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Статті в журналах з теми "Basement"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 14 березня 2023

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1

Ngoc, Nguyen Huy, Sahalan B. Aziz, and Nguyen Anh Duc. "The application of seismic attributes for reservoir characterization in Pre-Tertiary fractured basement, Vietnam-Malaysia offshore." Interpretation 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): SA57—SA66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2013-0081.1.

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The Pre-Tertiary fractured basement forms important hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs in the Vietnam-Malaysia offshore area, and is being produced from such reservoirs in Vietnam where the authors have extensive working experiences for both clastics and fractured basement reservoirs and in both exploration and development phases. Due to their very small matrix porosity, the basement rocks become reservoirs only when they are strongly fractured. The quality of the fractured basement reservoirs depends on basement rock type, fracture density, and fracture characteristics including aperture, azimuth, dip, continuity, and fracture system intersection. Three-dimensional seismic data is applied widely to characterize these basement reservoirs. Based on results from applying many different seismic attributes to 3D seismic data from different Pre-Tertiary fractured basements in Vietnam and Malaysia, we demonstrate the utility of attributes in characterizing fractured basement reservoirs. Seismic attributes help predict the basement rock type and fracture characteristics from near top basement to deep inside basement. In the zone near the top of basement, the characteristics of fracture systems can be predicted by amplitude, coherence, curvature, and secondary derivative attributes. Deep inside the basement, relative acoustic impedance and its attributes have been successfully applied to predict the distribution of high fracture density, while dip and azimuth, ant-tracking, and gradient magnitude attributes have proven to be effective for predicting fracture characteristics. The accuracy of fracture characterization based on seismic attributes has been verified by drilling results.

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2

Stebbings, J. H., J. J. Dignam, M. A. Reilly, T. M. Gerusky, T. T. Hartman, and G. A. Anast. "House Characteristics Associated with Gamma Radiation and Radon Daughter Working Levels in Eastern Pennsylvania." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 24, no. 1-4 (August 1, 1988): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a080310.

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Abstract Working levels (WL) of radon daughters and ? measurements in basements are described for ~1200 houses near the Reading Prong. House variables included condition and construction materials of basement floors and walls, basement heights and areas, heating systems, air conditioning, water supply, and presence of drains and sump pumps. WLs were poorly predicted by house characteristics or ? measurements, while ? levels were well predicted by house characteristics and WL. Factors predicting high ? levels tended to be associated with low WLs and vice versa. Dirt basement floors and fieldstone basement walls were strongly associated with high ? levels, as were poor wall conditions in multivariate analyses. Gamma levels were low in electrically heated homes. High WLs were strongly associated with electric heat, low WLs with basement walls of fieldstone and/or in poor condition. Large house volumes and well water supply were also associated with higher WLs.

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3

Hamburg, Anti, and Targo Kalamees. "The influence of heat loss from pipes in an unheated basement on the heating energy consumption of an entire typical apartment building." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 12005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017212005.

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The majority of old apartment buildings were designed with an unheated basement. Building service systems such as district heating heat exchangers and pipes for domestic hot water and for space heating are usually located in this unheated basement. In addition, these locations are connected with shafts. All these pipe’s heat losses increase air temperature in the basement. If these losses are included into the building energy balance, then they decrease heat loss through the basement ceiling. The basement’s heat balance is also dependent on heat loss from the basement envelope and outdoor air exchange in the basement. In early stages of design, designers and energy auditors need rough models to make decisions in limited information conditions. Once the effects of heat losses from pipes become apparent, they need to be factored into the buildings energy balance, and their effects on heat loss through the basement ceiling needs to be calculated. In this paper we analyse the effect these heat losses have on the service system’s heat gains and heat loss through an uninsulated basement ceiling at different basement insulation levels and with different thicknesses of pipe insulation. From our study we found that pipe losses in the basement increase the building energy performance value by at least 4 kWh/(m²∙a) and their impact on a renovated apartment building is very important.

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4

Alomari, J. A. "Effect of the Presence of Basements on the Vibration Period and Other Seismic Responses of R.C. Frames." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 5 (October 9, 2019): 4712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3005.

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The soil-structure interaction (SSI) of R. C. building frames including basements below ground level has been the subject of extended research, mostly in the form of theoretical dynamic analysis. There are different issues concerned with this type of work, as e.g. the location of the base of the structure. Usually, the base of the structure in dynamic analysis or according to the codes is the level at which the lateral displacement is zero. According to this definition, and with the presence of basement floors and the soil mass below, the ground level may not be the base of the structure. The soil stiffness around basement walls has a great effect on the lateral displacement of the basement floor. Another issue is the effect of the presence of the basement floors on the dynamic behavior of the structure. A third issue is the effect of the soil around the basement walls and the soil mass below the foundation in general, which is known as the SSI. In this paper, 3-dimensional regular building frames subjected to seismic loading are analyzed using SAP2000 software. The first frame is a 5-floor, 3-D frame without including the soil mass below the raft foundation and without a basement floor. The second frame is the same frame with a basement floor and with consideration of the soil mass below the raft foundation and around the walls of the basement floor. The third frame is the same frame with consideration of the soil mass below the raft foundation but without the basement floor. Results of the seismic time history analysis and UBC97 response spectrum analysis are presented and discussed.

