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1
Levis, D. G. "New concepts in breeding barn design." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 10 (January 1, 1989): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.6215.
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2
Liu, Haipeng, Shaomi Duan, and Huilong Luo. "Design and Temperature Modeling Simulation of the Full Closed Hot Air Circulation Tobacco Bulk Curing Barn." Symmetry 14, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14071300.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For now, the open humidification method is applied in the tobacco bulk curing barn, which has some disadvantages, such as the loss of the oil content and aroma components of the tobacco leaves and the waste heat loss of the exhaust air flow. In this context, a tobacco bulk curing barn with totally closed hot air circulation is designed to perfect the curing quality of tobacco and avoid the loss of residual heat in the bulk curing barn. Meanwhile, due to the balance and symmetry of input and output of the curing barn temperature, according to the law of conservation of energy, a mathematical model of the temperature control system of the closed hot air circulation tobacco bulk curing barn is established, and the temperature transfer function of the system is obtained. On this basis, 10 algorithms are used to optimize the full closed hot air circulation tobacco bulk curing barn temperature control system PID parameters. The result of the sobol sequence seeker optimization algorithm (SSOA) is better than the other algorithms. So, the PID control strategy based on the SSOA is used to simulate and experiment the temperature control system of tobacco bulk curing barn. The simulation and experimental results show that for the tobacco bulk curing barn temperature control system, the sobol sequence seeker optimization algorithm PID control has better dynamic characteristics compared with fuzzy PID control, and the temperature control system of tobacco bulk curing barn has fast adjustment and small overshoot. Therefore, the new baking barn with proper PID parameters can improve the tobacco’s curing quality and save energy by reducing the residual heat.
3
Zhang, De Hui, Xiao Qiang Wu, and Chun You Zhang. "A Barn Temperature Prediction Method Based on MATLAB." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Inner Mongolia beef cattle feeding, barn temperature is an important parameter. Barn temperature has an important impact on cattle breeding and beef production. In order to ensure that there is appropriate temperatures barn, data recorded in the barn a month temperature monitoring points, the acquisition time for each temperature monitoring point for the one-hour time interval. Using MATLAB software barn temperature data were analyzed, the data fit (least squares) and plotted, and finally get a barn temperature prediction formula. And use this formula to predict the temperature of the barn, forecasting results show that the design is reasonable, the error is small, can be applied in practice.
4
Bickert, W. G., and John F. Smith. "Freestall barn design and management for cow comfort." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.3241.
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Fernández, M. E., R. A. Mariño, and X. C. Carreira. "Algorithms for Dairy Barn Design: Resting, Feeding, and Exercise." Journal of Dairy Science 89, no. 7 (July 2006): 2784–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72355-4.
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6
Fernández, M. E., R. A. Mariño, and X. C. Carreira. "Algorithms for dairy barn design: Maternity and milking areas." Journal of Dairy Science 92, no. 5 (May 2009): 2276–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1568.
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Halachmi, I., A. Dzidic, J. H. M. Metz, L. Speelman, A. A. Dijkhuizen, and J. P. C. Kleijnen. "Validation of simulation model for robotic milking barn design." European Journal of Operational Research 134, no. 3 (November 2001): 677–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(00)00283-6.
