Дисертації з теми "Barrages fluviaux"
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Roy-Gosselin, Philippe-Hubert. "Gestion des débits au barrage Samson." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29224/29224.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаShumskykh, Mykyta. "Release of trace elements from contaminated sediments into surface waters during sediments dynamics : an experimental study." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4008.
Повний текст джерелаIn aquatic systems, most of trace metals (TM) are buried in sediments and then can be released according to chemical conditions and microbial activity occurring at the sediment-water interface. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of resuspension events (flood or maintenance operations for dam reservoir) on the mobility of some TM. Different batch experiment conditions were chosen to mimic those events: under oxic and anoxic conditions on raw sediments and on gamma-irradiated ones (“sterilized” one). The use of deionized water allowed maximizing the release process. Two sediment types issued from different contexts were selected: the Villerest dam reservoir (France) and the Xiang River (China). Long term experiments (30-day long) allowed identifying that organic matter degradation, microbial activity and alteration/dissolution of trace metal bearing phases were the main controlling factors. The gamma-irradiation did not sterilize sediments but only limited aerobic bacteria and enhanced anaerobic activity. The impact of such 24h resuspension event on reservoir waters and downstream biota is very limited as less than 1% of trace elements was released
Santos, Vanessa Cristina dos [UNESP]. "Processos fluviais em barras de soldamento: rio Paraná - PR." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92770.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O rio Paraná, em seu trecho natural, possui padrão multicanal caracterizado por canais secundários de diferentes ordens, separando diversas ilhas e barras fluviais. As barras fluviais são formas semi-submersas associadas à disponibilidade de sedimentos e a um dinamismo temporal cujas dimensões são controladas pelo fluxo e pela profundidade. Neste estudo, pretende-se compreender os processos que promovem a formação, desenvolvimento e movimentação de uma barra de soldamento situada junto à ilha Santa Rosa, no rio Paraná, município de Porto Rico - PR. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram realizados levantamentos de parâmetros hidráulicos, morfométricos e granulométricos. Nos dados levantados dos parâmetros hidráulicos, verificou-se que a presença da ilha Santa Rosa, juntamente com barra fluvial, divide o canal em dois setores de dinâmica hidráulica e sedimentar distintas. O canal principal conduz a maior parcela da vazão, é mais energético, enquanto o canal secundário apresenta valores inferiores nestes dois parâmetros. A separação do fluxo também acarreta na formação de correntes divergentes à direção principal do canal, favorecendo a diminuição da velocidade e, consequentemente, a deposição de sedimentos no entorno da ilha Santa Rosa. Averiguou-se que a morfologia da barra está diretamente vinculada às flutuações de vazão do rio Paraná: em período de águas altas há maior retrabalhamento da forma, já no período de águas médias, esta se preservou parcialmente, inclusive com afloramento em parte. Quanto aos sedimentos, as partículas de diâmetro fino distribuem-se em locais de maior velocidade de fluxo e profundidade (talvegue) em ambos os períodos analisados As partículas de diâmetro médio a grosso encontram-se no período de águas altas distribuídas pela área estudada; já no período de águas médias, estes sedimentos...
The Paraná River, in its natural stretch, has a multichannel pattern characterized by secondary channels of different orders, which separates several islands and bars. The bars are forms semi-submerged associated with the availability of sediment and a temporal dynamic, whose dimensions are controlled by the flow and depth. This study intends to understand the processes which promote formation, development and movement of the annexation bar associated to the Santa Rosa Island, located on Paraná River, near to Porto Rico - PR. To achieve the proposed aims, surveys were carried out in hydraulic, morphometric and granulometric parameters. In the data hydraulic parameters survey it was found that the presence of Santa Rosa Island along with bar divides the river channel in two sectors of distinct dynamic hydraulic and sediment. The main channel leads to a higher portion of the flow, it is more energetic, while the secondary channel has lower values in these two parameters. The separation of the flow also causes the formation of divergent currents towards the main channel, favoring the decrease in velocity and consequent deposition of sediments near to Santa Rosa Island. It was found that the morphology of the bar is directly linked to fluctuations in the flow of the Paraná River, during periods of high water there is more reworking, since in this average water period partially preserved its shape, emerging in part. As for sediment, the fine diameter particles are distributed in areas of higher flow velocity and depth (thalweg) in both analyzed periods. From medium to coarse diameter particles are, in the high-water period, distributed in the studied area, although in the average water period these sediments are located in low flow velocity and depth (Bar and Secondary Channel). Specific stream power and shields parameter values are larger in the main channel in both periods, indicating... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Ribeiro, Bruno Miguel Gomes. "Efeito das barragens no transporte sedimentar fluvial." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2381.
