Статті в журналах: "Barriers for women"

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Kochar, Indu, and Venkateswaran Dr. C. "Women Glass Ceiling: Barriers and strategies." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 04 (February 28, 2020): 1611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201269.

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KORDAKI, Maria, and Ioannis BERDOUSIS. "IDENTIFYING BARRIERS FOR WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN COMPUTER SCIENCE." Pro Edu. International Journal of Educational Sciences 2, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26520/peijes.2020.2.2.5-20.

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Modarresi, Meisam, Zahra Arasti, Kambiz Talebi, and Maghsoud Farasatkhah. "Growth barriers of women-owned home-based businesses in Iran: an exploratory study." Gender in Management: An International Journal 32, no. 4 (June 5, 2017): 244–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-03-2016-0069.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the growth barriers of women’s home-based businesses (HBBs) in Iran. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative approach was used by 22 in-depth interviews with Iranian female HBBs owners/mangers. Findings Business growth barriers of women were categorized in a multi-level framework of individual barriers (micro), business-related barriers (medium) and environmental barriers (macro). The most important micro-level barrier is lack of skills and experience, while the financial barriers identified as the most business-related one and, finally, the problems of having work interactions with men is the most important environmental barrier women-owned HBBs mentioned. Research limitations/implications The results of this paper can help policy-makers better understand growth barriers for women-owned HBB and attenuate these barriers by developing purposeful supportive growth policies that are commensurate with the barriers. Also, HBB women owners themselves could better concentrate on removing barriers by deepening their understanding of their business growth barriers. Originality/value The paper contributes to the scarce knowledge about women-owned HBBs in Iran, a rapidly growing, developing country, which can provide better insights from a less explored context. Moreover, as there is only a limited understanding of HBB growth, especially in relation to women business owners, the paper results can prove helpful for researchers in the domain of female entrepreneurs.

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Sytsma, Terin T., Kate P. Zimmerman, Jennifer B. Manning, Sarah M. Jenkins, Nancy C. Nelson, Matthew M. Clark, Kristi Boldt, and Kristi S. Borowski. "Perceived Barriers to Exercise in the First Trimester of Pregnancy." Journal of Perinatal Education 27, no. 4 (October 2018): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.27.4.198.

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Regular physical activity has been shown to improve pregnancy outcomes. We sought to identify barriers to exercise during the first trimester of pregnancy. Five hundred forty-nine pregnant women in their first trimester rated barriers to exercise on a scale of 1 (not a barrier) to 5 (a huge barrier) and recorded physical activity (minutes/week). Women were placed into one of three classifications, nonexercisers (zero exercise), infrequent exercisers (<150 minutes/week), or exercisers (≥150 minutes/week). The greatest barriers (mean) were nausea/fatigue (3.0) and lack of time (2.6). Exercisers reported significantly lower barrier levels. Nausea/fatigue was a greater barrier for nonexercisers compared to exercisers (3.6 vs 2.8, p < .001). Focusing education and interventions on these barriers may help pregnant women achieve healthy exercise levels.

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Giacaman, Rita, and Penny Johnson. "Palestinian women; Breaking barriers." Peace Review 2, no. 4 (September 1990): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659008425574.

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Cotton, P. "Women physicians target barriers." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 269, no. 8 (February 24, 1993): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.269.8.965.

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Cotton, Paul. "Women Physicians Target Barriers." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 269, no. 8 (February 24, 1993): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03500080013003.

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Logan, TK, Erin Stevenson, Lucy Evans, and Carl Leukefeld. "Rural and Urban Women’s Perceptions of Barriers to Health, Mental Health, and Criminal Justice Services: Implications for Victim Services." Violence and Victims 19, no. 1 (February 2004): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.1.37.33234.

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The purpose of this study was to examine rural and urban women’s perceptions of barriers to health and mental health services as well as barriers to criminal justice system services. Eight focus groups were conducted, two in a selected urban county (n= 30 women) and two in each of three selected rural counties (n= 98 women). Results were classified into a barrier framework developed in the health service utilization literature which suggests there are four main dimensions of barriers: affordability, availability, accessibility, and acceptability. Results indicate that: (1) women face many barriers to service use including affordability, availability, accessibility, and acceptability barriers; (2) it takes an inordinate level of effort to obtain all kinds of services; however, women with victimization histories may face additional barriers over and above women without victimization histories; (3) barriers to health and mental health service utilization overlap with barriers to utilizing the criminal justice system; and (4) there are many similarities in barriers to service use among rural and urban women; however, there are some important differences suggesting barriers are contextual. Future research is needed to further clarify barriers to service use for women with victimization histories in general, and specifically for rural and urban women. In addition, future research is needed to better understand how women cope with victimization in the context of the specific barriers they face in their communities.

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Maddock, Su. "Barriers to women are barriers to local government." Local Government Studies 19, no. 3 (September 1993): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003939308433685.

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Schuler, Petra B., Jane L. P. Roy, Debra Vinci, Steven F. Philipp, and Samantha J. Cohen. "Barriers and Motivations to Exercise in Older African American and European American Women." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v4i3.1964.