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5

Martins, Cristiano M., Williams A. Lima, Valeria C. Barbosa, and João B. Silva. "Total variation regularization for depth-to-basement estimate: Part 1 — Mathematical details and applications." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 1 (January 2011): I1—I12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3524286.

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We have developed an inversion approach that estimates the basement relief of a fault-bounded sedimentary basin. The sedimentary pack is approximated by a grid of 3D or 2D vertical prisms juxtaposed in the horizontal directions of a right-handed coordinate system. The prisms’ thicknesses represent the depths to the basement and are the parameters to be estimated from the gravity data. To obtain depth-to-basement estimates, we introduce the total variation (TV) regularization as a stabilizing function. This approach lets us estimate a nonsmooth basement relief because it does not penalize sharp features of the solution. We have deduced a compact matrix form of the gradient vector and the Hessian matrix of the approximation to the TV function that allows a regularized Gauss-Newton minimization approach. Because the Hessian matrix of the approximation to the TV function is ill conditioned, we have modified this Hessian matrix to improve its condition and to accelerate the convergence of the Gauss-Newton algorithm. Tests conducted with synthetic data show that the inversion method can delineate discontinuous basements presenting large slips or sequences of small-slip step faults. Tests on field data from the Almada Basin, Brazil, and from the San Jacinto Graben, California, U.S.A., confirm the potential of the method in detecting and locating in-depth normal faults in the basement relief of a sedimentary basin.

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6

Kastens, Kim. "Basement Dating." Science News 129, no. 20 (May 17, 1986): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3970510.

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7

Jayadev, Ranjay, and David R. Sherwood. "Basement membranes." Current Biology 27, no. 6 (March 2017): R207—R211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.006.

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8

Price, R. G. "Basement membranes." FEBS Letters 210, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(87)81312-1.

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9

Kleinman, Hynda. "Basement Membranes." Advances in Dental Research 9, no. 3_suppl (November 1995): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895937495009003s1801.

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10

Timmins, Nick. "Budget basement." British Journal of Healthcare Management 15, no. 5 (May 2009): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2009.15.5.42111.

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11

Woodrow, D. F. "Basement membranes." Cell Biochemistry and Function 5, no. 4 (October 1987): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290050411.

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12

BÜYÜKSARAÇ, Aydın, and Muhammed Fatih KULUÖZTÜRK. "Measurement of Indoor Seasonal and Regional Radon (222Rn) Gas Activity in Çanakkale (Turkey)." Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 911–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1140727.

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Radon gas, which undergoes radioactive decay, can cause damage to the lung tissue and lung cancer over time in indoor environments where it is inhaled. Radon gas radioactivity concentrations were measured using CR-39 passive solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) in the basement and ground floor simultaneously in summer and winter periods in 17 dwellings in Çanakkale (Turkey). Accordingly, an average of 163.67 Bq.m-3 in basements in summer, 63.26 Bq.m-3 in ground floors in summer, 148.73 Bq.m-3 in basements in winter, and 77.57 Bq.m-3 in ground floors in winter. In addition, annual effective dose (AEDE) values and lifetime cancer risk (ECLR) parameters were calculated using radon activity concentrations. Accordingly, the basement and mean AEDE values in the summer period were found to be 4.52 mSv.y-1 and 1.59 mSv.y-1, respectively. In winter, it was found as 3.75 mSv.y-1 and 1.95 mSv.y-1.

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13

Cooper, Rachel, Jack Firth, and Simon Nevill. "Digging deep: design and construction of The Londoner hotel." Structural Engineer 100, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/uvou9740.

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Located in the heart of London's West End, The Londoner is a major new hotel on the world-renowned Leicester Square. The development is situated on a constrained site, bounded on all sides by roads. Planning restrictions limited the height of the building, leading to the development having one of the deepest habitable-grade basements in the world. The basement extends to over 30m deep, with six levels, meaning nearly half of the building's floor area is located below ground. This article provides an overview of the key design and construction considerations associated with building such a deep basement within the heart of London.

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14

Buckingham, Michael J. "On plane-wave reflection from a two-layer marine sediment: A surficial layer with linear sound speed profile overlying an iso-speed basement." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 1 (January 2023): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016860.

