP) were characterized using Liquid Chromatography under Limiting Conditions of Desorption (LC LCD). Furthermore, analyses of morphologies and nano-structure by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) techniques, analyses of thermal (DSC) and mechanical (DSC) properties will be also discussed. Finally, measures of impedance were made via symmetric cells Lithium / Electrolyte / Lithium
Gle, David. "Synthèse de copolymères à architectures complexes à base de POE utilisés en tant qu'électrolytes polymères solides pour une application dans les batteries lithium métal-polymère." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4761/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of sustainable development, electric vehicles appear to be a major solution for the future. Among the lastest technologies, the Lithium Metal Polymer battery has presented very interesting performances in terms of energy density. The main drawback of this system is the formation of lithium dendrites during the refill of the battery that could cause short circuits leading to the explosion of the battery. The aim of my PhD is to develop a Solid Polymer Electrolyte showing a high ionic conductivity (2.10-4 S.cm-1 at 40°C) and a high mechanical strength (30 MPa) to prevent dendritic growth. For that purpose, Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization is used to synthesize block copolymers with a PEO moiety for ionic conduction –CH2-CH2-O- and polystyrene for mechanical strength. Different kind of architectures have been synthesized : block copolymer with linear PEO moiety or with grafted PEO moiety
André, Pascal. "Etude de l'électrode positive à base de V2O5 utilisée dans des batteries industrielles lithium-métal à électrolyte polymère." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT2120.
Повний текст джерелаVanadium pentoxide has been studied extensively for its use in lithium batteries due to its having a layered structure that provides good insertion/deinsertion behavior of lithium. This property has made it of great interest for all-solid polymer lithium battery systems
Devaux, Didier. "Caractérisation et optimisation de copolymères à blocs comme électrolytes de batteries lithium métal." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4748/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe key limiting factor for the deployment of Lithium metal batteries is the formation of lithium dendrites at the anode during recharge. One solution consists in the use of a solid polymer electrolyte. A bloc copolymer is composed of one or several conductive blocks based on PEO (poly(ethylene oxide)), linear or branched, doped with a lithium salt (LiTFSI) and reinforced blocks that ideally mitigate the dendritic growth. These materials can self-organize in nanometric domains. The interfaces between the domains generate sufficient mechanical properties at the macroscopic level whilst, locally, the PEO chain dynamics remain high, ensuring ionic conduction.This thesis deals with physico-chemical characterizations of these copolymer electrolytes, with different architectures (diblock, triblock and star shaped), and the optimization of their composition. A fundamental study of doped polymers highlighted the main mechanisms of ionic transport and the impact of the end groups at low molar mass on conductivity and viscosity. This step enabled a selection of the best candidates to be made. A study of the electrolyte stability with respect to lithium was carried out. After the formulation of cathodes, plastic batteries were assembled and successfully tested by galvanostatic cycling under temperature [40°C-100°C] and high regime. Finally, a 6 mAh prototype realised more than 400 cycles under the regime C/4 and D/2 at 100°C
Tran, Nicolas. "Etude des phases Li1+x(Ni0. 425Mn0. 425Co0. 15)1-xO2 en tant que matériaux d'électrode positive pour batteries lithium-ion : effets de la surlithiation sur les propriétés structurales et électrochimiques." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13048.
Повний текст джерелаGuilmard, Marianne. "Étude de matériaux d'électrode positive dérivés de LiNiO2 pour batteries Lithium-ion : compréhension du mécanisme de dégradation thermique des phases désintercalées." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12591.
Повний текст джерелаKubiak, Pierre. "Les oxydes de titane : matériaux d'électrodes négatives pour batteries Li-ion nouvelle génération." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20141.
Повний текст джерелаVinci, Valentin. "Accumulateurs Li/S : barrières organiques à la réactivité des polysulfures." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI043/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objectives of this thesis work were to explore new strategies to improve the performance of Li / S accumulators, systems exhibit with high theoretical energy densities whose performance is limited by an electrochemical mechanism including soluble and reactive intermediates. These intermediates induce a low coulombic efficiency and a significant loss of capacity during cycling. Several strategies have been evaluated to create a barrier of organic nature, which mitigate the transport or the reactivity of these polysulfides. The solutions explored are versatile and simple to implement. Good results have been obtained in terms of coulombic efficiency and cyclability, in particular through the use of a polymeric material enables to form ionic interactions with the sulfur intermediates. The mechanism of lithium deposition and dendritic growth has also been studied, for a more complete understanding of the system
Auguste, Sandy. "Synthèse et caractérisation de composés dans le système lithium-métal de transition-phosphite pour des applications en tant que matériaux de batteries." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENCR0011.
