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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 травня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Basalte olivine"

1

Shea, Joshua J., and Stephen F. Foley. "Evidence for a Carbonatite-Influenced Source Assemblage for Intraplate Basalts from the Buckland Volcanic Province, Queensland, Australia." Minerals 9, no. 9 (September 10, 2019): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9090546.

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Анотація:
Eastern Australia contains a widespread suite of primitive (MgO ≥ 7.5 wt.%) intraplate basaltic provinces, including those sited along the longest continental hotspot track on Earth (≈2000 km), the Cosgrove track. The Buckland volcanic province is the most southerly basaltic province on the Cosgrove track before a >1600 km stretch that contains only sparse leucitite volcanism. Buckland is also situated just northeast of the edge of thick cratonic lithosphere where it transitions to a thinner continental lithosphere (<110 km) to the east, which may influence the production of plume-derived melts. Here, analysis of minor and trace elements in olivines in alkali basalts and basanites from the Buckland Province are combined with whole-rock compositions to elucidate the mantle source assemblages, and to calibrate minor and trace element indicators in olivine for application to source mineralogy. Olivine xenocrysts show element concentration ranges typical for peridotites; Mn and Al concentrations indicate that the ambient mantle is spinel, rather than garnet, peridotite. High modal pyroxene content is indicated by high Ni, Zn/Fe, and Fe/Mn in olivines, while high Ti/Sc is consistent with amphibole in the source. Residual phlogopite in the source of the basanites is indicated by low K/Nb in whole rocks, while apatite contains high P2O5 and low Rb/Sr (≥0.015) and Sr/La (≥13). The basanite source assemblage probably contains apatite, phlogopite, olivine, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, whereas the alkali basalt source assemblage is probably amphibole, olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene ± phlogopite ± apatite. Both source assemblages correspond broadly to olivine websterite, with the basanite source lying deeper than that for alkali basalt, explaining the occurrence of phlogopite in the source. This mineralogy, along with whole-rock Ti/Eu, Zr/Hf and P2O5/TiO2 values approaching those of natural carbonatites, provide evidence showing that the Buckland source consists of a peridotite that has interacted with a carbonate-rich melt whose origin may be in the deep lithosphere or asthenosphere beneath the craton. Similar enrichment processes are probably common throughout eastern Australia, controlling trace element characteristics in basaltic provinces. The topography of the underside of the lithosphere may play a significant role in determining mantle source assemblages by diverting and concentrating melt flow, and thus influence the location of basaltic provinces.
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2

Takebe, Mirai, Masao Ban, Motohiro Sato, and Yuki Nishi. "The Temporal Variation of Magma Plumbing System of the Kattadake Pyroclastics in the Zao Volcano, Northeastern Japan." Minerals 11, no. 4 (April 18, 2021): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11040430.

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The geologic and petrologic study of the Kattadake pyroclastics (around 10 ka) from the Zao volcano (NE Japan) revealed the structure of the magma plumbing system and the mixing behavior of the shallow chamber. The Kattadake pyroclastic succession is divided into lower and upper parts by a remarkable discontinuity. All rocks belong to medium-K, calc-alkaline rock series and correspond to ol-cpx-opx basaltic-andesite to andesite with 20–28 vol% phenocrystic modal percentage. All rocks were formed by mixing between andesitic magma and near aphyric basalt. The petrologic features of andesites of lower and upper parts are similar, 59–61 wt% SiO2, having low-An plagioclase and low-Mg pyroxenes, with pre-eruptive conditions corresponding to 960–980 °C, 1.9–3.5 kb, and 1.9–3.4 wt% H2O. However, the basalts were ca. 49.4 wt% SiO2 with Fo~84 olivine in the lower part and 51.8 wt% SiO2 with Fo~81 olivine and high-An plagioclase the in upper one. The percentage of basaltic magma in the mixing process was lower, but the temperature of the basalt was higher in the lower part than the upper one. This means that the shallow magma chamber was reactivated more efficiently by the hotter basalts and that the mixed magma with a 70–80% of melt fraction was formed by a smaller percentage of the basaltic magma.
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3

Demidova, S. I., and D. D. Badyukov. "Peculiarities of the Extraterrestrial Basalts of the Solar System with Reference to the Exoplanet Science: a Brief Review." Геохимия 68, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 437–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016752523050035.

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The formation of basalts is a global stage in the evolution of differentiated cosmic body (planet or asteroid) of the Solar System. The paper presents the main chemical and mineralogical features of basaltic meteorites of the SNC, HED group, angrites and lunar mare basalts based on literature data. Despite the differences in the products of basaltic volcanism on different cosmic bodies and significant compositional variations in major minerals of basaltic rocks, most of them belong to low-alkaline basalts, suggesting the prevalence of this type of rocks at least among small bodies of the Solar System. All of them are characterized by the presence of such rock-forming minerals as pyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase, and their spectral characteristics can be used to search for basalts on exoplanets. The main factors affecting the spectral characteristics of atmosphere-free bodies and larger planets with an atmosphere are shown, and the possibility of searching for products of basalt volcanism on exoplanets during future missions is considered.
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4

Abdel-Karim, Abdel-Aal M., El-Nuri M. Ramadan, and Mohamed R. Embashi. "Multiphase Alkaline Basalts of Central Al-Haruj Al-Abyad of Libya: Petrological and Geochemical Aspects." Journal of Geological Research 2013 (June 18, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/805451.

