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Bentley, Ian, Vona Kuczynska, Valerie M. Eddington, Mike Armstrong, and Laura N. Kloepper. "BatCount: A software program to count moving animals." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 16, 2023): e0278012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the biggest challenges with species conservation is collecting accurate and efficient information on population sizes, especially from species that are difficult to count. Bats worldwide are declining due to disease, habitat destruction, and climate change, and many species lack reliable population information to guide management decisions. Current approaches for estimating population sizes of bats in densely occupied colonies are time-intensive, may negatively impact the population due to disturbance, and/or have low accuracy. Research-based video tracking options are rarely used by conservation or management agencies for animal counting due to the perceived training and elevated operating costs. In this paper, we present BatCount, a free software program created in direct consultation with end-users designed to automatically count bats emerging from cave roosts (historical populations 20,000–250,000) with a streamlined and user-friendly interface. We report on the software package and provide performance metrics for different recording habitat conditions. Our analysis demonstrates that BatCount is an efficient and reliable option for counting bats in flight, with performance hundreds of times faster than manual counting, and has important implications for range- and species-wide population monitoring. Furthermore, this software can be extended to count any organisms moving across a camera including birds, mammals, fish or insects.
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Encarnação, J. A., N. I. Becker, and K. Ekschmitt. "When do Daubenton’s bats (Myotis daubentonii) fly far for dinner?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 12 (December 2010): 1192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-085.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates the factors driving foraging behavior of Daubenton’s bats ( Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817)). We analysed the importance of food availability, energy demand, and intraspecific competition in regulating foraging activity and the selection of near versus distant foraging sites. At two foraging patches, insect abundance, foraging activity, and the number of foraging individuals were monitored using sticky traps, telemetry, spotlight counting, and light sticks. Population size was determined by flight path counting. General linear model analysis showed that bat distribution among foraging patches was influenced by distance to roosts, month, bat population size, and the displacement pressure exerted by competing individuals. Foraging time was influenced by food resource accessibility and individual cost/benefit ratio. From June to August, population density, intraspecific competition in foraging patches, and transfer flights between patches and day roosts were most frequent (play-off time). Our results suggest that differences in foraging activity of Daubenton’s bats are mainly driven by differential energy demand and less so by food availability. In times of high energy demand, hunting is avoided when prey are scarce. During play-off time, density spillover in near foraging patches occurs and therefore more distant patches come into use in accordance with predictions by the ideal free distribution theory.
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Robinson, Janine E., Diana J. Bell, Fatma M. Saleh, Ahmed A. Suleiman, and Iain Barr. "Recovery of the Vulnerable Pemba flying foxPteropus voeltzkowi: population and conservation status." Oryx 44, no. 3 (July 2010): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310000463.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractFlying foxes of the genusPteropusare predominantly island taxa, with high levels of endemism, and face high risks of extinction. Their ecological and economic importance in island ecosystems has been widely recognized. Here we investigate the population size and conservation status of the VulnerablePteropus voeltzkowi, endemic to the western Indian Ocean island of Pemba, Tanzania. Direct counts and patch counts were used to determine abundance of flying foxes at roost sites, supplemented with evening dispersal counts, which were conducted to test accuracy of counting techniques under varying conditions of visibility. We estimate that the population size is now a minimum of 18,200–22,100, thus validating reports of annual increases by in-country monitoring teams since the last documented population survey of 4,600–5,500 bats in 1995. Taking into account differences in the counting methodologies for roosting bats we estimate that the population size could be as high as 35,600 individuals. We identified 44 occupied roosting sites, with just four of these supporting up to 87% of the population. Roost disturbance represents a continuing threat to this species and was found to influence roost occupancy and colony size. The implications of the population increase for the local human community are discussed and recommendations provided for continued monitoring and future management of this species on Pemba Island.
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Gillam, E. H. "Eavesdropping by bats on the feeding buzzes of conspecifics." Canadian Journal of Zoology 85, no. 7 (July 2007): 795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z07-060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Echolocation calls of most bats are emitted at high intensities and subject to eavesdropping by nearby conspecifics. Bats may be especially attentive to “feeding buzz” calls, which are emitted immediately before attack on airborne insects and indicate the potential presence of prey in the nearby area. Although previous work has shown that some species are attracted to feeding buzzes, these studies did not provide a well-controlled test of eavesdropping, as comparisons were made between responses to natural and altered signals (e.g., forward versus backward broadcasts of calls). In this study, I assessed the importance of feeding buzzes by conducting playbacks of controlled echolocation stimuli. I presented free-flying Brazilian free-tailed bats, Tadarida brasiliensis (I. Geoffroy, 1824), with echolocation call sequences in which feeding buzz calls were either present or absent, as well as a silence control. I determined levels of bat activity by counting the number of echolocation calls and bat passes recorded in the presence of each stimulus, and found significantly greater bat activity in response to broadcasts that contained feeding buzzes than to broadcasts without feeding buzzes or to the silence control. These results indicate that bats are especially attentive to conspecific feeding buzz calls and that eavesdropping may allow a bat to more readily locate rich patches of insect prey.
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Godlevska, L. V., and P. E. Gol’din. "Unusual Age Structure of the Winter Aggregation of Nyctalus Noctula (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in Kyiv." Vestnik Zoologii 48, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2014-0063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract We analysed the sex and age composition of a large colony of Nyctalus noctula (605 specimens), wintering in Kyiv, Ukraine. Age was identified in 113 individuals using the method of counting growth layer groups in dentine. Males contained ca. 70 % both in the colony and in the sample of animals with the estimated ages. Males and females of all ages were in good body condition. There were bats from 0+ to 7+ years old in the sample. In males, 0+ age class was represented by 38 %; 1+ class, by 20 % of individuals. In females, 0+ and 1+ year old individuals were found in similar numbers: 29 % and 32 % correspondingly. The observed sex ratio and proportions of males and females across age classes cannot be explained only by demography. The data are interpreted in terms of migratory behaviour and mating strategy of the species: the unusual female age structure is possibly due to age-specific preferences in wintering habitat selection and search for potential mating partners.
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Bissoli-Silva, Heitor, Edú Baptista Guerra, Thamila Barcellos Lemes, Mattheus Torrezani Silveira, Monique Pereira Nascimento, Yuri Luiz Reis Leite, and Leonora Pires Costa. "On the relevance of regional collections." Brazilian Journal of Mammalogy, e90 (December 31, 2021): e90202134. http://dx.doi.org/10.32673/bjm.vie90.34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biological collections are the basis of the Earth’s biodiversity knowledge and most of them are regional collections. Here we present two collections from the Federal University of Espírito Santo—Mammal Collection (UFES-MAM) and the associated Animal Tissue Collection (UFES-CTA)—which have been the main repository for mammal specimens collected in Espírito Santo, mostly georeferenced (~ 90%), and available in public databases. Thus, our objective with this essay was to point out the contributions of these collections to the knowledge of the diversity of mammals in the Atlantic Forest. At the same time, we present the contributions they return to society and the scientific community, highlighting the main obstacles and challenges those regional collections face. Despite being regional, UFES-MAM and UFES-CTA stand out nationally for having biological material from a wide variety of species—mainly rodents, marsupials, and bats—also counting on a series of primate tissues collected during the outbreak of wild yellow fever in Southeastern Brazil from 2017 to 2018. These collecting efforts contributed to 42 new mammal species records for Espírito Santo, and 25 species that had already been registered in the state but were listed only in out-of-state collections or reported in literature without voucher specimens. We hope that the information reported here are examples of good practices and increase knowledge and visibility of the rich collection that these regional collections house.
