Статті в журналах: "Basis for the stability of labor relations"

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Нуртдинова, Алия, Aliya Nurtdinova, Людмила Чиканова, and Lyudmila CHikanova. "Differentiation of Legal Regulation of Labor Relations as Typical Tendencies of Labor Law Development." Journal of Russian Law 3, no. 6 (June 5, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11430.

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The articles dwells upon the issue of differentiation of legal regulation of labor relations which is seen as a legal instrument, which allows taking into account the specificity of social relations that are formed under the conditions of or among the labor law subjects and that have specific features. The differentiation is a polar opposite to the legal regulation unity which embodies the existence of a unified legal status of employees, their equality, and, ultimately, the unity of the branch of law, which is unthinkable without stability and certainty of legal standing of principal participants of relevant legal relations. Further differentiation of legal regulation of labor relations is one of the most typical tendencies in labor law development. The article notes that the grounds for differentiation, out of necessity to coordinate with the principle of equality, and hence abidance by discrimination prohibition, must be entitative, justified and directly linked with an object of legal regulation and satisfy the principles of clarity and unambiguousness. Based on the abovementioned criteria, the authors analyze such grounds of differentiation of legal regulation of labor relations as peculiarities of labor process, its organization, and the type and nature of labor activity, the field of economic activity which uses labor, and the working and environmental employment terms. The articles notes that the grounds for differentiation, chosen by a legislator, do not always correspond to the mentioned criteria. They are often arbitrary and do not reflect their objective need or do not correspond to the reality. For example, inclusion into the Labor Code of peculiarities of legal regulation of labor relations for those categories of workers, in relation to whom these peculiarities have already been established by special laws. In fact these rules do not convey any regulatory meaning and therefore complicate the legislation and do not contribute to clarity and transparency of those workers’ legal status. The analysis shows that the employer’s legal form and the peculiarities of the employees’ professional activities have recently become the mostly widespread grounds for differentiation. The authors draw the conclusion that differentiation cannot be considered valid if it was derived on the basis of one criterion (the employer’s legal form) without taking into account other significant criteria. While the admissibility (and sometimes the necessity) of setting the specificity of legal regulation based on the peculiarities of labor (professional) activity does not raise doubts. The only issue that could be raised is the issue of existence (or absence) of such peculiarities and of the advisability of specific manifestations of the differentiation, i.e. special rules adopted by a legislator.

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Osodlo, Vasyl, Oleh Rybchuk, and Viktoriia Krykun. "Organizational Culture as a Basis for Efficient Development of Organization." Management and Business Research Quarterly 17 (February 2021): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/mbrq.2021.17.02.

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The article is devoted to the study of non-material assets of an organization development, particularly of organizational culture as a basis of effective development of an organization. The hypothesis lies in the fact that specific features study of organizational culture of a company provides possibility of objective evaluation of a degree of stability of organization, its ability for competition, allows to predict the important directions of management decisions, and a possibility of achievement of planned results. The tendencies concerning the transformations of contemporary management of organizations, which are realized in transferring of management influences from the management of technology of work to technology of management of human potential of a company, are revealed. The change of emphasis is due to objective reasons: due to the processes of globalization, state-of-the-art production technologies, including the latest information technologies, as well as the international labor market, humanization of industrial relations and human resource management technologies are becoming widely available. The article presents the results of an empirical study of certain aspects that determine the organizational culture. Promising directions, that have a significant potential for improving organizational culture, are identified.

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Фоміна, Галина Юріївна. "THE CONCEPT AND PURPOSE OF TRANSLATION AND MOVEMENT OF EMPLOYEES." Juridical science, no. 3(105) (March 30, 2020): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-105-3.63.

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This article is devoted to the complex formation of relevant scientific thought about the essence, as well as the purpose of the transfer and relocation of employees in accordance with the norms of the current labor legislation of Ukraine. In the process of analyzing the current labor legislation, the author, taking into account the main current scientific approaches to understanding “transfer of employees” and “relocation of employees”, establishes that the main goal of “transfer of employees” is manifested in the rationalization of the use of labor resources at the enterprise (in an institution, organization), and the derived purpose of this personnel procedure is associated with individual (situational) manifestations of rationalization of the use of labor resources at the enterprise (in an institution, organization). The implementation of the “relocation of employees” is aimed at production and management (purely production, organizational, economic) rationalization of the use of hired employees by the employer at workplaces that are created at the enterprise (in an institution, organization), in specific conditions of the current needs of the production process. In the process of analyzing the purpose of transferring and relocation employees, it is proved that these personnel procedures are: equally aimed at the optimal use of labor resources by the employer; objectify the purpose and social significance of the production function of labor law, which is also adjusted by the social function of this branch of law. A comprehensive analysis of the purpose of the transfer and relocation of employees allows us to come to the conclusion that they are personnel procedures of a special sectoral legal regime – an integral legal regime for the transfer and relocation of employees. This legal regime is the order of legal regulation of the regime of rational use by the employer of the labor potential of employees (within the framework of industrial relations) through their “movement” (permutations in space, in forms of employment, in a set of responsibilities) without prejudice to ensuring the basis of workers' freedom of work and the harmonious stability of labor relations between employees and employers.

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Rzhanitsyna, Lyudmila. "Standard of economic sustainability of family a new orientation of income policy." Population 22, no. 1 (May 8, 2019): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/1561-7785-2019-00009.

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Improving labor incentives is a condition for the Russian economy to recover from the crisis, increase the well-being of the population, and further develop the country. In this regard, in the policy and organization of remuneration, it is proposed to switch from an orientation towards the physiological minimum to a standard of income that would allow an employee to earn a decent income on himself and the child, to the standard of economic sustainability of a family with children. A fair salary exempts the worker from dependence on the social assistance of the state, determined by the decision of the official. The transition of the state policy of personal income is a way to reduce the poverty of workers, to ensure material well-being for the economically active population, thereby creating a middle class, the basis of social stability and social peace in society. And the account of expenses for children is an objective component of the price and reproduction of labor in the system of market relations.

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Zolkover, A., and V. Bozhenko. "APPOACHES TO MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ASSESSMENT." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 3 (2020): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.3-34.

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The rapid development of globalization and convergence processes in the financial sphere, strengthening cooperation between countries in foreign economic activity, digital transformation of economic relations, free movement of labor and liberalization of state regulation inevitably affect the state of macroeconomic stability in the country. Macroeconomic stability is the basis for sustainable economic growth, so its support is one of the most important tasks not only of the central bank, but also of other government regulators and supervisors. To monitor the current state of economic development of the country and identify structural imbalances in the real and financial sectors of the economy, the development of an aggerated indicator becomes objectively necessary. The purpose of this study is to systematize the existing methodological approaches to assessing macroeconomic stability in the country. Methods of induction, analysis, synthesis, comparison were used within the research. The article analyzes the index of macroeconomic stability of individual developed countries and the developing world, calculated by experts from the reinsurance company Swiss Re and the London School of Economics. Analysis of existing methods for assessing macroeconomic stability and its derivatives has identified several approaches: probabilistic (determining the probability of adverse events and phenomena that impair macroeconomic stability), signal (analysis of the market environment based on key indicators and their compliance with threshold values). determination of the deterministic relationship between the selected variables). The obtained results will be of practical value for public authorities and international organizations for the current analysis and adoption of a set of preventive measures to combat crises in the economy. Priority areas for further research are the development of its own methodology for assessing the level of macroeconomic stability of the country, taking into account the presence of transmission effects between participants in the financial and real sectors of the economy.

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Mizanbekova, S. K., B. B. Kalykova, and D. A. Aitmukhanbetova. "Grain farming is the basis for functioning of grain product sub-complex." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-2.2708-9991.16.

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Purpose – complex multifunctional and dynamic system, which includes a wide range of national economic functions, which is represented by grain farming, and requires priority attention to its development from the state has been analyzed. It is noted that the stability of grain trade, functioning of national and general grain markets depend on the quantity, quality, species range and price level of grain produced, demand, government influence on its production and sale, situation on the world grain market and other factors of an internal and external nature. The research methods are reflected in the improvement of territorial division of labor in the process of grain production and development of grain trade between countries, taking into account the scientific approach to the development and implementation of projects and programs of an interstate association, which should be comprehensive and take into account the positive aspects and barriers in expanding the single grain market. Results – it was revealed that innovative activity, promising innovations for the systems of breeding and seed production of grain crops, development of mechanization, land reclamation, chemical processing, expansion and strengthening of transport routes, information support, management in the fields of grain production and market relations allow the formation of specialized grain zones. Conclusions – in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to create a domestic accounting system in accordance with interstate agreements, according to which, in 2022, a mechanism for the identification and traceability of grain should function in the EAEU. It will require its development, similar to dairy products, which will significantly increase the cost of using these technologies.