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Older adults, women, and minorities are the least active segments of the US population. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and motivations to exercise associated with older African American and European American women. Eighty-nine European American and 115 African American women (mean age 72 years) completed a pencil-and-paper questionnaire composed of general demographic information and a list of 10 motivations and six barriers to exercise; participants were asked to check all barriers and motivations that applied to them. Significant ethnic differences were found for one barrier (too expensive) and one motivation (doctor’s orders). Significantly more European American women perceived expenses to be a barrier to exercise (χ 2 = 3.94, p

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Cannioto, Rikki A. "Physical Activity Barriers, Behaviors, and Beliefs of Overweight and Obese Working Women: A Preliminary Analysis." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 19, no. 1 (April 2010): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.19.1.70.

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Despite much research investigating physical activity (PA) barriers for American women, the PA barriers experienced by overweight and obese working women remain largely unexamined. This preliminary investigation assessed the PA barriers, behaviors, and beliefs of 40 overweight/obese women with full-time desk jobs for the subsequent development and implementation of a tailored “healthy weight” wellness program. Based on qualitative and quantitative data analysis, the majority of participants weren’t sufficiently active, citing motivation and time as their biggest perceived barriers. Statistically significant relationships were identified between BMI and barrier numbers, PA levels, PA enjoyment, and PA importance; as well as between PA levels and barrier numbers, PA enjoyment, and PA importance. An effective PA intervention should emphasize 300 minutes of PA a week, while incorporating evidence-based behavioral strategies (i.e., goal setting, self-monitoring, contingency management, social support, stimulus control, and cognitive restructuring) that have been proven to decrease barriers and increase PA adherence among overweight and obese individuals.

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Groton, Danielle, and Melissa Radey. "“I’ve Been Through It”: Assessing Employment Barriers among Unaccompanied Women Experiencing Homelessness." Social Work Research 45, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/swr/svab003.

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Abstract Women represent a growing segment of the homeless population; however, little work has examined employment among an important segment of this population: women unaccompanied by children. This study addressed the following research questions: Which common employment barriers (that is, physical health, mental health, substance abuse, or domestic violence) influence employment of unaccompanied women experiencing homelessness? How do these barriers influence the employment experiences of the women? The authors analyzed a cross-sectional sample of unaccompanied women in one community’s homeless management information system (n = 1,331). Then they completed semistructured interviews (n = 20) with a subsample of these women. Logistic regression analyses indicated that no employment barrier significantly related to current employment status. Interview data indicated that women perceived physical and mental health issues as barriers to full-time employment. Women reported a struggle to maintain housing even when they had employment. Integrated quantitative and qualitative analyses identified how agency data regarding barriers and employment may miss central barriers (for example, stigma, physical presentation) and employment engagement. Study findings provide support for programs that address housing and current barriers before other employment barriers, the importance of improving federal measures, and recommendations to strengthen agency-level data collection to inform program development and community-based research.

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13

Gwynne, Peter. "Women break the business barriers." Physics World 16, no. 5 (May 2003): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/16/5/13.

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Forbes, J. Benjamin, James E. Piercy, and Thomas L. Hayes. "Women executives: Breaking down barriers?" Business Horizons 31, no. 6 (November 1988): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(88)90016-x.

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Subodh, N., P. Murthy, P. Chand, V. Rani, and V. Benegal. "Barriers to care for women with substance use." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71822-3.

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IntroductionSubstance use among females showing an increasing trend in India. Though there is an increase in the rate of women approaching Deaddiction centre for treatment it is lower than the community prevalence of women with substance use.ObjectivesThis study aims to look at the barriers preventing women from seeking treatment.AimTo assess the self reported barriers to seek treatment for women with substance users.MethodologyA total of 50 substance using women were included among 52 visiting our de-addiction centre from Oct 09 till early part of Jan 10. All of them were self rated on barrier to care questionnaire specially prepared for the study.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 42.32 (SD 12.37). Majority of them were married, house wives studied up to primary. The most common substances used were Alcohol and tobacco (36%), followed by alcohol (26%) and tobacco (26%). The common perceived barriers to care are substance use has a solution to their problem (80%), disadvantage life circumstances (70%), lack of information on treatment options (64%), limited knowledge about treatment available (64%), shame/guilt of using the substance (64%) and limited knowledge about substance use problems (62%).ConclusionFindings highlights the areas that require attention for women with substance use. Handling these issues in a better way may increase the treatment seeking in women substance users.

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Shafira, Aqmalia, and Lidia Mayangsari. "A Study Towards Barriers of Organic Personal Care Consumption Among Indonesian Young Woman." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 5, no. 8 (August 2, 2020): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i8.463.

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In recent decades, consumers begin shifting in the use of healthy products, since people are starting to become aware of the adverse effects caused by synthetic chemicals for health. Several studies that show the global demand for organic products has risen annually, including organic personal care, that has become an inevitable trend. While women are willing to pay more on organic personal care brands, they have doubts about issues related to the ingredients of brands that promise to be all organic. This study aims to measure the influences between barriers towards organic personal care consumption among 400 young women in Jabodetabek and Bandung with the use of Innovation Resistance Theory (IRT). The research was conducted using questionnaires and analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, with SmartPLS Software. The results indicate that usage barrier, value barrier, tradition barrier have positively and significantly affected organic personal care products consumption, except for risk barriers and image barriers which have insignificant effects. These findings might be useful to create business strategies for organic personal care SMEs in Indonesia, by taking more attention towards the indicator aspect on usage barriers, value barriers and tradition barriers.