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Jaman, M. Firoj, Md Salahuddin Majumder, Md Sakhawat Hossain, Md Mokhlesur Rahman, and Mayen Uddin. "Diversity Of Wildlife At Ruhitpur Union, Keraniganj, Dhaka." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 40, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v40i2.46027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was carried out through direct field observation by plot counting; transect line method and interviewing the local people from September 2011 to March 2012. A total of 83 species of wildlife belonging to 18 orders, 34 families and 64 genera was recorded. Of them, 4 (4.82%) species were amphibians, 17 (20.48%) reptiles, 55 (66.27%) birds and 7 (8.43%) mammals. Of the amphibians, 3 (75%) were frogs and rest 1 (25%) was toad. Of the reptiles, 3 (17.65%) were turtles, 7 (41.18%) lizards and 7 (41.18%) were snakes. Of the birds, 30 (54.55%) were passerines and remaining 25 (45.45%) were non-passerines. Regarding the resident status, 44 (80.00%) species of birds were resident and 11 (20.00%) were winter migrants. Of the mammals, 4 (57.13%) were rodents, 1 (14.29%) bats, 1 (14.29%) carnivore and 1(14.29%) insectivore. The relative abundance showed that 16 (20.00%) were very common, 17 (21.18%) common, 22 (25.8854) fairly common and 28 (32.94%) were few. Among the threatened categories, 2 (2.35%) were critically endangered, 3 (3.53%) endangered, 13 (15,29%) vulnerable, 50 (61 18%) lower risk and 15 (17.65%) species were data deficient Some threats were identified as the cause for the declining of the biodiversity i.e. habitat degradation, climate change, over exploitation of agricultural lands. Implementation of conservation and management practice is necessary to protect the diversity of present species and their population in the studied habitats
Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 295-308, December 2014
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Červený, Jaroslav, Luděk Bufka, Václav Husinec, and Jiří Bešťák. "Mammals of the Plánický hřeben ridge, south-western Bohemia, Czech Republic." Lynx new series 48, no. 1 (2017): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lynx-2017-0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We report on the results of a short-term research of mammals of the Plánický hřeben ridge, a mountain range in south-western Bohemia. Altogether, 62 species of mammals (68.1% of the mammalian fauna of the Czech Republic) have been recorded (eight eulipotyphlans, 18 bats, 15 rodents, 13 carnivores, seven artiodactylians, and one lagomorph). In total, 261 individuals of 15 species of small mammals were recorded at 10 localities: Sorex araneus (41 inds., D=17.7%, F=100%), S. minutus (22 inds., D=8.4%, F=90%), Neomys fodiens (14 inds., D=5.4%, F=50%), N. anomalus (6 inds., D=2.3%, F=30%), Crocidura suaveolens (1 ind., D=0.4%, F=10%), C. leucodon (1 ind., D=1.2%, F=20%), Talpa europaea (2 ind., D=0.8%, F=20%), Clethrionomys glareolus (37 inds., D=14.2%, F=90%), Arvicola amphibius (2 inds., D=0.8%, F=20%), Microtus arvalis (50 inds., D=19.2%, F=70%), M. agrestis (47 inds., D=18.0%, F=80%), M. subterraneus (6 inds., D=2.3%, F=30%), Apodemus sylvaticus (17 inds., D=6.5%, F=80%), A. flavicollis (11 inds., D=4.2%, F=60%), and Micromys minutus (2 inds., D=0.8%, F=20%). Eighteen species of bats were netted at 10 localities: Myotis myotis (F=60%), M. bechsteinii (F=30%), M. nattereri (F=60%), M. mystacinus (F=70%), M. brandtii (F=30%), M. alcathoe (F=10%), M. daubentonii (F=90%), Eptesicus serotinus (F=20%), E. nilssonii (F=40%), Pipistrellus pipistrellus (F=80%), P. pygmaeus (F=40%), P. nathusii (F=40%), Nyctalus noctula (F=40%), N. leisleri (F=30%), Vespertilio murinus (F=20%), Barbastella barbastellus (F=20%), Plecotus auritus (F=50%), and P. austriacus (F=10%). Larger mammals of 15 species were monitored by camera traps at 10 localities: Mustela erminea (F=10%), Martes martes (F=60%), M. foina (F=80%), Meles meles (F=60%), Lutra lutra (F=10%), Vulpes vulpes (F=100%), Nyctereutes procyonoides (F=10%), Lynx lynx (F=20%), Sus scrofa (F=100%), Capreolus capreolus (F=100%), Cervus elaphus (F=70%), C. nippon (F=50%), Dama dama (F=70%), Ovis aries musimon (F=50%), and Lepus europaeus (F=90%). Fourteen other species were documented by daytime and night counting, snow tracking, faeces sampling and road-kill collecting: Erinaceus europaeus, Castor fiber, Sciurus vulgaris, Muscardinus avellanarius, Ondatra zibethicus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Myocastor coypus, Mustela nivalis, M. putorius, Neovison vison, Canis aureus, Procyon lotor, and Alces alces.
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Fauteux, Dominique, Gilles Lupien, François Fabianek, Jonathan Gagnon, Marion Séguy, and Louis Imbeau. "An illustrated key to the mandibles of small mammals of eastern Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 128, no. 1 (March 23, 2014): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v128i1.1546.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Skulls are often used to identify small mammals, and most identification keys to small mammals have been developed on the assumption that whole skulls will be available. However, the skulls of small mammals are seldom found intact in predator pellets or nests, and the bones of several individuals are often scattered and mixed, making counting impossible without the use of a specific cranial part. In addition, only a few keys include all the species found in the eastern provinces of Canada.Mandibles readily resist degradation by the gastric acids of both avian and mammalian predators and are often found intact in food caches of mustelids and in bat hibernacula. We therefore designed an illustrated dichotomous key to small mammals (mean mass <5 kg) of eastern Canada based on diagnostic mandible characters (including the teeth and one dentary bone). We identified and confirmed diagnostic characters to distinguish 55 species from the orders Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Soricomorpha, Carnivora, and Chiroptera. These diagnostic characters are based on a review of the literature and were confirmed by measurements performed on both museum and trapped specimens. In order to facilitate identification, photographic illustrations are provided for each couplet of the key.The ability to identify small mammals using their mandibles will reduce the number of skull components needed and has proven to be a useful tool in the study of the diet of predators. This key may also be helpful in identifying bats in the genera Myotis, Perimyotis, and Eptesicus, which are presently affected by the spread of white-nose syndrome (caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans) throughout the eastern part of Canada.
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Li, Zhong Guo, and Justin S. Richter. "Problem and Countermeasure on Promoting the Plastic Bag Ban of USA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (June 2015): 787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.787.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plastic bag pollution is a growing global environmental concern. Several countries have recently approved bans on the use and distribution of plastic bags. In the USA, 22 of the 50 states have adopted multiple city/county ordinances. Most of these bans are introduced in coastal cities/counties. The local drivers, i.e. economy, geography, benefit, life-style, cost of living, and educational attainment, all impact the level and commitment to plastic bag bans. Currently, battles between support and opposition to these bans are typically financially driven; jobs and environmental health being main impact categories. This paper identifies several problems affecting the complete adoption of plastic bag bans in the USA, and gives some corresponding strategies to enhance the effectiveness and success of policy implementation.
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Hernández-Ruiz, Ana Caren, Javier Alejandro Martínez-Nieto, and Julio David Buldain-Pérez. "Steel Bar Counting from Images with Machine Learning." Electronics 10, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Counting has become a fundamental task for data processing in areas such as microbiology, medicine, agriculture and astrophysics. The proposed SA-CNN-DC (Scale Adaptive—Convolutional Neural Network—Distance Clustering) methodology in this paper is designed for automated counting of steel bars from images. Its design consists of two Machine Learning techniques: Neural Networks and Clustering. The system has been trained to count round and squared steel bars, obtaining an average detection accuracy of 98.81% and 98.57%, respectively. In the steel industry, counting steel bars is a time consuming task which highly relies on human labour and is prone to errors. Reduction of counting time and resources, safety and productivity of employees and high confidence of the inventory are some of the advantages of the proposed methodology in a steel warehouse.
