Статті в журналах: "BaTiO3 (BT)"

1

El Zayat, Mohamed Yousef Farag. "X-Ray Diffraction and Differential Scanning Calorimetry of BaTiO3/ Polyvinyl Chloride Nanocomposites." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 1, no. 10 (December 30, 2015): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v1i10.2745.

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AbstractAiming to improve the inferior properties of polyvinyl chloride polymer, (BaTiO3)x(PVC)100-x composite samples were prepared and investigated. The structural changes of the composite (BaTiO3)x(PVC)100-x were studied as a function of BT content using FTIR, XRD and DSC measurements. Attention is paid to the tetragonality changes during composition changes.It was found that the hindrance to the PVC crystallization becomes less and less serious with the increase of BT ratio in the composite. This behavior could be attributed to the interaction between Ba+2 ions and Chlorine in the polymer. The FTIR spectra indicate a clear interaction between PVC and BaTiO3 particles as is concluded from XRD results.The Scherrer formula was used to estimate the grain size for the included BT in the (BT)x (PVC)100x composite samples. The composite samples show abnormally small tetragonality for its BT content less than unity (?/a < 1). It seems that in (BaTiO3)x(PVC)100-x composite samples, the stress that stabilized the tetragonal phase of the core regions of BT decreased, leading to lower tetragonality (c/a ratio). It seems that Tg of the composite samples increases with the increase of its BT content. Also DSC results reveal the increase of crystallization with the increase of BT content in the composite.

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2

Uddin, Sarir, Naheed Akhtar, Sumbal Bibi, Abid Zaman, Asad Ali, Khaled Althubeiti, Hussein Alrobei, and Muhammad Mushtaq. "Effect of BaTiO3 on the Properties of PVC-Based Composite Thick Films." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 19, 2021): 5430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185430.

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Flexible PVC/BT (Polyvinyl chloride/Barium Titanate) composite thick films with (0–30%) volume fractions of BaTiO3 were fabricated via the solution casting method. The effects of BaTiO3 filler on the phase, microstructure and dielectric properties of composite films were investigated. The XRD results revealed that BT particles are embedded in the PVC matrix with no chemical reaction taking place between the two phases. It was observed that the glass transition temperature of PVC had increased with the addition of BT. The frequency dispersion in the dielectric constant versus temperature curves indicated the relaxor nature of the composites. The dielectric constant (εr) measured at 40 °C, increased from 7.6 for pure PVC to 16.1 for 30% of BaTiO3 content in PVC polymer matrix. It is suggested that BaTiO3 ceramic powder enhanced the dielectric properties of PVC and may be used as a flexible dielectric material.

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3

Shu, Chang, Daniel Reed, and Tim Button. "Mechanism of Ca-Ba diffusion in lead-free (Ba,Ca)TiO3 piezoelectrics." MRS Proceedings 1782 (2015): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.668.

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AbstractThe reaction mechanism of BaCO3+CaCO3+TiO2 by solid state methods has been studied in this work using thermal analysis (DSC-TG) from 500 to 1500 °C and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) from room temperature to 800 °C. In the mixed powders, the CaO is firstly formed followed by presence of an intermediate Ba2TiO4 phase and finally the formation of CaTiO3, BaTiO3 and/or (Ba,Ca)TiO3, where the presence of CaO or CaTiO3 (CT) has slowed down the formation of BaTiO3 (BT). Raman microscopy of a BT-CT diffusion couple has shown that Ca2+ firstly diffuses into the BT grain boundaries and then into the BT core.

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4

Warangkanagool, Chompoonuch. "Effect of Small Amount BaTiO₃ on Properties of K_0.02Na_0.98NbO₃ Ceramics with Various Sintering Temperature Prepared by Molten Salt Method." Key Engineering Materials 718 (November 2016): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.718.129.

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In the research, the properties of potassium sodium niobate – barium titanate [(1-x)K0.02Na0.98NbO3–(x)BaTiO3: (1-x)KNN–(x)BT] ceramics prepared by molten salt method with various molecular weight of BT or x are 0 and 0.05 were investigated. The calcined powders of pure K0.02Na0.98NbO3 and (0.95) K0.02Na0.98NbO3-(0.05) BaTiO3 were pressed and sintered at 1250 – 1325 °C and 1225 – 1300 °C for 2h, respectively. It was found that, the samples showed phase structure changing from monoclinic to orthorhombic with small amount BaTiO3 addition. The densification of K0.02Na0.98NbO3 ceramics and dielectric properties were improved with the addition of BaTiO3. The (0.95)K0.02Na0.98NbO3–(0.05)BaTiO3 ceramics sintered at 1250 °C showed maximum density and dielectric constant (∼8035), which was even comparable with that of K0.02Na0.98NbO3 ceramics sintered at 1225 – 1300 °C.

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5

Kawashima, Tasuku, Ryosuke S. S. Maki, and Yoshikazu Suzuki. "Preparation and Microstructure of Electrospun BaTiO₃ Fibers." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 62 (November 2015): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.62.5.

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Barium titanate (BaTiO3: BT) is widely used in various shapes depending on specific applications. Recently, 1-D ferroelectric ceramics are eagerly studied to innovate on new applications. Electrospinning is a versatile method to prepare 1-D nanomaterials. Here, we have prepared BaTiO3/poly (vinyl alcohol) (BT/PVA) composite fibers via the electrospinning method. Suspensions of BT/PVA aq. were prepared with weight ratio of BT:PVA:H2O = x:0.1:0.9-x (x = 0.2 and 0.3). Dried electrospun BT/PVA fibers were sintered at 900-1000°C for 2 h in air. Morphological change of the 1-D BT fibers before and after sintering was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Distribution of the fiber diameter before and after sintering was characterized; average diameters of the 1-D BT fibers before and after sintering were 720 nm and 640 nm, respectively.

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6

Kawashima, Tasuku, Ryosuke S. S. Maki, and Yoshikazu Suzuki. "Preparation and Microstructure of Electrospun BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Fibers." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 62 (November 27, 2015): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-r9dwp9.

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Barium titanate (BaTiO3: BT) is widely used in various shapes depending on specific applications. Recently, 1-D ferroelectric ceramics are eagerly studied to innovate on new applications. Electrospinning is a versatile method to prepare 1-D nanomaterials. Here, we have prepared BaTiO3/poly (vinyl alcohol) (BT/PVA) composite fibers via the electrospinning method. Suspensions of BT/PVA aq. were prepared with weight ratio of BT:PVA:H2O = x:0.1:0.9-x (x = 0.2 and 0.3). Dried electrospun BT/PVA fibers were sintered at 900-1000°C for 2 h in air. Morphological change of the 1-D BT fibers before and after sintering was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Distribution of the fiber diameter before and after sintering was characterized; average diameters of the 1-D BT fibers before and after sintering were 720 nm and 640 nm, respectively.