Повний текст джерелаNa dissertação apresentada procuram-se estudar os aspectos relacionados com a diminuição do transporte sedimentar fluvial, principalmente devido à construção de barragens. Este facto é importante no balanço sedimentar negativo e consequente erosão costeira que se regista no litoral Português. Assim, analisa-se o transporte sólido antes e após a construção de barragens em dois casos reais. No Rio Tejo, a construção de inúmeras barragens, provocou uma diminuição do transporte sólido em cerca de 70 %, ao passo que, no Rio Saru (Japão), por aplicação de diferentes formulações numéricas, houve um decréscimo do transporte sedimentar fluvial em cerca de 50 %, devido ao aumento da secção de montante e consequente redução da velocidade de escoamento. Perante este facto, foram efectuados ensaios laboratoriais com sedimentos, desenvolvidos no canal de hidráulica do Departamento de Engenharia Civil da Universidade de Aveiro. Nestes ensaios simulou-se o impacto da construção de uma barragem, relacionando o caudal líquido com o caudal sólido antes e depois de se instalar um descarregador. Devido ao aumento da secção do escoamento a montante, associado ao efeito de barreira da própria barragem, o transporte sólido após a instalação do descarregador deixou de existir. Estes resultados também foram confrontados com formulações numéricas de quantificação do transporte sedimentar. A quantificação do efeito das barragens no transporte sólido fluvial não é fácil e as diversas consequências que provocam, nomeadamente na erosão costeira, não estão completamente compreendidas. Assim, foi objectivo desta dissertação contribuir para a compreensão do efeito das barragens no transporte sedimentar fluvial, verificando-se o elevado impacto que o aumento da secção do escoamento e redução da respectiva velocidade após a construção de uma barreira, têm no transporte sólido. ABSTRACT: In the presented dissertation the objective is to study the main aspects related to the decrease of the river solid transport due to the dams construction, that is pointed out to be one of the greatest causes of coastal erosion in the Northwest of Portugal. Therefore we have focused on the solid transport before and after the construction of a dam in two real case situations. In river Tejo the construction of several dams has led to the 70 % decrease of the solid transport, whereas in river Saru (Japan), through the application of different numeric formulations, there has been a decrease in the river sediment transport to about 50 %, due to the increase of the upstream reservoirs of the dams and consequent decrease of flow velocities. Considering these situations, some laboratorial tests with sediments, were developed in the hydraulic flume of the Civil Engineering Department of Aveiro University. In these tests it was simulated the impact of the construction of a dam, relating the river flow and the solid transport before and after installing the barrier. Due to the increasing of the cross section area in the upstream side associated to the barrier effect of the dam itself, the solid transport stopped. These results were also compared with numerical formulas of quantification of the sediment transport. The effects of the dams in the solid transport is not easy to achieve and the several consequences it provokes, mainly the coastal erosion, it is not completely understood. This way, the goal of this dissertation was to contribute to the comprehension of the real impacts of the dams in the river sediments transport. It was verified that the water level increase and flow velocity reduction is very important on decreasing the volumes of river sediment transport.
Pinto, Amarílio Costa e. Carvalho. "Contribuições para o estudo de descomissionamento de barragens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-20102010-120749/.
Повний текст джерелаDue to the importance of dams in Brazil and to different interests, dam decommissioning is an unavoidable issue to be discussed. Some examples of dam removal in some countries are presented to generally elucidate this subject that still hasnt been acknowledged, neither legislated in Brazil. A methodology for evaluation of decommissioning demanding, based on the potential risk offered by dams has been set up and tested over a few dams that are constituent of a data basis of dams of Piracicaba-Capivari-Jundiaí (PCJ) basins, in São Paulo state. Despite the fact that the methodology couldnt be used at its full length due to lack of field data, it has been realized when some dams of the data basis are most despised, recklessly maintained and are contestant for decommissioning.
Vilella, Fábio Silveira. "A implantação de barramentos em sistemas fluviais : ferramentas de planejamento e avaliação de impacto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28441.
Повний текст джерелаThis paper proposes to address the adequacy of ecological concepts on the functioning of river systems as a way to make the criteria for analysis of impacts to which these systems are subject through the installation of buses. Analyses were based on case studies related to the rivers of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in the Uruguay river basin. The adaptation of some concepts in a geographic information system has proved possible to produce maps with the terms fragmentation and vulnerability of the river indicated by fish species is feasible and although not eliminate the subjective component of decision making, brings the advantages in building transparency of the assessment rates of fragmentation of the river and replicability of the model in different configurations or scenarios of fragmentation. The case studies showed that for the application of structure analysis, a few paragraphs become limiting the quality of analysis, especially due to the lack of reliable data, the little information available about the richness of fish species and their biology, or the unreliability of existing data in the technical documents that integrate environmental licensing processes.