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Trinh, Hang Thi. "Some Some issues on the employee’s right to unilaterally terminate the employment contract under the 2019 Labor Code." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 5, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v5i3.768.

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Article 35 of the Vietnamese Constitution 2013 stipulates that "Citizens have the right to work, choose a career and workplace." This is one of the basic rights of citizens and is concretized by an array of different regulations to regulate the labor relations between employees and employers. Of the regulations, provisions on the employee's right to unilaterally terminate the employment contract are emphasized. Within the scope of this article, the author points out a number of issues which are associated with the employee's rights to unilaterally terminate the employment contract stipulated in the Labor Code 2019, specifically the provisions in Section 3, Chapter III. In order to clarify and deepen the issues, the author uses the comparison method between the provisions of the Labor Code 2019 and the provision of the Labor Code 2012, reviewing and analyzing the issues of grounds and procedures for exercising the right to unilaterally terminate the employment contract of the employee; rights and obligations of employees when unilaterally terminating the employment contract legally; rights and obligations of employees when unilaterally terminating the employment contract illegally. In particular, the issues of grounds for the termination of the employment contract, a notice period before the unilateral termination of the employment contract, severance allowances and unemployment benefits are analyzed thoroughly to highlight the positive points as well as the gaps that currently exist and affect employees and employers. Finally, the author gives a number of recommendations to improve the legal regulations, creating balance and stability in labor relations as well as sustainable development for the economy and society.

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Parreira, Fernanda Ramos, and Marta Rovery De Souza. "O Trabalho no SUS: retrato das relações trabalhistas no Programa Academia da Saúde." Archives of Health 2, no. 5 (August 9, 2021): 1455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46919/archv2n5-007.

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RESUMO Justificativa: As contratações na área da saúde pública brasileira – especialmente em nível municipal – perpassam por essas novas dinâmicas laborais. Trabalhadores da saúde contratados por tempo determinado, relações trabalhistas sem estabilidade ou garantias mínimas de direitos trabalhistas e previdenciários. Objetivo: Refletir sobre as dinâmicas laborais existentes no contexto de um programa. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-transversal, que utiliza dados secundários referente ao programa Academia da Saúde, bem como dados oriundos de pesquisa de campo. Resultados: Predomínio de profissionais do sexo feminino, jovens, com elevado grau de instrução, presença de equipes multiprofissionais, mas com relações e vínculos de trabalho precarizados, constituídos por meio de contratações temporárias, por exemplo credenciamento, baixa permanência de trabalhadores. Conclusões: As relações de trabalho – no contexto do programa Academia da Saúde, no estado de Goiás – constroem-se de forma precarizada e sem estabilidade ao trabalhador, e contribui a pouca motivação e desinteresse de profissionais em atuarem no programa. ABSTRACT Background: Brazilian public health hiring - especially at the municipal level - permeates these new work dynamics. Health workers on a fixed-term basis, unsettled labor relations or minimum guarantees of labor and social security rights. Objective of paper: Reflect on the existing work dynamics in the context of a program. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that uses secondary data related to the Academia da Saúde program, as well as data from field research. Results: Predominance of female, young, highly educated professionals, presence of multiprofessional teams, although presenting precarious working relationships and bonds, constituted through temporary hiring, for example, accreditation, low permanence of workers. Conclusions: Labor relations - in the context of the Academia da Saúde program in the state of Goiás - are built in a precarious manner and without stability to the worker, contributing to the professionals' lack of motivation and lack of interest in working in the program.

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Prots, Ivanna. "LEGAL NATURE OF LEGAL RELATIONS IN THE FIELD OF INSURANCE: ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL ASPECT." Social & Legal Studios 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32518/2617-4162-2021-2-33-38.

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On the basis of the systematic theoretical and legal analysis of scientific researches and the current legislation the legal nature of insurance which is caused by three key approaches – economic, material and legal is investigated. The economic essence of insurance is expressed through the category of monetary funds needed to cover unforeseen needs of society; the material nature of insurance is disclosed through the category of monetary funds, which are used to compensate for damage caused by natural disasters and unforeseen circumstances; the legal content of insurance is manifested through a set of rules governing economic relations related to the protection of the legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities, public entities. It is noted that insurance has all the main functions of the category of finance in financial law but in certain specific manifestations. It is stated that insurance is a complex legal institution, which includes the rules of constitutional, civil, financial, administrative, labor law, social security law, and legal relations arising in connection with insurance, which are public and private law. Imperative norms of the field of financial law have priority in the regulation of public relations, formed in the organization of insurance, implementation of compulsory insurance, licensing of insurance entities, ensuring financial stability and solvency of insurers, on the reorganization of insurance companies, in the National Bank Ukraine's regulatory powers in the areas of insurance control and insurance supervision.

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Masters, Marick F., and John D. Robertson. "Class Compromises in Industrial Democracies." American Political Science Review 82, no. 4 (December 1988): 1183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1961755.

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The stability of democracies has been of critical interest to students of comparative politics. One question that has received limited empirical analysis is, How do we integrate class conflict into the broader concept of democratic stability? We extend the work of Przeworski and Wallerstein. Our principal thesis is that as the material bases of class exchange diminish, the state intervenes economically to expand the resources conducive to class consent. A tripartite coalition thus emerges, with the state facilitating class compromise between labor and capital through economic policies. We explore this thesis in a cross-national analysis of data collected from 20 advanced industrial democracies during the time period 1965–83, and explore the essential conclusions and the political-economic implications of our findings.

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GIBBS, EWAN. "The Moral Economy of the Scottish Coalfields: Managing Deindustrialization under Nationalization c.1947–1983." Enterprise & Society 19, no. 1 (November 7, 2017): 124–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2017.25.

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This article examines conceptions of social justice and economic fairness with regard to employment. It does so through an analysis of the management of deindustrialization in the Scottish coalfields between the 1940s and 1980s. Emphasis is placed on the historical roots and social and political constitutions of labor market practices. The analysis is grounded within Karl Polanyi’s Great Transformation; industrial relations within coal mining are conceived through an ongoing conflict between commodifying, liberalizing market forces and a “counter-movement” of worker and community resistance and state regulation, which works to embed markets within social and political priorities. E. P. Thompson’s moral economy provides the basis for an understanding of the formulation of communal expectations and employment practices that acted to mitigate the disruption caused by pit closures. The analysis grounds the historical roots of the moral economy within Poalnyi’s counter-movement and illuminates the operation of specific practices of a Thompsonian character within the nationalized industry, which maintained individual and collective employment stability. This is constructed utilizing interviews with former mineworkers and members of mining families. These are supplemented by archival sources that include the minutes of Colliery Consultative Committee meetings, which took place before pit closures. They reveal the moral economy was fundamentally centered on the control of resources, collieries, and the employment they provided rather than simply elements of financial compensation for those suffering from labor market instability. Resultantly procedure centering on collective consultation was fundamental in legitimating colliery closures.

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Koliada, Nataliia, and Oksana Kravchenko. "Social and economic principles of supporting people with disabilities through the perspective of professional rehabilitation." Economies' Horizons, no. 1(8) (March 31, 2019): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2616-5236.1(8).2019.170027.

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In Ukraine there are about 3 million people with disabilities who are not able to overcome the consequences of disability without the help and special care of society. All disabled people have the right to appropriate social, psychological, medical, professional and labor rehabilitation. The purpose of the research. The purpose of the study is to find out the economic and social benefits of home work of disabled people in Ukraine. Methodology. The analysis of the current Ukrainian legislation on the promotion of the disabled people employment is carried out. The organizational and legal principles of the home work application, the substantiation of home work as a type of social and psychological rehabilitation are revealed, recommendations for conducting home work for the social support of people in difficult straits have been identified. Results. It has been determined that labor rehabilitation is a system of measures developed with regard to the inclinations, physical and mental capabilities of the person and aimed at mastering the labor skills of labor activity providing the productional adaptation, including through the creation of special or specially adapted workplaces. It should be noted that the legal data framework on social and rehabilitation services of a professional and labor direction in the current legislation of Ukraine confirms to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the UN Convention on the Professional Recovery and Employment of Persons with Disabilities. At the same time, employment of such groups of population provides them with additional elaboration of pensions and additional financing for the development of social and rehabilitation services of the professional and labor direction. Practical meaning. It is established that labor activity, employment of disabled people is one of the most effective means of their social and psychological rehabilitation, aimed at renewal of the disabled persons’ social relations and relationships, their emotional stability, active social life, integration into an open society, expansion and deepening of social contacts, renewal of professional qualities and skills, creation of favorable conditions for development and assertiveness of the person. Prospects for further research. It is necessary to define a nomenclature list of specialists in the field of professional rehabilitation and social assistance to the persons with disabilities in accordance with the international standards, to identify their need, to provide an organizational and methodological basis for their training and further employment.