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Al-Haruj basalts that represent the largest volcanic province in Libya consist of four lava flow phases of varying thicknesses, extensions, and dating. Their eruption is generally controlled by the larger Afro-Arabian rift system. The flow phases range from olivine rich and/or olivine dolerites to olivine and/or normal basalts that consist mainly of variable olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and glass. Olivine, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene form abundant porphyritic crystals. In olivine-rich basalt and olivine basalt, these minerals occur as glomerophyric or seriate clusters of an individual mineral or group of minerals. Groundmass textures are variably intergranular, intersertal, vitrophyric, and flow. The pyroclastic, clastogenic flows and/or ejecta of the volcanic cones show porphyritic, vitrophric, pilotaxitic, and vesicular textures. They are classified into tholeiite, alkaline, and olivine basalts. Three main groups are recorded. Basalts of phase 1 are generated from tholeiitic to alkaline magma, while those of phases 3 and 4 are derived from alkaline magma. It is proposed that the tholeiitic basalts represent prerift stage magma generated by higher degree of partial melting (2.0–3.5%) of garnet-peridotite asthenospheric mantle source, at shallow depth, whereas the dominant alkaline basalts may represent the rift stage magma formed by low degree of partial melting (0.7–1.5%) and high fractionation of the same source, at greater depth in an intra-continental plate with OIB affinity. The melt generation could be also attributed to lithosphere extension associated with passive rise of variable enriched mantle.
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5

Hafidhah Nurul Haq, Mega Fatimah Rosana, Cipta Endyana, Katon Sena Ajie Nugraha, and Irpan Alamsyah. "Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks of Citirem Formation and Its Implications for the Tectonic Setting in Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark Area." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 9, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2024.9.1.14367.

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Анотація:
The igneous rocks of the Citirem Formation in the Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark area petrographically not only consist of basalt, but also andesite, dacite, and gabbro. The characteristics of basalts Citirem Formation are composed of plagioclase 43% – 58% and olivine, mostly have amygdaloidal and aphanitic textures. Andesites are composed of 45% – 65% plagioclase, absence of olivine, mostly aphanitic and trachytic, some have intergranular textures. Dacite comprises 50% plagioclase, 20% quartz, and the absence of olivine, and aphanitic, intersertal textures. Gabbros are composed of 62% plagioclase, 6% – 12% olivine, with phaneritic texture. Based on the plot of the major elements vs SiO2 diagram, MgO, FeOt (Fe2O3+FeO), CaO, and TiO2 show a negative correlation with SiO2. In comparison, Na2O and K2O show a positive correlation with SiO2. The lithology of igneous rocks of Citirem Formation are basalt, trachybasalt, basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite, andesite, dacite and gabbro based on a plot of the Na2O+K2O vs SiO2 diagram for volcanic and plutonic rocks. The origin of magma type can be distinguished based on the plot of K2O vs SiO2 diagrams, the igneous rocks of Citirem Formation are divided into low-K, medium-K, high-K, and shoshonite magma series. Dacite STA 2, andesite STA 7, basaltic andesite STA 8, trachyandesite STA 10 and gabbro STA 14 are calc-alkaline based on triangular diagram Th-Hf-Ta-Zr-Nb. Gabbro STA 17 indicates IAT (island arc tholeiite), trachybasalt STA 19, basalt STA 20 and basaltic trachyandesite STA 27 are E-MORB, WPT (within plate tholeiitic), In contrast, trachybasalt STA 28 is WPA (within plate alkali). Primitive mantle long, NMORB-normalized REE patterns and chondrites-normalized show some rocks have distinctive patterns that have similarities with suprasubduction zone ophiolite rocks, MORB of Mirdita ophiolite, and some show similarities with patterns from OIB and E-MORB.
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6

Savelyev, D. P., N. V. Gorbach, M. V. Portnyagin, and V. D. Shcherbakov. "The origin of olivine basalts from Medvezhya Mount (Avachinsky group of volcanoes, Kamchatka): The evidence of assimilation of sulfide-bearing cumulates." Петрология 31, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086959032303007x.

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The role and conditions of liquid immiscibility and crystallization of sulfide phase during evolution of subduction related magmas remains to be a debated topic, which bears relevance to mechanisms of porphyry copper deposit formation and evolution of the continental crust. We studied rare volcanic rocks with inclusions of magmatic sulfides in olivine – the basalts of Medvezhya Mount in the Avachinsky group of volcanoes. The rocks belong to primitive (Mg# = 66 mol. %) middle-K island arc olivine basalts. Olivine with normal zoning predominate (~98%) among phenocrysts. The olivine compositions are typical for Kamchatka basalts, except for an unusual trend of increase of MnO content from 0.20 to 0.55 wt. % and decrease of Fe/Mn from 60 to 35 with change of olivine composition from Fo87.8 to Fo78.2. Olivines of this group contain numerous inclusions of minerals of the spinel group varying in composition from chromium spinel to magnesian magnetite. Olivine phenocrysts with sulfide inclusions are characterized by the absence or weak reverse zoning and reduced contents of Ca, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Al. The estimated crystallization temperatures for olivines of the prevailing type are 1036–1241°C, for sulfide-bearing olivines – 1010–1062°C. The data suggest that crystallization of the main olivine population occurred under relatively shallow conditions and was accompanied by strong oxidation of the magmas. On the contrary, the zoning and composition features of sulfide-bearing olivine suggest its xenogenic origin and probable crystallization at conditions of deep crust from low temperature water-rich and/or low-Ca magmas. The results obtained confirm the possibility of saturation of oxidized island-arc magmas with sulfide phase at lower crustal conditions, but show that this process is rare and not typical for low-pressure crystallization stage.
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7

Zhang, Cheng, Jianping Chen, Yiwen Pan, Shuangshuang Wu, Jian Chen, Xiaoxia Hu, Yue Pang, Xueting Liu, and Ke Wang. "Geomorphology, Mineralogy, and Chronology of Mare Basalts in the Oceanus Procellarum Region." Remote Sensing 16, no. 4 (February 8, 2024): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16040634.