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Gonçalves, Leila Luiza Conceição, Gabriela Lima Travassos, Ana Maria de Almeida, Alzira Maria D’Ávila Nery Guimarães, and Cristiane Franca Lisboa Gois. "Barriers in health care to breast cancer: perception of women." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 48, no. 3 (June 2014): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420140000300002.

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Identifying the barriers in the access to health care to breast cancer perceived by women undergoing chemotherapy.Method: An exploratory descriptive study. The sample consisted of 58 women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy and registered in the public oncology ambulatory of Aracaju-Sergipe. Data collection was carried out between October 2011 and March 2012 by semistructured interviews, and data were processed using the SPSS, version 17.Results: Among the interviewed women, 37 (63.8%) reported at least a barrier in the trajectory of care for breast cancer. The organizational and health services barriers were the most reported in the periods of investigation and treatment of breast cancer.Conclusion: In face of these findings, the barriers should be considered in public health policies and programs for the control of breast cancer in Sergipe.

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Chapola, John, Fan Lee, Agatha Bula, Clement Mapanje, Billy Rodwell Phiri, Nenani Kamtuwange, Mercy Tsidya, Jennifer H. Tang, and Lameck Chinula. "Barriers to follow-up after an abnormal cervical cancer screening result and the role of male partners: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (September 2021): e049901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049901.

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IntroductionCervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in Malawi, but preventable through screening. Malawi primarily uses visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for screening, however, a follow-up for positive screening results remains a major barrier, in rural areas. We interviewed women who underwent a community-based screen-and-treat campaign that offered same-day treatment with thermocoagulation, a heat-based ablative procedure for VIA-positive lesions, to understand the barriers in accessing post-treatment follow-up and the role of male partners in contributing to, or overcoming these barriers.MethodsWe conducted in-depths interviews with 17 women recruited in a pilot study that evaluated the safety and acceptability of community-based screen-and-treat programme using VIA and thermocoagulation for cervical cancer prevention in rural Lilongwe, Malawi. Ten of the women interviewed presented for post-treatment follow-up at the healthcare facility and seven did not. The interviews were analysed for thematic content surrounding barriers for attending for follow-up and role of male partners in screening.ResultsTransportation was identified as a major barrier to post-thermocoagulation follow-up appointment, given long distances to the healthcare facility. Male partners were perceived as both a barrier for some, that is, not supportive of 6-week post-thermocoagulation abstinence recommendation, and as an important source of support for others, that is, encouraging follow-up attendance, providing emotional support to maintaining post-treatment abstinence and as a resource in overcoming transportation barriers. Regardless, the majority of women desired more male partner involvement in cervical cancer screening.ConclusionDespite access to same-day treatment, long travel distances to health facilities for post-treatment follow-up visits remained a major barrier for women in rural Lilongwe. Male partners were identified both as a barrier to, and an important source of support for accessing and completing the screen-and-treat programme. To successfully eliminate cervical cancer in Malawi, it is imperative to understand the day-to-day barriers women face in accessing preventative care.

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Kleinman, Sherryl, and Edward C. Lehman. "Women Clergy: Breaking Through Gender Barriers." Contemporary Sociology 15, no. 2 (March 1986): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071749.

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Ebaugh, Helen Rose, and Edward C. Lehman. "Women Clergy: Breaking through Gender Barriers." Review of Religious Research 27, no. 3 (March 1986): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3511438.

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Lvovna Busygina, Alla, Oksana Petrovna Denisova, Darya Borisovna Shtrikova, Olga D. Kravchenko, and Valentina I. Kuzmenko. "BARRIERS IN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 4 (October 8, 2019): 1143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.74155.

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Purpose: The current situation shows that women, in comparison with men, are a more vulnerable social group. Gender stereotypes lead to an underestimation of the abilities of women and their labor input. Methodology: The paper analyzes two groups of gender stereotypes, which in fact represent barriers that impede the professional development of women in the Russian labor market. The authors established a level of agreement with the influence of barriers on female professional activity in two groups of respondents - women with or without professional experience. Result: The authors identified and compared the leading barriers to female professional activities. In general, in the structure of the female professional mentality, there are certain personal stereotypes that, together with socially determined gender stereotypes, have a complex impact on unlocking the female employment potential. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of barriers in the professional development of women is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

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Charlton, Joy, and Edward C. Lehman. "Women Clergy: Breaking Through Gender Barriers." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 26, no. 3 (September 1987): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1386444.

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Falk, Laurence L., and Edward C. Lehman. "Women Clergy: Breaking through Gender Barriers." Sociological Analysis 47, no. 2 (1986): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3711465.

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Moreno, Jennette P., and Craig A. Johnston. "Barriers to Physical Activity in Women." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 8, no. 3 (February 21, 2014): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827614521954.

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Rostiyanti, Susy F., Seng Hansen, and Steven Harison. "Understanding the barriers to women’s career in construction industry: Indonesian perspective." International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14424/ijcscm100420-267-283.