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KOUIDER, Mimouna. "THE MATERNITY PROTECTION IN THE ALGERIAN LEGISLATION ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ‎AND WITH THE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SPREAD OF THE CORONA EPIDEMIC (COVID 19)." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, no. 02 (March 1, 2022): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.16.24.

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The study sheds light on the various legal texts that guarantee the working woman protection ‎from the risk of childbirth and the analysis of these texts, starting with the constitutional texts, ‎the Labor Relations Law and the Social Security Law, since the latter guarantees the working ‎woman the right to a paid maternity leave under certain conditions, procedures and guarantees ‎that would ensure stability for the woman at both the professional and family levels.‎ The issue of maternity protection is also considered as a basic legal axis in international labor ‎agreements and comparative legislation. The study highlights the position of the Algerian ‎legislator on these international standards and comparative laws, especially since Algeria is ‎working hard to structure and ameliorate this protection.‎ It is known that recently, the Algerian legislator renewed the interest in the sensitive situation ‎of the pregnant woman by taking preventive measures towards her in light of the spread of the ‎Corona epidemic (Covid 19) by deciding to give her the right to an exceptional paid holiday ‎in accordance with the executive decree 20-69, related to the measures to prevent the spread ‎of the Corona epidemic (Covid 19).

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Akimova, L. M. "Mechanisms of the influence state regulation on economic security of the state in social and demographic spheres: world experience." Public administration aspects 6, no. 9 (October 19, 2018): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/151857.

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In this article, the author revealed that in the modern world, national states function in conditions of high uncertainty, disequilibrium and risk, which increases the relevance and role of the security component in public administration. It is established that ensuring economic security is one of the fundamental criteria for the effectiveness of the state as a subject of social relations, since in the economic system a necessary material basis is created for the social and demographic development of the country. In turn, it is clarified that the social and demographic spheres are critically important for economic development as sources of reproduction of human and social capital. Based on the results of the analysis of data from international indices that reflect Ukraine’s economic position among the countries of the world, it has been clarified and proven that the influence of the main instruments of state regulation on the country’s economic security is positive in the sphere of education and vocational training and negative in the areas of the labor market, freedom of business, health and security.The state has a low level of stability, which is most influenced by indicators of the social state of society and cohesion policy related to the functioning of the security apparatus, the presence of a split in the elite in society, social policies for vulnerable groups, in particular internally displaced persons, external intervention. In general, the influence of the main instruments of state regulation on the economic security of the country can be considered positive in the sphere of education and training and negative in the labor market, freedom of business, health and safety.Existing international databases allow only relative dynamic characteristics of the influence of state regulation instruments on economic security in the social and demographic spheres. Taking this into account, the prospects for further scientific research encompass the development of theoretical and methodological bases for assessing the impact of certain instruments of state regulation of economic security in the social and demographic spheres for the benefit of society and economic growth.

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Nergaard, Kristine, and Torgeir Aarvaag Stokke. "The puzzles of union density in Norway." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 13, no. 4 (November 2007): 653–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890701300409.

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The level of union density in Norway is medium high, in contrast to the other Nordic countries where high density levels are supported by unemployment insurance funds. Developments in union density over time are stable in Norway, contrary to developments in most western European countries outside the Nordic region. This article traces the effects of unemployment insurance funds by comparing density levels in Norway with those in Finland and Sweden. In addition, the stability witnessed in union density in Norway over time is a particularly puzzling phenomenon, and the authors seek to explain it on the basis of specific institutional and labour market factors.

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Halili, Nijazi, Aziz Rexhepi, Besarta Rexhepi, and Arbresha Meha. "Economic integration." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 4 (June 16, 2020): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i4.860.

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In this scientific paper we have presented how the European Integration process gives results so that the level of economic development is approximately comparable between different countries. The economic structure should be, if possible, the complementary structure of production and the market between different countries. The basic economic goals are to advance the development of economic activities between member states, the permanent and balanced expansion of the economy, greater economic stability and the improvement of living standards and the strengthening of economic relations between member states. The realization of the set goals is realized through: elimination of barriers and ensuring the free movement of labor, the circulation of capital and services, the establishment of a common customs tariff for EEC countries. It is considered that the reform in accordance with the standards of the European Union, is one of the most effective measures for the acceleration and successful transition of the transition process and individually advancement in the process of European integration.

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Buleev, I. "The Structure of Society and the Middle Class: State, Development Prospects." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 3 (61) (2020): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2020-3(61)-11-29.

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The article examines the main stages of the development of society from prehistoric times to the present, the transformation of its structure. In contrast to the traditional perception of a person as a biosocial subject, he is viewed as a spiritually-bio-social subject in nature in a “spiritually-socially-natural” system. The research methods based on consistency, the concept of three forces of development, dialectics and trialectics are used. The category of spirituality in relation to a person and society is considered, a significant change in the ratio of "spiritual" and "material" is noted, it is proved that in the conditions of intellectualization of society, its transformation into post-industrial (hyperindustrial), the dominant development is spirituality, and the basis of social relations is the institutions of spirituality of the people, values, morality, responsibility. It is noted that any society capable of creating added value is divided into two main parts: rich and poor, opposing both in economic relations, the distribution of added value, and in other social relations, in culture, education, etc. Between them there is the middle part of society, interested in maintaining its stability, law and order, spirituality, values, their evolutionary development, etc. In the industrial era of capitalism, this part of society grows significantly as a result of an increase in the standard of living, professionalism of workers to the level necessary for industrial production. At the stage of the formation of capitalism, the theory of classes is developing and the middle part of society is reasonably attributed to the main classes, called the middle class (MC). The middle class became basic in the stabilization of society, its spiritual and economic development. The study notes the inappropriateness of the spread of the definitions of class theory, the theory of the middle class to pre-capitalist and post-industrial societies. SK is a category of capitalist society. As society transforms from the industrial stage of economic development into financial-oligarchic capitalism, into a post-industrial (hyperindustrial) society, the objective conditions for the quantitative growth of middle class are curtailed. ICT, intellectualization of production and society sharply reduce the need for labor. The number of the UK is declining. 10-20% of the most professionally trained (up to the level of scientific workers) specialists stand out from the middle class and move to the lower part of the upper class. The rest (up to 80% of the UK) – go to the lower class. As a result, the UK is practically liquidated. In order to preserve the stability of a society based on market relations, the state and its elite must consciously support and preserve the middle part of society, into which the industrial middle class is being transformed, which is necessary for the functioning of the internal market and society. The article substantiates the preconditions and conditions for the formation and transformation of the middle class in developing and post-capitalist countries, including Ukraine. In economically developed countries that have embarked on the path of formation of post-industrial (hyperindustrial, new integral) societies, two ways of changing their structure are possible: further differentiation in terms of income, assets, spirituality; or the formation of a society of average sufficiency, where there is a convergence of classes and strata of the population in terms of quality of life, spirituality, etc. The substantiation and possibilities of this or that vector of development of society require further theoretical research and their testing in practice.

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Vorobyeva, M. A. "LEADING INDIAN BUSINESS-GROUPS." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(48) (June 28, 2016): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-3-48-265-272.