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7

Kita, Tatsuya, Takahiro Takei, Nobuhiro Kumada, Kouichi Nakashima, Ichiro Fujii, Chikako Moriyoshi, Yoshihiro Kuroiwa, and Satoshi Wada. "Preparation and Characterization of Highly-Dispersed and Highly-Crystalline Barium Titanate Nanoparticles." Key Engineering Materials 566 (July 2013): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.566.273.

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Highly dispersed barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) nanoparticles were prepared by the new 2-step thermal decomposition method of barium titanyl oxalate of 30 nm in size. The nanoparticles were heated at 450 °C for 5 hours in air to yield intermediate product: Ba2Ti2O5CO3. Highly dispersed BaTiO3 nanoparticles were prepared by rotationally stirring it at the reduced pressure of 0.2 Pa at various temperatures between 800 °C and 900 °C. The particle size and morphology of the BaTiO3 nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. These measurements showed that the BT nanoparticles were highly dispersed and well-crystallized.

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8

Goto, Takayuki, Kouichi Nakashima, Ichiro Fujii, Yoshihiro Kuroiwa, Yoji Makita, and Satoshi Wada. "Preparation of Barium Titanate/Strontium Titanate Multilayered Nanoparticles." Key Engineering Materials 485 (July 2011): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.485.305.

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Nucleation and particle growth conditions of barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) were investigated for preparation of the BT/strontium titanate (SrTiO3, ST) multilayered nanoparticles. The conditions with and without BT nucleation were clarified. Epitaxial growth of the BT layer on the ST substrate particles was studied using both conditions. The formation of the BT layer on the ST substrate particles was confirmed using the condition with BT nucleation.

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9

Yang, Meng Meng, Zhi Jian Peng, Cheng Biao Wang, and Xiu Li Fu. "Influence of (Bi_0.5M_0.5)TiO₃ (M=Li, Na, K, Rb) Addition on the Curie Temperature and PTC Effect of BaTiO₃-Based Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 697 (July 2016): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.697.239.

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In order to investigate the influence of (Bi0.5M0.5)TiO3 (M=Li, Na, K, Rb) addition on the Curie temperature (Tc) and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect of BaTiO3-based ceramics, BaTiO3-(Bi0.5M0.5)TiO3 (M=Li, Na, K, Rb) solid solutions were prepared by a conventional solid sintering reaction using high-purity reagents. It was found that the Tc of the samples would vary with (Bi0.5M0.5)TiO3 of different alkali ions, in which BT-BKT ceramics had the highest value (about 148 °C). Moreover, the incorporation of alkali ions would influence the PTC effect of the sample, which can be defined by the resistivity jump with the ratio of maximum to minimum resistivity (ρmax/ρmin). Under the present conditions, the ρmax/ρmin of BT-BRT and BT-BLT ceramics were almost equal and higher than those of BT-BNT and BT-BKT ceramics.

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10

PARIJA, B., S. PANIGRAHI, T. BADAPANDA, and T. P. SINHA. "MORPHOTROPIC PHASE BOUNDARY AND DIELECTRIC RELAXATION STUDY OF (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–BaTiO3 LEAD-FREE CERAMIC." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 02, no. 03 (July 2012): 1250008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x12500087.

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We report the temperature and frequency dependence impedance spectroscopy of (1 - x) ( Bi 0.5 Na 0.5) TiO 3-x BaTiO 3 (abbreviated as BNT–BT) ceramics with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.07 prepared by conventional solid-state route. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that a solid solution is formed when BaTiO3 diffuses into the (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 lattice and a morphotropic phase boundary between rhombohedral and tetragonal locates at x = 0.07. The microstructure indicated that the grain size reduces and the shape changes from rectangular to quasi-spherical with increase in BaTiO3 content. Complex Impedance Spectroscopy analysis suggested the presence of temperature-dependent relaxation process in the materials. The modulus mechanism indicated the non-Debye type of conductivity relaxation in the materials, which is supported by impedance data. The activation energies have been calculated from impedance, electric modulus studies and dc conductivity which suggests that the conductions are ionic in nature. The activation energy increases with increase of BT content up to x = 0.05 and decreases at x = 0.07 which also indicates the presence of morphotropic phase boundary at x = 0.07.

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11

Yang, Xiao Jun, Jian Yong Li, and Yong Ping Lei. "The Preparation and Dielectric Properties of BT/PANI/PVDF Composite." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.17.

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Polyaniline (PANI) coated nano-sized BaTiO3 (BT) was blended with PVDF to form BT/PANI/PVDF composite. The incorporation of conductive PANI to the ceramic-polymer systems has significant influence on the dielectric properties of BT/PANI/PVDF composite. The BT/PANI/PVDF composite has higher dielectric constant than the comparable BT/PVDF in the frequency range from 40Hz to 1MHz. The polarization mechanism of the BT/PANI/PVDF composite has been discussed based on the experimental results.

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12

Tsukamoto, Shuhei, Shogo Iwatsuki, Ichiro Fujii, Kouichi Nakashima, and Satoshi Wada. "Preparation of Barium Titanate/Strontium Titanate Nanocube Accumulation Ceramics and their Dielectric Property." Key Engineering Materials 582 (September 2013): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.582.169.

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The barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) epitaxially coated strontium titanate (SrTiO3, ST) (BT/ST) nanocube accumulation ceramics were successfully prepared by a sorbothermal method, with epitaxial interface between ST and BT, and as reference, the BT/BT nanocube accumulation ceramics were also preapred. These dielectric properties were measured for the both accumulation ceramics, and it was clearly obserbed that there was significiant difference between BT/ST and BT/BT nanocube accumulation ceramics in the dielectric properties under low and high electric fields, and the origin of the result was discussed.

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13

Wei, Yin Fang, Chia Hsiung Kao, Cheng Fu Yang, Ho Hua Chung, Hong Hsin Huang, and Yao Sheng Yang. "Influence of Excess Bi₂O₃ on the Characteristics of (Na_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃-BaTiO₃ Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.65.