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Анотація:
Mare basalts on the lunar surface are tangible expressions of the complex thermal evolution and geological processes that have occurred within the lunar interior. These basaltic manifestations are highly important because they provide invaluable insights into lunar geological evolution. Notably, the Oceanus Procellarum region, which is renowned for its extensive and long-lasting basaltic volcanism, is a premier location to investigate late-stage lunar thermal evolution. The primary aim of this research is to elucidate the geomorphological, compositional, and temporal attributes that define the mare basalts within the Oceanus Procellarum region. To achieve this aim, we comprehensively analyzed the geomorphological features present within the region, leveraging Kaguya/SELENE TC images and digital elevation models. Specifically, these geomorphological features encompass impact craters, wrinkle ridges, sinuous rilles, and volcanic domes. Subsequently, we thoroughly examined the mineralogical attributes of basalts in the Oceanus Procellarum region, leveraging Kaguya/SELENE MI data and compositional map products. To more accurately reflect the actual ages of the mare basalts in the Oceanus Procellarum region, we carefully delineated the geological units within the area and employed the latest crater size-frequency distribution (CSFD) technique to precisely determine their ages. This refined approach allowed for a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the basaltic rocks in the study area. Overall, our comprehensive study included an in-depth analysis of the volcanic activity and evolution of the Oceanus Procellarum region, along with an examination of the correlation between the mineralogical composition and ages of mare basalts. The findings from this exhaustive investigation reveal a definitive age range for basalt units within the Oceanus Procellarum region from approximately 3.69 Ga to 1.17 Ga. Moreover, the latest mare basalts that formed were pinpointed north of the Aristarchus crater. Significantly, the region has experienced at least five distinct volcanic events, occurring approximately 3.40 Ga, 2.92 Ga, 2.39 Ga, 2.07 Ga, and 1.43 Ga, leading to the formation of multiple basalt units characterized by their unique mineral compositions and elemental abundances. Through the application of remote sensing mineralogical analysis, three primary basalt types were identified: low-titanium, very-low-titanium, and intermediate-titanium basalt. Notably, the younger basalt units exhibit an elevated titanium proportion, indicative of progressive olivine enrichment. Consequently, these younger basalt units exhibit more intricate and complex mineral compositions, offering valuable insights into the dynamic geological processes shaping the lunar surface.
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8

Handini, Esti, Toshiaki Hasenaka, Nicholas D. Barber, Tomoyuki Shibata, Yasushi Mori, and I. Wayan Warmada. "Geochemistry of shield stage basalts from Baluran volcano, East Java, Sunda arc." Journal of Applied Geology 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.73697.

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We report petrography and geochemistry of basaltic lava flows from the shield stage of Baluran, a Quaternary volcanic center in the rear of East Java, Sunda Arc, Indonesia. These basalts contain abundant plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine, and minor magnetite. Geochemically, they resemble other medium-K calc alkaline basalts from eastern Java’s volcanoes, but they are less enriched in light ion lithophile elements (LILE) and Pb. The predicted primary basalt of Baluran lavas can be sourced to a more primitive primary melt composition which may also generate medium-K calc-alkaline magmas in the region. The fractionation trajectory of these primary magmas shows the importance of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine, and magnetite phase removal from the melt. Regardless of the diverse composition of the derivatives, the calculated primary basalts from the eastern Java are all in the field of nepheline-normative. This finding suggests variably small degree of melting of clinopyroxene-rich mantle source is at play in the generation of these magmas. Our result further suggests that the clinopyroxene source rock is possibly present as veins in peridotite mantle which have experienced metasomatism by addition of slab-derived fluids at differing proportion.
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9

Gorbach, N. V., N. A. Nekrylov, M. V. Portnyagin, and K. Hoernle. "New Data on the Rock and Mineral Composition of Kharchinsky and Zarechny Volcanoes (Central Kamchatka depression): Heterogeneity of the Mantle Source and Peculiarities of Magma Evolution in Crust." Петрология 31, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869590323030056.

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The Kharchinsky and Zarechny volcanoes and the Kharchinsky Lake zone of monogenetic cones are unique eruptive centers of magnesian lavas located above the northern margin of the Pacific Plate subducting beneath Kamchatka. This work presents new geochemical data on the composition of rocks (55 samples) and minerals (over 900 analyses of olivine, pyroxenes, amphibole, and plagioclase) of these centers analyzed by XRF and LA-ICP-MS (rocks) and electron microprobe (minerals). Most of the studied rocks are represented by magnesian (Mg# = 60–75 mol. %), medium-K basalts and basaltic andesites. Moderate-magnesian (Mg# = = 52–59 mol. %) basaltic andesites are present among the monogenic cones of the Kharchinsky Lake. The rare rock varieties include high-K basalts-basaltic andesites of dikes in the center of the Kharchinsky volcano and magnesian andesites (Mg# = 58–61 mol. %) of the extrusions of Zarechnу volcano. The distribution of trace element contents in these samples demonstrates the enrichment of large-ion lithophile elements, light REEs and depletion of high field strength elements and heavy REEs typical of arc rocks. High-K basalts and basaltic andesites show anomalous enrichment in Ba (1000 ppm), Th (3.8 ppm), U (1.8 ppm), Sr (800 ppm, Sr/Y 50) and light REE (La 20 ppm); their compositions are close to those of low-Si adakites. Basalts and basaltic andesites contain high-Mg olivine phenocrysts (up to Fo92.6) and clinopyroxene (Mg# up to 91 mol. %). The rocks show petrographic and geochemical signs of fractional crystallization along with the processes of mineral accumulation and magma mixing. Some of the olivine phenocrysts show high NiO contents (up to 5000 ppm) and elevated Fe/Mn ratio (up to 80), interpreted as evidence of participation of the pyroxenite source in the magma generation processes. The use of Ca/Fe and Ni/Mg ratios allowed us to distinguish the composition fields and evolution trends of olivines associated with different sources – peridotite and pyroxenite, formed by the reaction of mantle wedge peridotites and high-Si melts of the subducted oceanic crust. The new data are consistent with other evidence of melting of the subducted Pacific plate edge beneath the northern part of the Central Kamchatka depression at the Kurile-Kamchatka and Aleutian subduction zone junction and testify to significant heterogeneity of the mantle in this area.
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10