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The goal of this paper is to investigate the evolution of the leading Indian business-groups under the conditions of economical liberalization. It is shown that the role of modern business-groups in the Indian economy is determined by their high rate in the gross domestic product (GDP), huge overall actives, substantial pert in the e[port of goods and services, as well as by their activities in modern branch structure formatting, and developing labor-intensive and high-tech branches. They strongly influence upon economical national strategies, they became a locomotive of internationalization and of transnationalization of India, the basis of the external economy factor system, the promoters of Indian "economical miracle" on the world scene, and the dynamical segment of economical and social development of modern India. The tendencies of the development of the leading Indian business groups are: gradual concentration of production in few clue sectors, "horizontal" structure, incorporation of the enterprises into joint-stock structure, attraction of hired top-managers and transnationaliziation. But against this background the leading Indian business-groups keep main traditional peculiarities: they mostly still belong to the families of their founders, even today they observe caste or communal relations which are the basis of their non-formal backbone tides, they still remain highly diversificated structures with weak interrelations. Specific national ambivalence and combination of traditions and innovations of the leading Indian business-groups provide their high vitality and stability in the controversial, multiform, overloaded with caste and confessional remains Indian reality. We conclude that in contrast to the dominant opinion transformation of these groups into multisectoral corporations of the western type is far from completion, and in the nearest perspective they will still possess all their peculiarities and incident social and economical "colouring".

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Yasinskaya-Kazaschenko, Angelika V., and Irina V. Sholomitskaya. "DISTANCE EMPLOYMENT AS AN INSTITUTION OF WORKING TIME AND THE MAIN EVOLUTIONARY TYPE OF EMPLOYMENT IN A PANDEMIC." Tyumen State University Herald. Social, Economic, and Law Research 7, no. 1 (2021): 126–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7897-2021-7-1-126-146.

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The development of the digital economy, the change in the image of workers, their values, as well as the threat of a global pandemic indicate the further development and widespread introduction of non-traditional forms of employment. The article examines the historical preconditions for the formation of a distance form of employment. The authors conclude that distance employment is an evolutionary form of employment and, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, is designed to ensure the stability of labor relations. The features of the legal regulation of distance work in the Republic of Belarus are analyzed, a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of distance employment in the Russian Federation is carried out. The main mistakes made by employers when transferring workers to remote work have been studied. Basic recommendations are given for transferring employees to a remote form of employment, taking into account the requirements of the legislation of the Republic of Belarus. There were used such methods as analysis, synthesis, dialectical, historical, formal logical, formal legal and comparative legal in this research.

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Xu, Y., and D. Liu. "Decent work for the digital platform workers. A preliminary survey in Beijing." Digital Law Journal 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-1-48-63.

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This paper discusses the status and implications of the employment relations and working conditions experienced by digital platform workers; the analysis is based on a survey conducted in 2017 on 1 338 workers engaged in work-on-demand via apps (WODVA) from 25 platforms in Beijing, of whom 48.8 % are full-time WODVA workers or take WODVA as their primary job. The survey ﬁnds that nearly a half of the respondents engage in platform work due to a lack of employment opportunities in formal labor markets or their permanent jobs providing insufﬁcient income. The respondents reveal substantial decent work deﬁcits in representation, compensation, job stability, social protection, working time, and health and safety: 1) WODVA workers seldom have any voice in labor dispute settlements and have a very low rate of unionization; 2) about one third of the full-time WODVA workers cannot earn a living wage and 7.6 % of them earn less than the minimum wage level; 3) three quarters of the full-time WODVA workers have no labor contract with the platforms or other employers, nor access to employer-contributed social insurances; 4) overtime work and underemployment coexist among full-time respondents, with nearly 10 % working for fewer than 4 hours per day while nearly 10 % work for more than 11 hours per day; 5) a majority of respondents run a higher risk of occupational health or physical risks, without any protection provided by the platforms or employers. To promote decent work by digital platform workers, the State needs to establish a portable social security system extending to all workers, to facilitate association and collective actions of platform workers either by extending the outreach of traditional unions or fostering new forms of organizations, to leverage digital technology to facilitate platform workers’ organization and information sharing, and even to promote universal basic income and a workers’ cooperative of platforms in the long run.

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Бейкун, А. Л., and О. М. Ромашко. "LEGAL REGULATION OF THE SECURITY AND DEFENSE SECTOR: ESSENCE AND CONTENT." Juridical science, no. 3(105) (March 30, 2020): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-105-3.16.

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The purpose of the article is to establish the essence and content of the legal regulation of the security and defense sector of Ukraine, and the tasks include: interpretation of such categories as "legal regulation", "security and defense sector of Ukraine"; establishment of the normative-legal basis for the functioning of the relevant institution, which will enable and objectify the establishment of the content of the relevant concept; defining the essence and content of the security and defense sector of Ukraine, which will further form practical recommendations for optimizing the industry. In the article the author carried out a comprehensive multicomponent study of the concept of legal regulation of the security and defense sector, clarified its essence for the content. Some reference and other scientific sources that define the concept and essence of such terms as "legal regulation", "security and defense sector" are considered. It is concluded that the legal regulation of the security and defense sector is a range of state-regulated legal acts that establish the foundations of the functioning of entities implementing measures to ensure national and military security, as well as personal security of citizens, public order. It is argued that today, in the conditions of armed aggression of the Russian Federation, the most urgent issue is to establish effective cooperation of all entities with powers and responsibilities in the security and defense sector of Ukraine, because of the effectiveness of their interaction, the implementation of the most complex socio-political and economic stability of society depends on the tasks with the lowest labor costs and in the shortest possible time. Scientists also point out that the most important thing is to create such conditions that will effectively prevent a military attack and organize a political (diplomatic), economic, armed repulse of possible aggression against Ukraine at any time and under any circumstances. The results have been achieved and the position has been formed that the legal regulation of the security and defense sector takes place in the following way: consolidation and protection of new social relations; prohibition of certain social relations and behavior; changes in the nature of relations in a particular area. The necessity of further research in the relevant direction and the importance of an expanded interpretation of the legal framework for the security and defense sector of Ukraine are argued.

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Regalia, Ida. "Local-level concertation: the scope for innovative regulation of non-standard forms of employment in Europe." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 7, no. 4 (November 2001): 657–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890100700409.

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The paper presents the main findings of research into the interest of the social partners and local institutions in seeking new ways to regulate the use of non-standard forms of employment. The research, based on case studies, revealed an unexpectedly broad scenario of concerted initiatives, highly heterogeneous and not always successful, at the local level and within companies. On the basis of the objectives pursued by such initiatives, it is possible to identify logics of intervention which differ in the extent to which they distance themselves from the model of protection traditionally associated with standard forms of employment. In the most innovative cases, alternative forms of protection are devised either by redefining the boundaries within which workers are entitled to stability and protection, or by releasing workers from the need to establish permanent relations with a firm in order to enjoy rights and security. Such solutions challenge established practices of labour regulation, but are perhaps also best suited to the way in which the world of work and production is changing, at least if the aim is to provide more extensive, inclusive ‘light’ protection for everyone, rather than ‘heavy’ protection for only a few.

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Kielesińska, Agata, and Miroslav Pristavka. "Maintaining the Appropriate Level of Quality in the Aspect of Machinery and Equipment Safety in Food Industry." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cqpi-2019-0017.

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Abstract In the paper, the problem and importance of maintaining an appropriate level of quality in relation to labor protection in the light of EU and national legal standards have been presented. Maintenance of machines and, consequently, stability in the field of process quality is identified on the basis of specific management requirements according the machinery safety in food industry, also with respect to the sphere of their construction, production, distribution, and in particular exploitation. The food industry on global markets is characterized by a large variety of consumers. Therefore, both needs and requirements can have a very wide range, also with regard to quality criteria, care for the natural environment, development of technologies as well as new products introduction. Trends defining dynamics and competition in the food industry include a large number of factors, that require effective management, e.g.: quality ingredients of foodstuffs, preparation of products, maximum product safety as a measure of quality, application of modern production technologies (fast filling and packaging installations). Care for the safety of machinery and equipment used in industry and food processing is a guarantee of manufacturing products of the highest nutritional quality for consumers. With regard to ensuring the safety and quality of food products, in the paper the general principles in risk assessment and the technical measures to improve the safety of machines during their use have been presented.

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Irtyshcheva, Inna, and Antonina Trushlyakova. "Improvement of investment support for human capital development in the conditions of digital transformation." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 7, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.7.3.89-96.