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Prasad, M. K., N. J. Snyderman, and J. M. Verbeke. "Analytical error bars and RSD for neutron multiplicity counting." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 903 (September 2018): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.06.010.
Повний текст джерела
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Smith, Lisa M., Jeffery A. Gore, Elizabeth C. Braun de Torrez, Elysia Webb, Frank Ridgley, and Brett Tornwall. "High Incidence of Hypopigmented Marks in the Endangered Florida Bonneted Bat." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 10, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/112018-jfwm-110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Aberrant patches of white skin or fur known as hypopigmented marks have been observed in many mammal species worldwide, but they are typically limited to only a few individuals in a population. Hypopigmented marks were documented in only two museum specimens of the federally endangered Florida bonneted bat (Eumops floridanus) as early as 1950, but recent observations suggest that these marks may be more common in this species than previously believed. To better understand the occurrence and persistence of hypopigmented marks in Florida bonneted bats, we evaluated the variation in frequency, compared effects on survival, and assessed spatial and temporal differences of specimens at an intensively studied site and across the species range. From 2014 through 2017, we regularly captured Florida bonneted bats for demographic studies at Babcock–Webb Wildlife Management Area in Charlotte County and we observed hypopigmented marks on 172 (80.8%) of 213 individuals, the highest incidence known for bats. The proportion of hypopigmented marks did not differ with sex, age at first capture, or reproductive status, and importantly, we documented the persistence of hypopigmented marks in individuals over multiple months. We also found no difference in survival or capture probability between hypopigmented and solid-colored individuals. Using data from concurrent mist-net studies, we assessed the proportion of Florida bonneted bats with hypopigmented marks across the species range and found a higher proportion of individuals with hypopigmented marks in the two northern counties (80.8% in Charlotte County and 61.5% in Polk County) compared with the two southern counties (21.1% in Miami–Dade County and 16.7% in Collier County). Additionally, we compared the proportion of hypopigmented individuals in Miami–Dade County between recently captured/collected bats (post-2004) and historically (pre-1965) collected museum specimens and found more hypopigmented marks in recently captured bats. The persistence of hypopigmented marks over time, the presence of marks on bats from different locations, and our finding of no effect of age on the presence of marks all strongly suggest that the hypopigmented marks in Florida bonneted bats are the result of genetic rather than environmental factors. Further study is required to understand the mechanism underlying the high incidence of hypopigmented marks and to determine whether the prevalence of hypopigmented marks indicates low genetic diversity that could threaten Florida bonneted bats.
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Liu, Huajie, Dadong Wang, Ke Xu, Peng Zhou, and Dongdong Zhou. "Lightweight convolutional neural network for counting densely piled steel bars." Automation in Construction 146 (February 2023): 104692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104692.
Повний текст джерела
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Sathian, K., Tony J. Simon, Scott Peterson, Gargi A. Patel, John M. Hoffman, and Scott T. Grafton. "Neural Evidence Linking Visual Object Enumeration and Attention." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 11, no. 1 (January 1999): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892999563238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Visual object enumeration is rapid and accurate for four or fewer items but slow and error-prone for over four items. This dichotomy has recently been linked to visual attentional phenomena by findings suggesting that “subitizing” of small sets of objects is preattentive whereas “counting” of over four items demands spatial shifts of attention. We evaluated this link at a neural level, using H215O positron emission tomography to measure changes in regional cerebral blood flow while subjects enumerated the number of target vertical bars that “popped out”of a 16-bar visual display consisting of both horizontal and vertical bars. Relative to a condition with a single target, subitizing (one to four targets) activated foci in the occipital extras-triate cortex, consistent with involvement of early, preattentive visual processes. Relative to subitizing, counting (five to eight targets) activated a widespread network of brain regions, including multiple foci implicated in shifting visual attention— large regions of the superior parietal cortex bilaterally and a focus in the right inferior frontal cortex. These results offer the first direct neural support for mapping the subitizing-counting dichotomy onto separable processes mediating preattentive vision and shifts of visual attention.
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Wang, Bairong, Yuhua Zhao, and Yong Li. "How Do Tougher Plastics Ban Policies Modify People’s Usage of Plastic Bags? A Case Study in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 10718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010718.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study analyzes people’s bag usage before and after the introduction of the tougher 2021 plastics ban policies by counting the number of charged carrier bags, inner bags, old plastic bags, and reusable bags used by consumers at the exits of the investigated supermarkets in Shanghai, China. The results indicate positive effects of the tougher 2021 measures by observing significantly decreased usage of charged carrier bags by 46%, and significantly increased usage of old plastic bags and reusable bags by 117% and 36%, respectively. Policy execution loopholes are found in some supermarkets which do not follow the tougher plastics ban measures. Fortunately, the spill-over effects from tougher-measure-executing supermarkets fix this issue to some extent. Additionally, the tougher 2021 measures fail to be the most powerful impacting factor on people’s usage of each type of bag. To produce better plastics reducing results, other bag-targeted measures are necessary.
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Hong, Suk-Ju, Il Nam, Sang-Yeon Kim, Eungchan Kim, Chang-Hyup Lee, Sebeom Ahn, Il-Kwon Park, and Ghiseok Kim. "Automatic Pest Counting from Pheromone Trap Images Using Deep Learning Object Detectors for Matsucoccus thunbergianae Monitoring." Insects 12, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12040342.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The black pine bast scale, M. thunbergianae, is a major insect pest of black pine and causes serious environmental and economic losses in forests. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the occurrence and population of M. thunbergianae, and a monitoring method using a pheromone trap is commonly employed. Because the counting of insects performed by humans in these pheromone traps is labor intensive and time consuming, this study proposes automated deep learning counting algorithms using pheromone trap images. The pheromone traps collected in the field were photographed in the laboratory, and the images were used for training, validation, and testing of the detection models. In addition, the image cropping method was applied for the successful detection of small objects in the image, considering the small size of M. thunbergianae in trap images. The detection and counting performance were evaluated and compared for a total of 16 models under eight model conditions and two cropping conditions, and a counting accuracy of 95% or more was shown in most models. This result shows that the artificial intelligence-based pest counting method proposed in this study is suitable for constant and accurate monitoring of insect pests.
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Hooper, Sarah, and Sybill Amelon. "Contact-independent exposure to Rhodococcus rhodochrous DAP96253 volatiles does not improve the survival rate of Myotis lucifugus (little brown bats) affected by White-nose Syndrome." PeerJ 11 (October 18, 2023): e15782. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15782.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the emergence of White-nose Syndrome, a fungal disease in bats, caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans, hibernating populations of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) have declined by 70–90% within P. destructans positive hibernacula. To reduce the impact of White-nose Syndrome to North American little brown bat populations we evaluated if exposure to volatile organic compounds produced by induced cells from Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain DAP96253 could improve the overwinter survival of bats infected by P. destructans. Two simultaneous field treatment trials were conducted at natural hibernacula located in Rockcastle and Breckinridge counties, Kentucky, USA. A combined total of 120 little brown bats were randomly divided into control groups (n = 60) which were not exposed to volatile organic compounds and treatment groups (n = 60) which were exposed to volatile organic compounds produced by non-growth, fermented cell paste composed of R. rhodochrous strain DAP96253 cells. Cox proportional hazard models revealed a significant decreased survival at the Rockcastle field trial site but not the Breckinridge field site. At the Breckinridge hibernacula, overwinter survival for both treatment and control groups were 60%. At the Rockcastle hibernacula, Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated significantly increased overwinter survival of bats in the control group (43% survived) compared to the treatment group (20% survived). Although complete inhibition of P. destructans by volatile organic compounds produced by induced R. rhodochrous strain DAP96253 cells was observed in vitro studies, our results suggest that these volatile organic compounds do not inhibit P. destructans in situ and may promote P. destructans growth.