Kimata, Mitsuyoshi, Norimasa Nishida, Masahiro Shimizu, Shizuo Saito, Tomoaki Matsui, and Yoji Arakawa. "Anorthite megacrysts from island arc basalts." Mineralogical Magazine 59, no. 394 (March 1995): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1995.59.394.01.

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AbstractAnorthite megacrysts are common in basalts from the Japanese Island Arc, and signally rare in other global fields. These anorthites are 1 to 3 cm in size and often contain several corroded Mg-olivine inclusions. The megacrysts generally range from An94Ab4Ot2 to An89Ab6Ot5 (Ot: other minor end-members, including CaFeSi3O8, CaMgSi3O8, AlAl3SiO8, □Si4O8) and show no chemical zoning. They often show parting. Redclouded megacrysts contain microcrystals of native copper with a distribution reminiscent of the shape of a planetary nebula. Hydrocarbons are also present, both in the anorthite megacrysts and in the olivines included within them. Implications of lateral variations in the Fe/Mg ratio of the included olivines, in Sr-content and in Sr-isotope ratio of the anorthite megacrysts with respect to the Japanese island arc, relate to mixing of crustal components and subducted slab-sediments into the basaltic magmas.
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Дисертації з теми "Basalte olivine"

1

Ildefonse, Philippe. "Analyse petrologique des alterations premeteoriques et meteoriques de deux roches basaltiques (basalte alcalin de belbex, cantal, et hawaiite de m'bouda, cameroun)." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077118.

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Cette analyse permet de definir les parageneses minerales successives de l'alteration. Il est alors possible d'apprehender les mecanismes geochimiques ayant preside a ces alterations, et d'en analyser certaines relations, chronologiques ou causales, qu'ils peuvent presenter entre eux
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2

Haddad, James R. "Order and Chaos in the Olivine Underworld| Two Mechanisms for the Formation of Basal Olivine Layers." Thesis, State University of New York at Binghamton, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10928048.

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Recent debate has questioned the efficiency of magma differentiation in basaltic magma chambers (Marsh, 2013). As a result, petrologists are increasingly inclined to interpret olivine cumulate layers in small intrusive bodies as separately injected slurries, as opposed to the result of in-situ differentiation. Two sills with basal olivine layers, the 0601 sill, Victoria Island, NWT, Canada, and the Palisades Sill, Fort Lee, NJ have been examined in detail. First, it can be shown that the 0601 sill could have formed by the emplacement of a single phenocryst bearing magma, followed by settling of the initial phenocryst load, and in-situ differentiation. Second, a high-resolution analysis of the internal ordering of the Palisades Sill olivine horizon, widely recognized as the result of an olivine slurry, is described in order to create a generalizable model of basal olivine layers formed via slurry emplacement (Husch, 1990; Gorring, 1995). Both sills were analyzed for whole rock major and trace element compositions, mineral compositions, crystal size distributions and modal mineralogy. Parent-Daughter modeling, Pearce Element Ratio Analysis, trace element modeling, and MELTS (Ghiorso and Sack, 1995; Asimow and Ghiorso, 1998) were then used to model formation mechanisms. Finally, the 0601 sill olivine cumulate layer is com-pared with the Palisades Sill olivine horizon. While both olivine cumulate zones look superficially similar, detailed investigation reveals that a well developed trend of progressively increasing olivine upward from the base, as observed in the 0601 sill is best explained by crystal settling within an initial phenocryst-phyric magma, followed by in-situ differentiation, and cannot be explained by a slurry emplacement process.

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3

Desgrolard, Franck. "Pétrologie des laves d'un volcan intraplaque océanique : le Karthala, île de la Grande-Comore (R.F.I. des Comores)." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10109.

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La Grande-Comore est la plus grande île d'un archipel localisé dans le canal de Mozambique sur une croûte dont la littérature permet de suggérer une nature océanique. Le Karthala est le principal volcan bouclier de l'île, il est le seul dont on connaisse l'activité historique, qui se localise essentiellement le long de deux rifts zones et à leur intersection dans la caldeira sommitale. Un volcanisme ancien forme le massif du Badiner situé à son extrémité sud. Le faible degré de sous-saturation en silice et les compositions de ses laves nous indiquent qu'elles sont essentiellement le produit d'un degré de fusion partielle identique affectant une source unique ou le phlogopite et le grenat sont plus ou moins résiduels. Un modèle géophysique basé sur les taux de production magmatique des panaches mantelliques, ainsi que l'utilisation de résultats expérimentaux à hautes pressions, confirment une pression de fusion partielle élevée comprise entre 24 et 33 kbar. Les laves faiblement alcalines à transitionnelles des différents stades d'édification du Karthala ont des paragenèses variées : basaltes à olivine, océanites, ankaramites et basaltes à phénocristaux de plagioclase, qui témoignent de la diversité des processus de différenciation en jeu. L'évolution des compositions de ces laves nous a permis de mettre en évidence l'existence de deux chambres magmatiques distinctes. L'une profonde localisée à une profondeur d'environ 30 km (10 kbar), ou les liquides basaltiques subissent un fractionnement wehrlitique plus ou moins important à l'origine d'un enrichissement précoce en incompatibles. L'autre plus superficielle, localisée à la base de l'édifice volcanique, ou des fractionnements principalement océanitique et clinopyroxénitique, ainsi que gabbroïque à moindre échelle, ne leur font atteindre qu'un faible stade de différenciation (hawaiites et trachy-basaltes). (Doc Thèses)
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4

Mathieson, Gillian Ann. "Olivine-basaltic melt re-equilibration rates and their implications for crystallisation processes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343508.