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In this study, piezoelectric materials 0.95 (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.05 BaTiO3 (NBT-BT) composition with excess x wt% Bi2O3 (x=0, 1, 2, and 3) are investigated as a function of sintering temperatures. The sintering characteristics and dielectric characteristics of excess Bi2O3-doped 0.95 (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3- 0.05 BaTiO3 ceramics are developed with the aid of SEM, XRD patterns, and dielectric-temperature curves. The sintering process is carried out in air for 2h from 1120oC to 1200oC. Dielectric-temperature properties are investigated in the temperature range of 30oC~350oC at the frequencies of 10KHz~1MHz. The maximum dielectric constants of NBT-BT ceramics first increase with the increase of Bi2O3 content, reach the maximum at 1wt%- Bi2O3-added NBT-BT ceramics, and then decrease with the further increase of Bi2O3 content. The maximum dielectric constants of NBT-BT ceramics are almost unchanged as the measured frequency increases. The Curie temperatures of NBT-BT ceramics are also developed.

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14

Iwatsuki, Shogo, Takayuki Goto, Masatoshi Kera, Kouichi Nakashima, Ichiro Fujii, and Satoshi Wada. "Preparation of Barium Titanate-Coated Strontium Titanate Accumulation Ceramics by Solvothermal Synthesis and their Dielectric Property." Key Engineering Materials 566 (July 2013): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.566.289.

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Solvothermally synthesized strontium titanate (SrTiO3, ST) or barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) nanocubes were accumulated and the dielectric properties were studied. Initially, the BT or ST nanocubes were pressed into pellets. BT was deposited on the pellets by a solvothermal method. P-E hysteresis loops and S-E curves of BT-coated ST accumulation ceramics (BT on ST) showed ferroelectric responses. The dielectric constant of the accumulation ceramics was measured to be 70.6.

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15

NAGASAKA, MASAOMI, DAI IWASAKI, NAONORI SAKAMOTO, NAOKI WAKIYA, and HISAO SUZUKI. "BaTiO3 THIN FILM BY CSD FROM MOLECULAR-DESIGNED PRECURSOR SOLUTION." Functional Materials Letters 05, no. 02 (June 2012): 1260007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604712600077.

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BaTiO3 (BT) thin films were deposited by the cost effective method of a chemical solution deposition (CSD). 0.3 M BT precursor solution was prepared by the partial hydrolysis method. Partially hydrolyzed Ti -alkoxide and Ba precursor solution was reacted to prepare the highly polymerized BT precursor solution. BT precursor solution was spin-coated on a Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate with (100)-oriented LaNiO 3 (LNO) thin film electrode. In addition, effect of the pre-annealing at 600°C in O2 atmosphere was elucidated by measuring the electrical properties of the resulting BT thin films deposited by the different annealing process. As a result, molecular-design of the BT precursor and a LNO thin film electrode were effective to enhance the electrical properties of the resultant BT thin films, as well as 600°C pre-annealing.

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16

Iwatsuki, Shogo, Takayuki Goto, Masatoshi Kera, Kouichi Nakashima, Ichiro Fujii, Minoru Ryu, Toshimasa Suzuki, and Satoshi Wada. "Preparation of Strontium Titanate-Coated Barium Titanate Accumulation Ceramics by Solvothermal Synthesis and their Dielectric Property." Key Engineering Materials 566 (July 2013): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.566.293.

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The strontium titanate (SrTiO3, ST) -coated barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) complex nanoparticles was prepared. Using this condition, ST-coated BT (ST/BT) and ST-coated ST (ST/ST) nanocube accumulation ceramics were successfully prepared with epitaxial interface between ST and BT. Dielectric properties were measured for the both accumulation ceramics, but there was no difference of the dielectric properties between both ceramics, and the origin of the result was discussed.

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17

Kim, Hoejin, Bethany R. Wilburn, Edison Castro, Carlos A. Garcia Rosales, Luis A. Chavez, Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, and Yirong Lin. "Multifunctional SENSING using 3D printed CNTs/BaTiO3/PVDF nanocomposites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 1319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318800796.

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This research studied multifunctional sensing capabilities on nanocomposites composed of poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF), BaTiO3 (BT), and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fabricated by fused-deposition modeling 3D printing. To improve the dielectric property within BT/PVDF composites, CNTs have been utilized to promote ultrahigh polarization density and local micro-capacitor among BT and polymer matrix. The 3D printing process provides homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles, alleviating agglomeration of nanoparticles, and reducing micro-crack/voids in matrix which can enhance their dielectric property. In this research, we demonstrated that by utilizing unique advantages of this material combination and a 3D printing technique, sensing capabilities for temperature and strain can be engineered with different content variations of included BT and CNTs. It is observed that the sensing capability for temperature change with respect to a 25–150℃ range can be improved as both BT and CNTs’ inclusions increase and is maximal with 1.7 wt.% CNTs/60 wt.% BT/PVDF nanocomposites, while the sensing capability for strain change in a 0–20% range is maximal with 1 wt.% CNTs/12 wt.% BT/PVDF nanocomposites. In addition, it is found that the best combination for mechanical toughness is 1 wt.% CNTs/12 wt.% BT/PVDF with 24.2 MPa and 579% in ultimate tensile strength and failure strain, respectively. These results show the technique to 3D print multifunctional nanocomposites with temperature and strain sensing capabilities as well as increased mechanical property. Furthermore, this research demonstrated the feasibility for large-scale multifunctional sensor device manufacturing with freedom of design, low-cost, and an accelerated process.

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18

Zazoum, Bouchaib, and Abdel Bachri. "Deep Neural Network for Dielectric Properties Prediction of PVDF/BaTiO₃ Nanocomposites for Flexible Capacitors." Materials Science Forum 1023 (March 2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1023.37.

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In this work, PVDF/BaTiO3 nanocomposites consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as matrix and BaTiO3 (BT) as fillers were prepared by ball milling and hot-pressing process. It is known that nanofillers content and frequency affect the effective dielectric permittivity of the nanocomposites materials. Therefore, a developed model based on deep neural network (DNN) was used to study the effect of the input parameters on the dielectric permittivity of the nanocomposites. The volume fraction (vol%) of BT and frequency of alternating current (AC) were selected as the input parameters and the effective dielectric permittivity as the output response. The results show that the developed DNN model was able to predict the effective dielectric permittivity of PVDF/BT nanocomposites with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.997. Thus, our study confirmed the accuracy and efficiency of the developed DNN model for predicting the relative dielectric permittivity of PVDF/BT nanocomposites.

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19

You, Yong, Yajie Wang, Ling Tu, Lifen Tong, Renbo Wei, and Xiaobo Liu. "Interface Modulation of Core-Shell Structured BaTiO3@polyaniline for Novel Dielectric Materials from Its Nanocomposite with Polyarylene Ether Nitrile." Polymers 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121378.