Santos, Vanessa Cristina dos. "Processos fluviais em barras de soldamento : rio Paraná - PR /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92770.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: The Paraná River, in its natural stretch, has a multichannel pattern characterized by secondary channels of different orders, which separates several islands and bars. The bars are forms semi-submerged associated with the availability of sediment and a temporal dynamic, whose dimensions are controlled by the flow and depth. This study intends to understand the processes which promote formation, development and movement of the annexation bar associated to the Santa Rosa Island, located on Paraná River, near to Porto Rico - PR. To achieve the proposed aims, surveys were carried out in hydraulic, morphometric and granulometric parameters. In the data hydraulic parameters survey it was found that the presence of Santa Rosa Island along with bar divides the river channel in two sectors of distinct dynamic hydraulic and sediment. The main channel leads to a higher portion of the flow, it is more energetic, while the secondary channel has lower values in these two parameters. The separation of the flow also causes the formation of divergent currents towards the main channel, favoring the decrease in velocity and consequent deposition of sediments near to Santa Rosa Island. It was found that the morphology of the bar is directly linked to fluctuations in the flow of the Paraná River, during periods of high water there is more reworking, since in this average water period partially preserved its shape, emerging in part. As for sediment, the fine diameter particles are distributed in areas of higher flow velocity and depth (thalweg) in both analyzed periods. From medium to coarse diameter particles are, in the high-water period, distributed in the studied area, although in the average water period these sediments are located in low flow velocity and depth (Bar and Secondary Channel). Specific stream power and shields parameter values are larger in the main channel in both periods, indicating... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: José Cândido Stevaux
Coorientador: Mario Luis Assine
Banca: Paulo Fernando Soares
Banca: Antônio Roberto Saad
Mestre
Nzango, Jerry. "Les barrages de l'Oubangui : de l'impact hydraulique actuel à la prospective environnementale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2018. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/public/2018ORLE1166_vm.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаConsidered as technological jewels since the advent of hydropower, dams provide an answer to the spatio-temporal irregularities of water at the scale of a territory. But the construction of these hydraulic structures in the river never takes place without environmental damage. The main damages are ecological and societal. Dams reduce the ecological wealth of river hydrosystems; they constitute obstacles to the fluvial continuum. However, the effects of dams in rivers depend on the size, type and management of each structure. In the Congo Basin, in this case on Ubangui, knowledge of the effects of dams is still sketchy. So, this thesis deals in an unprecedented way with the Ubangui dams through their negative impacts on the hydrosedimentary continuity. It covers both functional dams and planned dams. Hydrostatistic, sedimentological and geomatic analyzes, coupled with field investigations, have made it possible to evaluate the hydrosedimentary effects of functional dams on Ubangi. In addition, a "hydrological extrapolation" was carried out in order to explore the predictable potential effects of projected dams
Gardes, Thomas. "Reconstruction temporelle des contaminations métalliques et organiques particulaires dans le bassin versant de l'Eure et devenir des sédiments suite à l'arasement d'un barrage. Reconstruction of anthropogenic activities in legacy sediments from the Eure River, a major tributary of the Seine Estuary (France) Flux estimation, temporal trends and source determination of trace metal contamination in a major tributary of the Seine estuary, France Temporal trends, sources, and relationships between sediment characteristics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment cores from the major Seine estuary tributary, France Impacts à court-terme de l’arasement d’un barrage sur la morphologie du cours d’eau et la remobilisation de sédiments contaminés par les métaux traces Bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs, PCBs) and trace elements: Influencing factors and determination in a river sediment core." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR038.