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The features of investment in the development of human capital in Ukraine at the regional level, in the private sector and at the household level have been investigated. It is noted that the state acts as the main investor in the formation and development of human capital, financing the main expenses in the field of education, medicine, cultural and physical development and social security. However, state policy in the context of limited financial resources and their irrational use does not contribute to the effective development and reproduction of human potential in accordance with the needs of the digital economy. Despite the nominal increase in social spending, their structure is irrational, and the spending itself do not consider as investment. An insufficient level of investment activity in the field of investment in human capital observe at the corporate and individual levels. It has been determined that the main incentive for the development of human capital affects the formation of a motivational basis at all levels is the purposeful, consistent and pragmatic activity of state authorities aimed at implementing a certain development strategy for the country, ensuring its security and macroeconomic stability. An important condition is also the creation of a regulatory framework that is adapted to the specifics and realities of economic and social transformations in the context of digitalization, the regulation of labor relations, and the preservation of social and investment guarantees. To regulate and intensify investment activities, a model of investment support for the human capital development is proposed. It involves the redistribution of investment resources in accordance with the subjects of investment and the expected results of the investment process, forms and criteria for assessing individual components of human capital at different stages of the life cycle, together form a general model of financing it development and reproduction at all levels.

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KUDAR, Anna, and Kseniia KOVTUNENKO. "Adaptation of the production enterprise personnel in the foreign economic activity conditions." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 6/1 (June 2020): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.6(1).4.

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Introduction. The basis for foreign economic activity of the enterprise - is the possibility of obtaining economic benefits, based on the benefits of the international division of labor and business relations. Nowadays, the production and sale of a particular product or service has more advantages when it is done for sale in another country than in the middle of the country. The purpose of this paper is to study the aspects of personnel management of a production enterprise in terms of adaptation of foreign economic activity, namely the training of employees of the enterprise. Result. In modern market conditions, the most important tool to ensure the stability of the enterprise and increase its competitiveness not only in the domestic market but also in the foreign market - is the professional development of staff in accordance with current and future requirements of the external and internal environment. It is very important for a company that is just beginning to enter international markets to have highly qualified employees. Personnel management is a complex and integral component of business management. Difficult because people are different in nature from other resources and require special approaches and management methods. The main thing in personnel management is that a person (employee) is a source of income. Conclusion. In the conditions of globalization, there is a need of the enterprise to enter the international markets and to work in the conditions of foreign economic activity. This allows the company to make more profit, gain access to the latest technologies, purchase cheaper and unique resources for production in foreign markets, and so on. The personnel management system at the production enterprise must be flexible, able to change the content, methods and organizational forms in accordance with the needs of the enterprise and the situation in terms of foreign economic activity.

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Bocharov, Vladislav Yu. "Discourse analysis of the American working youth communities on the social network Reddit." Semiotic studies 1, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2782-2966-2021-1-1-100-113.

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The article discusses the working conditions and employment of American working youth during the global pandemic (2020) within the discursive space of the online communities of the social network Reddit. The aim of the study was to conduct a discourse-analysis of professional virtual communities of American working youth. The main tasks were to analyze the specifics of the language of online communication of American working youth, to identify the main problems of employment and labor relations relevant to young Americans, to find out how much American working youth identify with the working class, and to study its class interests, class positions and feelings of solidarity. Infrequent (basic) and frequent (additional) content analyses were used to analyze empirical information (143 text and visual posts in 11 communities of the social network Reddit). The results of the study draw conclusions about the presence of a specific language of communication, similar conditions of employment and living standards, the stability of class positions and the high level of virtual solidarity of American working youth. Comparison of the data obtained with the results of our previous study of virtual communities of Russian working youth allows us to tell about the similarities and differences between American and Russian youth. The main common feature characteristic of both (American and Russian) working youth is the presence of their own group identity.

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Мустафаев, А. А. "ПУТИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ФИНАНСОВЫХ РЕСУРСОВ АПК СЕВЕРНОГО РЕГИОНА". TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, № 4 (15 грудня 2018): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2018.4.12.

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Formulation of the problem. The article deals with the actual problem of improving the efficiency of financial resources of the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic. The aim of the research is an attempt to solve certain conceptual and practical tasks that can ensure the efficient use of financial resources of the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic. The object of the research is the direction of increasing the efficiency of using financial resources of the agro-industrial complex of the northern region. The methods used of the research: methods of systematization and generalization, the comparative method, methods of induction and deduction. The hypothesis of the research.An important task is the development of appropriate principles to ensure the transition to an intensive investment path of development - the replacement of machinery and equipment, the introduction of new production technologies, increased technological competition, and increased demand for intellectual property. The statement of basic materials. Сonceptual aspects of financial relations contain a variety of scientifically based principles, features and phenomena. Numerous search options for various options (ways) to improve the efficiency of financial resources of the regional agro-industrial complex show that systematic underfunding of spheres and enterprises does not correspond to the efficient movement of these resources. Originality and practical significance of the research. The main way to improve the efficiency of financial resources of the agro-industrial complex of the region is to build an optimal system of their management. The creation of this system will allow more correctly classify the resources used and evaluate their circulation and turnover in the production processes; improve management efficiency and ensure transparency of business activity of enterprises; exercise effective control over monetary, material, labor and land resources. Conclusions of the research. The analysis of financial relations and financial resources of the agro-industrial complex more reliably characterize the financial condition of agro-industrial enterprises, assess their stability and stability. The transparency of this analysis depends not only on financial results, but also on industrial and commercial activities. Based on the analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations of finance and financial resources of the agroindustrial complex, it was determined that this problem is multifunctional, systemic in nature.

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Dimitrova Milachkova, Stanislava. "THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE FORMATION OF CONTEMPORARY BULGARIAN CULTURE IN CIVIL SOCIETY FOR RAISING THE SOCIAL ROLE OF SPECIAL SERVICES." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 6 (December 10, 2018): 2115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28062115s.

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Educational institutions play a key role in shaping a modern civil culture in society around the world, because without adequate civil education it is inconceivable to implement quality civilian control over special services. Civil education is a necessary process of learning practical knowledge and skills and shaping competencies for personal development and improvement, for structuring a democratic society, for laws, rights and responsibilities that provide opportunities for real participation in public life. Training for human rights and civil liability and duty, the position of a pupil-citizen, by adopting the principles and values that serve as the foundation and organization of democracy and the republic, the knowledge of the institutions and the laws by developing the rules in the social and political life, exercise and ability to properly justify. So they would find meaning in the individual and the collective responsibilities in their active citizenship. Civil education contributes to the development of a critical spirit, but through the exercise of arguments for reasoning and more accurate decision-making, reasoning and judgment. Through educational institutions, young citizens are prepared to conduct dialogue, debate, resolve conflicts, and embrace forms of civil communication and interaction with special services. This is a basic approach to the basic concepts - man and citizen. Within even the small city, through the education of democratic citizenship, new moral values are being built and active participation in the civil processes of the small community is taking place. The duty of adolescents to become aware of citizens' rights and obligations, norms of conduct and values in a democratic society, as well as the promotion of the role of special services in the Republic of Bulgaria, will prepare them for training and stability as active citizens of the world. Civil education forms a citizen. Civil society, as a public way of life, can function properly only on the basis of an adequate knowledge of the laws of the Republic of Bulgaria and the moral-legal will applying this knowledge in real life. Civil society is the sphere of social activity that focuses on the degree of socio-economic development of society and directly determines the state. The typing of the state has its objective basis in the typography of civil society. Each civil society is a system of human needs and means to meet them, labor, socio-economic, legal and other subject-practical and conscious-volitional relations, as well as a system of human rights organizations and various social institutions. The duty of the national education system to civil society is to build the citizen - the bearer of national self-awareness, civil culture, moral and moral-legal will. Only such a citizen will, in the course of his life, reproduce civil society in accordance with the national idea.

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Lavrushchenko, Yu O. "THE ROLE OF MARITIME TRANSPORT IN THE SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE." Economic innovations 21, no. 1(70) (March 20, 2019): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2019.21.1(70).98-105.