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An analysis of plane wave reflection is developed for a two-layer sediment, the top layer consisting of a fine-grained material (mud) with an upward refracting linear sound speed profile. Beneath is a homogeneous basement, and above is homogeneous seawater. A rather curious, exact analytical expression for the reflection coefficient is derived, involving easy to evaluate integrals over finite limits, of the modified Bessel functions of low-integer order. The expression is generally valid for any linear profile with positive gradient in the surficial mud layer and for any sound speed in the basement, either greater than or less than that in the seawater. For “fast” basements, a critical angle always exists that is independent of the sound speed in the mud layer. With a “slow” basement, a quasi-angle of intromission may exist, which depends only weakly on both frequency and the gradient of the profile in the mud, a conclusion that may be relevant to the conditions of the Seabed Characterization Experiment (2017) performed over the New England Mud Patch. With both types of basement, fast and slow, the reflection coefficient, as a function of grazing angle, exhibits fluctuations that are strongly frequency dependent, associated with resonances and anti-resonances in the mud layer.

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15

Nguyen, Huong Mai Thi, and Trương Tích Thiện. "Simulation of Naturally Ventilated Underground Car Park with CFD." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 3, SI3 (November 22, 2020): SI22—SI28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v3isi3.686.

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Nowadays, the speed of urbanization is increasing rapidly, so the urban land area is fully utilized to build high-rise buildings, apartments, and commercial centers, and thus, the car tunnel parking and basement parking basements also become more popular. However, apartment fire and explosion, especially car fire and explosion is an extremely important issue that must be concerned in construction design. Therefore, it is essential to design an effective ventilation system in the parking basement when a fire occurs an effective ventilation system for the tunnel is really necessary for basement firefighting. When building up the car park, the importance is not only a reasonable architecture but also the ventilation and air quality of the tunnel because it directly affects human health. Decades ago, scientists had studied the solution to ventilate the car park. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is also applied to determine the pressure and velocity intensity for buildings that detect residuals in architecture, thereby improving and providing a superior solution. More for this problem. Many studies related to this issue have been published internationally. Jiang (Jiang, Allocca, & Chen, 2004) also investigated natural ventilation by using Reynolds Averaged Navier - Stokes turbulence model (RANS). Khalil (Khalil, Shoukry, H.A, & Harridy, 2015) also examined the distribution of CO emissions from buses in a basement in Cairo using ANSYS FLUENT software.The basement car park is a popular solution to effectively use urban land, especially in commercial centers and apartments. However, the situation of apartment fire and explosion is a hot problem, partly due to the tunnel ventilation has not met the requirements of fire safety. Therefore, the design of the car park basement ensures fire safety as well as bring comfort to people. In this study, the problem of basement temperature and wind velocity by natural ventilation method will be analyzed and evaluated in accordance with ADPI standard and Carbon monoxide concentration with WHO standard to identify areas of unsatisfactory temperature and velocity to reasonably adjust and propose other suitable ventilation options.

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16

Anajafi, Hamidreza, and Ricardo A. Medina. "Lessons Learned from Evaluating the Responses of Instrumented Buildings in the United States: The Effects of Supporting Building Characteristics on Floor Response Spectra." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 1 (February 2019): 159–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/081017eqs159m.

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Floor spectra of many instrumented buildings are evaluated to identify and quantify influential parameters on the horizontal seismic responses of acceleration-sensitive nonstructural components (NSCs). It is shown that many of these parameters are not explicitly incorporated into the American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE 7-16 design equations and are challenging to capture through numerical building models. Significant torsional responses are identified, even for nominally regular buildings, which can increase seismic demands on NSCs located at a floor periphery. For many instrumented buildings, especially single-story ones, floor diaphragms behave as flexible in their plane. This behavior, while mitigating torsional responses, can increase demands on NSCs located away from elements of the lateral-force resisting systems. An evaluation of floor acceleration responses of instrumented buildings with basements reveals that in many cases, even with the presence of perimeter concrete basement walls, accelerations at grade level could be significantly larger than those at lower basement levels. Consideration should be given to establishing the seismic base at the lowermost basement elevation.

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17

ARRAGONI, S., L. P. FERNÁNDEZ, A. CUESTA, M. MAGGI, P. CIANFARRA, and F. SALVINI. "Origin of exotic clasts in the Central-Southern Apennines: clues to the Cenozoic fold-and-thrust collisional belt in the Central Mediterranean area." Geological Magazine 155, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 479–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756817000930.

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AbstractThe Central-Southern Apennines are the result of the collision between Europe and Africa. Despite the volume of existing literature, many problems remain unsolved such as the presence of Tertiary conglomerates containing exotic basement clasts. The lack of basement rocks in the Central-Southern Apennines implies that the origin of these clasts has to be sought in areas where the basement is extensively exposed. These include the Calabro–Peloritani arc and the Sardinia–Corsica block, which in Cenozoic time were connected to the Central-Southern Apennines. In this work we present the results of sedimentary, geochemical and petrographic analyses performed on the exotic basement-derived clasts. These analyses include lithological, major- and minor-element and rare Earth element compositions which are compared to analogous rocks from Calabria and Sardinia basements. Results indicate Eastern Sardinia as the primary source area for the studied conglomeratic units, linking the Central-Southern Apennines sedimentary cover to the Mesozoic carbonates of Eastern Sardinia prior to the opening of Tyrrhenian Sea. The Cilento unit (Campania) was directly fed by an uplifting Cenozoic orogen, and the Filettino, Gavignano (Latium) and Ariano Irpino (Campania) units were produced by the successive reworking of ‘Cilento-like’ sedimentary units. These results may imply that part of the Central-Southern Apennines represented a portion of the European margin of the Tethys.