Повний текст джерелаThe anthropogenic impact on rivers has significantly increased following the industrial revolutioninitiated by Western countries. Thus, changes in the geomorphology of rivers for water storage andnavigation, the conversion of land for agricultural, industrial and urbanization purposes illustrate thisenvironmental pressure, which results, among other things, in an increase in discharges of variouscontaminants into environmental compartments, particularly rivers. Therefore, part of these dischargescan end up in suspended particulate matter, which is then considered as storage wells, which transit inrivers. River development, particularly the construction of dams, encourages the sedimentation of these contaminated particles over time. These sediments of anthropogenic origin, also called legacy sediments, are therefore witnesses to human activities and make it possible to reconstruct the temporal trajectories of contamination within watersheds. The Eure River, a major tributary of the Seine estuary, has experienced significant anthropogenic pressures since the twentieth century. The temporal reconstruction of anthropogenic pressures has required the combination of different methodological approaches: (i) a diachronic analysis of the morphological modifications of the river was carried out, in conjunction with (ii) an analysis of the sedimentary dynamics and the nature of the sediment deposits by coupling geophysical, sedimentological and geochemical methods, and (iii) the setting up of a network for monitoring the hydro-sedimentary behaviour with continuous sampling of suspended particulate matter. Significant geomorphological changes have occurred in the lower reaches of the watershed, with the main consequences being an outlet moved some ten kilometres in the direction of a dam and the formation of hydraulic annexes favouring the accumulation of sediments as early as the 1940s. These made it possible to show that the Eure River watershed had experienced significant contamination, the consequences of which are still being recorded despite the cessation of activities or uses. The temporal trends of trace metal and metalloid elements showed strong contaminations in As in the 1940s and contaminations of industrial origin in Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag and Cd in the 1960s and 1970s, as well as contaminations in Sb and Pb in 1990–2000. The latter are still recorded despite the cessation of the activities responsible for the discharges, as evidenced by the results from the suspended particulate matter currently collected in the river. Like most trace metals, organic contaminants such as PAHs showed significant contamination during the 1940–1960s, with signatures indicating a predominantly pyrogenic origin. PCBs showed significant contamination during the period 1950–1970, in connection with the production and national uses of mixtures composed mainly of low chlorinated congeners. Finally, interest in a third family of persistent organic contaminants, organochlorine pesticides, showed the use of lindane and DDT, particularly during the 1940–1970 period, and highlighted the post-ban use of lindane and the presence of a metabolite of DDT several decades after the cessation of its use, in connection with the increase in erosion of cultivated soils
Ferreira, Diogo Carvalho. "Estudo do assoreamento em albufeiras." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3854.
Повний текст джерелаA presente dissertação tem como principal objectivo estudar o assoreamento que acontece nas albufeiras de barragens, de forma a caracterizar e quantificar as zonas de deposição de sedimentos fluviais. Através de ensaios, no canal hidráulico do Departamento de Engenharia Civil da Universidade de Aveiro, foi possível observar a formação de depósitos de sedimentos em forma de delta, na região de transição da influência da barragem, onde se forma o regolfo. Posteriormente, com a alteração das condições do escoamento, verificou-se que os depósitos se deslocaram, para uma região mais próxima da barragem, passando a depósitos com forma de secção decrescente. Com este trabalho, também foi possivel verificar experimentalmente, a eficiência do funcionamento dos descarregadores de fundo para transposição de sedimentos. Nestes ensaios experimentais, obtiveram-se resultados que mostram que a quantidade de sedimentos, que transpõe a barragem através dos descarregadores de fundo é insignificante, quando comparada com a quantidade total de sedimentos depositados na albufeira. Numericamente, recorrendo às curvas de BRUNE (1953), às curvas de Churchill e ao método da área-incremento, procurou-se chegar aos resultados obtidos experimentalmente, de forma a avaliar até que ponto estes métodos traduzem a realidade do que acontece nas albufeiras. O estudo do assoreamento em albufeiras é de grande importância, uma vez que também está associado ao problema de recuo da linha de costa, pois os sedimentos que deveriam chegar à foz dos rios e passar a fazer parte do sistema de deriva litoral, ficam retidos nas albufeiras.
The present dissertation main objective is to study silting in dam reservoirs in order to characterize and quantify the areas of river sediments deposition. Through laboratory tests performed in the flow channel of Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, it was possible to observe the formation of sediment deposits in a delta form, in the region where backwater is formed. Later, with the change of flow conditions, it was verified that the deposits moved to a region near the dam, forming tapering deposits. With this work, it was possible to experimentally verify the efficiencyof sediments transposition through bottom sluice of the dam. The obtained results show that the sediment amount that crosses the dam is insignificant, when compared with the total amount of sediments deposited in the reservoir. The experimental results were confronted with numerical ones, using the BRUNE (1953) curve, the Churchill curves and the empirical area-reduction method. This was performed in order to assess how these methods reflect the reality of what happens in reservoirs. The study of reservoir sedimentation is of great importance, since this problem is linked with shoreline reduction, due the lack of sediments, because sediments that should reach the mouth of the river are traped in reservoirs.
De, Moraes Cordeiro Netto Oscar. "Contribution à la réflexion sur l'évaluation de projets d'aménagements fluviaux : le cas du choix du site d'un grand barrage-réservoir dans le bassin de la Garonne." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENPC9518.