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ESCOBAR, L. E., O. RESTIF, V. YUNG, M. FAVI, D. J. PONS, and G. MEDINA-VOGEL. "Spatial and temporal trends of bat-borne rabies in Chile." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 7 (August 28, 2014): 1486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881400226x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYIn Chile, while dog rabies has decreased markedly over the last 30 years, bat rabies is still reported frequently. In order to shed new light on the spatiotemporal trends of these reports, we analysed active and passive data from years 1985 and 2012, which included 61 076 samples from 289 counties of Chile. We found that from 1994 to 2012, more than 15 000 bat samples were submitted for diagnostics through passive surveillance, 9·5% of which tested positive for rabies. By contrast, the prevalence of infection was only ~0·4% among the nearly 12 000 bat samples submitted through active surveillance. We found that the prevalence of dog rabies dropped steadily over the same period, with just a single confirmed case since 1998. None of the 928 samples from wild animals, other than bats, were positive for rabies. Although there has been only one confirmed case of human rabies in Chile since 1985, and a single confirmed case in a dog since 1998, bats remain a reservoir for rabies viruses. While active surveillance indicates that rabies prevalence is low in bat colonies, the high proportion of positive bats submitted through passive surveillance is a concern. To prevent human rabies, local public health agencies should increase research on the basic ecology of bats and the role of stray dogs and cats as potential rabies amplifiers.
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Fitri, Ayu, Tarpan Suparman, ,. Andes Safarandes Asmara, and Muhammad Jelang Fajar. "Berkreasi Bersama Pembuatan Media Kantong Berhitung Berbasis Teori Bruner Bagi Guru Sekolah Dasar." Badranaya: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 01 (June 1, 2024): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31980/badranaya.v2i01.742.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Improvements in information technology have created several innovative digital learning media. However, teachers often face obstacles in creating or using this media due to limited technological knowledge or inadequate facilities. As an alternative, using number-counting bags with straws might be an easier solution for teachers to practice and use in the learning process. The activity "Creating Together in Making Counting Bag Media Based on Bruner's Theory for Elementary School Teachers" aims to improve the ability of elementary school teachers to produce effective mathematics learning media. This activity involved 17 teachers from the Tunas Dharma Private Elementary School. The training process is carried out through the stages of preparation, delivery of material, creation of learning media, media presentation, and evaluation. From this training activity, it can be seen that the skills of teachers, student enthusiasm for learning, and the quality of mathematics learning in elementary schools have increased through the use of creative and effective number-counting bag media.
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Appel, A. G. "Control of Household Ants, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.353a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Field tests were conducted in ant infested apartments to determine the efficacy of Combat ant bait in plastic bait stations. Bait station placement was dependent upon species specific foraging behavior. For species exhibiting strong to moderate trail following (Argentine, odorous house, thief, and acrobat ants), two bait stations were placed within 5 cm of the trail, approximately 0.5 m apart. The red imported fire ant showed no trail-following in apartments. Two baits were placed 0.5 m apart in areas with ant densities of ≥5 ants per 5 cm2. Bait efficacy was evaluated by determining the reduction in foraging activity 3 d after baiting and by determining if the colony was dead or alive. Foraging activity was determined during daylight hours by counting the number of ants crossing a line drawn across the foraging trail in 5 min, or by counting the total number of ants in a 30 by 30 cm area. Reduction in foraging activity was calculated as the % change in activity. Colonies were located and flagged prior to treatment. There were 10 replicate colonies of each ant species. Baits were examined for evidence of feeding 3 d after treatment.
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Campbell, John B., and David J. Boxler. "Efficacy of Yt-609 Ear Tags on Pyrethroid-Resistant Horn Flies, Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory, Whitman, Nebraska, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.359a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract YT-609 ear tags were compared with Tomahawk and Terminator ear tags and 1% Co-Ral free-choice dust bags. One-hundred yearling steers were each tagged with one YT-609 tag 19 May. Tomahawk and Terminator ear tags were applied to 59 and 44 cow/calf pairs (one tag/cow), respectively on 2 Jun. A group of 200 cow/calf pairs were provided 1% Co-Ral free-choice dust bags and 45 cow/calf pairs remained untreated. The 2 groups were sent to pasture on 2 Jun. Fly numbers were recorded weekly by counting both sides of a cow, with a minimum of 15 cows/group counted/observation.
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Sena, Anderson J. C., Rodrigo M. S. de Oliveira, and Júlio A. S. do Nascimento. "Frequency Resolved Partial Discharges Based on Spectral Pulse Counting." Energies 14, no. 21 (October 20, 2021): 6864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14216864.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A partial discharge (PD) classification methodology based counting PD pulses in the spectral domain is proposed and presented in this paper. The spectral counting data are processed using the proposed PD Spectral Pulse Counting Mapping technique (PD-SPCM), which leads to a Frequency-Resolved Partial Discharges (FRPD) map. The proposed map is then used for PD detection and classification. In this work, corona and slot FRPDs are presented in frequency bands up to 500 MHz, obtained from laboratory measurements performed using two hydro-generator stator bars. The electromagnetic signals from the PDs were captured using a patch antenna designed for this purpose and a spectral analyzer. The corona and slot PDs were chosen because one can be mistakenly classified as the other because they may present similar Phase Resolved PD (PRPD) maps and may occupy shared spectral bands. Furthermore, corona and slot PDs can occur concurrently. The obtained results show that the corona and slot PDs can be properly identified using the developed methodology, even when they occur simultaneously. This is possible because, as it is experimentally demonstrated, corona and slot PDs have appreciable levels of spectral pulse counting in particular bands of the frequency spectrum.
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Long, C. N., S. A. McFarlane, A. Del Genio, P. Minnis, T. P. Ackerman, J. Mather, J. Comstock, G. G. Mace, M. Jensen, and C. Jakob. "ARM Research In The Equatorial Western Pacific: A Decade And Counting." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 94, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 695–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00137.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The tropical western Pacific (TWP) is an important climatic region. Strong solar heating, warm sea surface temperatures, and the annual progression of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) across this region generate abundant convective systems, which through their effects on the heat and water budgets have a profound impact on global climate and precipitation. In order to accurately evaluate tropical cloud systems in models, measurements of tropical clouds, the environment in which they reside, and their impact on the radiation and water budgets are needed. Because of the remote location, ground-based datasets of cloud, atmosphere, and radiation properties from the TWP region have come primarily from shortterm field experiments. While providing extremely useful information on physical processes, these short-term datasets are limited in statistical and climatological information. To provide longterm measurements of the surface radiation budget in the tropics and the atmospheric properties that affect it, the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program established a measurement site on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, in 1996 and on the island republic of Nauru in late 1998. These sites provide unique datasets now available for more than 10 years on Manus and Nauru. This article presents examples of the scientific use of these datasets including characterization of cloud properties, analysis of cloud radiative forcing, model studies of tropical clouds and processes, and validation of satellite algorithms. New instrumentation recently installed at the Manus site will provide expanded opportunities for tropical atmospheric science.