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18

Nhu, Ha Viet, Binh Van Duong, Tuan Anh Vo, and Kien Tran Pham. "Using numerical modeling method for design and constructive controlling of excavation wall in Madison Building, Ho Chi Minh city." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2020.61(3).03.

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The basement of a high-rise building is the optimal space for technical systems and parking. However, the construction in narrow urban areas usually has many unstable hazards. In this study, a numerical model has been established and calibrated using the finite element method on Plaxis 2D software that allowed well control of the design and construction processes of the Madison Building basement. The model covers all structural elements and complex engineering geology conditions. Displacements of the excavation wall and surrounding ground base subsidence were analyzed corresponding to the constructive phases of three basements. The analysis results of the numerical model were consistent with the actual construction process that is useful for design and constructive controlling of the excavation wall.

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19

Quang Minh, Ta, Nguyen Danh Lam, Duong Hung Cuong, Pham Van Tuyen, Mai Thi Lua, and Pham The Hoang Ha. "Diffraction imaging for basement fault-fracture prediction: Application to an oil field in Cuu Long basin." Petrovietnam Journal 10 (October 30, 2020): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47800/pvj.2020.10-01.

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Improvement to the image of fractured granite basements is among the most sought-after goals for processing seismic data in Cuu Long basin, the most proliferous petroleum basin. Unlike a clear layering structure of the sediment, fuzzy images of the granite basement are often the source of confusion for interpreters to identify which structures are presented inside it. In such a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment, extracting geological information such as fault systems and fracture becomes challenging. In this study, diffraction imaging is employed in an effort to identify and enhance the fault system inside the basement. The comparison of the study result with various standard post-stack attribute approaches shows the effectiveness of the diffraction imaging method.

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20

Quang Minh, Ta, Nguyen Danh Lam, Duong Hung Cuong, Pham Van Tuyen, Mai Thi Lua, and Pham The Hoang Ha. "Diffraction imaging for basement fault-fracture prediction: Application to an oil field in Cuu Long basin." Petrovietnam Journal 10 (November 2, 2020): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47800/pvj.y2020v10-01.

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Improvement to the image of fractured granite basements is among the most sought-after goals for processing seismic data in Cuu Long basin, the most proliferous petroleum basin. Unlike a clear layering structure of the sediment, fuzzy images of the granite basement are often the source of confusion for interpreters to identify which structures are presented inside it. In such a low signal to noise ration (SNR) environment, extracting geological information such as fault systems and fracture becomes challenging. In this study, diffraction imaging is employed in an effort to identify and enhance the fault system inside the basement. The comparison of the study result with various standard post-stack attribute approaches shows the effectiveness of the diffraction imaging method.

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21

Culik, Nora. "The Physicist's Basement." Journal of Humanistic Mathematics 4, no. 2 (July 2014): [140]—145. http://dx.doi.org/10.5642/jhummath.201402.17.

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22

LAURIE, G. W., and C. P. LEBLOND. "Basement membrane nomenclature." Nature 313, no. 6000 (January 1985): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/313272b0.

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23

Stephen Oliver. "The World's Basement." Antipodes 27, no. 2 (2013): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/antipodes.27.2.0156.

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24

Henshell, Justin, W. Rossiter, T. Wallace, and S. W. Dean. "Remediating Basement Leaks." Journal of ASTM International 4, no. 10 (2007): 100950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai100950.

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25

Pande, Chetna K., Justin Berk, Mandeep S. Jassal, Reza Manesh, and Andrew P. J. Olson. "The Basement Flight." Journal of Hospital Medicine 14, no. 1 (January 2019): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12788/jhm.3096.

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26

Weber, Manfred. "Basement membrane proteins." Kidney International 41, no. 3 (March 1992): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.1992.95.

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27

Noble, Derek J. "Bargain-basement boxes." Electronic Systems News 1988, no. 3 (1988): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/esn.1988.0053.

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28

Gunwar, Sripad, Fernando Ballester, Milton E. Noelken, Yoshikazu Sado, Yoshifumi Ninomiya, and Billy G. Hudson. "Glomerular Basement Membrane." Journal of Biological Chemistry 273, no. 15 (April 10, 1998): 8767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.15.8767.

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29

Ray, Marilyn C., and Leonard E. Gately. "Basement membrane zone." Clinics in Dermatology 14, no. 4 (July 1996): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-081x(96)00061-2.

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30

Stepanyuk, L. M., V. L. Prykhod’ko, S. I. Kurylo, T. I. Dovbush, and I. M. Kotvits’ka. ""BASEMENT" OF KYIV." Visnik Nacional'noi' academii' nauk Ukrai'ni, no. 02 (February 20, 2017): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/visn2017.02.054.