Повний текст джерелаOlivier, Jean-Michel. "Rythmes de dérive des alevins en milieu fluvial : suivi dans le Rhône au niveau des prises d'eau et influence des vidanges de barrages." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10220.
Повний текст джерелаGilet, Louis. "Charriage et obstacles à la continuité sédimentaire sur les cours d'eau du Morvan." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H059.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, recent regulatory developments (WFD, 2000; LEMA, 2006) require sediment continuity across the dams to be ensured. This requirement is particularly acute in the Morvan massif, where a dozen dams have been installed since the middle of the 19th century. The questions are complex: several of the rivers on which the structures have been built have only been poorly studied (medium energy plane bed with mixed coarse substrate). In addition, the fluvial systems - the Upper Yonne, the Cure and the Chalaux - are marked by a long anthropogenic influence, characterized in particular by multiple uses prior to the dams (mills, log driving). Those rivers’ energy, partly governed by the dams, is an important factor but insufficient to understand current bedload transport. The latter is indeed significantly influenced by certain morphological parameters (very coarse substrate, sedimentary structures, slope). However, current morphological conditions appear to be largely the result of several decades of disturbance in liquid and solid inputs by dams. Their effects on river processes must therefore be understood on several time scales. The study indicates that they also depend on the influences inherited from previous hydraulic uses. The past hydromorphic trajectory of the river also seems to influence the morpho-sedimentary impacts that were observed following a dam removal. Rather than a clean slate or a step backwards, dams or their removal thus represent a new evolution of the river trajectory, made up of ruptures, continuities and mutations
Bellot, Cécile. "Evolution du fonctionnement sédimentologique et biogéochimique d'un bief de rivière suite à l'effacement d'ouvrages hydrauliques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070010.
Повний текст джерелаRollet, Anne-Julia. "Etude et gestion de la dynamique sédimentaire d'un tronçon fluvial à l'aval d'un barrage : le cas de la basse vallée de l'Ain." Phd thesis, Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00221368.
Повний текст джерелаDans un premier temps, nous avons identifié les effets de la chaîne de barrages sur la morphologie de l'Ain dont les variables de contrôle ont été profondément modifiées depuis la fin du 19e siècle (chapitre 2). Pour cela, nous avons tout d'abord analysé finement la trajectoire contemporaine du cours d'eau en nous focalisant sur deux paramètres d'ajustement (la largeur et le profil en long). Ceci nous a permis, ensuite, de distinguer, au sein de cette trajectoire, les effets des barrages sur les variables de contrôle (charge de fond depuis 1931 et débit depuis 1968) et sur les ajustements morphologiques qui ont pu en découler. L'amplitude des modifications des variables de contrôle imputables aux barrages, ainsi que l'extension spatiale actuelle des ajustements fluviaux en lien avec ces modifications, ont été ensuite déterminées à partir des jeux de données disponibles (photographies aériennes) et de mesures collectées sur le terrain (granulométrie).
Dans un second temps, nous avons cherché à approfondir nos connaissances relatives à la dynamique sédimentaire de l'Ain (détermination des entrées sédimentaires, des dépôts, des capacités du cours d'eau à évacuer la charge disponible, quantification des excédents énergétiques du cours d'eau) pour définir l'amplitude actuelle du déficit sédimentaire du cours d'eau, mais également pour déterminer les évolutions à venir et les préconisations de gestion à envisager (chapitre 3). Trois approches ont été utilisées et adaptées pour aborder cet aspect : la construction d'un budget sédimentaire par tronçons homogènes, des mesures directes de transport solide, et la détermination de la capacité de transport à l'aide de formules hydrauliques. Ces trois techniques ont permis d'effectuer une validation croisée des résultats obtenus, qui montrent la nécessité de mettre en place rapidement des mesures de gestion pour augmenter les introductions de charge sédimentaire en amont du système. Il semble ainsi que le chenal ne soit plus en mesure d'assurer seul sa recharge en sédiment et qu'aucune entrée sédimentaire conséquente ne soit susceptible d'enrayer la progression du déficit évalué à 10-15 000 m3.an -1.
Ces résultats ont ainsi servi de base pour la définition d'un plan de gestion durable de la dynamique sédimentaire de l'Ain (chapitre 4) qui présente un double objectif, à la fois préventif (préservation des secteur à méandres mobiles) et curatif (réhabilitation de la dynamique latérale des secteurs déjà déficitaires). Après avoir présenté l'ensemble des actions potentiellement envisageables sur des tronçons à l'aval de barrages, nous avons sélectionné les mesures les plus adaptées techniquement et économiquement à notre contexte. Nous présentons enfin les premières opérations de recharge artificielle qui ont été réalisées à la suite de ces préconisations.