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Legeron, Rachel, Guillaume Bougueon, Aude Berroneau, Sybille De-Germay, Jean-Marc Bernadou, Sarah Djabarouti, Sylvie Crauste-Manciet, and Fabien Xuereb. "Long-term physicochemical stability of acyclovir 5 mg/mL solution stored in polypropylene bags as a simulated hospital stock preparation." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 78, no. 9 (February 25, 2021): 806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Purpose To investigate the long-term chemical and physical stability of 5-mg/mL acyclovir solution in polypropylene bags stored at 5°C ± 3°C for 2 months in order to determine the feasibility of batch production by a centralized intravenous additive service. Methods Eight empty 100-mL polypropylene bags (bags A) and 8 empty 250-mL bags (bags B) were respectively filled with 60 mL and 200 mL of 5-mg/mL acyclovir and 0.9% sodium chloride injection (NaCl) under aseptic conditions through a semiautomated manufacturing process and vacuum packed before storage at 5°C ± 3°C. Four bags A and 4 bags B were tested for chemical stability via a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method immediately after preparation (time 0) and after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 63 days. Samples for microbiological assay were collected on days 0 and 63 from 4 bags A and 4 bags B immediately after breaking the vacuum. Osmolality, pH, and physical stability were assessed by visual examination, Subvisible particle counting was performed on 6 additional bags (3 each of bags A and B). Results Mean percentage loss of acyclovir relative to the mean experimental concentration at time 0 was below 5% over the 63-day study period.. No significant differences of pH, no change in color and no precipitate were observed during the study. Subvisible particle counts were compliant with European Pharmacopoeia requirements. Acyclovir solutions remained sterile over the 63 days of the study. Conclusion Extemporaneously prepared acyclovir 5 mg/mL solutions in 0.9% NaCl stored in polypropylene bags were chemically and physically stable over 63 days when stored at 5°C ± 3°C.
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Holler, Jr, Cato, Jonathan Mays, and Matthew Niemiller. "The fauna of caves and other subter-ranean habitats of North Carolina, USA." Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 82, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 221–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4311/2019lsc0133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over 1,500 caves have been documented in North Carolina, however, cave fauna in the Blue Ridge Mountains and Piedmont regions of North Carolina have been overlooked historically compared to the cave-rich karst terrains in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge and Interior Low Plateau to the west. Here, we provide the first comprehensive faunal list of caves and other subterranean habitats in the state based on over 40 years of periodic surveys and compilation of literature, biodiversity databases, and museum records. We report 475 occurrences from 127 caves, springs, and wells in 29 counties, representing 5 phyla, 17 classes, 43 orders, 90 families, 124 genera, and at least 164 species. Vertebrate fauna comprised 32 species, including 4 fishes, 9 salamanders, 1 lizard, 4 snakes, 2 birds, and 12 mammals (8 bats). Diverse invertebrate groups included spiders (11 families and 18 genera), springtails (7 families and 9 genera), segmented worms (3 families and 8 genera), and snails (6 families and 9 genera). At least 25 taxa are troglobites/stygobites (cave obligates), including 5 species of cave flatworms, 5 cave springtails, and 5 cave amphipods. Most troglobitic/stygobitic fauna documented in this study are endemic to North Carolina. Counties with the greatest cave biodiversity include Rutherford, McDowell, Swain, Henderson, Polk, and Avery counties. Over 20 species documented are of conservation concern, including 14 troglobites and 3 federally-listed bats. Although not as diverse as adjacent states, caves and other subterranean habitats in North Carolina support a diverse community of invertebrates and vertebrates. Our review serves as a base line for future cave biological surveys in the state and highlights the importance of subterranean habitats for North Carolina biodiversity.
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Fatmawati, Mira, Ani Setianingrum, Ajeng Erika Prihastuti Haskito, and Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti. "Prevalence and Predisposing factors of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows in Bakir, Sukomulyo Village, Batu Regency." Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.vetbioclinj.2019.001.02.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Udder inflammation in dairy cows known as mastitis is still a major problem in dairy industry. Economic loss caused by mastitis burden on farmers due to decrease on milk yield and decrease on the milk quality. Most of traditional farmers recognize clinical mastitis as the symptoms was obvious, while subclinical mastitis were not easy to detect and can be potential source of infection for the herd. Detection on subclinical mastitis were using indirect test california mastitis test (CMT) and direct test with Somatic Cell Count (SCC). This research was a cross sectional study using udder quarters milk sample from traditional dairy farms in Bakir, Sukomulyo village, Batu regency. Field test conduct uding CMT and SCC counting in laboratorium. Data collection using Questionnaire were conduct to asses predisposing variables on farmers. Result shows prevalence of subclinical mastitis based on SCC was 60,22% and based on CMT 18,20% of quarter sampels. Predisposing factors that have effect on mastitis were the sanitation of the cow and the farm before and after the milking process.
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Ismail, S. S. "A New Automated Sample Transfer System for Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis." Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/389374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A fully automated and fast pneumatic transport system for short-time activation analysis was recently developed. It is suitable for small nuclear research reactors or laboratories that are using neutron generators and other neutron sources. It is equipped with a programmable logic controller, software package, and 12 devices to facilitate optimal analytical procedures. 550 ms were only necessary to transfer the irradiated capsule (diameter: 15 mm, length: 50 mm, weight: 4 gram) to the counting chamber at a distance of 20 meters using pressurized air (4 bars) as a transport gas.
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He, Peng, Kang Ling Fang, and Xin Hai Liu. "Improved Watershed Algorithm Based on Morphology and Distance Transform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 1071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.1071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper we proposed an improved watershed algorithm for the quasi-circle overlapping images of the bars end face. According to the classical watershed algorithm, which often causes over-segmentation, the improved algorithm does a series of pretreatment with the original image, such as sobel filter. With the gradient operator and mathematical morphology method, we firstly obtain the smooth image of the forced local maximum marks. Then, on the basis of the quasi-circle characteristic of the target image, we proceed to maximize the erosion with circular structure in order to prevent under-segmentation. Finally, we use the watershed algorithm to segment the gray image based on distance transform. So we can separate the target from each other to achieve the accurate counting purpose. By using the proposed algorithm in the article, we obtain satisfactory segmentation results of the quasi-circle overlapping image of the bars end face image.
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Adams, Jared, and Eric M. Freden. "Growth in Baumslag–Solitar groups II: The Bass–Serre tree." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 30, no. 02 (January 14, 2020): 339–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196720500022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Denote the Baumslag–Solitar family of groups as [Formula: see text]). When [Formula: see text] we study the Bass–Serre tree [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] as a geometric object. We suggest that the irregularity of [Formula: see text] is the principal obstruction for computing the growth series for the group. In the particular case [Formula: see text] we exhibit a set [Formula: see text] of normal form words having minimal length for [Formula: see text] and use it to derive various counting algorithms. The language [Formula: see text] is context-sensitive but not context-free. The tree [Formula: see text] has a self-similar structure and contains infinitely many cone types. All cones have the same asymptotic growth rate as [Formula: see text] itself. We derive bounds for this growth rate, the lower bound also being a bound on the growth rate of [Formula: see text].
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Conner, Ramona. "Brooms/dust mops; damp dusting; counting endo bags; scrub person sitting; sterile storage; navel prep." AORN Journal 75, no. 4 (April 2002): 861–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(06)61647-5.
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Unger, Shem. "Living on the edge: nature preserves as an oasis for birds, bats, and other mammals in the urban desert and concrete jungle." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 9, no. 2 (March 18, 2024): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2024.v09.i02.004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increasing urbanization threatens a variety of vital vertebrate habitats, including those of birds, and both terrestrial and aerial mammals. Nature preserves near urban centers at the rural/urban interface may harbor natural areas which can help to offset loss of habitat as cities expand. Therefore, techniques which allow managers to conduct short term surveys for vertebrates are needed. I conducted non-invasive, passive camera trapping and acoustic surveys in the vicinity of the urban area of Charlotte, North Carolina across 8 sites within Mecklenburg, Cabarrus, and Union counties during summer to fall 2023 to collect data on avian and mammalian communities. Five species of bats were documented, alongside 39 birds, and 11 terrestrial mammals. Bat activity decreased consistently along the sample period whereas terrestrial mammals were consistently sampled during the same time frame, with early summer providing effective data on avian presence. Automated identification software followed by manually vetting for bats and birds was effective in documenting diversity alongside camera trapping. The results presented here provide baseline data for future monitoring to inform urban planning management strategies and future studies on the potential presence of avian and mammalian presence in nature preserves.