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Women’s involvement in the Indonesian construction industry is considerably low accounting for less than 3% of the total workers. Construction as a male-dominated industry becomes a barrier for women to join the workforce. The increase in the need for workforces is proportional to the growth in construction development. The needs cannot only be provided by male workers. Women's participation in the construction industry will contribute to the shortage of human capital demand. The aim of this research is to find the factors that impede women to pursue their careers in the construction industry. 21 factors are gathered from an extensive literature review. After conducting expert interviews, the factors are developed into a questionnaire and distributed to women who are already in the workforce. The analysis based on the Relative Important Index shows that the most influential barrier to women in construction is the lack of worksite security. The factor analysis found five critical barriers to women’s careers in the construction industry. Developing these barriers to a framework gives a broader perspective about the sources of each critical barrier. Internal as well as external elements including worksite, organization, and the industry itself have been the cause that prevents women to pursue their careers in the construction industry.

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Adhikary, Jyoti Regmi. "Barriers to Career Progression: A Study of the Perceptions of Nepali Women Employees." Journal of Business and Management Research 1, no. 2 (September 26, 2016): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbmr.v1i2.15657.

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Recent decades have witnessed unprecedented changes in workforce composition, resulting in women’s increased involvement in the labor force. However, the proportion of women employees vary significantly within various organizational levels, with more women confined to junior level positions within organizations. This study, conducted in two phases, explored the career progression barriers as perceived by Nepali women employees to develop a set of 22-items questionnaire which was then used to examine how 114 women employees perceived those barriers in their career in management. Effort was also made to find if the perceived barriers were specific to any sub-group (position, job responsibility, and/or organization type). Findings of the study revealed that societal-related barrier was most prominent within which marriage during prime of career significantly hampered the career development of Nepali women employees. Further analysis indicated that the perceived barriers were not specific to any sub-group. These results have implications for organizations to improve policies and facilities in order to promote women’s career progression. Limitations of the study are identified and suggestions for future results are discussed.Journal of Business and Management Research, Vol. 1 (2), 2016, pp. 17-32

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Coffey, Margaret, Anne Coufopoulos, and Karen Kinghorn. "Barriers to employment for visually impaired women." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 7, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-06-2013-0022.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore barriers to employment for visually impaired (VI) women and potential solutions to those barriers. Design/methodology/approach – Mixed methods, comprising three phases; first, exploratory interviews with VI women (n=6) and employers (n=3); second, a survey to assess the barriers to employment experienced by this group (n=96); and third, in-depth interviews with VI women (n=15). This paper reports phases 2 and 3. Findings – The most commonly reported barriers to work were: negative employer attitudes; the provision of adjustments in the workplace; restricted mobility; and having an additional disability/health condition. Significantly more barriers were reported by women: who reported that their confidence had been affected by the barriers they had experienced; with dependents under 16; and women who wanted to work. Research limitations/implications – Key solutions to these barriers included: training for employers; adaptive equipment; flexibility; better support; training and work experience opportunities; and more widely available part-time employment opportunities. Originality/value – This paper adds to the literature in respect of the key barriers to employment for VI women, together with providing key solutions to these barriers.

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March, Sebastià, Barbara Villalonga, Carmen Sanchez-Contador, Clara Vidal, Aina Mascaro, Maria de Lluc Bennasar, and Magdalena Esteva. "Barriers to and discourses about breast cancer prevention among immigrant women in Spain: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 8, no. 11 (November 2018): e021425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021425.

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ObjectivesTo identify knowledge, barriers and discourses about breast cancer screening in Spain among female immigrants from low-income countries and native Spanish women from a low socioeconomic class.DesignQualitative interview study with thematic analysis interpreted using cultural mediators.SettingMallorca, Spain.ParticipantsThirty-six in-depth interviews, using cultural mediators, of immigrant women living in Mallorca who were 50–69 years old and were from Maghreb, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, China or were native to Spain and from a low socioeconomic class.ResultsWe analysed the interviews to assess breast cancer perceptions and beliefs, discourses about breast cancer prevention and barriers to accessing breast cancer prevention programmes. Although the women reported an association of breast cancer with death, they acknowledged the effectiveness of early detection. They also exhibited reluctance to talk about cancer. Discourses about cancer prevention tended to be proactive or fatalistic, depending on the woman’s country of origin. For all women, fear of results and lack of time were barriers that limited participation in breast cancer prevention programmes. Language barriers, frequent changes of residence and fear due to status as an irregular (undocumented) immigrant were barriers specific to immigrant women.ConclusionsThe culture of origin affects whether an immigrant has a fatalistic or proactive approach toward breast cancer screening. Immigrants from low-income countries and Spanish natives from a low socioeconomic class experience barriers in access to breast cancer screening. Frequently changing homes is also a barrier for immigrant women.

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Zou, Ping, Jing Shao, Yan Luo, Aarabi Thayaparan, Hui Zhang, Arzoo Alam, Lichun Liu, and Souraya Sidani. "Facilitators and Barriers to Healthy Midlife Transition among South Asian Immigrant Women in Canada: A Qualitative Exploration." Healthcare 9, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9020182.