Rollet, Anne-Julia. "Étude et gestion de la dynamique sédimentaire d'un tronçon fluvial à l'aval d'un barrage : le cas de la basse vallée de l'Ain." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_rollet_aj.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOur ability to evaluate the impacts of dams on river channels is limited by a lack of adequate field observations and natural variability between river systems. Although understood in a qualitative sense, quantitative data has been difficult to collect and the complexity of the problem has meant that the application of predictive models of channel evolution remains a delicate process As a first step, we identified the impacts that the dams and other anthropomorphic changes have had on both the control variables and the morphology of the Ain River. As a second step, we tried to understand a number of relevant processes using three approaches : a sedimentary budget, direct measurement of sediment transport, and the calculation of transport capacity from available hydraulic relations. These results were used as a basis to outline a sustainable management plan for the sedimentary and ecological dynamics of the Ain River
Maia, Fábio Fernandes. "Elementos traços em sedimentos e qualidade da água de rios afetados pelo rompimento da Barragem de Fundão, em Mariana, MG." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11562.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Os recursos hídricos são requeridos em quantidade e qualidade no processo de desenvolvimento econômico e social, bem como na manutenção do equilíbrio dos ecossistemas naturais. O Rio Doce é formado pela confluência dos rios do Carmo e Piranga, atravessa o leste de Minas Gerais e o estado do Espírito Santo, passando por municípios onde desempenha importantes funções na manutenção dos ecossistemas ripários e no abastecimento hídrico. Em novembro de 2015 a Barragem de Fundão, localizada no Distrito de Bento Rodrigues, município de Mariana, MG, se rompeu liberando cerca de 40 milhões de m³ de rejeitos da mineração de ferro nos rios Gualaxo do Norte, do Carmo e Doce, causando graves impactos ambientais e comprometendo o abastecimento hídrico em muitas localidades. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade das águas, a presença de elementos traços em sedimentos e investigar a mobilidade destes elementos para as águas dos rios do Carmo, Doce e Piranga. Amostras de água e sedimentos foram coletadas em 12 trechos dos rios do Carmo, Piranga e Doce. Para as amostras de água foram obtidos os parâmetros de qualidade da água: pH, oxigênio dissolvido, cor verdadeira, turbidez, Escherichia coli, sólidos suspensos totais e as concentrações de Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn solúveis, por meio de digestão ácida estabelecida pelo método USEPA SW-846 3015A. Nos sedimentos foram quantificados os teores totais de Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V e Zn, por digestão ácida estabelecida pelo método USEPA SW-846 3051 e as frações: trocável, redutível, oxidável e residual, deste mesmos elementos químicos por extração sequencial BCR seguida por digestão ácida. O Rio Doce e seus formadores estão enquadrados na Classe 2, de acordo com legislação ambiental vigente. Para os três rios avaliados os valores obtidos para pH, cor verdadeira e sólidos suspensos totais ficaram na faixa de tolerância estabelecida para a Classe 2 e os valores obtidos para oxigênio dissolvido e E. coli acima dos limites estabelecidos para a classe. Apenas as águas do Rio Piranga atenderam ao valor estabelecido para turbidez. Nos rios do Carmo e Piranga as concentrações de As dissolvido ficaram acima do limite estabelecido para a prática da pesca e da aquicultura, porém dentro da faixa de tolerância para o uso em irrigação e abastecimento hídrico. Nestes rios as concentrações de Fe solúvel excederam o valor máximo estabelecido para a Classe 2. Mn dissolvido excedeu o valor máximo em apenas dois trechos do Rio Doce e Zn dissolvido em apenas um trecho do Rio do Carmo indicando contaminações localizadas destes elementos. Os sedimentos dos rios do Carmo e Doce apresentaram composição química similar considerando os elementos analisados. Foram encontrados teores de Cd acima do valor de investigação (VI) e teores de Hg acima do valor de prevenção (VP). Para os sedimentos do Rio Piranga foram encontrados teores de Cd, Cr, Ni e Zn acima do VP e teores de Co e Mo acima do valor de referência de qualidade (VRQ). O gelfloc coletado no Rio do Carmo apresentou maiores teores de As, Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, V e Zn em relação ao sedimento coletado no mesmo trecho, porém o conteúdo de Hg neste material foi 4 vezes menor. Para a maior parte dos elementos analisados, exceto Ca, Mg e Mn (para os rios do Carmo e Doce) e As, Co e Mn (para o Rio Piranga), as maiores frações foram extraídas da fase residual, o que se traduz em baixa mobilidade destes elementos para a água dos rios, por consequência de estarem constituindo a rede cristalina dos minerais ou ocorrendo na forma de concreções pouco solúveis.