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The core-shell structured polyaniline-functionalized-BaTiO3 (BT@PANI) nanoparticles with controllable shell layer thicknesses are developed via in-situ aniline polymerization technology and characterized in detail. The results prove that the PANI shell layer with the adjustable and controllable thicknesses of 3–10 nm are completely stabilized on the surface of the BaTiO3 core. In addition, the BT@PANI nanoparticles are regarded as the hybrid nanofillers to prepare PEN/BT@PANI nanocomposite films with a PEN matrix. The research results indicate that the surface functionalized nanoparticles facilitate the compatibility and dispersibility of them in the PEN matrix, which improves the properties of the PEN/BT@PANI nanocomposites. Specifically, the PEN/BT@PANI nanocomposites exhibit thermal stability, excellent permittivity-frequency, and dielectric properties-temperature stability. Most importantly, the energy density of nanocomposites is maintained at over 70% at 180 °C compared with that at 25 °C. All these results reveal that a new way to prepare the high-performance PEN-based nanocomposites is established to fabricate an energy storage component in a high temperature environment.

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20

NAM, SUNG-PILL, HYUN-JI NOH, SUNG-GAP LEE, SEON-GI BAE, and YOUNG-HIE LEE. "ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF HETEROLAYERED BaTiO3/(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 THICK FILMS." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2009): 3785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909021831.

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The heterolayered BT/BNT thick films were fabricated by screen printing techniques on alumina substrates electrodes with Pt . Their structure and ferroelectric properties were investigated with the heterolayered tetragonal/rhombohedral structure composed of the BT and the BNT thick films. The structural and electrical properties of the heterolayered BT/BNT thick films were studied. The dielectric properties such as dielectric constant, loss and remanent polarization of the heterolayered BT/BNT thick films were superior to those of single composition BNT, and those values for the heterolayered BT/BNT thick films were 1455, 0.025 and 12.63 µC/cm2.

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21

Goto, Takayuki, Petr Pulpan, Takahiro Takei, Yoshihiro Kuroiwa, and Satoshi Wada. "Preparation of Strontium Titanate / Barium Titanate Complex Nanoparticles Using New Titanium Chelate Compounds." Key Engineering Materials 445 (July 2010): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.445.175.

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The conditions for strontium titanate (SrTiO3, ST) nucleation and particle growth were investigated for preparation of ST/ barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) complex nanoparticles. The conditions with and without ST nucleation were clarified. Epitaxial growth of ST layer on the BT substrate particles was studied using both conditions. Unfortunately, the ST/BT complex nanoparticles with heteroepitaxial interface were not prepared, but a new two-step solvothermal reaction method was developed. Finally, the ST/BT complex nanoparticles without heteroepitaxial interface were successfully prepared.

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22

Mori, Rintaro, Ichiro Fujii, Hiroshi Hayashi, Yoshitaka Nagamori, Yuichi Yamamoto, and Satoshi Wada. "Microstructure Control of Barium Titanate Grain-Oriented Ceramics and their Piezoelectric Properties." Key Engineering Materials 485 (July 2011): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.485.77.

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The Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) [110] grain-oriented ceramics along [110] direction were prepared by a templated grain growth (TGG) method. The [110] oriented BT platelike particles (t-BT) were used as template particles. The relationship between poling treatment program and piezoelectric constant was investigated. The change in the poling conditions did not greatly influence domain size and the piezoelectric constant. The relationship between piezoelectric properties and domain size in BT grain-oriented ceramics was investigated. The smaller domain size was required to increase the piezoelectric constant.

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23

Yao, Guo Feng, Xiao Hui Wang, and Long Tu Li. "Synthesis and Characterization of BaTiO₃-(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃ Solid Solution Based Dielectric Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 1160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.1160.

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BaTiO3-(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BTBNT) solid solution ceramics with the Curie temperature higher than 150°C were prepared, which were promising for X9R MLCCs application. (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT) was first synthesized by the conventional solid state reaction and then it was mixed with BaTiO3 (BT) with increasing BNT content from 0 to 12 mol%. BaTiO3-(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 solid solutions were obtained after calcining at 1100°C. The structural and dielectric properties of BTBNT and Nb-doped BTBNT ceramics were investigated.

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24

Bo, Ruitian, Junwang Liu, Chunfeng Wang, Yongliang Wang, Peigang He, and Zhidong Han. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Structure and Dielectric Permittivity of BaTiO3/PVDF Composites." Advances in Polymer Technology 2021 (September 22, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9019580.

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Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to investigate the structure and dielectric permittivity of poly(vinylidene fluoride)- (PVDF-) based composites with different contents of barium titanate (BT). The β-phase PVDF model with 100 structural units and the spherical BT particle model with a radius of 0.495 nm were built and applied in the initial models with three PVDF macromolecular chains and BT particles for the MD simulations of the BT/PVDF composites. The influences of BT content on the morphological structure, the free volume fraction, and glass transition temperature of the composites were explored according to the simulated results and the experimental ones of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A model was proposed to predict the static dielectric permittivity of the composites, the results of which were compared with the Cole-Cole fitting results of dielectric spectroscopy. Attempts were made to reveal the structure evolution and the micropolarization mechanism with the increasing content of BT.

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Wada, Satoshi, Tatsuya Kita, Ichiro Fujii, Kouichi Nakashima, Takahiro Takei, Nobuhiro Kumada, Toru Suzuki, et al. "Preparation of Barium Titanate Grain-Oriented Ceramics by Electrophoresis Deposition Method under High Magnetic Field Using Single-Domain Nanoparticles." Key Engineering Materials 582 (September 2013): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.582.27.

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Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) grain-oriented ceramics were prepared by electrophoresis deposition (EPD) method under high magnetic field (HM-EPD) of 12 T. For this objective, the BT single-domain nanoparticles with highc/aratio of 1.008 and size of 103 nm were prepared by two-step thermal decomposition method. Using the BT nanoparticle slurry, BT nanoparticle accumulations were prepared by EPD or slipcasting (SC) methods with/without high magnetic field. After binder burnout, these accumulations were sintered at 1350 °C and it was revealed that only the BT ceramics prepared by the HM-EPD method was assigned to grain-oriented ceramics with weak preferential crystallographic orientation along [11 direction.