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31

Kondo, Kazuo, and Hiroshige Itakura. "Basement of Hyperlipidemia." Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 51, no. 2 (1993): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.51.61.

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32

Li, A. C. Y. "Basement membrane components." Journal of Clinical Pathology 56, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 885–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.56.12.885.

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33

Eady, Robin A. J. "The Basement Membrane." Archives of Dermatology 124, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1988.01670050053021.

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34

Bosman, Fred T., Jack Cleutjens, Cor Beek, and Michael Havenith. "Basement membrane heterogeneity." Histochemical Journal 21, no. 11 (November 1989): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01002481.

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35

Nishi, S., M. Ueno, R. Karasawa, S. Kawashima, H. In, H. Hayashi, N. Saito, et al. "Morphometric study of glomerular basement membrane and proximal tubular basement membrane in adult thin basement membrane disease." Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 3, no. 4 (December 20, 1999): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101570050049.

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36

Cavalieri, Francesco, António A. Correia, and Rui Pinho. "On the Applicability of Transfer Function Models for SSI Embedment Effects." Infrastructures 6, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6100137.

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Soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects are typically neglected for relatively lightweight buildings that are less than two-three storeys high with a limited footprint area and resting on shallow foundations (i.e., not featuring a basement). However, when the above conditions are not satisfied, and in particular when large basements are present, important kinematic SSI may develop, causing the foundation-level motion to deviate from the free-field one due to embedment effects. In the literature, transfer function models that estimate the filtering effect induced by rigid massless embedded foundations are available to “transform” foundation-level recordings into free-field ones, and vice-versa. This work describes therefore a numerical study aimed at assessing potential limits of the applicability of such transfer functions through the employment of a 3D nonlinear soil-block model representing a layered soil, recently developed and validated by the authors, and featuring on top a large heavy building with basement. A number of finite element site response analyses were carried out for different seismic input signals, soil profiles and embedment depths of the building’s basement. The numerically obtained transfer functions were compared with the curves derived using two analytical models. It was observed that the latter are able to reliably predict the embedment effects in “idealised” soil/input conditions under which they have been developed. However, in real conditions, namely when a non-homogeneous profile with nonlinear behaviour under a given seismic excitation is considered, especially in presence of a basement that is more than one storey high, they may fail in capturing some features, such as the frequency-dependent amplification of the motion at the basement level of a building with respect to the free-field one.

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37

Peshkov, Georgy Alexandrovich, Evgeny Mikhailovich Chekhonin, and Dimitri Vladilenovich Pissarenko. "Estimation of the Impact of Basement Heterogeneity on Thermal History Reconstruction: The Western Siberian Basin." Minerals 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12010097.

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Some of the simplifying assumptions frequently used in basin modelling may adversely impact the quality of the constructed models. One such common assumption consists of using a laterally homogeneous crustal basement, despite the fact that lateral variations in its properties may significantly affect the thermal evolution of the model. We propose a new method for the express evaluation of the impact of the basement’s heterogeneity on thermal history reconstruction and on the assessment of maturity of the source rock. The proposed method is based on reduced-rank inversion, aimed at a simultaneous reconstruction of the petrophysical properties of the heterogeneous basement and of its geometry. The method uses structural information taken from geological maps of the basement and gravity anomaly data. We applied our method to a data collection from Western Siberia and carried out a two-dimensional reconstruction of the evolution of the basin and of the lithosphere. We performed a sensitivity analysis of the reconstructed basin model to assess the effect of uncertainties in the basement’s density and its thermal conductivity for the model’s predictions. The proposed method can be used as an express evaluation tool to assess the necessity and relevance of laterally heterogeneous parametrisations prior to a costly three-dimensional full-rank basin modelling. The method is generally applicable to extensional basins except for salt tectonic provinces.

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38

Olawuyi, A. K., and M. A. Bawallah. "Integrated geophysical methods and techniques for studying the perennial springs in Ikanje- Share, Kwara State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 30, no. 1 (August 25, 2022): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v30i1.10.

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An integrated magnetic, self-potential (S.P.) and electrical resistivity survey involving magnetic profiling and 1D Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) electrical imaging techniques were carried out in the transition environment between the Nupe Basin and Southwestern Nigeria Basement Complex at Ikanje-Share in Kwara State, Nigeria. The Ikanje-Share perennial springs started gaining a lot of attention after many travelers and tertiary institutions in Nigeria made it a good choice for their fieldwork exercise. The surveys were done in order to delineate the subsurface layers, determine the geoelectrical characteristics and identify geological structures (e.g., faults and fractures) that are responsible for the perennial spring formation. The magnetic profiling was used as reconnaissance technique to identify lineament features that are favourable to groundwater accumulation and transmission. Some magnetic lineaments were qualitatively inferred from some profiles in the study area. The fault locations coincide with inflection points in S.P. curves and occur as horizontal and consistent planes of discontinuities at depths of approximately 1.25, 4.25, 8.75, 13.15 and 21.25 m, respectively. The VES interpretation results indicated four to five major geologic units, which include: the topsoil/clay/lateritic layer, the lateritic layer, the weathered basement, the weathered/fractured basement and the fresh bedrock. The weathered and fractured basements constitute the main aquifer units and the overburden thickness varies from 5.0 to 16.8 m. The study has shown the usefulness of integrated geophysical methods and techniques in subsurface structural and groundwater development study over the perennial springs in the transition environment between the Nupe Basin and the Southwestern Nigeria Basement complex.