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Topicality. In the article the author considers problems of effective development of national sea transport from a position of globalization of economic relations and participation of the country in international division of labour. It is necessary to pay attention to the character of formation of macroeconomic and entrepreneurial results of fleet and commercial ports development.Aim and tasks. The principles of achievement of functional and economic stability of sea transport enterprises are Considered taking into account international conventions of freight independence of priority cargo flows. And also highlight one of the most important tasks for the development of the national transport system-the achievement of freight independence of foreign trade operations and the solution of commercial problems-maximizing the currency profit. The author identifies the main reason for the situation, which leads to an increase in economic losses and security problems-a violation of the principle of complexity development of the national economy.Research results. Simultaneously with the elaboration of the shipping policy it is necessary to define basic ports and choose a strategy of restructuring and institutionalization of various functional activities in the property system. The Integrated development of maritime transport means the conformity of its parameters with the main macroeconomic indicators, the extent of participation in international exchange and in-system compliance of capacities and cash flows. Maximizing synergy potential in the form of multimodal transport corridors and logistic distribution systems should fully ensure the economic security of Ukraine.Conclusion. The importance of maritime transport for normal economic, social and political stability and security of the State determines the urgency of developing an active strategy of the country as a maritime power. The state maritime transport policy should be aimed at solving two global problems: transport security of economic system and freight independence of foreign economic activity.Having analyzed the current state of navigation in Ukraine, we can conclude that the positions of national shipping companies, both public and private, are weakening every year – the volume of transportations carried out by the fleet under the Ukrainian flag is decreasing. At the same time, in Ukraine there is a problem of absence of a fleet and accordingly workplaces for marine experts. As a result, there is an outflow of qualified personnel from Ukraine to foreign shipping companies, and labor migration is one of the many aspects of the deep and all-encompassing systemic crisis in our country.

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Belokrenitsky, V. "Pakistan and the Afghan Crisis." World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 3 (2016): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-3-83-91.

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The author highlights an almost unprecedented growth of Pakistan’s population. He believes that the population census of 2011, unfinished due to some home policy reasons, gives a true picture of the demographic upsurge encompassing primarily north-western and western periphery of Pakistan. The population explosion results in the six-fold increase in less than 70 years averaging 3% annually. This phenomenon combined with ecological problems worsening in the Indus basin, which constitutes the heartland of the country, augurs not well for the future. At the present stage of globalization, Pakistan experiences the increasing out-migration of labor force, mainly to the Middle East. The rapid growth of private transfers from abroad amounting to almost a half of the export earnings can be considered an asset for the economy. The negative side of globalization is revealed in the slowing pace of industrial development due to low internal demand. Investments in the energy sector and infrastructure were lagging behind because the ruling political-cum-military circles neglected them. The author distinguishes between the upper crust of politics and its lower tier. The latter is dominated by the landed (feudal) aristocracy and tribal chiefs. Their power in the vast semi-desert areas to the west from the Indus basin is being now challenged by Islamic militants of different shades and sects. The spread of Islamists is traced to the influence of the long Afghan civil war on Pakistan. Analyzing the today’s Afghan crisis the author considers three scenarios, one of which is favorable for the present regime in Afghanistan while the other two are unfavorable envisaging the return of the Taliban to power or the actual fragmentation of Afghanistan. The last scenario foresees the talibanization of Afghanistan’s South and East, with its West and central part tilting towards Iran, North – towards Central Asia, and a generally unpredictable interplay of Islamic and counter-Islamic forces and factions throughout the country. The author refers to the economic cooperation between Pakistan and Russia as a factor, which can contribute to Pakistan’s and indirectly Afghanistan’s progress and stability.

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Арсаханова, Г. А. "The possibilities of using anti-stress technologies in the globalization of education." Management of Education, no. 3 (May 30, 2021): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/m5593-2545-8348-v.

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Возможности становления и развития образования в сфере юриспруденции позволяет говорить о том, что юрист как профессионал может быть не только ограничен юрисдикцией, в которой осуществляет свою профессиональную деятельность, но также и выступать как источник имплементации в законодательство новых правовых конструкций. В число таких относят инновации в закреплении права собственности, в области семейных и трудовых отношений, а также реализуемых положений по внешней политики в рамках самого государства. Новизна исследования определяется тем, что юридическое образование под собой понимает не только возможность осуществления юристами свой профессиональной деятельности, но также и формирование новой правовой среды, в которой протекает развитие уже национального законодательства. Авторы показывают, что возникновение юридического образования исторически обусловлено интеллектуальной мобильностью, а следовательно, может реализовываться как источник привнесения культурного компонента в текущую среду социального типа и обеспечить ее устойчивость в будущем. Практическая значимость исследования определяется тем, что возможность обеспечения межкультурного компонента прежде всего формируется на основе применения правовых конструкций в условиях соблюдения законности в обществе в целом. The possibility of formation and development of education in the field of jurisprudence suggests that a lawyer as a professional can not only be limited to the jurisdiction in which he / she carries out his / her professional activity, but also act as a source of implementation of new legal structures in the legislation. These include innovations in the consolidation of property rights, in the field of family and labor relations, as well as the provisions on foreign policy implemented within the state itself. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that legal education means not only the possibility for lawyers to carry out their professional activities, but also the formation of a new legal environment in which the development of national legislation takes place. The authors show that the emergence of legal education is historically conditioned by intellectual mobility, and therefore can be realized as a source of introducing a cultural component into the current social type environment and ensuring its stability in the future. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that the possibility of providing an intercultural component is primarily formed on the basis of the application of legal structures in conditions of compliance with the rule of law in society as a whole.

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Gołata, Elżbieta. "Labour market inequalities across disability statuses, sex and age." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 66, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5128.

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The paper analyses basic issues relating to labour market discrimination experienced by persons with disabilities, which is reflected in the different levels of employment and unemployment of this group of people in relation to the entire population. Therefore, the aim of the study is to identify the inequality in the labour market with respect to the disability status, sex and age, and to assess the stability of this relation over time. The research covers the period from 2001 to 2018 and was based on the 2002 and 2011 Census and the Labour Force Survey (LFS) data. The examination of the inequalities in economic activity between people with disabilities and the entire population while taking into account both sex and age was based on the analysis of census data. The stability of this relation was verified on the basis of LFS data, which provide information on employment and unemployment among persons with disabilities in general or separately by sex or age. The constructed patterns were used to estimate the economic activity of people with disabilities in 2011. The paper used methods of demographic analysis, comparative statistics, time series, the verification of statistical hypotheses and statistical estimation. Clear differences concern men aged 35–39 and women aged 40–49. The employment rate for men with disabilities is three times lower, and for women 2.5 times lower than among the whole population. The relationship between employment rates was essentially constant over the 2001–2018 period. An upward trend was observed in the case of the unemployment rate. 2008 saw a clear increase in the disproportion in relation to the trend. The unemployment rate among persons with disabilities compared to the entire population was higher for men by an average of 60% and by 50% for women.

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Belyaev, V. I., and O. V. Kuznecova. "SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS — THE ESSENTIAL BASIS OF EMPLOYMENT INSTITUTIONS." Economics Profession Business, no. 3 (September 13, 2021): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb202136.

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The category of employment is considered from the point of view of the theory that explains the essence of employment, and from the point of view of the practice of employment management, focused on creating the fundamental foundations for regulating the processes occurring in the labor markets. From a theoretical standpoint, employment is presented in the form of an element of a conceptual system that includes employment itself, unemployment, the labor market, which are in contradictory dialectical interactions among themselves, reflected in social and labor relations. From the point of view of practice, “employment”, “unemployment” and “labor market” are considered as a system of objects of managerial influences, interconnected in such a way that the impact on one of them causes changes in the content of other objects of the system. Such relationships are due to the emerging within the territorial entities social and labor relations. The article proposes to create employment institutions in the structure of territorial government, the methodological basis of which should be social and labor relations.

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Bilousov, Ye. "Foreign trade activity (features of doctrinal and legal support)." Law and innovative society, no. 1 (14) (July 3, 2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2309-9275-2020-1(14)-10.