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5

Salem, Lois Claire. "Magmatic processes at basaltic volcanoes : insights from the crystal cargo." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277726.

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A plethora of magmatic processing occurs in magma reservoirs, where melts are stored prior to eruption. Magma reservoirs are complex, open systems, and often multiple reservoirs are partially inter-connected from source to surface, giving rise to the term 'volcanic plumbing system'. Parental melts feeding these reservoirs can have diverse and distinct geochemical and petrological characteristics, and be variably evolved or enriched. These melts can also bring with them a crystal cargo that may remain in equilibrium in the magma reservoir, but may also be modified by reaction, resorption, crystallisation and diffusion. Melts and crystals can be transported between reservoirs, from the upper mantle and through the crust, leading to melt mixing, reactions and volatile exsolution. Basaltic volcanic systems are fed by primitive melts, and due to the rapid ascent of melts and short magma storage times, these volcanoes provide the best means of unravelling the mantle and crustal contribution to geochemical heterogeneity observed in erupted samples. Despite the potential chemical complexity of a magma reservoir, evidence for magma processing and reaction can be preserved in melt inclusion suites and the compositional structure of their host crystals. Magmatic processes during storage and transport at two basaltic volcanoes are investigated using two carefully selected eruptions: the 1669 eruption at Mt. Etna, and the 2007 Father's Day eruption at Kīlauea. A suite of diverse geochemical, petrological and petrographical observations, made at a range of length-scales, are combined and interpreted in tandem with geophysical monitoring data. The conclusions of these studies shed light on the architecture of each volcano's plumbing systems and basaltic plumbing systems in general. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first study unravels the crustal and mantle processes controlling melt geochemical heterogeneity at Mt. Etna, Sicily, during the 1669 eruption, the largest eruption in historical times. The 1669 melt inclusion suite arises from the mixing of two basaltic melts with similar major element compositions but very different trace and volatile element compositions. The melt geochemistry suggests that at least one end-member melt has been heavily influenced by assimilation of carbonate in the crust. The elevation in alkalis, caused by carbonate assimilation, enhances carbon and sulfur solubility in one end member. The melt inclusion suite indicates that mixing of these melts occurred in the shallow crust shortly before eruption and this mixing may be the cause of the enhanced $CO_{2}$ fluxes prior to eruptions at Mt. Etna. The second study is split into two parts. Each uses the eruptive products of the Father's Day eruption at Kīlauea and aims to unravel the connectivity of the plumbing system between the summit and East Rift Zone, with a focus on timescales of storage and transport. The first part investigates the melt geochemistry in terms of heterogeneity and volatile composition, and the second investigates the crystal cargo in terms of features of the macro-scale crystal cargo distribution and the micro-scale geochemical zoning of individual crystals. The integration of observations and models from these two studies constrains the pressure, temperature and composition of source magma feeding the Father's Day eruption. The eruption is investigated in the context of the "magma surge'' event that preceded the intrusion, as well as within the context of the longer-term trends in Kīlauea geochemistry at the summit and East Rift Zone. Melt inclusion and matrix glass volatile systematics provide insights into the degassing path of the magma and the duration of magma transport to the surface is constrained by diffusion modelling. Estimated timescales for ascent by diffusion modelling of macrocryst major element composition, melt inclusion water content and the melt Fe$^{3+}$/Fe$_{tot}$ ratio are in agreement with timescales observed from the geophysical data of $< $8 hours from reservoir depth to eruption. Both studies emphasise how petrological observations can supplement geophysical monitoring datasets collected at the surface to aid our interpretation of volcanic behaviour and eruption forecasting.
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Trela, Jarek. "The Evolution of the Galapagos Mantle Plume: From Large Igneous Province to Ocean Island Basalt." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77438.

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Mantle plumes are anomalously hot, narrow upwellings of mantle material that originate at the core-mantle boundary. As plumes rise they may form volumetrically large "heads" (~1000 km in diameter) with narrower (~100 km) "tails." Plume head melting is thought to form Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), vast outpourings of basaltic lava (~106 km3), while plume tail melting forms linear chains of ocean island basalts (OIBs) similar the Emperor-Hawaii Seamount chain. Mantle plume derived melts indicate that these structures sample deep Earth geochemical and lithological heterogeneities. Studying plume-derived lavas can clarify important planetary-scale questions relating to the accretion of the Earth, primordial geochemical reservoirs, the fate of subducted materials, planetary differentiation, and convective mixing.
Ph. D.
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Peterman, Kenneth James. "Determination of Oxygen Fugacity using Olivine-Melt Equilibrium: Implications for the Redox States of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt and Ocean Island Basalt Mantle Source Regions." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502803559889083.

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Poustovetov, Alexei Anatolievich. "Numerical modeling of chemical equilibria between chromian spinel, olivine, and basaltic melt, with petrologic applications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/NQ54428.pdf.

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Smith, Amy Renee. "Subsurface Igneous Mineral Microbiology: Iron-Oxidizing Organotrophs on Olivine Surfaces and the Significance of Mineral Heterogeneity in Basalts." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/294.