The water resources are required in quantity and quality at process of economic and social development and in upkeep the balance of natural ecosystems. The Doce River is formed by the confluence of Carmo with Piranga rivers. It crosses the east of Minas Gerais state and Espírito Santo state, passing through cities where it plays important functions at the maintenance of riparian ecosystems and water supply. In November 2015, the tailing dam of Fundão, located at Mariana City, Minas Gerais, ruptured and released around 40 million m³ of iron ore tailings in North Gualaxo, Carmo and Doce rivers, which caused a serious environmental impacts and compromised water supply in many cities. The objective of this work was to evaluate the water quality, the presence of traces elements in sediments and to investigate the mobility of these elements to the waters of the rivers Carmo, Doce and Piranga. Water and sediment samples were collected in 12 sites of Carmo, Piranga and Doce rivers. For water samples was measured the parameter of water quality: pH, dissolved oxygen, true color, turbidity, Escherichia coli, total suspended solids and Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations by acid digestion established by USEPA method SW- 846 3015A. In the sediments were quantified the contents of Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn by acid digestion established by USEPA method SW-846 3051A. The exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual fractions, of these same chemical elements were also evaluated by sequential extraction BCR. Doce River and its tributaries are classified in Class 2 according to the current environmental legislation. For the three rivers evaluated, the values obtained for pH, true color and total suspended solids were within the tolerance range established for class 2. However, the values of dissolved oxygen and E. coli were above the established limits. Only the water from Piranga river was accomplished within the threshold of turbidity. At rivers Carmo and Piranga, the soluble As were above the established limit for fishing and aquaculture, but within the tolerance range for irrigation and water supply. Howsoever, the soluble Fe exceeded the maximum value established for Class 2, in these rivers. Soluble Mn exceeded the maximum value in two sites collected at Doce River and Soluble Zn in only one site of Carmo River, which indicated local contaminations of these elements. The sediments of Carmo and Doce rivers presented similar chemical composition considering the analyzed elements, where were found levels of Cd above the value of investigation (VI) and Hg levels above the value of prevention (VP). For sediments of Piranga River, levels of Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn were above the VP, and Co and Mo contents were above the quality reference value (VRQ). The samples of biomaterial of iron accumulation, called gelfloc, which was collected at Carmo River presented higher contents of As, Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in relation to the sediments collected in the same site, but the Hg content in this material was 4 times smaller. Most of the elements in the sediments, excepted Ca, Mg and Mn (for the Carmo and Doce rivers) and As, Co and Mn (for the Piranga River), were associated to residual fraction, which indicated a lower mobility of these elements, due the association to the crystalline network of the stable minerals.
Mamoudou, Mohamadou. "Dynamique de transfert des matières organiques et inorganiques le long du continuum fluvial de la Garonne : impact de la retenue de Malause." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7797/1/mamoudou.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJavonena, Anne-Charlotte. "Châteaux et domaines castraux, outils de contrôle des réseaux de communication au Moyen Âge : l'exemple de la vallée du Lot (XIIIe -XVe siècles)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAL018.
Повний текст джерелаFor a long time, the relations between communication networks and castral sites have been associated with seigniorial taxation (tolls) or military activities (by stopping the trafic). Nevertheless, the coordination of roads, rivers, waterways and castles make appear many dynamic relationships between territories, their economic, political or social organization. The decisive question is to integrate these new perspectives into a representation of the practice of territories to define the real conditions of interrelationship between castral sites and communication networks during the end of the early medieval period and the late Middle Ages. The geographical framework of this thesis, the Lot valley from its source to its confluence, on a course of 485 kilometers (301 miles), allows us to consider the reciprocal permanence of social and spatial relations characterized by a plurality of political groups and struggles of influence between individuals. These different powers (great territorial princes, modest lordships, oligarchy and local aristocracy), whose seigniories and castral domains obtrude along this river, can make spaces, politics, societies and economy interact together to explain the dynamic phenomena that relate to the road, river and castles of the territories observed. This study is enriched by the analysis of archives collected, in nine departmental archive repositories, at the National Library of France (BnF), at the national archives of France or at the Public Record Office of London. This historical work focuses on the various actors of power bordering the Lot and their instruments of land domination in order to understand their logic of power and territorial management regardless of their social rank
Santana, Claudinei Lopes. "Geomorfologia da planície fluvial do rio Ribeira de Iguape entre Sete Barras e Eldorado (SP): subsídios ao planejamento físico-territorial de áreas inundáveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-07102009-152524/.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this research is the hydromorphodynamic characterization of the Paulista River Ribeira de Iguape sector, approaching three levels of the geomorphology research according HART (1986), to know: (a) the morphology descriptive level; (b) the superficial materials and ground descriptive level; and (c) the processes interpretation analytical level, or hydrodynamic processes. With these surveys and systematization was possible the partially understanding humid tropical environments hidromorphodynamics trends and, mainly, of the flooding plain, which can be used in the regional territorial physical planning, in view of the importance of the occupation human being on these sectors.