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39

Bao, Nguyen Huu. "Optimizing Basement Construction Methods." International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) 1, no. 3 (December 26, 2021): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v1i3.62.

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The underground part of SSG TOWER includes 4 basements, 4 basements at a height of -13.2m. Combined with the construction of 3m deep foundation, therefore, the minimum excavation depth is required to -16.2m. Due to the construction work in residential area, relatively ground, with large excavation depth and geology of the interaction area (clay layer up to 30m), the options for using diaphragm wall with drilled piles Small area, Laser piles or solier piles to make retaining walls during construction do not have that feature, so the author chooses the option of using reinforced concrete barrette walls for retaining walls during construction and as tunnel walls for this project. The semi-topdown construction method was chosen to ensure safety during construction because the excavation depth of the work is quite large and the geology of this area is quite weak. This measure completely solves the strut system because using the floor structure of the building to support this system has high stability. Limiting the influence of settlement, cracking, and slippage to neighboring works a lot. Fast construction but in return for high technical requirements, high construction costs. Choose diaphragm wall thickness of 1.0m, base depth of 46.6m including standard barrete panels. The author uses 2D Plaxis simulation to calculate ground stability, stress and displacement, moment, and shear force generated in diaphragm wall during basement construction. The author analyzes using the optimization algorithm to compare and find the suitable solution.

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40

Pressnail, K. D., and J. Timusk. "Adfreezing of insulated residential basements: an hypothesis." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 5 (October 1, 1987): 708–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-102.

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Concern has been expressed that recent increases in thermal insulation levels of residential basements in areas of seasonal frost may increase the risk of damage to foundations due to frost heave and adfreezing of the soil to the foundation wall. An hypothesis is presented which states that the adfreezing bond strength is affected by the direction of soil moisture movement in response to thermal gradients. This hypothesis may be used to explain why there have been no reported adfreezing problems associated with heated, insulated residential basements. Key words: adfreezing, basement, frost heave, insulation, moisture.

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41

Levenko, G. M. "DETERMINATION OF THE MAIN DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR SOIL CHEMICAL STABILIZATION." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 49 (October 17, 2017): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2017.49.828.

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When designing or reconstructing buildings and structures on the swelling soils, it is necessary to be particularly concerned about the pattern of these soils behavior in order to subsequently be able to predict the behavior of the ‘basement – foundation – building’ system. The most effective way to stabilize soil behavior of the basement contaminated with industrial effluents is injection methods used for stabilization. The main task of soil chemical stabilization is to strengthen the bonds between soil particles with the help of chemical reagents. As a result of the research, the design parameters for foundations stabilization of soils composed contaminated with peroxy acid were determined. Depending on the concentration of peroxy acid in the soil and the density of the used sodium silicate solution, the limiting values initial components volume ratios were determined to carry out qualitative and reliable soil stabilization for the basements.

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42

Koning, Tako. "Exploring in Asia, Africa and the Americas for oil & gas in naturally fractured basement reservoirs: best practices & lessons learned." Georesursy 21, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2019.4.10-18.

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Basement rocks are important oil and gas reservoirs in a number of basins in the world. The basement oil and gas play has intensified in the past decade with significant basement discoveries. This paper provides a technical review of select basement oil and gas fields in Asia, Africa and the Americas. “Best practices” for exploring and developing basement fields are reviewed. Failures are also considered since basement reservoirs can be very complicated and unpredictable. Preference scale for basement reservoir rock types is presented. The opinion of this author is that the best rock types are fractured quartzites or granites since they are brittle and thus fracture optimally. Based on international experience, recommendations on the study of crystalline basement for oil and gas and the development of deposits in it are given.

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43

Jung, Chi Young, Sun-Jae Lee, Min-Kyung Kim, Dong Jik Ahn, and In Hee Lee. "Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease associated with thin basement membrane nephropathy." Medicine 100, no. 20 (May 21, 2021): e26095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000026095.

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44

Pastor-Pareja, José C. "Atypical basement membranes and basement membrane diversity – what is normal anyway?" Journal of Cell Science 133, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): jcs241794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.241794.

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45

KOYI, HEMIN, FARAMARZ NILFOUROUSHAN, and KHALED HESSAMI. "Modelling role of basement block rotation and strike-slip faulting on structural pattern in cover units of fold-and-thrust belts." Geological Magazine 153, no. 5-6 (July 29, 2016): 827–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816000595.