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Maina, J. N. "What it takes to fly: the structural and functional respiratory refinements in birds and bats." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 20 (October 15, 2000): 3045–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.20.3045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In absolute terms, flight is a highly energetically expensive form of locomotion. However, with respect to its cost per unit distance covered, powered flight is a very efficient mode of transport. Birds and bats are the only extant vertebrate taxa that have achieved flight. Phylogenetically different, they independently accomplished this elite mode of locomotion by employing diverse adaptive schemes and strategies. Integration of functional and structural parameters, a transaction that resulted in certain trade-offs and compromises, was used to overcome exacting constraints. Unique morphological, physiological and biochemical properties were initiated and refined to enhance the uptake, transfer and utilization of oxygen for high aerobic capacities. In bats, exquisite pulmonary structural parameters were combined with optimal haematological ones: a thin blood-gas barrier, a large pulmonary capillary blood volume and a remarkably extensive alveolar surface area in certain species developed in a remarkably large lung. These factors were augmented by, for example, exceptionally high venous haematocrits and haemoglobin concentrations. In birds, a particularly large respiratory surface area and a remarkably thin blood-gas (tissue) barrier developed in a small, rigid lung; a highly efficient cross-current system was fabricated within the parabronchi. The development of flight in only four animal taxa (among all the animal groups that have ever evolved; i.e. insects, the now-extinct pterosaurs, birds and bats) provides evidence for the enormous biophysical and energetic constraints that have stymied volancy. Bats improved a fundamentally mammalian lung to procure the large amounts of oxygen needed for flight. The lung/air sac system of birds is not therefore a prescriptive morphology for flight: the essence of its design can be found in the evolution of the reptilian lung, the immediate progenitor stock from which birds arose. The attainment of flight is a classic paradigm of the remarkable adaptability inherent in organismal and organic biology for countering selective pressures by initiating elegant morphologies and physiologies.
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Andrews, A. H., J. R. Ashford, C. M. Brooks, K. Krusic-Golub, G. Duhamel, M. Belchier, C. C. Lundstrom, and G. M. Cailliet. "Lead - radium dating provides a framework for coordinating age estimation of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) between fishing areas." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 7 (2011): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10225.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) or ‘Chilean sea bass’ support a valuable and controversial fishery, yet their life history is not well understood and longevity estimates range from ~20 to >50 years. In this study, lead–radium dating provided valid ages for juvenile to older adult groups, which were consistent with the counting of otolith growth zones in transverse otolith sections, and longevity estimates exceeding 30 years. Lead–radium dating revealed minor biases between the radiometric age and interpretation of growth zone counting for regional fishing areas monitored by two facilities, Center for Quantitative Fisheries Ecology (CQFE) and the Central Ageing Facility (CAF), using different age estimation techniques. For CQFE, under-ageing of ~3.3 years was observed for individuals with estimated ages under 20 years. For the CAF, ages were overestimated for young fish and underestimated for the oldest fish. Lead–radium dating detected underlying problems in coordinating age estimation between geographically separated fish stocks, and provided a framework to objectively assess otolith interpretation and growth modelling between laboratories based on age-validated data.
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Zhang, Xinman, Jiayu Zhang, Mei Ma, Zhiqi Chen, Shuangling Yue, Tingting He, and Xuebin Xu. "A High Precision Quality Inspection System for Steel Bars Based on Machine Vision." Sensors 18, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 2732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082732.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Steel bars play an important role in modern construction projects and their quality enormously affects the safety of buildings. It is urgent to detect whether steel bars meet the specifications or not. However, the existing manual detection methods are costly, slow and offer poor precision. In order to solve these problems, a high precision quality inspection system for steel bars based on machine vision is developed. We propose two algorithms: the sub-pixel boundary location method (SPBLM) and fast stitch method (FSM). A total of five sensors, including a CMOS, a level sensor, a proximity switch, a voltage sensor, and a current sensor have been used to detect the device conditions and capture image or video. The device could capture abundant and high-definition images and video taken by a uniform and stable smartphone at the construction site. Then data could be processed in real-time on a smartphone. Furthermore, the detection results, including steel bar diameter, spacing, and quantity would be given by a practical APP. The system has a rather high accuracy (as low as 0.04 mm (absolute error) and 0.002% (relative error) of calculating diameter and spacing; zero error in counting numbers of steel bars) when doing inspection tasks, and three parameters can be detected at the same time. None of these features are available in existing systems and the device and method can be widely used to steel bar quality inspection at the construction site.
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Olotu, Moses I., Hannalene du Plessis, Zuberi S. Seguni, Sunday Ekesi, and Nguya K. Maniania. "Efficacy of fish- and hydramethylnon-based baits for conservation of the African weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) during cashew off-seasons in Tanzania." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 35, no. 02 (June 2015): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758415000144.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The efficacy of fish- and hydramethylnon-based baits for conservation of the African weaver ant (AWA)Oecophylla longinodaLatreille was evaluated at orchards in Bagamoyo and Mkuranga districts, Coast region of Tanzania, during the cashew off-seasons in 2011 and 2012. The baits were applied at monthly intervals; the dynamics of AWA were monitored by counting the number of leaf nests/tree and the colonization trails on main branches. The numbers of leaf nests recorded before baiting ranged between 3.5 and 5.3 and were not significantly different at both sites and in both seasons; after baiting, they ranged between 3.2 and 11.6 at Bagamoyo and between 3.0 and 10.2 at Mkuranga. The colonization of AWA trails recorded before baiting was also not significantly different at both sites and in both seasons and ranged between 37.9 and 50.0%; after baiting, this ranged between 35.9 and 75.1% at Bagamoyo and between 34.6 and 79.2% at Mkuranga. The provision of fish- and hydramethylnon-based baits can effectively contribute to the conservation of AWA during the cashew off-seasons. The fish-based bait is cheaper and more easily affordable by local farmers and can, therefore, be used as an alternative diet for AWA at this time.
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Perina, Alessandro, and Nebojsa Jojic. "Capturing Spatial Interdependence in Image Features: The Counting Grid, an Epitomic Representation for Bags of Features." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 37, no. 12 (December 1, 2015): 2374–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2015.2424864.
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Ramadhana, Muhammad, Zakia Zakia, and Dian Febrianti. "Pengaruh Penggunaan Lapis Tipis Beton Aspal pada Lajur Tanjakan Preservasi Jalan (Studi Kasus: Batas Aceh Tengah - Nagan Raya - Lhok Seumot - Jeuram)." Tameh: Journal of Civil Engineering 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37598/tameh.v11i2.234.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aspal sering juga disebut bitumen merupakan campuran bahan pengikat yang dimanfaatkan sebagai preservasi jalan. Pada paket proyek preservasi jalan bts. Aceh Tengah/Nagan Raya – Lhok Seumot – Jeuram (MYC) menggunakan lapis tipis beton aspal sebagai perawatan kerusakan jalan. Lapis tipis beton aspal merupakan campuran aspal panas yang dapat digunakan sebagai lapisan permukaan pada perkerasan jalan yang berfungsi sebagai lapisan preservasi jalan. Permasalahan yang diangkat dan juga menjadi penelitian bagaimana kelayakan lapis tipis beton aspal pada lajur tanjakan. Metode digunakan dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan pengujian job mix asphalt, traffic counting, dan pengamatan secara langsung pekerjaan pengaspalan di lapangan serta data pendukung berupa informasi dari instansi konsultan atau kontraktor. lapis tipis beton aspal tidak dapat dipergunakan di lajur tanjakan dikarenakan jalan beraspal yang mengandung campuran agregat sangat halus. Perbandingan lapis tipis beton aspal dengan AC – BC dengan metode traffic counting menjelaskan bahwa kendaraan – kendaraan yang melintas dijalan yang menggunakan lapis tipis beton aspal pada lajur tanjakan dominan lebih banyak kendaraan yang tidak bisa menanjak dibandingkan kendaraan yang melintas dijalan yang menggunakan aspal AC – BC. Penggunaan lapis tipis beton aspal tidak bisa digunakan untuk lajur tanjakan, tetapi lapis tipis beton aspal sangat dianjurkan untuk penggunaan jalan aspal dalam perkotaan
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Peng, Hong Tao, Qi Zhang, Nai Sheng Li, and De Fa Wang. "Effect of Perma-Zyme on Properties of Tabia Used to Protect Ancient Earthen Ruins." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.327.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Perma-Zyme is an enzymatic stabilizer. To test the feasibility of adding Perma-Zyme to tabia used to protect ancient earthen ruins, the 28d unconfined compression strength, permeability and color-difference were tested to determine the difference between the tabia and tabia treated with Perma-Zyme. The experimental results show that the 28d unconfined compression strengths of specimens treated with Perma-Zyme are higher than those without Perma-Zyme, and the color-difference(DE*) between the tabia and tabia mixed Perma-zyme is larger than 3(suggested color tolerance Chinese standardized GB/T 15608-2006), and the permeability coefficient of tabia mixed Perma-Zyme is smaller than that without Perma-Zyme, i.e., has better impermeability. Box dimension values of SEM images(with different scale bars) of samples were computed by box-counting method. Box dimension values of SEM images of the same sample are different on different scale bars. The analysis shows that SEM microstructure of the tabia sample treated with Perma-Zyme is finer and denser than the one without Perma-Zyme.