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Background: South Asian immigrant women make up the largest visible minority in Canada, where visible minorities include persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour, and approximately half of these women are above the age of 35. Few studies have investigated the factors that impact the midlife transition for these women. This study aims to identify the facilitators and barriers experienced by South Asian immigrant women during the midlife transition. Methods: Two focus groups and ten one-on-one interviews about the midlife transition were held with South Asian first-generation immigrant women in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada; discussions were analyzed thematically. Findings: Personal facilitators to the midlife transition included being employed and possessing adequate life skills. Personal barriers consisted of financial strain, overwhelming demands, and limited life skills. Familial facilitators were stable financial status and support. Familial barriers included limited understanding and support and high expectations. Community facilitators included a close social circle and adequate healthcare. Community barriers were limited social support and cultural expectations. Fair and respectful societies were a facilitator, whereas inadequate policy support and acculturative stress were societal barriers. An environmental barrier was the colder Canadian climate. Discussion: Employment and education programs for South Asian immigrant women need to be prioritized to help them integrate into society. Family-centred assessment and education can improve familial support. Communities need to foster peer support groups and culturally sensitive healthcare. Social and employment policies should accommodate the midlife transition. Conclusions: South Asian immigrant women experience unique facilitators and barriers to their midlife transition that should be considered by healthcare providers, policymakers and society to support them.

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Shafira Putri, Aisha Nur, and Shimaditya Nuraeni. "Study Of Barriers in Purchasing Organic Clothing Product Among Z Generation Women in Indonesia." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 564–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i9.1057.

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Nowadays, organic product demand seems to arise and many people start to change their lifestyle to using organic products. Ranging from organic food, organic personal care, organic crafts to organic fashion. There are various kinds of fashion products and one of them is organic clothing products. Organic clothes are clothes that mainly use organic fabrics that are made of natural fibers using natural materials. However, in Indonesia, it seems like there are still people who do not use this organic clothing product because of the skepticism or they do not have adequate knowledge about organic clothing products. It indicates that some barriers occur to consumers, so they haven't used organic clothing. Within this study, the researchers tried to analyze the barriers to purchasing organic clothing products among 166 women in the gen-z in Jabodetabek and Bandung with the use of Innovation Resistance Theory (IRT). The research was conducted using questionnaires and analyzed using Multiple Linear regression with SPSS Software. The results indicate that risk barrier and tradition barrier have positively and significantly affected organic clothing products purchase intention. These findings may be useful in developing business strategies for organic clothing SMEs in Indonesia, with a focus on the indicator aspect of risk barriers and traditional barriers.

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Bigaard, J., J. H. Mortensen, and A. B. Kvernrød. "Barriers for Young Women to Participate in The Danish Cervical Screening Program." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 55s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.54600.

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Background: In Denmark, the coverage rate for cervical cancer screening is about 75% for women aged 23 to 64 years whereas the participation rate is 65%. The participation rate varies with age, and is between 47%-57% among women in their twenties. In 2005, a qualitative study among women between 23 and 39 years found a range of barriers for nonparticipation. Barriers were lack of knowledge about the aim of cervical screening (i.e., the possibilities for early detection and treatment of cervical dysplasia), lack of knowledge about HPV as a very common virus causing dysplasia and cervical cancer and finding the time to make an appointment with the GP. 10 years later a follow-up study among women aged 30 to 50 years found similar barriers (i.e., lack of knowledge about HPV and cervical screening as a preventative method). Despite the different barriers, most women wanted to take part in screening, but a busy everyday life meant that they forgot about the invitation or they did not book an appointment with their GP. Aim: We investigated barriers for participation in the first generation of HPV-vaccinated women in Denmark aged 23 to 29 years. Methods: Qualitative interviews (focus groups) with women aged 23 to 29 years, who had all received one or more invitations to partake in cervical cancer screening, but who had not participated. Results: A preliminary analysis of the first six focus groups identified a handful of interrelated barriers similar to older women. The most important barrier being insufficient knowledge or lack of knowledge about HPV as the cause of dysplasia/cervical cancer (i.e., the high incidence of HPV-infection in women under the age of 35). Furthermore, few women knew about the screening program being an important supplement to their HPV-vaccine, and therefore did not find the program of relevance to them. Conclusion: Surprisingly, the preliminary results suggest important barriers for participation in cervical screening for women aged 23 to 29 to be insufficient knowledge or lack of knowledge about HPV-infection and the importance of regular smear tests as a supplement to their HPV-vaccine. The women did not perceive the smear test relevant enough to exert action and book an appointment with their GP. Barriers remained similar across age groups within the last 12 years despite health campaigns.

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Rizk, Diaa E. E. "Measuring barriers to urinary incontinence care seeking in women: the knowledge barrier." Neurourology and Urodynamics 28, no. 1 (January 2009): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.20614.

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Zhao, Yingqi, and Beverley R. Lord. "Chinese women in the accounting profession." Meditari Accountancy Research 24, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 226–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-08-2015-0058.

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Purpose This exploratory research aims to investigate the barriers to career advancement for women accountants in China. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight accountants working for business companies and occupying different-level positions. Findings Women accountants in China encounter barriers throughout their career paths. The main barrier is a negative perception of women’s work performance after having a child. Although the modern communist state claims that women have a role equal to that of men in their work contributions, centuries-old Confucian attitudes constrain women in their choices of balance between work and home life. Originality/value The findings of this research call for enforcement of employment laws in China to give women equal opportunities in both recruitment and promotion. This research contributes to both Western and Chinese existing literature, confirming some prior findings that are contrary to modern China’s rhetoric that “Women hold up half the sky”. It also adds the perspective of accountants working in business companies rather than public practice accounting firms.