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The subsurface igneous biome contains a vast portion of Earth's total biomass, yet we still know so little about it. Igneous environments such as iron-rich ocean crust and lava tubes may also host analogs to chemolithotrophically-driven life on other planets, so studying life in this biome is essential to understanding how life may survive on other planets. In this study, three igneous surface and subsurface environments were investigated for microbial preference for olivine, microbial physiologies and phylotypes present on olivine, and microbial growth on olivine in the laboratory via iron oxidation. These environments include a subseafloor borehole drilled into the ocean crust basalt basement, a lava tube with perennial ice, and a trio of Columbia River basalt-hosted freshwater terrestrial habitats. The subseafloor borehole (IODP Hole 1301A) is situated on the eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge (JFR) and was used in the first long-term deployment of microbial enrichment flow cells using osmotically-driven pumps. The flow cells contained igneous minerals and glasses, for which cell density and microbial abundances were evaluated. Total cell density and viable oligotrophs were highest for Fe(II)-rich olivines. Organotrophic bacterial isolates were capapble of iron oxidation and nitrate reduction, and grew on olivine in the laboratory. Putative neutrophilic iron oxidizers were also isolated from igneous riparian and cave environments in northwest and central Oregon. Isolated bacteria from all three environments were capable of chemolithotrophic growth with olivine and oxygen or nitrate in the laboratory. Bacteria isolated from river basalt were putatively capable of producing alteration textures on olivine surfaces in culture. Microbial life in the igneous subsurface preferentially attach to Fe²⁺-rich minerals, which suggests that life in the subsurface is heterogeneously distributed. The isolation of oligotrophic iron oxidizers that grow on olivine suggests that olivine supports a chemolithotrophic subsurface community based on primary productivity via iron oxidation. This generation of biomass on olivine surfaces creates organic carbon-rich coated mineral surfaces that may support a more complex community. The identification of Mars analogs living in Oregon lava tubes and the discovery that iron oxidizers may produce biosignatures on olivine surfaces are key findings that may provide the foundation for a new chapter in the search for life on Mars.
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MINAGAWA, Tetsuo, Takafumi TAKAHASHI, Kazuya TANAKA, and Iwao KAWABE. "Evidence for lanthanide tetrad effect in mafic volcanic rocks: Concave tetrad effects in REE patterns for MORB and alkali olivine basalt in western Kyushu, Japan." Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14728.

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Книги з теми "Basalte olivine"

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Jurewicz, Amy Jo Goldmintz. Effect of temperature, pressure, oxygen fugacity and composition on calcium partitioning, calcium-magnesium distribution and the kinetics of cation exchange between olivines and basaltic melts. 1986.

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Частини книг з теми "Basalte olivine"

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Morse, Stearns A. "Iron-Bearing Olivines and Pyroxenes." In Basalts and Phase Diagrams, 307–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97882-2_17.

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Mølholt, T. E., H. P. Gunnlaugsson, J. P. Merrison, R. V. Morris, and P. Nørnberg. "Mössbauer and VNIR study of dust generated from olivine basalt: application to Mars." In ICAME 2007, 1009–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78697-9_138.

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Kohlstedt, D. L. "Chemical analysis of grain boundaries in an olivine-basalt aggregate using high-resolution, analytical electron microscopy." In The Brittle‐Ductile Transition in Rocks, 211–18. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm056p0211.

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Garcia, Michael O., Thomas P. Hulsebosch, and J. Michael Rhodes. "Olivine-rich submarine basalts from the southwest rift zone of Mauna Loa Volcano: Implications for magmatic processes and geochemical evolution." In Mauna Loa Revealed: Structure, Composition, History, and Hazards, 219–39. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm092p0219.

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Sági, Tamás, Szabolcs Harangi, and Theodoros Ntaflos. "Modeling of Olivine and Clinopyroxene Fractionation in Intracontinental Alkaline Basalts: A Case Study from the Carpathian-Pannonian Region." In Updates in Volcanology - Transdisciplinary Nature of Volcano Science. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94808.

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Besides mantle peridotites primary basaltic melts are the best tool to investigate upper mantle petrology and geochemistry. However, de facto primitive melts are hard to found, as basaltic melts usually go through a fractionation process during their ascent towards the surface. Most primary melt calculators are based on the major or trace element compositions of olivine-phyric ocean island basalts and peridotites and are less accurate if clinopyroxene fractionation occurred. In this chapter a new fractionation modeling method of alkaline basalts will be introduced, which has been published earlier only in Hungarian. Olivine ± clinopyroxene fractionation of four basaltic volcanoes have been modeled from different Miocene-Quaternary volcanic fields from the Carpathian-Pannonian Region (Stiavnica (Selmec) VF, Novohrad-Gemer (Nógrád-Gömör) VF, Perşani Mts. (Persányi Mts.) VF and from the Lucaret-Sanoviţa (Lukácskő-Sziklás) volcano.
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"olivine basalt." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 930. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_150330.

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"alkali-olivine basalt." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_11356.

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"olivine basaltic lava." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 930. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_150331.

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McFarlane, E. A., and M. J. Drake. "Element Partitioning And The Early Thermal History Of The Earth." In Origin of the Earth, 135–50. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195066197.003.0009.