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Problem setting. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the legal regulation of foreign trade interms of doctrinal and legislative approaches. The author analyzes the basic concepts of foreign trade policy, identifies itsmain components, as well as describes the tools for regulating foreign trade, including customs tariffs. Analysis of recent research and publications. Both domestic and foreign representatives of legal and economicsciences, such as Bachylo I., Zadykhailo D., Kleshchova S., Karvatska N., Sarkisyan L., Stavytsky L. and others, devotedtheir works to the study of the legal regulation of foreign trade. Article’s main body. Presenting main material. CTD is carried out, as a rule, at the level of enterprises (sometimesthey are natural persons-entrepreneurs). The initial principle of the CTD is a commercial calculation based on economicand financial independence and self-payment. CTD – the sphere of entrepreneurship in the system of international exchangeof goods, services, works, information and results of intellectual activity, related to the preparation and implementationof foreign trade operations and agreements. Cross-border trade and free economic zones are considered as special regimesof the CTD. Each country of the world in the framework of participation in foreign economic relations (both directly and throughnational entities of the CTD) pursues foreign economic policy, including in the field of foreign trade. The foreign economicpolicy of the state is the activity of the state aimed at the development and regulation of economic relations with othercountries. The implementation of foreign economic policy involves defining the strategic goals of the state in foreigneconomic relations in general and with individual countries and groups of countries, as well as developing methods andtools to achieve the goals and preserve the results achieved later. Foreign economic policy is aimed at the whole set offoreign economic activity, the hallmark of which is the international purchase and sale of goods and services, as well asthe international movement of material, monetary, labor and intellectual resources. Foreign economic policy is inextricablylinked with the domestic economic policy of the state. Therefore, its content is due to the tasks of expanded reproduction,which the country solves within its national economy. It can be argued that the main task of the foreign economic policyof the state is to create favorable external economic conditions for expanded reproduction within the country. Within theframework of the general foreign economic policy the state carries out: a) foreign trade policy – is the state regulation of export and import operations; b) export promotion policy – a policy aimed at selling in foreign markets goods for which the country has economicadvantages, stimulating the competitiveness of domestic enterprises with foreign ones, increasing the serial productionof competitive products in order to expand its exports (to foreign markets); c) the policy of regulating the import and export of capital. A characteristic feature of capital movements at the presentstage is the inclusion of an increasing number of countries in the process of export and import of capital. At the same time,most countries of the world market economy simultaneously act as exporters and importers of investments. The influenceof developed countries on the movement of capital is carried out, for example, by stimulating the export-import of capitalat the national and interstate levels; d) monetary policy – aims to maintain economic stability and create a solid foundation for the development ofinternational economic relations by influencing the exchange rate and currency exchange operations; e) customs policy is a set of measures taken to ensure the most effective use of instruments of customs control andregulation of trade in the customs territory, participation in trade and policy tasks to protect the domestic market, stimulatethe national economy; f) free trade policy – a policy of minimal government intervention in foreign trade, which develops on the basis offree market forces of supply and demand. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The formation and implementation of state policy in the studyarea involves the possibility and necessity (not absolute) of state intervention in economic processes in order to create aneffective and efficient system of foreign trade. Fulfillment of this task is possible only under the condition of strategicplanning and conceptualization of the principles of state-administrative influence, which, in fact, is the content and essenceof state economic policy in general and state policy in the field of foreign economic activity in particular. Understanding this issue and further resolving these pressing issues at the doctrinal (hereinafter – legislative) levelswill allow the state to be an active participant in foreign trade relations, and thus – to provide national participants in theserelations with potential markets for goods, works and services, to compete effectively in these foreign markets.

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35

Pulkka, Ville-Veikko. "A free lunch with robots – can a basic income stabilise the digital economy?" Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 23, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258917708704.

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The discussion on the possible implications of the digital economy for labour continues unabated. An essential dimension of the discussion is the widely shared view that a basic income could guarantee sufficient purchasing power for unemployed, underemployed and precarious workers should technological unemployment and labour market insecurity increase. A budget-neutral basic income has serious limitations as an economic stabilisation grant, but if financing proposals are revised, these limitations can be tackled. Even though guaranteeing sufficient purchasing power for unemployed, underemployed and precarious workers does not necessarily require an unconditional universal benefit, it seems clear that traditional activation based on strict means-testing and obligations will not be a strategy flexible enough to guarantee sufficient consumer demand in fluctuating labour markets. An economically sustainable solution might be to reduce means-testing gradually and to study carefully the effects.

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Kuzovleva, Natalia V., and Anna A. Samoylova. "Social guarantees are the basis of labor relations in sports." Человек. Общество. Наука 2, no. 3 (2021): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53015/2686-8172_2021_2_3_119.

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37

Blikhar, M., N. Mykhalitska, M. Veresklia, I. Komarnytska, and G. Koziar. "FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE STATE: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE STUDY OF INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CAUSES OF CRISIS PHENOMENA IN THE ECONOMY." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 2, no. 37 (April 30, 2021): 426–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v2i37.230333.

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Abstract. The article maps out the topical issue of reinforcing the financial and economic security of our country by switching from uncritical compliance with standard requirements of financial institutions affecting the provision and amount of international loans to development of own economic policy on the basis of rethinking the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of the financial and economic security of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the issue of increasing the sustainability of the financial system of Ukraine taking into consideration foreign experience and to determine the main direction of its provision with the emphasis on the priority development of the real sector of the economy. The financial security issue has become of paramount importance and relevance not only for Ukraine but for other countries as well. The study of foreign experience showed that stagflation of the 1970s provoked an erroneous neoliberal economic reaction. Policy responses were focused on deregulation of markets, in particular labour and financial markets, on the one hand, and on achieving the price stability instead of full employment on the other hand. This neoliberal «counterrevolution» created the conditions for the emergence of «financialization» or «finance-dominated capitalism» since the early 1980s first in the USA and Great Britain and then spread around the world. Over the past 30 or so years, finance began to dominate the industry, and non-financial corporations are increasingly engaged in financial rather than production activities. For instance, in Japan it resulted in the Great Recession. In Ukraine such policy has been implemented since the early 2000s under the influence of IMF requirements. As a result, the economy has lost the ability to provide a decent standard of living for the population and encouraged the labour migration and the increase of debt burden which was practically unavoidable without catastrophic consequences for state sovereignty. It is proposed to redirect the economic policy of Ukraine from spontaneous development of the «mechanism of financialization» to the creation of a mechanism for the development of real economy and effective creation of high-wage jobs complemented by the social responsibility of entrepreneurs and improving the regulatory requirements for legal regulation of public relations related to ensuring the financial security of the state. Keywords: financial security, gross external debt, liability, social responsibility, law, labour migration; employment of population, budget deficit. JEL Classification Е02, H63, K10, M14, O11 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 26.

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Abuzyarova, Nayra. "Digital Technology in Labor Relations." Legal Concept, no. 3 (October 2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2019.3.4.

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Introduction: the emergence of such freelancing as remote labor meant the beginning of the process of the flexible virtual law formation. “Cloud computing” is coming into life. There appear the concepts of “working in the cloud” only in the virtual (digital) space, so the government program “Digital economy in the Russian Federation” of July 28, 2017, No. 1632-P adopted in the framework of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 9, 2017 provided the need for the formation of a comprehensive legislative regulation of relations arising in connection with the digital economy development. At the same time, it is specifically noted that the labor market should be based on its requirements in order to create productive employment. Methods: the methodological framework for this study is the methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main ones are the methods of consistency, analysis and comparative law. Results: the paper is devoted to the existing problems of the legal regulation of digital technologies in labor relations for the expedient and empirical updating of many legal norms, from which in the future it will be possible to start, change and supplement it, adhering to a fundamental change in labor relations in order to develop non-standard and fruitful employment. Conclusions: as a result of the conducted research it is established that in the Russian Federation the labor legislation regulating the electronic legal employment relations is fragmented and does not contain all the elements of the legal regulation. There is a need for the legislation on archive business in electronic form, the widespread introduction of electronic employment contracts, which can serve as the basis for the electronic personnel records management. The labor legislation should contain the provisions on the equivalence of an electronic labor contract to a written form.

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Belkin, Vladimir, Nadezhda Belkina, and Olga Antonova. "MODERNIZATION OF LABOR RELATIONS ON THE BASIS OF LABOR DEMOCRACY AT ENTERPRISES OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES." Bulletin of South Ural State University series "Economics and management" 12, no. 1 (2018): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/em180101.

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40

Tinikashvili, T. "On State regulation of economic and labor relations." Normirovanie i oplata truda v sel'skom hozyajstve (Rationing and remuneration of labor in agriculture), no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-06-2001-02.

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The state acts as a regulator in the relations between employers and employees. In the social and labor sphere, the mechanism of public administration operates on the basis of several forms of regulation, which are combined with each other. One of the main forms is economic regulation.

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41

Goncharenko, Iryna M., та Nina A. Krakhmalova. "СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ХАКАТОН-ЕКОСИСТЕМИ ВТОРИННОЇ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ МОЛОДІ ЯК ФАКТОРА ПРОФЕСІОНАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТА СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ". Journal of Strategic Economic Research, № 6 (10 січня 2022): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2786-5398.2021.6.1.