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Lee, Guek Eng, Mandy Y. L. Ow, Desiree Lie, and Rebecca Alexandra Dent. "Barriers and facilitators for clinical trial participation among diverse Asian patients with breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 26_suppl (September 10, 2014): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.26_suppl.108.

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108 Background: Recruitment rates for breast cancer trials are low for racial/ethnic minorities. Little is known about factors influencing trial recruitment in Asian patients. Our aim is to examine the barriers and facilitators for participation in trials among multi-ethnic Asian women with breast cancer. Methods: We recruited a convenience sample from consecutive women seen at a National Cancer Centre. Two experienced bilingual (English and Chinese) moderators conducted focus groups to theme saturation. The question guide incorporated open-ended questions soliciting opinions about trial participation and knowledge. Women were first asked if they were willing, unwilling, or still open to participate in future trials. Sessions were audiotaped and transcribed. Transcripts were independently coded for emergent themes. Results: Sixteen of 103 women approached participated in five focus groups. Chinese, Malay and Indian participants aged 29 to 69 represented different cancer stages. Five had no prior knowledge of trials. We identified three major areas consisting of 24 minor themes for barriers and facilitators. Major themes fell into: 1) individual- or patient-related, 2) trial-related and and 3) sociocultural factors. When analysis was stratified by willingness to join trials, we found that women willing to join trials expressed themes representing facilitators (better test therapy, cost-effective profile, or trust in doctors and local systems). Women unwilling to participate expressed themes associated with barriers, while women still open to participation expressed themes representing both facilitators and barriers. Malay women were more likely to express themes related to ‘fatalism’ as a barrier. Conclusions: We found that facilitators and barriers to trial participation among Asian women were similar to those previously reported in Western women. Knowledge of trials is limited among women receiving breast cancer treatment. Unique sociocultural factors suggest that approaches customised to local and community beliefs are needed to improve trial participation in minority groups.

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Goel, Priya, Mamta Nebhinani, and Raj Rani. "Knowledge and barriers towards use of family planning methods among women: a study from Western India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 4385. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204734.

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Background: Family planning is an important component of reproductive health. Through family planning, couples can plan the number and spacing of their children. The use of family planning method depends on the various factors such as knowledge and largely on the barriers faced by women. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and barriers towards use of family planning methods among women.Methods: This study was conducted at Village Dhawa, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Data were collected from 380 married women selected by convenient sampling technique. Data collection tool included Self-structured knowledge questionnaire and barrier rating scale. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Most commonly used method of family planning was Sterilization. More than half of women (58.4%) had fair knowledge regarding family planning methods. Mean knowledge score was 15.48±3.14. Unawareness about the existing method was most reported barrier and Costs too much was least reported barrier. The knowledge level of women had significant association with religion and occupation (p level <0.05).Conclusions: Overall women had fair level of knowledge regarding family planning methods. Lack of awareness emerged as a key barrier in use of these methods by women. There is need to implement extensive awareness programs and empower women as active decision makers with respect to use of family planning methods.

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Cacciola, Emily, and Elia Psouni. "Insecure Attachment and Other Help-Seeking Barriers among Women Depressed Postpartum." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (May 30, 2020): 3887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113887.

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When untreated, postpartum depression (PPD) can severely, negatively affect maternal health, child development, and the wellbeing and functioning of the entire family. Yet, despite screening and treatment programs for PPD, many women who experience depression with onset in the postpartum year do not communicate their symptoms. Negative relational experiences early in life, such as not receiving sensitive help and support when needed, often result in so-called insecure attachment styles, and there is evidence that these may contribute to the development and maintenance of PPD. However, the role of insecure attachment styles in non-help-seeking is unknown for this group. Using mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology, we identified help-seeking barriers of women who experienced depression with onset in the postpartum year but who had not sought help for their depression (N = 37), and explored links to their attachment orientations as assessed through both self-reported attachment style and narrative based attachment script assessment. The sample was non-normative regarding attachment, with an over-representation of avoidant attachment styles. Help-seeking barriers varied systematically with the mother’s adult attachment style. Specifically, convictions of a strong self and lack of trust in healthcare professionals constituted a common barrier among women with avoidant attachment styles, while unrealistic expectations about motherhood constituted a barrier for women with secure attachment styles. This new knowledge on how barriers to communicating symptoms and seeking help when suffering from PPD vary systematically with attachment orientation can help formulate individualized, and therefore more efficient, approaches to addressing non-help-seeking behavior in women who suffer in silence.