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Abstract The partitioning of Ni, Co, Sc, and La between olivine and natural basaltic melt and between various subsolidus phases has been determined at 1800°C and 75 kbar. Aliquots of the mantle composition material KLB-1 were doped with 1-2 wt.% each of Ni, Co, and Sc, were compressed to high pressures, and heated in a uniaxial split-sphere anvil apparatus for approximately 1 hr. Successful run products typically consist of a subsolidus assemblage of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, spine!, and probably garnet at the cold end, and silicate melt containing quench crystals of olivine at the hot end. The liquidus boundary within the charge is defined by the appearance of sizable equant olivine crystals (instead of quench-textured olivine crystals, which are smaller and more elongate). Olivine/melt partition coefficients (D)at 75kbar and 1800°C, rounded to one significant figure, are D(Ni)= 2, D(Co)= 1, D(Sc)=0.1, and D(La) &lt; 0.007. These partition coefficients may be used to test the hypothesis that the high Mg/ Si ratio in the upper mantle of the Earth relative to most chondritic meteorites results from the floating of olivine in a magma ocean, with subsequent mixing of that olivine into the upper mantle of the Earth. For example, the Ni/Co ratio inferred for the upper mantle is approximately chondritic. The experimentally determined partition coefficients imply that the addition of 30% olivine into the upper mantle to raise the Mg/Si ratio from CI chondritic to its present value yields a Ni/Co ratio 20-25% higher than its initial value. This result is inconsistent with the olivine flotation hypothesis as a means of explaining the elevated Mg/Si ratio of the upper mantle. The implication of these experiments and those of Kato et al. ( 1987, 1988a,b) is that minor and trace element abundances and ratios in the upper mantle of the Earth do not presently show the effects of extensive olivine, majorite garnet, or perovskite fractionation. One possibility is that the Earth was never substantially molten. If so, the accretional process must have delivered gravitational potential energy more slowly than current theory predicts, and an origin of the Moon in a giant impact would be unlikely. Alternatively, if the Earth were indeed substantially molten, then it is possible that minerals remained entrained in magma and were unable to segregate. In either case, the high Mg/Si ratio in the Earth relative to most classes of chondrites would be intrinsic to the Earth, implying that the accretional process did not mix material efficiently between 1 A.U. and 2-4 A.U. where most chondritic meteorites are presumed to originate.
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Sa\'ad ZA Kader, Al-Mashaikie. "Abnormal Ophiolite (Olivine/Pyroxene Rich) Sandstone NE Iraq: An Approach to the Origin and Tectonosedimentary Evolution of Zagros Foreland Basin." In New Insights in Sedimentary Rocks [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108333.

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Unusual Paleocene ophiolite sandstone rich in olivine/pyroxene identified in Zagros Thrust Belt (NZTB) in NE Iraq. NZTB is regionally extended from Iran to Alpen Belt. Kolosh sandstones are controlled by progressive thrusting during late Cretaceous-Paleocene. Zagros thrust sheets composed of ophiolites, oceanic crust, basaltic flows, and ash sequences. Kolosh sandstones reveal high percentages of fresh olivine-pyroxene grains accompanied by igneous intrusive and volcanic ultrabasic-basic fragments, which are reported for the first time in NE Iraq and along ZTB. Olivine, pyroxene, ultrabasic igneous altered, serpentine and chlorite fragments, heavy minerals (includes chrome spinal), anorthite, and labradorite all together composed about 70% of the mineralogical composition. Sanidine, anorthoclase, quartz and cristobalite, argillaceous, carbonate and chert fragments all together composed (12.25%), supported by argillaceous matrix (16.53%), which are derived from mantle and oceanic crust/ophiolite sequences from NE Iraq, emplaced during late Cretaceous with arc volcanism, which subjected to rapid submarine erosion and deposition. Intense wave action accelerated the erosion of beach rocks, and concentrate the heavy minerals insitue that slumped to deeper margins. Identified lithofacies types, grouped in four associations, slope/submarine channel, inner, outer fan, and hemipelagic/pelagic, respectively, represented progressive upward transgression from slope to basin plain systems controlled by progressive thrusting.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Basalte olivine"

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Tariq, Zeeshan, Muhammad Ali, Bicheng Yan, Shuyu Sun, and Hussein Hoteit. "Machine Learning Modeling of Saudi Arabian basalt/CO2/brine Wettability Prediction: Implications for CO2 Geo-Storage." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0755.

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ABSTRACT CO2 wettability and the reservoir rock-fluid interfacial interactions are crucial parameters that regulates the successful CO2 geological sequestration. This study implemented the feed-forward neural network to model the wettability behavior of Saudi Arabian (SA) basaltic rocks in a ternary system of basaltic rocks, CO2, and brine under different operating conditions. To gain higher accuracy of the machine learning models, a sufficient dataset was utilized that was recorded by conducting a large number of laboratory experiments under a realistic pressure range, 0 – 25 MPa and the temperatures range, 298 – 343 K. Different graphical exploratory data analysis techniques, such as heatmaps, violin plots, and pair plots were used to analyze the experimental dataset. The machine learning models were trained to predict the receding and advancing contact angles of SA basalt/CO2/brine systems. Both statistical evaluation and graphical analyses were performed to show the reliability and performance of the developed models. The results showed that the implemented ML model accurately predicted the wettability behavior under various operating conditions. INTRODUCTION Geological formations offer a promising solution to reduce global warming and achieve a low-CO2 economy by injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into them (Alam et al., 2014; Bethke, 2007; Egermann et al., 2005, 2005; Iglauer et al., 2015; Wang et al., 1998). Saudi Arabia, a significant hydrocarbon-producing country, possesses numerous existing infrastructures and transportation pipelines suitable for natural gas storage, which could be utilized for large-scale CO2 storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, saline aquifers, and salt caverns. Moreover, sedimentary formations like shales, tight sandstone or carbonates, and igneous rocks such as basalts have recently emerged as potential formations to investigate for CO2 storage (Yan et al., 2022c). Dark-colored, fine-grained igneous rocks called basalts consist mainly of pyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine. They are more abundant and accessible than shales, and the Cenozoic volcanic rocks in Saudi Arabia are one of the largest areas of alkali olivine basalt worldwide, covering nearly 90,000 km2. Carbon mineralization is the primary method of CO2 storage in reactive rocks like basalt, and research has shown that basalt can be suitable for CO2 storage through this method, or residual trapping if the basalt formation is capped. Basalt is distributed worldwide with a favorable mineral composition, significant thickness, and good vesicular texture. In contrast to silica minerals in sedimentary formations, CO2 injection into volcanic rocks like basalt can swiftly initiate carbon mineralization and mineral trapping, as evidenced by successful pilot project trials conducted in Washington State (USA) and Iceland, which showed that most of the injected CO2 was mineralized in less than two years.
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Slezak, Paul, Danny Hnatyshin, Alejandro Andrew, Eoin Dunlevy, Hilde Koch, Mark Holdstock, and Murray W. Hitzman. "A review of the Limerick Igneous Suite: links to base-metal mineralization in the SW Irish Orefield." In Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits around the world. Irish Association for Economic Geology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61153/kqbg9141.