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Maeda, Kazuki, Ichiro Fujii, Kouichi Nakashima, Gakuyo Fujimoto, Kazuhiro Suma, Toru Sukigara, and Satoshi Wada. "Microstructure Control of Porous Barium Titanate Ceramics and their Sensor Properties." Key Engineering Materials 582 (September 2013): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.582.32.

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Porous barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) ceramics were prepared by a conventional sintering method using two kinds of BT particles. The relationship between pore structure (porosity and pore size) of BT ceramics and their sensor properties was investigated. Since a piezoelectric d33 constant of BT depends largely on the pore structures, the microstructure control of porous BT ceramics is important to improve the figure-of-merit (g33/ρ). In this study, the maximal piezoelectric g33 constant value of 14.8×10-3 V·m·N-1 and the maximal g33/ρ value of 3.14×103 V·m4·N-1·g-1 were recorded at a porosity of approximately 23%.

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27

Chameswary, J., and M. T. Sebastian. "Microwave Dielectric Characteristics of Butyl Rubber- Barium Titanate Composites." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, CICMT (September 1, 2012): 000428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2012-wa415.

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Butyl rubber-micron barium titanate (BR/BT) and butyl rubber-nano barium titanate (BR/nBT) composites were prepared by sigma mixing followed by hot pressing. The tensile tests show that both the composites were mechanically flexible. The microwave dielectric properties of both BR/BT and BR/nBT composites were investigated as a function of ceramic loading and were found to be improved with filler content. The butyl rubber has relative permittivity (εr) of 2.4 and loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.0017 at 5 GHz. At a filler loading of 0.24 volume fraction (vf) of micron sized barium titanate (BaTiO3) powder loading, the composite attained a εr of 7 and tan δ of 0.014 and for the same filler content of nano BaTiO3 the composite have εr of 8.9 and tan δ of 0.019 at 5 GHz. The thermal stability of the relative permittivity of both the composites was investigated. The experimental values of εr of both BR/BT and BR/nBT composites were compared with theoretical models.

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Ahamed, Maqusood, Mohd Javed Akhtar, M. A. Majeed Khan, Hisham A. Alhadlaq, and Aws Alshamsan. "Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) Nanoparticles Exert Cytotoxicity through Oxidative Stress in Human Lung Carcinoma (A549) Cells." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (November 22, 2020): 2309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112309.

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Barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles (BT NPs) have shown exceptional characteristics such as high dielectric constant and suitable ferro-, piezo-, and pyro-electric properties. Thus, BT NPs have shown potential to be applied in various fields including electro-optical devices and biomedicine. However, very limited knowledge is available on the interaction of BT NPs with human cells. This work was planned to study the interaction of BT NPs with human lung carcinoma (A549) cells. Results showed that BT NPs decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of caspase-3 and -9 enzyme activity were also observed following BT NP exposure. BT NPs further induced oxidative stress indicated by induction of pro-oxidants (reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide) and reduction of antioxidants (glutathione and several antioxidant enzymes). Moreover, BT NP-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were effectively abrogated by N-acetyl-cysteine (an ROS scavenger), suggesting that BT NP-induced cytotoxicity was mediated through oxidative stress. Intriguingly, the underlying mechanism of cytotoxicity of BT NPs was similar to the mode of action of ZnO NPs. At the end, we found that BT NPs did not affect the non-cancerous human lung fibroblasts (IMR-90). Altogether, BT NPs selectively induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells via oxidative stress. This work warrants further research on selective cytotoxicity mechanisms of BT NPs in different types of cancer cells and their normal counterparts.

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Yamashita, Kenta, Ichiro Fujii, Kouichi Nakashima, Nobuhiro Kumada, Yoshihiro Kuroiwa, Tetsuhiro Takahashi, Takeo Tsukada, and Satoshi Wada. "Grain Size Dependence of the Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Potassium Niobate-Barium Titanate Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 566 (July 2013): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.566.34.

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In this study, 0.8 KNbO3(KN) -0.2 BaTiO3(BT) ceramics were prepared using KN powder with the diameter of 100 nm and BT powders with the diameter of 100, 300, or 500 nm. The relative densities were more than 96 % of the theoretical densities of the samples. The dielectric constant of the samples was temperature-stable at temperatures between-50 and 300 °C and it was found that the dielectric constant of the 0.8KN-0.2BT ceramics increased as the BT diameter increased.

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Patel, Satyanarayan, Kodumudi Venkataraman Lalitha, and Nishchay Saurabh. "Enhanced Pyroelectric Performance of Lead-Free Zn-Doped Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-BaTiO3 Ceramics." Materials 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010087.

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Lead-free Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-BaTiO3 (NBT-BT) has gained revived interest due to its exceptionally good high power properties in comparison to commercial lead-based piezoelectrics. Recently, Zn-modified NBT-BT-based materials as solid solution and composites have been reported to exhibit enhanced depolarization temperatures and a high mechanical quality factor. In this work, the pyroelectric properties of Zn-doped NBT-6mole%BT and NBT-9mole%BT ceramics are investigated. The doped compositions of NBT-6BT and NBT-9BT feature a relatively stable pyroelectric property in a wide temperature range of ~37 K (300–330 K) and 80 K (300–380 K), respectively. A threefold increase in detector figure of merit is noted for 0.01 mole Zn-doped NBT-6mole% BT at room temperature in comparison to undoped NBT-6mole%BT and this increase is higher than those of major lead-free materials. A broad range of the temperature-independent behavior for the figures of merit was noted (303–380 K) for Zn-doped NBT-6mole% BT, which is 30 K higher than the undoped material. The large pyroelectric figures of merit and good temperature stability renders Zn-doped NBT-BT an ideal candidate for pyroelectric detector and energy harvesting applications.

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31

Tateishi, Takashi, Han Joong Sang, Hiroaki Takeda, Takuya Hoshina, Spela Kunej, and Takaaki Tsurumi. "Fabrication of Lead-Free Semiconducting Ceramics Using BaTiO₃-(Bi_1/2Na_1/2)TiO₃ System by Sintering in Air Atmosphere." Key Engineering Materials 485 (July 2011): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.485.245.

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BaTiO3–(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3(abbreviated as BT-BNT) solid solution ceramics, as a lead-free PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient of resistivity) thermistor material usable over 130°C, were synthesized in air atmosphere. By conventional processes, La-doping was not effective in giving semiconducting property to the BT-BNT ceramics because of volatilization of sodium and bismuth during sintering. By preventing the volatilization by lowering the sintering temperature using very fine TiO2powder and by adding calcium oxide to calcined BT-BNT powders, we obtained BT-BNT semiconducting ceramics which shows a resistivity change near Curie temperature.