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Sanderson, Ruth Elizabeth, and Stephen Whitehead. "The gendered international school: barriers to women managers’ progression." Education + Training 58, no. 3 (March 14, 2016): 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2015-0045.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the barriers women identify to their promotion in international schools and also the ways in which women can overcome these barriers. Design/methodology/approach – The field of enquiry is international schools, with the study drawing on qualitative research. The researchers interviewed 11 women from a leading international school in Seoul, South Korea. Findings – The women interviewed provided rich qualitative data and identified a number of barriers relating to culture, including gender stereotyping and self-confidence issues, and organisational behaviour, including the lack of a work-life balance and the patriarchal and hierarchical structures in place. The suggested ways in which women could overcome the barriers included building self-confidence and seeking mentoring. Practical implications – The women also developed a list of factors that any woman would need to contemplate if she is thinking about applying to be a senior manager, including qualifications, communication skills and acknowledging, tolerating and overcoming gender unfairness, in that men do not need to think about the same issues when seeking leadership positions. Originality/value – This paper examines an area of gendered leadership that has received little critical academic scrutiny, international schools and is particularly valuable to women working in these schools. However, its scope extends to all international school leaders who seek to improve the effectiveness of their organisations by employing and promoting the best leaders available.

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Nachinab, Gilbert Ti-enkawol, Ernestina S. Donkor, and Florence Naab. "Perceived Barriers of Child Adoption: A Qualitative Study among Women with Infertility in Northern Ghana." BioMed Research International 2019 (June 9, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6140285.

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Background. Having a child is important among married women in Northern Ghana. Among married women, infertility is the main factor causing childlessness. Child adoption provides an alternative for married women to have children. The purpose of the study was to explore the perceived barriers of child adoption among women with infertility. Methods. The study used an exploratory qualitative approach to understand barriers of child adoption. The study was conducted among 15 women attending fertility clinic in a mission hospital in Northern Ghana. Participants were purposively recruited and data collected by individual face-to-face in-depth interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using content analysis. Data were collected between January and March, 2016, in an office in the hospital. Results. The results suggest that barriers of child adoption include negative reaction of husbands, psychological dissatisfaction, and family dynamics. It was realised that husbands’ reaction includes preference for biological children and marrying of second wives. Child adoption was psychologically dissatisfying to participants with some suggesting that it will make no difference and is a sign of acceptance of defeat in the quest to have biological children. The study findings also suggested that family dynamics that could hinder the practice of child adoption includes high value for blood relations, blaming of the woman, unpredictable family influence, discrimination against the adopted child, and family not allowing the adopted child to inherit property. Conclusion. The preference for biological children is by far an outstanding barrier and a major influence of all the emanating barriers associated with child adoption. There is the need for public education and special counselling session for husbands and other family members on child adoption as an alternative solution for infertility.

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Gesesew, Hailay, Pamela Lyon, Paul Ward, Kifle Woldemichael, and Lillian Mwanri. "“Our Tradition Our Enemy”: A Qualitative Study of Barriers to Women’s HIV Care in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030833.

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Evidence exists that suggests that women are vulnerable to negative HIV treatment outcomes worldwide. This study explored barriers to treatment outcomes of women in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. We interviewed 11 HIV patients, 9 health workers, 10 community advocates and 5 HIV program managers from 10 institutions using an in-depth interview guide designed to probe barriers to HIV care at individual, community, healthcare provider, and government policy levels. To systematically analyze the data, we applied a thematic framework analysis using NVivo. In total, 35 participants were involved in the study and provided the following interrelated barriers: (i) Availability— most women living in rural areas who accessed HIV cared less often than men; (ii) free antiretroviral therapy (ART) is expensive—most women who have low income and who live in urban areas sold ART drugs illegally to cover ART associated costs; (iii) fear of being seen by others—negative consequences of HIV related stigma was higher in women than men; (iv) the role of tradition—the dominance of patriarchy was found to be the primary barrier to women’s HIV care and treatment outcomes. In conclusion, barriers related to culture or tradition constrain women’s access to HIV care. Therefore, policies and strategies should focus on these contextual constrains.

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Jessup, Martha A., Janice C. Humphreys, Claire D. Brindis, and Kathryn A. Lee. "Extrinsic Barriers to Substance Abuse Treatment among Pregnant Drug Dependent Women." Journal of Drug Issues 33, no. 2 (April 2003): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260303300202.

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The objective of this qualitative study was to examine extrinsic barriers to substance abuse treatment among pregnant and parenting women enrolled in residential perinatal substance abuse treatment programs in Northern California. Life history interviews were conducted with 36 women to examine help-seeking behaviors before treatment enrollment. Data analysis used the analytic framework of Mandelbaum (1973) to describe dimensions, turnings, and adaptations of participants. Results indicated that the majority (n = 34) of participants sought prenatal care but identified fear of punitive actions from helping institutions and individuals as a major barrier. Other extrinsic barriers included substance abuse treatment program barriers, partners, the status of opiate dependency, and the status of pregnancy. Biological, socio-cultural, and psychosocial dimensions of participants' care-seeking experiences were identified. The turning was pregnancy and adaptations included preserving the family, managing fear and manifesting faith. Findings describe the transformation of the therapeutic alliance and the gendered impact of two decades of the War on Drugs in the United States. Participants' coping strategies suggest that the desire for child custody and concern for fetal and child well-being was a priority and motivated care seeking despite extrinsic barriers perceived to be threatening to the woman's safety and autonomy.