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Zhao, Zhike, Xin Wang, and Xiaoguang Zhang. "Fault Diagnosis of Broken Rotor Bars in Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor of Hoister Based on Duffing Oscillator and Multifractal Dimension." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 849670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/849670.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is to propose a novel fault diagnosis method for broken rotor bars in squirrel-cage induction motor of hoister, which is based on duffing oscillator and multifractal dimension. Firstly, based on the analysis of the structure and performance of modified duffing oscillator, the end of transitional slope from chaotic area to large-scale cycle area is selected as the optimal critical threshold of duffing oscillator by bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponent. Secondly, the phase transformation duffing oscillator from chaos to intermittent chaos is sensitive to the signals, whose frequency difference is quite weak from the reference signal. The spectrums of the largest Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation diagrams of the duffing oscillator are utilized to analyze the variance in different parameters of frequency. Finally, this paper is to analyze the characteristics of both single fractal (box-counting dimension) and multifractal and make a comparison between them. Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis is applied to detect extra frequency component of current signal. Experimental results reveal that the method is effective for early detection of broken rotor bars in squirrel-cage induction motor of hoister.
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Schreiner, Ilse. "Insecticide Trials on Cucumber, 1987:." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.123a.
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Abstract Cucumbers were planted 26 Aug. The plants were grown on trellises in rows 5 ft apart. Black plastic mulch was laid on all rows. The design of the experiment was a split-plot. To determine whether A. similis could be controlled with insecticides applied in the soil, granular Diazinon was applied to half the rows; the other half were untreated. The soil type was a Guam clay, a shallow clay soil over limestone. The soil temperature was 29°C. Each row was then split into four foliar insecticide treatments. Foliar insecticides were applied with a Solo backpack sprayer, and approximately 150 gal water was sprayed per acre. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Foliar treatments were applied weekly, beginning 16 Sep. A. similis were counted by walking along the rows and counting all adults visible on the foliage. D. indica numbers were estimated by counting the number of caterpillars per leaf on each of 10 mature leaves/subplot. Thrips and aphids were counted by picking 10 mature leaves per subplot and bringing them in bags to the laboratory where they could be counted under a binocular microscope.
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Shain, W., H. Ancin, H. C. Craighead, M. Isaacson, L. Kam, B. Roysam, D. Szarowski, J. N. Turner, and S. W. Turner. "Automated cell counting of astrocytes on patterned substrates containing aliphatic and charged properties." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 974–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010014124x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neural protheses have potential to restore nervous system functions lost by trauma or disease. Nanofabrication extends this approach to implants for stimulating and recording from single or small groups of neurons in the spinal cord and brain; however, tissue compatibility is a major limitation to their practical application. We are using a cell culture method for quantitatively measuring cell attachment to surfaces designed for nanofabricated neural prostheses.Silicon wafer test surfaces composed of 50-μm bars separated by aliphatic regions were fabricated using methods similar to a procedure described by Kleinfeld et al. Test surfaces contained either a single or double positive charge/residue. Cyanine dyes (diIC18(3)) stained the background and cell membranes (Fig 1); however, identification of individual cells at higher densities was difficult (Fig 2). Nuclear staining with acriflavine allowed discrimination of individual cells and permitted automated counting of nuclei using 3-D data sets from the confocal microscope (Fig 3). For cell attachment assays, LRM5 5 astroglial cells and astrocytes in primary cell culture were plated at increasing cell densities on test substrates, incubated for 24 hr, fixed, stained, mounted on coverslips, and imaged with a 10x objective.
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PS, Nurmalia, Purwanto AP, and Julia Julia. "RESIDU LEUKOSIT DALAM THROMBOCYTE CONCENTRATE." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 19, no. 1 (October 14, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v19i1.394.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Transfusion reactions in the thrombocyte concentrate (TC) manual is often associated with the storage time due to the release of cytokines by leukocytes during storage. The results showed the majority of transfusion reactions include fever/febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR). The quality control of blood components is necessary for the determination a component of blood in the bag already qualified for or not for transfusion. The aims of this study is to determine the residual leukocytes in the TC manual of Blood Donor Unit (UDD) at PMI Semarang with the shelf life of 3−5 days in compliance with the requirements of TC quality criteria of the European Union Council (EU).A Descriptive study is conducted at the Blood Donor Unit (UDD) PMI Semarang. The TC sample consist of 30 bags and manuals from the transfusion bag, which has been stored between 3−5 days. The examination of the residual leukocytes from the TC bag is carried out by manual microscopic method as well as the counting. The results obtained from the O blood group are 13 bags (43%) of TC, the B blood group seven (7) bags (33%), A blood group two bags (7%), and AB five (5) bags (17%). The range of the residual values of white blood cells in the TC manual is from 0 up to 0.0086×109/unit. According to the EU Council of leukocytes in the TC control value is <0.2×109/unit. The results of the residual leukocytes in the TC manual with the shelf life of 3−5 days are in accordance with the quality standards. This results indicates that the residual leukocytes in the TC manual UDD PMI Semarang in accordance with the EU quality standards.
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Davies, Lyndsay, Katie Milligan, Mark Corris, Ian Clarke, Paul Dwyer, Sarah Elizabeth Lee, Jolene Teraoka, Jill Crouse-Zeineddini, and Jane Hippenmeyer. "Extended stability of the trastuzumab biosimilar ABP 980 (KANJINTI™) in polyolefin bags and elastomeric devices." Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5639/gabij.2021.1004.021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Study Objectives: To investigate the quality and in-use stability of the trastuzumab biosimilar ABP 980 (KANJINTI™) in both concentrated multi-dose bags and following dilution and extended storage in intravenous (IV) bags and elastomeric devices, to address the stability requirements of diff erent global pharmacy practices. Methods: The eff ect of extended refrigerated storage plus exposure to in-use temperature conditions on KANJINTI™ (trastuzumab) solutions was assessed using a range of stability-indicating analytical methods, including appearance, pH, SEC, nonreducing CGE, reducing-CGE, CZE, sub-visible particle counting and potency by a cell-based proliferation inhibition assay. Stability of reconstituted 21 mg/mL solution stored in multi-dose bags and diluted samples at 0.3 mg/mL, 0.8 mg/mL and 4 mg/ mL in 0.9% w/v NaCl solutions stored in IV bags and elastomeric devices was determined over diff erent storage durations. Forced degraded samples exposed to room temperature and natural daylight were used to demonstrate the stability-indicating abilities of the methods. Results: No signifi cant changes were observed in the appearance, pH, monomer concentration, purity, charge heterogeneity, sub-visible particle counts or bioactivity, regardless of initial concentration, container or storage duration. Discussion: There was no indication of signifi cant changes to the physicochemical stability or bioactivity of any of the solutions following extended storage when compared to the initial results acquired on the day of preparation. Conclusion: The data presented has demonstrated the physicochemical stability and bioactivity of a range of KANJINTI™ (trastuzumab) solutions when prepared using controlled and validated aseptic processes, stored protected from light for extended periods at 2°C–8°C and subjected to in-use temperatures. The stability demonstrated in multi-dose bags and elastomeric devices provides additional preparation options to address diff erent global pharmacy practices and requirements.