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The Limerick Igneous Suite (LIS) in SW Ireland consists of massive flows, hypabyssal intrusions, tuffs, agglomerates, and diatremes and is spatially associated with multiple base metal prospects, deposits, and historic mines in the Limerick Syncline. The LIS is subdivided into two igneous units: 1) the Knockroe, which is dominantly alkaline basalt to trachyandesite in composition, and 2) the Knockseefin, which forms a range of alkaline basalt to basanite compositions. Recent drilling has uncovered new, olivine-bearing porphyritic basalts that correspond to the Knockroe unit and may represent the highest degree of partial melting in the LIS. A new sulphide Re–Os isochron from the Ballywire prospect yielded an age of 340.9 ± 2.4 Ma and represents the first known mineralization age in the Limerick Syncline, which is contemporaneous with LIS emplacement. How-ever, the 187Os/188Os of 0.48 is indicative of base metal derivation from crustal rocks akin to Palaeozoic basement as opposed to an igneous or mafic source. The LIS was not likely a source of metals, but the coeval emplacement between the LIS and mineralization in the Limerick Syncline suggests the LIS may have been a source of hydrothermalism in the region. Yet the intrusions themselves were emplaced in fault networks, hindering rather than enhancing hydrothermal fluid flow.
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Gawronska, A. J., K. Cronberger, and C. R. Neal. "IMPLICATIONS OF BIMODAL OLIVINE COMPOSITIONS IN VHK BASALTS." In 52nd Annual North-Central GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018nc-313048.

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Lytle, Kari, Nicole E. Moore, and Anita L. Grunder. "OLIVINE COMPOSITIONS OF THE LOWER STEENS BASALT: PROBING INTO MAGMA HISTORIES OF EARLY FLOOD BASALT EVENTS." In 112th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016cd-274393.

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Yogodzinski, Gene, and Anders McCarthy. "HIGH H2O IN WESTERN VS EASTERN ALEUTIAN BASALTS FROM CALCIUM-IN-OLIVINE HYGROMETRY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-340283.

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Krylova, Vera, and Igor Gertner. "Diagnostics of Olivine from Xenoliths from Basalts of Canary Islands and Yoko-Dovyren Massif." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1373.

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Hamdi, Zakaria, Raja Zuhaili Aimran Raja Zainal Raffik, Oluwole Talabi, Urval Patel, Eric Mackay, and Mahmood Bataee. "CO2 Mineral Trapping in Basaltic Formation During CO2 Storage." In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208935-ms.

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Abstract The rise in global warming is due to the high emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) around the world. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions, a by-product from the petroleum industry, is contributors to climate change. One technology that may help curb CO2 gas emissions is injecting the gas into the subsurface reservoir. In this study, CO2 mineral trapping behaviour and its reactions within a wet basaltic rock containing Olivine mineral are captured and simulated in a full field numerical simulation model. A 2-stage approach was planned to develop the full field numerical model. In the first stage, a single cell model was developed, assessed and matched to the literature experiments with several assumptions considered and applied. Following this, the second stage involved developing a full field model to observe and analyse the distribution and concentration of CO2 during injection, as well as its sequestration as a solid phase (i.e., mineral trapping). The overall volume ratio of injected CO2 versus water was also assessed to ensure enough CO2 were injected into the basalt rock ensuring clear distribution of CO2 in the rock either in dissolved, trapped, or mobile state. In this study, the injected volume covered 4% of the total water volume. Results show that mineralization occurs faster than expected when CO2 gas was introduced to the wet basaltic rock especially near the CO2 injector wellbore. The mineralization speed depends on the reaction rate, modelling (cell) surface area and volume as well as the reaction rate coefficient where it was tuned to match the experimental results. The time required for the CO2 component to travel within the rock was also assessed to give a clear picture of the CO2 distribution where it took 10 years to reach 1000 ft away from the injector wellbore within a 440 ft thick reservoir.
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Zhang, Yishen, Olivier Namur, Bernard Charlier, and Marian Holness. "A general model for olivine growth rate and morphology in basaltic melts." In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.14946.

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Callejas, Odalys, and Megan Holycross. "EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MGO DIFFUSION DURING OLIVINE DISSOLUTION IN A HYDROUS BASALTIC MELT." In GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-394405.

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Bedoyan, Laura Ani, Laura Waters, Kirsten P. Nicolaysen, Madeleine Wilner, and Eugene Humphreys. "PRE-ERUPTIVE CONDITIONS AND MELTS MODELING OF MAGMATIC DENSITIES FOR IMNAHA AND POWDER RIVER OLIVINE BASALTS." In 115th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019cd-329332.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Basalte olivine"

1

Smith, Amy. Subsurface Igneous Mineral Microbiology: Iron-Oxidizing Organotrophs on Olivine Surfaces and the Significance of Mineral Heterogeneity in Basalts. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.294.

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