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Jelsma, Judith G. M., Karen M. van Leeuwen, Nicolette Oostdam, Christopher Bunn, David Simmons, Gernot Desoye, Rosa Corcoy, et al. "Beliefs, Barriers, and Preferences of European Overweight Women to Adopt a Healthier Lifestyle in Pregnancy to Minimize Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: An Explorative Study." Journal of Pregnancy 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3435791.

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Introduction. We explored beliefs, perceived barriers, and preferences regarding lifestyle changes among overweight European pregnant women to help inform the development of future lifestyle interventions in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods. An explorative mixed methods, two-staged study was conducted to gather information from pregnant European women (BMI≥25 kg/m2). In three European countries 21 interviews were conducted, followed by 71 questionnaires in six other European countries. Content analysis and descriptive and chi-square statistics were applied (p<0.05).Results. Women preferred to obtain detailed information about their personal risk. The health of their baby was a major motivating factor. Perceived barriers for physical activity included pregnancy-specific issues such as tiredness and experiencing physical complaints. Insufficient time was a barrier more frequently reported by women with children. Abstaining from snacking was identified as a challenge for the majority of women, especially for those without children. Women preferred to obtain support from their partner, as well as health professionals and valued flexible lifestyle programs.Conclusions. Healthcare professionals need to inform overweight pregnant women about their personal risk, discuss lifestyle modification, and assist in weight management. Lifestyle programs should be tailored to the individual, taking into account barriers experienced by overweight first-time mothers and multipara women.

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Lattimore, Diana, Sara Wilcox, Ruth Saunders, Saarah Griffin, Elizabeth Fallon, Steven Hooker, and J. Larry Durstine. "Self-Reported Barriers of Middle-Aged and Older Adults Entering a Home-Based Physical Activity Program." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v9i2.1433.

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The purpose of this study was to assess barriers experienced by mid-older adults upon entering a homebased, telephone-delivered physical activity (PA) program and examine differences in barriers for subgroups. Methods: Three hundred eighty four participants recruited from Tennessee, California, and Illinois for the Active Choices program, which was part of Active for Life®, completed one face-to-face counseling session and received follow-up telephone counseling. Barriers were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for subgroups of mid-older adults. Results: Personal, social, and environmental themes emerged as barriers. Lack of motivation was most salient for men while health barriers were more prominent for women; however, no significant differences were found between men and women. Both whites and African Americans reported lack of motivation as the most frequent barrier to PA. Health and weather barriers were more prominent for the oldest group of older adults. Few differences were reported by PA or weight status. Conclusions: In a large sample of mid-older adults varying in age, race, gender, and health status, multiple barriers to PA were reported. Differences across subgroups may have implications for future PA interventions.

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Kragel, Emily A., Logan N. Beyer, and David L. Boyd. "Barrier to Healthcare Access Faced by Indigenous Women in the Guatemalan Highland." International Journal of Indigenous Health 13, no. 1 (August 23, 2018): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32799/ijih.v13i1.30303.

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Utilizing the Framework Method, qualitative research determined the effects of potential barriers to healthcare access faced by 15 self-selected, consenting Indigenous women living in three different communities in the Guatemalan highlands. The women were actively involved in the nutritional recuperation program of the Community Organization, a non-profit clinic. Data collection involved recorded interviews based on a questionnaire designed to ensure culture competency. Responses were grouped into categories based on their relation to potential barriers to healthcare access and were then coded based on impacts on healthcare seeking behaviours. Intercoder reliability was measured and negotiated agreement of results was conducted to reach 100% agreement. Analyses of coded responses compared results between communities and between available sectors of healthcare (folk, public, and non-profit). Inductive reasoning was used to determine the effect of beliefs related to illness on healthcare seeking behaviour. Analyses showed significant differences in the impact of geographical barriers to healthcare access among communities across public and non-profit sectors of healthcare, p < 0.05, and demonstrated categorization of disease states and influence of beliefs related to illness on healthcare seeking behaviour. Results demonstrated a hierarchy of barriers, with barriers such as cost, perceived quality of care, trust of medical provider, and available time only showing a negative effect once the barrier of geography was overcome. Despite the sample bias, these results give insight into factors affecting healthcare seeking behaviours that could contribute to the low utilization of healthcare seen in this population.

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Corrarino, Jane E. "Barriers to Mammography Use for Black Women." Journal for Nurse Practitioners 11, no. 8 (September 2015): 790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.05.016.

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Michie, Susan, and Debra L. Nelson. "Barriers women face in information technology careers." Women in Management Review 21, no. 1 (January 2006): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420610643385.

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Brindley, Clare. "Barriers to women achieving their entrepreneurial potential." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 11, no. 2 (April 2005): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552550510590554.

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Eppes, Catherine, Alison Wu, Whitney You, K. A. Cameron, Patricia Garcia, and William Grobman. "Barriers to influenza vaccination among pregnant women." Vaccine 31, no. 27 (June 2013): 2874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.031.

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Siegel, Karolynn, and Eileen Gorey. "HIV-infected women: Barriers to AZT use." Social Science & Medicine 45, no. 1 (July 1997): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00303-6.

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Berga, Sarah L., and Vesna D. Garovic. "Barriers to the Care of Menopausal Women." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 94, no. 2 (February 2019): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.12.016.

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Abbasi, Kamran. "Understanding career barriers for women in surgery." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 111, no. 9 (September 2018): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0141076818800119.

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