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AbstractA series of scaled analogue models are used to study (de)coupling between basement and cover deformation. Rigid basal blocks were rotated about a vertical axis in a ‘bookshelf’ fashion, which caused strike-slip faulting along the blocks and in the overlying cover units of loose sand. Three different combinations of cover–basement deformations are modelled: (i) cover shortening before basement fault movement; (ii) basement fault movement before cover shortening; and (iii) simultaneous cover shortening with basement fault movement. Results show that the effect of the basement faults depends on the timing of their reactivation. Pre- and syn-orogenic basement fault movements have a significant impact on the structural pattern of the cover units, whereas post-orogenic basement fault movement has less influence on the thickened hinterland of the overlying belt. The interaction of basement faulting and cover shortening results in the formation of rhombic structures. In models with pre- and syn-orogenic basement strike-slip faults, rhombic blocks develop as a result of shortening of the overlying cover during basement faulting. These rhombic blocks are similar in appearance to flower structures, but are different in kinematics, genesis and structural extent. We compare these model results to both the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt in southwestern Iran and the Alborz Mountains in northern Iran. Based on the model results, we conclude that the traces of basement faults in cover units rotate and migrate towards the foreland during regional shortening. As such, these traces do not necessarily indicate the actual location or orientation of the basement faults which created them.

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46

Gusti, Ugi Kurnia, and Angus Ferguson. "Characterization Of Naturally Fractured Basement Reservoir And Its Play Concept, South Pattani Basin, Gulf Of Thailand." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 73, no. 1 (May 23, 2022): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm73202209.

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Structural development and complex basin forming mechanism in Pattani Basin may have formed naturally fractured basement reservoirs. The basement of the South Pattani Basin is poorly understood, as a result of low seismic resolution in its deeper part and lack of wells that reach the basement. Hence, seismic interpretation may improve the understanding of South Pattani Basin basement fracture systems. This paper aims to investigate the geological and seismic characteristics of the fractured basement reservoir, identify the relation between basin evolution and fracture network and development, and proposed a play concept for naturally fractured basement reservoir. Seismic attributes exhibit prominent N-S fault and fracture trends in the study area. Three basement high areas revealed that open fractures distribution identified using seismic ant-tracking technology has good correlation with regional maximum horizontal stress direction (N-S), but the intra-basement (central) area exhibits strong alignment with pre-existing fabrics (NW-SE). Open fracture networks in Zone A and B developed around major fault swarm features. Integrated qualitative and quantitative seismic analysis suggests that the three basement high areas have the potential for fractured basement reservoirs, with a complex fracture configuration and development due to poly-phase deformations.

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47

Egorov, Alexey S., Oleg M. Prischepa, Yury V. Nefedov, Vladimir A. Kontorovich, and Ilya Y. Vinokurov. "Deep Structure, Tectonics and Petroleum Potential of the Western Sector of the Russian Arctic." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030258.

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The evolutionary-genetic method, whereby modern sedimentary basins are interpreted as end-products of a long geological evolution of a system of conjugate palaeo-basins, enables the assessment of the petroleum potential of the Western sector of the Russian Arctic. Modern basins in this region contain relics of palaeo-basins of a certain tectonotype formed in varying geodynamic regimes. Petroleum potential estimates of the Western Arctic vary broadly—from 34.7 to more than 100 billion tons of oil equivalent with the share of liquid hydrocarbons from 5.3 to 13.4 billion tons of oil equivalent. At each stage of the development of palaeo-basins, favourable geological, geochemical and thermobaric conditions have emerged and determined the processes of oil and gas formation, migration, accumulation, and subsequent redistribution between different complexes. The most recent stage of basin formation is of crucial importance for the modern distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations. The primary evolutionary-genetic sequence associated with the oil and gas formation regime of a certain type is crucial for the assessment of petroleum potential. Tectonic schemes of individual crustal layers of the Western sector of the Russian Arctic have been compiled based on the interpretation of several seismic data sets. These schemes are accompanied by cross-sections of the Earth’s crust alongside reference geophysical profiles (geo-traverses). A tectonic scheme of the consolidated basement shows the location and nature of tectonic boundaries of cratons and platform plates with Grenvillian basement as well as Baikalian, Caledonian, Hercynian, and Early Cimmerian fold areas. Four groups of sedimentary basins are distinguished on the tectonic scheme of the platform cover according to the age of its formation: (1) Riphean-Mesozoic on the Early Precambrian basement; (2) Paleozoic-Cenozoic on the Baikalian and Grenvillian basements; (3) Late Paleozoic-Cenozoic on the Caledonian basement; (4) Mesozoic-Cenozoic, overlying a consolidated basement of different ages. Fragments of reference sections along geo-traverses illustrate features of the deep structure of the main geo-structures of the Arctic shelf and continental regions of polar Russia.