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Sheffer, Barbara J., and Michael L. Williams. "Persimmon, Fall Webworm Control, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.81a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Persimmon trees, Diospyros virginiana L. growing along roadsides and in home landscapes and infested with Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) were selected for treatment. Test materials were applied 19 Aug to active webworm colonies by spraying individual webs and surrounding foilage to runoff with hand-pumped, compressed-air sprayers. Treatments were replicated 3 times with each web constituting a replication. In pretreatment counts of 3 colonies made 19 Aug, mean no. of live larvae was 133. Efficacy of test materials was determined at 3 days posttreatment by pruning the webs from the trees, placing them in plastic bags and holding them under refrigeration. Webs were examined by dismantling and counting number of live caterpillars.
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Cruz, Renato Souza, Nilda de Fátima Ferreira Soares, and Nélio José de Andrade. "Evaluation of oxygen absorber on antimicrobial preservation of lasagna-type fresh pasta under vacuum packed." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 30, no. 6 (December 2006): 1135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542006000600015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O2 absorbent system was evaluated on the inhibition of microorganisms growth in fresh lasagna pasta during storage at 10±2ºC. Fresh lasagna pasta was produced with and without potassium sorbate and acondicionated in high O2 barrier bags containing a O2 - absorber sachet in the head-space. Three treatments were obtained: pasta with potassium sorbate, pasta without potassium sorbate packed with sachet and pasta without potassium sorbate packed without sachet. In all treatments, the pasta were vacuum packed, randomly distributed at temperature of 10±2ºC and microbiologically evaluated for molds and yeast, Staphylococcus spp, total coliforms and Escherichia coli countings. All the treatments were effective in inhibiting the growth of the microorganisms evaluated during 30 storage days. The treatment using O2-absorber in the pasta without preservative, inhibition of 1 and 1.5 logarithmic cycles was observed for the molds and yeasts and Staphylococcus spp, respectively. No differences were observed among treatments for coliforms countings.
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Boxler, D. J., and J. B. Campbell. "Evaluation of Ivomec Pour-On for the Control of Horn Flies in West Central Nebraska, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.363a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Ivomec® pour-on was evaluated in two studies at two different locations in West Central Nebraska. In study No. 1, Ivomec was applied to 72 yearling steers located at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory, Whitman, NE. The steers were weighed and the Ivomec was applied at the recommended rate. A second application was made 28 d later, 7 Jul. A group of 44 cows served as an untreated control. In study No. 2, Ivomec pour-on was compared to 1% Co-Ral dust bags (force-use, to obtain water) for horn fly control. This study was located near North Platte, NE, in native range. Ivomec was first applied to 41 heifers 27 May at the recommended rate and subsequent applications were made about every 28 d until the end of the study. Treatment dates were 27 May, 30 June, and 4 Aug. Eighty heifers utilized the 1% Co-Ral dust bags and a group of 10 cows served as an untreated control. Horn fly counts for both studies were recorded at weekly intervals by counting the total number of horn flies on both sides on an animal.
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Jokic, G., Marina Vuksa, I. Elezovic, Suzana Djedovic, and D. Kataranovski. "Application of grain baits to control common vole Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778) in alfalfa crops, Serbia." Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 2 (2012): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1202629j.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to compare the efficacies of conventional (cholecalciferol and bromadiolone) and new (sodium selenite) rodenticides, applied in the grain bait formulation on the whole-grain of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and triticale (Triticasecale) in alfalfa crops, experiments were conducted at two sites near Belgrade, Serbia, in the spring of 2009, using a standard EPPO method. The presence of rodent populations, their spatial distribution and density indices were evaluated by pretreatment census and rodenticide efficacy by counting active holes, 14 and 28 days after treatment. The average Microtus arvalis numbers of 158/ha and 184/ha were found to cause 7.4% and 9.6% alfalfa green biomass yield decreases, respectively. Twenty-eight days after treatment, the average efficacy of grain bait formulation (on wheat and triticale grains) of sodium selenite and cholecalciferol was 81%, while bromadiolone which had a higher efficiency, 85%, in the control of the common vole in alfalfa crops. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the origin of active substances, bases and associated interactions a.s x based on the efficacy-investigated grain baits did not have a statistically significant impact on the expression efficiency of the tested baits. Triticale grains can be used as carriers of active substances, sodium selenite, cholecalciferol or bromadiolone in preparation baits. Control of M. arvalis with the new rodenticide, sodium selenite, gave efficacy results about equal to that of cholecalciferol and bromadiolone and, therefore, provided a possible alternative rodenticide for vole control in alfalfa.
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Ţălu, Ştefan, Pedro L. Guzzo, Bandar Astinchap, and Hamta Ghanbaripour. "Multifractal analysis of ultrasonically machined surfaces of cylindrical quartz crystals: the effect of the abrasive grits." Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 045051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ac459c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Since synthetic quartz is essential to produce 3D resonators for numerous applications in precision electronics, in this work the surface topography of cylindrical quartz bars is investigated using the multifractal technique. The cylindrical bars were manufactured with ultrasonic machining using five SiC grits ranging from 6 to 50 μm. The machined surfaces were initially characterized by contact profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The multifractality of the machined surfaces was scrutinized using a box-counting method applied to the images obtained with 500X magnification. The multifractal spectrum indicated that the fractal dimension f(α) and the width of the fractal spectrum Δα are dependent on the grit size, but this dependence is not monotonic. The lowest (negative) value for Δf(α) was found for 25 μm grits indicating that for these grits the lower frequency events (grooves with tens μm width occurring along the USM direction) control the surface topography much more than high-frequency events related to brittle microcracking. The abrasive wear due to the continuous slurry recycling in lateral tool-workpiece interfaces contributed to smooth the groove texture as well as the sharpness of microscopic indentations, which remained observed on the surfaces machined with 50 μm grits. The opposite paths observed for the arithmetical mean deviation of the measured profile (Ra) and Δf(α) parameters with the cutting rate measured for each grit size were valuable to differentiate flat-rough and unlevelled-rough topographies in quartz bars.
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Morse, J. G., N. J. Sakovich, and M. P. Parrella. "Evaluation of Baits for Control of Brown Garden Snail in California, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.54a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Various bait formulations of metaldehyde, methiocarb and larvin were tested for control of brown garden snails in an 11-year-old grapefruit grove (NS rows rowspacing 24 x 12 ft) in Buckhorn CA using 4 single-tree replicates per treatment. Trees were devoid of weeds, but some leaf litter had accumulated under each tree. The grove was irrigated on 22 May, 4 Jun, and 11 Jun using low volume sprinklers, 1 located between each tree in a row. Counts of live snails pretreatment and dead snails posttreatment were taken within 1-yard-square counting frames (positions marked by stakes) which were placed half-way under the drip line of each tree on the NE, SE, SW and NW quadrants. Each count was taken of snails of all life stages within the 4 square yard area per tree. On each date, all dead snails were removed from the sample area so that they would not be recounted at a later date. Treatments were applied in a circle at the drip lines of the trees using dime-sized drops for the Deadline 40 (4% metaldehyde) or by sprinkling the dry baits in a narrow band.