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The article is an attempt to find new tools to boost youth motivation to secondary employment. The study notes that modern multi-vector (multi-dimensional) processes of updating the higher education system in Ukraine challenge the need for reforming higher education. The above verifies that currently, the biggest demand is primarily for competitive graduates who can independently build their own professional career trajectory, who are able to handle a large amount of information, think critically, demonstrate a high level of adaptability to permanently changing social environment and labor market demands, have developed communication skills, are able to learn throughout the life, are ready to expand management functions and are able to predict the results of their activities. The theoretical and methodological framework of this study involves systemic, structural and functional, economic and sociological and the resource-based approaches. A systemic approach was used to gain an overview and build an overall description of the researched phenomenon; structural and functional approach was applied to provide insights into the functional character of secondary employment, and the resource-based approach – to specify the opportunities for students to combine study and work. It is argued that the use of the Hackathon ecosystem enables to identify the possible outcomes of combining work and study for social and personal development of student youth along with getting better awareness of specific functions of youth secondary employment. Within the scope of this research, the following indicators were employed: the motivation behind secondary employment of student youth, performance assessment as realization of students’ expectations from employment, and the evaluation of the current job significance for mastering a future profession. A motivation hierarchy for secondary student employment has been identified where money is viewed as the key motivator whereas occupational incentives are perceived as less important. As it observed, this hierarchy demonstrates a relative stability in recent years against the falling trend for the significance of the early start of professional career for working students. In addition, the study provides a robust argument to substantiate the demarcation between pragmatics- and occupation-based incentives of student secondary employment. The findings have revealed a rather high realization level of financial expectations of many working students (as a manifestation of the key economic function of student youth employment); a certain devaluation of the work experience role for student secondary employment as their competitive advantage in the area of social and labor relations; as well as low effectiveness of the majority of working students for their further professionalization. However, the results of the study have verified critical effects of any work experience upon shaping basic work culture for this youth category. Apart from the above, the paper discusses the relevance of implementing professionalization agenda in the framework of student secondary employment as well as renders practical recommendations for its enhancement. The study results offer a number of implications to develop further theoretical positions and accumulate empirical data to promote quality assurance in vocational education and training institutions.

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42

Gordon, Theodor. "Tribal Casino Labor Relations and Settler Colonialism." Critical Gambling Studies 2, no. 2 (September 28, 2021): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cgs73.

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Sovereignty provides the legal basis for tribal casinos in the United States. However, since the industry’s rapid growth (valued at $34 billion for 2019), courts are now revisiting decades-old precedents in federal Indian law to reinterpret policies in ways that add new constraints to tribal sovereignty. Because tribal casinos often employ large numbers of non-Native Americans, tribal casino labor relations have become a new arena for contests over the boundaries of tribal sovereignty. This article investigates recent tribal casino labor relations court rulings (e.g. Little River, Soaring Eagle, and Pauma) through the lens of settler colonialism in order to understand new revisions to legal precedents. It argues that settler colonialism continues to underlie federal policies and that the growth of tribal casinos reveal that the federal government may intervene to undercut tribal sovereignty.

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43

Bortz, Jeffrey. "The Genesis of the Mexican Labor Relations System: Federal Labor Policy and the Textile Industry 1925-1940." Americas 52, no. 1 (July 1995): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008084.

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By comparison with the rest of Latin America, Mexico's post-revolutionary political stability has long fascinated historians and social scientists. One explanation for relative political peace is the comprehensive land and labor reforms President Lázaro Cárdenas implemented in the 1930s. These created a base of social support for post-revolutionary elites. In contrast, the absence of significant land reforms and the failure to devise hegemonic labor regimes in South America resulted in class stalemates, forcing elites to fall back on the militarized state. Land and labor explain the difference between Mexican stability and South American instability since 1920.

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44

Legchilina, E. Yu. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS AND PRINCIPLES OF THE SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS’ CONSTRUCTION IN LARGE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS UNDER TRANSFORMATION CONDITIONS." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 15, no. 5 (November 11, 2018): 800–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2018-5-800-811.

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Introduction.The paper deals with organizational and institutional aspects and principles of building social and labor relations of the large economic system. Such research is determined by the urgency and contradictory of scientific views by solving problems in the transformation processes of the social and labor relations in the modern economy.Materials and methods.Scientific materials of foreign and domestic scientists are used in the research. The author applies the system-axiological approach on the basis of the scientific methods’ combination, such as analytical, institutional and systemic. In addition, the concept of co-evolution is applied while considering organizational and institutional aspects of building social and labor relations.The organizational and institutional problems of designing a new system of social and labor relations during the transformation period are discussed in the paper.Conclusions.The author proposes four groups of principles, such as the principle of dynamic correspondence to value orientations of stakeholders and the goals of a large economic system, the principle of network based on institutional need, the principle of the balance of economic and social efficiency in the system of social and labor relations, the principle of flexibility and transformability of the social and labor relations’ system on the basis of co-evolution.Therefore.The results could serve as the conceptual basis for the design of the social and labor relations in large economic system, as well as the strategy for the socio-economic development of corporations.

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45

Agoshkov, A. V. "Social partnership in Russia and abroad: problems and prospects." Voprosy kul'turologii (Issues of Cultural Studies), no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-01-2202-03.

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The article on the settlement of social and labor conflicts and the formation of a culture of labor relations was prepared on the basis of a review of a series of publications “Social and labor conflicts”, prepared in the development of a research project carried out on the basis of the Scientific and Monitoring Center “Labor Conflicts” of St. Petersburg State Unitary Enterprise.

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46

SHVETS, V. O. "LEGAL REGULATION OF ENSURING STABILITY OF "LABOR LAW RELATIONS" DURING KYIV RUSSIA." Scientific Journal of Public and Private Law 2, no. 3 (2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2618-1258.2020.3-2.12.

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47

Nikitin, E. N. "Liquidation of an organization as a basis for termination of labor relations." Аграрное и земельное право, no. 11 (2020): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1329_2020_11_239.

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48

Zemlyanukhina, S. G., and N. S. Zemlyanukhina. "METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH OF THE LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT." Social@labor researches 45, no. 4 (2021): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2021-45-4-8-18.

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The article substantiates the need to apply systematic and dialectical approaches when considering the development of the labor relations system. The article provides an interpretation of the structure of the labor relations system by the phases of labor reproduction, considering the role of personal consumption in the production (formation) of labor. The authors attempt to extend their concept of the dialectic of the general and particular in the process of economic relations development to the system of labor relations and to present the structural and genetic connections of the reproduction of labor not only as carriers of continuity, heredity but also as the basis of development. The paper presents the objective development of labor relations as a change in the qualitative state of techno-labor, organizational-labor, and social-labor relations in the process of combining and functioning of production factors, which is reflected in the specifics of ownership relations for the means of production and labor. The study shows that the specifics of the labor relations system in the development process are also determined by nationalspecific and socio-cultural factors. The proposed methodology for studying the development of the system of labor relations in the unity of the systematic, and dialectical approaches may be useful for building a logical structure of the course in labor economics, including the study of labor relations at all stages of labor reproduction.

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Lomakina, Lyubov A. "The ratio of private and public beginnings in Labor Law." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 11 (2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520017464-1.

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The article highlights some issues of solving the priority tasks of labor legislation, coordination of the interests of the parties to labor relations, the interests of the state, which are determined by the principles of legal regulation of labor relations. Principles, as a legal category, form the basis for regulating any branch of law, including labor law, and determine the direction of development of the branch of law. One of these principles is the principle of combining private and public interests, which is reflected in Labor Law as the principle of combining state and contractual regulation of labor relations, it is aimed at balancing the various interests of the parties to the labor contract and the state.

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Pyatkova, O. N. "CHANGE MANAGEMENT: METHODOLOGY OF INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS." Economics Profession Business, no. 3 (September 13, 2021): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb202142.

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Economic growth unambiguously presupposes the development of enterprises based on the introduction of new technologies that require changes in the forms of organization of labor, its content. This inevitably entails staff resistance to the implementation of changes. Known techniques solve this problem, but they cannot be called effective and efficient. The reason is that when influencing personnel, they are guided mainly by the labor behavior of employees. Resistance of personnel, expressed in the opportunistic behavior of employees in the performance of new job duties, new labor procedures, solving old tasks with new methods and means. But the reason for the resistance goes deeper. It lies in the content and structure of social and labor relations. In the article, this the problem is considered through the prism of the institutional structure of social and labor relations, which are the essential basis of labor. A method of transforming them before introducing changes in order to reduce the potential of workers’ resistance is also proposed.

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