Laibi, Raoul Adéniyi. "Dynamique actuelle d'une embouchure fluviale estuarienne à flèche sableuse, la Bouche du Roi, Bénin, Golfe de Guinée : caractérisation hydrosédimentaire et géomorphologique." Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0407.
Повний текст джерелаThe Mono river estuary is established in the Western part of the Benin coastal zone. It's a microtidal estuary with predominance of swell. It ensures the exchanges with the sea by means of a tidal inlet named "Bouche du Roi". It forms a coastal hydro-sedimentary system associated with three generations of sand barrier which attest the last marine oscillations of the recent Quaternary. This thesis work studies the dynamics of these barriers-inlets on various temporal scales and according to a multi-field approach. The results show that the two old sand barriers are built and destroyed at the rhythm of marine level variations of recent Quaternary. On the other hand, the contemporary dynamics of the current barrier results in the morphogenesis of a spit-creek system, under control of littoral drift, tide conditions and hydrological seasons of the Mono river. Before the startup of Nangbeto dam, because of the temporary character of the Mono flows, the spit-creek morphodynamic was limited in space and time. But since the operating of the dam in 1987, the spit-creek morphodynamic became persistent, owing to consistency and permanence of Mono flows from now on controlled by the dam. The effects of this anthropic morphodynamics on the physical and human environment are immeasurable : loss of touristic beach, swallowing up of grounds and cultures (salt productions, agrarian cultures, aquacultures,...), destruction of dwellings and other socio-community infrastructures (schools, roads,...), populations displacements, exhumation of late parents remains,... The migration solution proposed consists in displacement of Hokoue and Docloboe populations and in periodical practice (every 7 years) of mechanical breaches on the level of Avlo beach
Casado, Ana. "Human impacts and fluvial metamorphosis : the effects of flow regulation on the hydrology, morphology and water temperature of the Sauce Grande River, Argentina." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF20013/document.
Повний текст джерелаDespite the regional importance of the Sauce Grande River as main source for water supply and the large capacity of the Paso de las Piedras Reservoir, both the hydrology of the river basin and the effects of the impoundment on the river environment remain poorly evaluated. This study provides the very first assessment of the degree of flow regulation induced by the Paso de las Piedras Dam on the middle section of the Sauce Grande River, and quantifies its impacts on the hydrology, morphology and patterns of water temperature of the river downstream from the impoundment. In addition to providing new information on the response of regulated rivers to upstream impoundment and on the effects of impoundment on the Sauce Grande River specifically, this study generates spatial, climatic and hydrologic data and implements a methodological framework to hydrological assessment of ungauged basins
Lacroze, Luc. "Le Mékong du Yunnan à la mer de Chine : contribution à l'étude de l'aménagement d'un fleuve tropical." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040004.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis intends to study the development of rivers that, since the middle of the 19th century, have been the subject of studies, projects, or implementations in the part of the Mekong basin located between the southern frontier of Yunnan and the China sea. The climate of the region is governed by monsoons, which means each year an alternation of drought and flooding, sometimes devastating. Besides, the Mekong and its tributaries, with their numerous waterfalls and rapids, are not good communication routes. Until the middle of the 20th century especially South Vietnam benefited from helps for rice-growing thanks to the creation and maintenance of a thick network of waterways. These implementations have enabled irrigation, drainage, washing of lands containing alum, fight against saline water intrusion. However the Mekong is still a poor communication route, for channel-marking and rockblasting works have only been carried out on some reaches. Since the middle of the 20th century the riparian countries have tried, after having created a "Mekong committee" under the aegis of the UNO, to expand their economy, essentially by the development of rivers. Their projects (implementations of big hydroelectric dams, reservoirs to drown rapids and falls) have only been followed by very modest implementations. Insecurity is partly responsible for that, but also the very ambition
Djibrilla, Cissé Hassane. "Intégration de la biodiversité dans l'évaluation environnementale stratégique des aménagements dans le bassin fluvial du programme Kandadji au Niger." Thèse, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5864/1/D2540.pdf.
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