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Mori, Rintaro, Petr Pulpan, Hiroshi Hayashi, Yoshitaka Nagamori, Yuichi Yamamoto, Tetsuo Uchikoshi, Tohru S. Suzuki, and Satoshi Wada. "Preparation of Barium Titanate Grain-Oriented Ceramics and their Piezoelectric Properties." Key Engineering Materials 445 (July 2010): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.445.3.

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Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) grain-oriented ceramics along [110] direction were prepared by a templated grain growth (TGG) method. The [110] oriented BT platelike particles (t-BT) were used as template particles. BT grain-oriented ceramics with higher relative density (Drel) over 95 %, high degree of orientation along [110] direction (F110) over 80 % and grain sizes around 30 µm were successfully prepared using only the template particles. The relationship between microstructures and piezoelectric constant (d33) was investigated. The higher F110 was, the higher Drel and the smaller grain size were required for enhancement of the piezoelectric properties.

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33

Mahyudin, Alimin. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BKT PADA PIEZOELEKTRIK RAMAH LINGKUNGAN BI0,5NA0,5TIO3-BATIO3-BI0,5K0,5TIO3 (BNT-BT-BKT)." JURNAL ILMU FISIKA | UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS 3, no. 1 (March 10, 2011): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jif.3.1.10-15.2011.

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Proses sintesis BNT-BT-BKT telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode solid state reaction. Sintesis BNT-BT dengan penambahan % mol BKT yaitu 2%, 5%, 8%, 15% juga mendapatkan struktur perovskite dengan komposisi yang optimal pada penambahan 5% mol BKT. Pola difraksi XRD pada bahan BNT-BT dengan penambahan % mol BKT menunjukkan adanya perubahan puncak-puncak yang tumpang tindih dari (200) rhombohedral menjadi (200) dan (002) dari tetragonal. Daerah perubahan fasa ini dikenal dengan MPB yang terjadi pada komposisi penambahan BKT 2%. Penambahan bahan dopan BKT ke BNT-BT menunjukkan perubahan pola difraksi sinar-x dengan pergeseran sudut 45° - 47°. Mikrograph SEM, menunjukkan penambahan 2% BKT pada BNT-BT memiliki bentuk partikel seperti jarum dengan panjang rata-rata 1,608 – 2,589 μm.

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34

Yamashita, Kenta, Shigehito Shimizu, Nobuhiro Kumada, Kouichi Nakashima, Ichiro Fujii, Yoshihiro Kuroiwa, and Satoshi Wada. "Preparation of Potassium Niobate-Coated Barium Titanate Accumulation Ceramics by Solvothermal Synthesis and Enhancement of Piezoelectric Property." Key Engineering Materials 566 (July 2013): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.566.76.

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Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) - potassium niobate (KNbO3, KN) nanostructured ceramics with artificial morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) structure were successfully prepared at temperatures below 230 °C by solvothermal method. Various characterizations suggested that the BT-KN nanostructured ceramics exhibited a porosity of around 30 % and heteroepitaxial interface between BT and KN. Their dielectric and piezoelectric properties were measured at room temperature, and the dielectric constant and apparent piezoelectric constant estimated from slope of strain and electric field curve was 370 and 136 pm/V, respectively.

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35

Liu, Wen, Zunyuan Xie, Yaping Lu, Meixiang Gao, Weiqiang Zhang, and Lingxiang Gao. "Fabrication and excellent electroresponsive properties of ideal PMMA@BaTiO3 composite particles." RSC Advances 9, no. 22 (2019): 12404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01174a.

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A series of core–shell-structured poly(methylmethacrylate)@BaTiO₃ (PMMA@BT) composite particles were constructed via the self-assembly of BT nanoparticles on the surfaces of PMMA cores through the covalent bonding of siloxane groups at room temperature.

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36

Wang, Dawei, Ge Wang, Shunsuke Murakami, Zhongming Fan, Antonio Feteira, Di Zhou, Shikuan Sun, Quanliang Zhao, and Ian M. Reaney. "BiFeO3-BaTiO3: A new generation of lead-free electroceramics." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 08, no. 06 (December 2018): 1830004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x18300049.

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Lead-based electroceramics such as Pb(Zr.Ti)O3 (PZT) and its derivatives have excellent piezoelectric, pyroelectric and energy storage properties and can be used in a wide range of applications. Potential lead-free replacements for PZT such as potassium sodium niobate (KNN) and sodium bismuth titanate (NBT) have a much more limited range of useful properties and have been optimized primarily for piezoelectric applications. Here, we review the initial results on a new generation of lead-free electroceramics based on BiFeO3-BaTiO3 (BF-BT) highlighting the essential crystal chemistry that permits a wide range of functional properties. We demonstrate that with the appropriate dopants and heat treatment, BF-BT can be used to fabricate commercially viable ceramics for applications, ranging from sensors, multilayer actuators, capacitors and high-density energy storage devices. We also assess the potential of BF-BT-based ceramics for electrocaloric and pyroelectric applications.

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37

Azadmanjiri, J., Hojjatollah K. Salehani, A. Dehghan Hamedan, and M. Sadeghi. "A Study on the Preparation of Nano-Crystalline Barium Titanate Powder by a Sol-Gel Method." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.53.

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In this work, high purity BaTiO3 (BT) nano-powders by a sol-gel process was prepared with Ba(NO3)2 and Ti(C4H9O)4 materials in order to acquire uniform size grains. The effects of the crystallinity, microstructure of BT nano-powders calcined at different temperatures and dielectric properties of the ceramics were investigated by XRD, SEM and impedance analyzer, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction investigation revealed cubic plates and crystallite size. The results revealed that crystallite size and calcination temperature of BT and influence on the dielectric constant.

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Inaba, Katsuya, Ichiro Fujii, Kouichi Nakashima, Hiroshi Hayashi, Yuichi Yamamoto, Yoshihiro Kuroiwa, and Satoshi Wada. "Preparation of Grain-Oriented Ceramics with Bismuth Potassium Titanate-Barium Titanate and their Piezoelectric Properties." Key Engineering Materials 582 (September 2013): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.582.80.

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Bismuth potassium titanate ((Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3: BKT) powder were prepared using bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO3) and titanium oxide (TiO2) raw materials. Barium titanate (BaTiO3: BT) platelike particles oriented along [110] direction were used as template particles. Barium titanate-bismuth potassium titanate (BT-BKT) ceramics had a tetragonal phase at -100 °C. The main composition was fixed to BKT 30 molar% because the Curie temperature (TC) was well above 200 °C at BKT 30 molar%. The orientation of [110]-oriented BT-BKT ceramics (BKT 30 molar%) was 54.6 %.