Повний текст джерелаThis work involves the research of new materials for applications as positive electrode materials in the field of lithium batteries. Our experiments focused on the hydrothermal synthesis route and characterization of compounds containing the phosphite group (HPO3)2- and various transition metals: vanadium, manganese and iron. The system based on vanadium has highlighted two original oxalatophosphites Li2(VOHPO3) C2O4, x H2O (x = 4 and 6) with lamellar structures whose thermal behaviors were studied in detail. The mobility of lithium by electrochemical and chemical routes was studied in a third original phase LiV(HPO3)2 of the same vanadium system. The study of the second system based on manganese revealed the original phases Li2Mn(HPO3)2 and LixMn11(HPO3)8(OH)6-xOx which were characterized and the electrochemical cycling was performed on the first compound. Finally, the last system containing iron was investigated and two new compounds, LiFe(HPO3)2, 3 H2O and LixFe11(HPO3)8(OH)6-xOx, were studied
Castets, Aurore. "RMN de matériaux paramagnétiques : mesures et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664817.
Повний текст джерелаMorales, Ugarte Jorge Eduardo. "Etude Operando des accumulateurs au lithium par couplage spectroscopie à photoémission des rayons X et spectroscopie d’impédance." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI082.
Повний текст джерелаFaced with the major industrial challenges in the field of electrochemical energy storage, a fundamental research effort on the materials involved and their interfaces is nowadays essential for a gain in performance, durability and safety.In this context, it is essential to understand the interfacial processes involved that induce the degradation of the lithium metal-electrolyte interface and lead to a decrease in Coulombic efficiency and promote dendritic growth.In this thesis, we propose a study coupling electrochemical techniques such as impedance spectroscopy with surface analysis techniques such as X-ray photo-emission spectroscopy to study the chemical and electrochemical reactivity between electrolytes and a lithium metal electrode.To this end, special attention has been paid to the ionic liquids based electrolytes, which have been proposed as solvents for lithium salts, particularly for their low saturation vapor pressure, which considerably increases the safety of the batteries thus designed.Finally, this work was devoted in particular to the development of operando XPS assemblies and measurements in order to follow the chemical evolution of the interfaces inside a battery in real time
Levasseur, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude des phases Lix(Co,M)O2 en tant que matériaux d'électrode positive des batteries Li-ion : Effets combinés de la surstoechiométrie en lithium et de la substitution (M=Ni,Mg)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003507.
Повний текст джерелаStorelli, Martineau Alexandre. "Étude de l’interface lithium métal/polymère pour l’optimisation des batteries lithium métal tout solide." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25051.
Повний текст джерелаThe increased use of electricity witnessed during the past few decades emphasizes the urgency of developing efficient and performing energy storing devices. Present on the market since the beginning of the 1990s, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have reached the theoretical limit inherent to their components. Research efforts currently aim at developing all-solid batteries composed of a negative lithium electrode. This type of electrode uses only lithium in its pure metallic state and it has the capacity to attain higher energy densities than those attributable to the lithium-ion batteries. Despite the potential of this promising technology, there is an obstacle that must be overcome in order to ensure its viability: the formation of dendrites and mossy lithium on the surface of the lithium metal negative electrode causes the batteries to short-circuit and reduces their life expectancy. Several solutions have been proposed in the literature in order to either eliminate or mitigate the issues of dendritic growth and mossy lithium. However, published studies do not specifically address the correlation between the state of the surface of the lithium metal and its electrochemical performance when used as the negative electrode (anode). This research project therefore focused on evaluating the impact of the state of the surface the lithium metal negative electrode on its electrochemical performance, such as its lifetime, polarization, and impedance. The lithium sheets and the lithium metal/polymer electrolyte interface were characterized in order to better understand the problematic processes related to the use of the lithium metal in batteries. In addition to studying the sheets in their native form, a protective gold deposit was applied by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on the lithium sheets to determine whether the deposit improved the electrochemical performance of the cells. The physical characterization was performed by using tunnelling atomic force microscopy (Peakforce-TUNA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each lithium x sheet used was then characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These chemical characterizations allowed to determine the surface and bulk chemical compositions of the lithium sheets. Finally, in order to understand the impact of the lithium metal/polymer electrolyte interface on the viability of complete cells, galvanostatic cycling, similar to true operating conditions of a battery, was performed. Cross-sections of these batteries were assessed post-mortem by SEM in order to analyze the impact of the cycling density on the internal state of the cells. It has been determined that the morphology of the lithium foils and the lithium metal/polymer electrolyte interface impacted the lifespan and the polarization of the studied cells. An electrochemical surface preparation method was therefore designed by cycling the lithium electrodes at a low current density (0.130 mA.cm-2), thus improving the life of the symmetrical cells composed of lithium metal electrodes.