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48

Hagedorn, Elliott J., Joshua W. Ziel, Meghan A. Morrissey, Lara M. Linden, Zheng Wang, Qiuyi Chi, Sam A. Johnson, and David R. Sherwood. "The netrin receptor DCC focuses invadopodia-driven basement membrane transmigration in vivo." Journal of Cell Biology 201, no. 6 (June 10, 2013): 903–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201301091.

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Though critical to normal development and cancer metastasis, how cells traverse basement membranes is poorly understood. A central impediment has been the challenge of visualizing invasive cell interactions with basement membrane in vivo. By developing live-cell imaging methods to follow anchor cell (AC) invasion in Caenorhabditis elegans, we identify F-actin–based invadopodia that breach basement membrane. When an invadopodium penetrates basement membrane, it rapidly transitions into a stable invasive process that expands the breach and crosses into the vulval tissue. We find that the netrin receptor UNC-40 (DCC) specifically enriches at the site of basement membrane breach and that activation by UNC-6 (netrin) directs focused F-actin formation, generating the invasive protrusion and the cessation of invadopodia. Using optical highlighting of basement membrane components, we further demonstrate that rather than relying solely on proteolytic dissolution, the AC’s protrusion physically displaces basement membrane. These studies reveal an UNC-40–mediated morphogenetic transition at the cell–basement membrane interface that directs invading cells across basement membrane barriers.

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49

Ng, Charles W. W., Jiangwei Shi, and Yi Hong. "Three-dimensional centrifuge modelling of basement excavation effects on an existing tunnel in dry sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 8 (August 2013): 874–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0423.

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Basement excavation may induce unsymmetrical and highly skewed loadings and (or) stress changes in an existing tunnel, not only in the transverse, but also in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. Although basement–tunnel interaction has attracted intense academic interest recently, it is often simply treated as a plane strain problem. In this study, however, based on a dimensional analysis of the governing parameters, two three-dimensional centrifuge tests were designed and carried out in dry sand to investigate the effects of a basement excavation on an existing tunnel located in two horizontal offsets in relation to the basement. In addition, a preliminary three-dimensional numerical analysis was conducted to back-analyse the centrifuge test and to investigate the effects of the tunnel cover-to-diameter and unloading ratios on the existing tunnel. For the specific conditions simulated and soil type tested, a maximum heave of about 0.07% of the final depth of the basement excavation (He) was induced in the tunnel that ran parallel to and beneath the basement. On the contrary, a maximum settlement of 0.014% He was induced in the tunnel located at the side of the basement. For the former tunnel, the influence zone by the basement excavation on vertical tunnel displacement along the longitudinal direction was 1.2L (basement length). By inspecting the measured strains in the longitudinal direction of the existing tunnel, it was found that the inflection point, where the shear force is at a maximum, was located at 0.8L away from the basement centre. Due to stress relief from the basement excavation, the tunnel located directly beneath the basement was vertically elongated, but the one that lay at the side of the basement was distorted. A preliminary numerical parametric study found that tunnel heave decreased as the cover-to-diameter ratio increased, but at a reduced rate.

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50

Van Baelen, Hervé, and Manuel Sintubin. "Kinematic consequences of an angular unconformity in simple shear: an example from the southern border of the Lower Palaeozoic Rocroi inlier (Naux, France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 179, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.179.1.73.

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AbstractThe presence of an angular unconformity in combination with complex structures in the basement, lacking in the cover, is commonly seen as an indication for an orogenic event pre-dating the unconformity. The recognition of such an older orogenic event becomes, however, less evident in areas where both cover and basement were deformed together during an orogen post-dating the angular unconformity.The validity of this common interpretation has been evaluated at the southern border of the Lower Palaeozoic Rocroi basement inlier (Naux, northern France), where the basement-cover interface is very well exposed. This basement-cover interface, showing an angular unconformity, has classically been interpreted as evidence for an early Palaeozoic tectonometamorphic event, called the Ardennian orogeny, though only one penetrative cleavage, co-genetic with the structures present in both cover and basement, can be observed.A detailed geometrical study shows, however, that the presence of a tilted basement, involving the angular unconformity, provokes a rheological heterogeneity that causes a contrasting response of basement and cover with respect to the Variscan shortening. While Variscan progressive deformation gave rise to a rather regular cleavage refraction pattern in the subhorizontal multilayer cover sequence, a complex deformation, expressed by non-cylindrical folds, boudinage and shearing developed in the basement. The basement-cover interface itself played no rheological role, but has been passively sheared and folded as a consequence of the deformation of the basement. This study proves that the deformed basement-cover interface, allowing to link deformation in basement and cover, is a necessary tool to properly interpret complex deformation in the basement. With respect to the regional geodynamic evolution of the northern parts of the Central European Variscides, our kinematic model indeed demonstrates that this classical outcrop area bears no evidence for an early Palaeozoic orogenic event, and that the angular unconformity reflects the late Silurian – early Devonian onset of the Ardenne-Eifel basin development, rather than a middle Ordovician Ardennian orogeny.

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