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39

Wang, Qian, Hong-Ze Yan, Xian Zhao, and Chun-Ming Wang. "Polymorphic Phase Transition and Piezoelectric Performance of BaTiO3-CaSnO3 Solid Solutions." Actuators 10, no. 6 (June 13, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10060129.

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BaTiO3-based piezoelectric ceramics have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their tunable phase structures and good piezoelectric properties. In this work, the (1 − x)BaTiO3−xCaSnO3 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.16, abbreviated as BT−xCS) solid solutions, were prepared by traditional solid-state reaction methods. The phase transitions, microstructure, dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of BT-xCS have been investigated in detail. The coexistence of rhombohedral, orthorhombic, and tetragonal phases near room temperature, i.e., polymorphic phase transition (PPT), has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and temperature-dependent dielectric measurements in the compositions range of 0.06 ≤ x ≤ 0.10. The multiphase coexistence near room temperature provides more spontaneous polarization vectors and facilitates the process of polarization rotation and extension by an external electric field, which is conducive to the enhancement of piezoelectric response. Remarkably, the composition of BT-0.08CS exhibits optimized piezoelectric properties with a piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 620 pC/N, electromechanical coupling factors kp of 58%, kt of 40%, and a piezoelectric strain coefficient d33* of 950 pm/V.

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Liu, Shuning, Chenchen Liu, Yong You, Yajie Wang, Renbo Wei, and Xiaobo Liu. "Fabrication of BaTiO3-Loaded Graphene Nanosheets-Based Polyarylene Ether Nitrile Nanocomposites with Enhanced Dielectric and Crystallization Properties." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (November 22, 2019): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121667.

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In this paper, barium titanate@zinc phthalocyanine (BT@ZnPc) and graphene oxide (GO) hybrids (BT@ZnPc-GO) connected by calcium ions are prepared by electrostatic adsorption, and then introduced into polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) to obtain composites with enhanced dielectric and crystallization properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirm the successful fabrication of the BT@ZnPc-GO. BT@ZnPc-GO and PEN composites (BT@ZnPc-GO/PENs) are obtained through the solution-casting method. BT@ZnPc-GO demonstrates well compatibility with PEN due to its unique structure and the organic layer of ZnPc at the periphery of BT. On the other hand, BT and GO contribute a high dielectric constant of the composites obtained. In addition, the BT@ZnPc-GO can be used as a nucleating agent to promote the crystallization of the nanocomposites. As a result, The BT@ZnPc-GO/PEN exhibits a dielectric constant of 6.4 at 1 kHz and crystallinity of 21.03% after being isothermally treated at 280 °C for 2 h at the GO content of 0.75 wt %. All these results indicate that the hybrid nanofiller BT@ZnPc-GO can be an effective additive for preparing high-performance PEN-based nanocomposites.

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41

Rianyoi, Rattiyakorn, R. Potong, Nittaya Jaitanong, and Arnon Chaipanich. "Influence of Curing Age on Microstructure in Barium Titanate – Portland Cement Composites." Key Engineering Materials 484 (July 2011): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.484.222.

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The objective of this study was to find out the influence of curing age on microstructure in barium titanate – Portland cement composites. Barium titanate, BaTiO3 (BT) particles was mixed with Portland Cement (PC) and BT content of 50% by volume to produce the composites. All composites were cured in chamber of 60oC and 98% relative humidity for 1, 2, 3, and 7 days. Thereafter, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the interfacial zone between cement and BT ceramics. SEM observation indicated that the BT-PC composite cured for 7 days clearly showed calcium silicate hydrate gel (an essential hydration product of Portland cement) surrounding the BT particles and has lower porosity. In BT-PC composite cured for 1 day, the gel can be seen but of less quantity and has higher porosity which clearly affected the interfacial zone.

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Wada, Satoshi, Ai Nozawa, Shogo Iwatsuki, Tetsuo Kuwabara, Takahiro Takei, Nobuhiro Kumada, Petr Pulpan, and Hiroshi Uchida. "Dispersion of Barium Titanate and Strontium Titanate Nanocubes and their Selective Accumulations." Key Engineering Materials 445 (July 2010): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.445.183.

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Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3, ST) nanocube particles were prepared by a solvothermal method. The prepared particles were collected by a centrifugal separator. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement and a transmittance electron microscope (TEM) observation confirmed the formation of perovskite BT and ST nanocube particles with sizes of around 17 nm. These nanocube particles were monodistributed in hexane with tri-n-butylphosphine oxide (TBPO) as dispersant, separately, and then, the accumulations composed of the BT and ST nanocubes were built up using a selective catalytic reaction between 3-bromopropylphosphonic acid (BP) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AM) as smart glue. The TEM observation confirmed that a part of accumulations showed a hetrointerface connection between BT and ST.

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43

Takeda, Hiroaki, Han Joong Sang, Takashi Tateishi, Spela Kunej, Colin Leach, Robert Freer, Takuya Hoshina, and Takaaki Tsurumi. "Characterization of Grain Boundaries of Lead-Free Semiconducting Ceramics Using BaTiO₃-(Bi_1/2K_1/2)TiO₃ System." Key Engineering Materials 485 (July 2011): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.485.241.

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BaTiO3–(Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3 (abbreviated as BT-BKT) solid solution ceramics, as a lead-free PTC (positive temperature coefficient of resistivity) thermistor material usable over 130°C, has been synthesized by sintering in N2 atmosphere and after annealing in air over 1200°C. In the BT-BKT ceramics with PTC property, the impedance/modulus spectroscopic plots have revealed that a third resistance-capacitance (RC) response besides grains and grain boundaries. Using the remote electron beam induced current (REBIC) configuration, imaging has revealed EBIC contrast consistent with the presence of negatively charged electrostatic grain boundary barriers in the BT-BKT semiconducting ceramics.

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44

Hajra, Sugato, Neeha Pradhani, Ram Choudhary, and Sushrisangita Sahoo. "Fabrication, dielectric and electrical characteristics of 0.94 (BI0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.06 BaTiO3 ceramics." Processing and Application of Ceramics 13, no. 1 (2019): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1901024h.

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In the present paper, high temperature synthesis was used to prepare the complex electronic system 0.94 (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.06 BaTiO3 (BNT-BT-6). The relationship between the structure and electrical properties have been presented. The crystal data (i.e. unit cell dimensions and tetragonal crystal system) was obtained by preliminary structural analysis using room temperature X-ray diffraction spectra. The unequally distributed and densely packed ceramics were observed in the SEM micrograph of the sintered sample. The vibrational modes of BNT-BT-6 system using room temperature Raman and FT-IR spectra were reported. Temperature and frequency dependent dielectric parameters of BNT-BT-6 exhibit the shift in transition temperature, enhancement of dielectric constant and decrease in dissipation factor of BNT on the addition of BT even in a small amount. Analysis of the frequency and temperature dependent electrical modulus and impedance data of the system shows that the material follows non-Debye type of dielectric relaxation process. The overview of grain effect on the capacitive and resistive characteristics of the BNT-BT-6 material was studied experimentally from the Nyquist plots. Analysis of conductivity spectra was used to calculate activation energy and determine the electrical transport mechanism of the material.

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45

Deshpande, S. B., P. D. Godbole, Y. B. Khollam, and H. S. Potdar. "Characterization of Barium Titanate: BaTiO3 (BT) Ceramics Prepared from Sol-Gel Derived BT Powders." Journal of Electroceramics 15, no. 2 (November 2005): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10832-005-1460-7.

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46

Li, Guo Jun, Qi Zhang, Rui Ming Ren, and Hao Lü. "Sol-Gel Process for the Synthesis of Single-Phased BaTi₂O₅ Powder." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.256.

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The single-phased BaTi2O5 (BT2) powders were synthesized by a sol-gel method by using barium acetate and tetrabutyl titanate as starting materials and ZrO2 as stabilizing agent. A samll amout of ZrO2 is effective to prepare BT2 in a single phase and the second phase of BaTiO3 (BT) and Ba6Ti17O40 (B6T17) increases with increasing ZrO2 content. BT2 starts to form at about 700 oC and BT2 in a single phase is obtained at 800 to 1250 oC in air at 0.5 mol% ZrO2. The synthesized grains at 900 oC are nearly spherical in shape and whose sizes are 0.2-0.5 m.

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47

Deng, Wei, Guanguan Ren, Wenqi Wang, Weiwei Cui, and Wenjun Luo. "Enhanced dielectric properties and thermostability in polyimide composites with core-shell structured polyimide@BaTiO3 nanoparticles." High Performance Polymers 33, no. 7 (February 19, 2021): 806–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008321993526.

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Polymer composites with high dielectric constant and thermal stability have shown great potential applications in the fields relating to the energy storage. Herein, core-shell structured polyimide@BaTiO3 (PI@BT) nanoparticles were fabricated via in-situ polymerization of poly(amic acid) (PAA) and the following thermal imidization, then utilized as fillers to prepare PI composites. Increased dielectric constant with suppressed dielectric loss, and enhanced energy density as well as heat resistance were simultaneously realized due to the presence of PI shell between BT nanoparticles and PI matrix. The dielectric constant of PI@BT/PI composites with 55 wt% fillers increased to 15.0 at 100 Hz, while the dielectric loss kept at low value of 0.0034, companied by a high energy density of 1.32 J·cm−3, which was 2.09 times higher than the pristine PI. Moreover, the temperature at 10 wt% weight loss reached 619°C, demonstrating the excellent thermostability of PI@BT/PI composites. In addition, PI@BT/PI composites exhibited improved breakdown strength and toughness as compared with the BT/PI composites due to the well dispersion of PI@BT nanofillers and the improved interfacial interactions between nanofillers and polymer matrix. These results provide useful information for the structural design of high-temperature dielectric materials.

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48

Wada, Satoshi, Momoyo Nitta, Nobuhiro Kumada, Daisuke Tanaka, Masahito Furakawa, Chikako Moriyoshi, and Yoshihiro Kuroiwa. "Phase Diagram and Microstructure Analysis of Barium Titanate – Potassium Niobate System Piezoelectric Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 421-422 (December 2009): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.421-422.34.

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Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) and potassium niobate (KNbO3, KN) ceramics were prepared by normal sintering process. Phase diagram of BT-KN system was investigated using high-temperature XRD and dielectric measurement, and two phases coexistence between tetragonal and orthorhombic was observed at room temperature. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation confirmed that the microstructure of the ceramics with KN contents below 30 molar% was composed of only tetragonal BT-rich grain, while those with KN contents above 40 molar% were composed of two kinds of grains, i.e., tetragonal BT-rich and orthorhombic KN-rich grains. Phase boundary between two phases for BT-KN ceramics was grain boundary. Thus, we named two phases coexistence region for BT-KN ceramics “wide-band morphotropic phase boundary (MPB)”. Finally, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated, and both dielectric and apparent d33 maximum were observed at the 0.5BT-0.5KN ceramics.

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49

Kita, Tatsuya, Shuhei Kondo, Shuhei Tsukamoto, Takahiro Takei, Nobuhiro Kumada, Kouichi Nakashima, Ichiro Fujii, et al. "Preparation of Ceramics/Polymer Film Capacitor Using Barium Titanate Nanoparticles with High Dielectric Property and their Dielectric Property." Key Engineering Materials 566 (July 2013): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.566.54.

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Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) nanoparticle accumulations were prepared by an electrophoresis deposition (EPD) method, and their dielectric properties were measured. The BTKK accumulation exhibited high dielectric constant of 100. To prepare the BT ceramic/polymer film capacitors, the polymer was injected into the accumulations in vacuum. Finally, dielectric properties were measured, and it was clarified that the dielectric constant of the ceramic/polymer film capacitors became smaller than those of the accumulation because of surfactant used as particle dispersion.

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50

Fujii, Ichiro, Kenta Yamashita, Kouichi Nakashima, Yoshinori Fujikawa, Daisuke Tanaka, Masahito Furukawa, Eisuke Magome, Chikako Moriyoshi, Yoshihiro Kuroiwa, and Satoshi Wada. "Preparation of Potassium Niobate/Barium Titanate Nanocomposite Ceramics with a Wide Barium Titanate Particle Size Distribution and their Dielectric Properties." Key Engineering Materials 582 (September 2013): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.582.76.

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Denser, solvothermally synthesized KNbO3 (KN) / BaTiO3 (BT) composites with heteroepitaxial interfaces were prepared using the barium titanate powder with a wide particle size distribution. The relative density was 68 - 80 %, which was larger than that of the composites prepared using the barium titanate powder with a narrow particle size distribution. The dielectric constant was 300 450 and it was maximized at the KN/BT molar ratio of 0.5. The origin was discussed with the microstructure and crystal structure.

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