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8
Meaney, Kelly M., David E. Peacock, David Taggart, and James Smith. "Rapid colonisation, breeding and successful recruitment of eastern barn owls (Tyto alba delicatula) using a customised wooden nest box in remnant mallee cropping areas of southern Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Wildlife Research 48, no. 4 (2021): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr20021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract ContextThe introduced house mouse (Mus domesticus) causes significant economic damage to Australia’s agricultural enterprises. As part of the Marna Banggara Rewilding Project on the southern Yorke Peninsula (SYP), the present study focused on the eastern barn owl (Tyto alba delicatula) as a potential bio-controller of mice, by providing nesting spaces where natural hollows are limited. AimsTo design an appropriate pole-mounted wooden nest box, and to enhance barn-owl-breeding and house-mouse-hunting capacity on farmland adjacent to remnant native vegetation. MethodsA prototype nest box was collaboratively designed with a nest box manufacturer using data from previous barn owl studies and anecdotal reports. Eleven pole-mounted wooden boxes with platforms were installed at distances >1.4km apart on properties near Warooka, southern Yorke Peninsula (SYP), and monitored over a 6-month period using external trail cameras. Key resultsOf the 11 nest boxes installed, 55 percent were colonised within a month after establishment, and 82 percent were colonised within 7 months. Occupied nest boxes were actively used by paired owls for mating, breeding and rearing of chicks, which resulted in up to 35 fledgling owlets. ConclusionsThe nest box design successfully supported eastern barn owl colonisation and reproduction on the SYP. The inclusion of the platform not only provided easy, minimally invasive monitoring of barn owl activity and prey intake by researchers, but also increased usable space for barn owl behaviours, such as copulation and wing flapping. ImplicationsThe important nest box design elements featured in this paper, such as the platform, high entrance hole, predator-proof pole and rear door access, can be implemented in barn owl conservation, research and on farms where alternative nesting sites are limited.
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Myintzu, Winn, Soe Thainkha, and Elizabeth H. Moore. "Traditional Design in an Ancient Village of Tanintharyi." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 17 (October 18, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj201917124.
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The ancient village of Thagara is located circa ten kilometres north of Dawei, Tanintharyi Region of Lower Myanmar. While Thagara’s archaeology and the domestic religious architecture such as the pagodas and monasteries have been well documented, this article is the first to classify the main elements of the domestic dwellings. Five key components of the vernacular architecture are identified: the style of the house facade, the building materials, the hearth, the rice barn and the shrine. Constructed with local materials, the facades and roofs were designed to meet the challenges of the monsoonal climate and the hearth and rice barn adapted to the preferences of individual house dwellers and rice yields. The Buddhist and animistic shrines reflect the importance of spiritual activities in the traditional way of life. Using data from a systematic survey, the variations are defined in this article to illustrate aspects of the social, economic and religious daily life in the villages of Lower Myanmar
10
Fatullaeva, Kaminat Muradovna. "Design of aeration systems in light weight barns." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i12pp112-114.
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The article considers design options for light-aeration lamps used in “cold” barns. Calculations were made of volumetric airflow rates through an open-type light-aeration ridge at different heights of inlet openings, the results of which are presented in the article.
Keywords: aeration; barn; natural ventilation; microclimate; air exchange.
11
Fang, Shun Li, Shi Ping Jin, Su Yi Huang, Wu Qi Wen, and Yue Ping Li. "Experimental Study on the Temperature Variation of a New Tobacco Curing Barn with Double-Way Ventilation." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.735.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In China, there is a vast area of tobacco producing, and the production condition in various regions is different. It is difficult for the traditional bulk tobacco curing barns with air rising to adjust the area with all conditions, and the intrinsic quality of cured tobacco is difficult to guarantee. We study on a new tobacco curing barn with double-way ventilation, and we analyze its performance through experiments. We tested the change of the temperature field in both the new tobacco curing barn with double-way ventilation and the traditional tobacco curing barn with air rising, the result shows: (1) Air moves in the new tobacco curing barn with double-way ventilation from top to bottom, compared with the traditional bulk tobacco curing barn with air rising, the new tobacco curing barn has a smaller amount of airflow, and it also has a small temperature difference on the same horizontal plane and a reasonable temperature difference on vertical direction, this is good for the curing of different maturity tobacco leaves; (2) Fuel of the new tobacco curing barn with double-way ventilation is one-time added, so the heat supply is stable, and the temperature changes quite gentle, but fuel of the traditional tobacco curing barn with air rising is many-time added, the temperature changes dramatic. (3) The new tobacco curing barn with double-way ventilation has forced ventilation channel and enhanced moisture channel to strengthen the ability of natural ventilation, so when power outages and other emergency situations happen, there is natural air convection in the tobacco curing barn, but the simple tobacco curing barn with air rising totally could not avoid the harm caused by power outages and other emergency situations. This research could provide reference for the design and application of new curing barn later.
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Nordlund, Kenneth V., and Courtney E. Halbach. "Calf Barn Design to Optimize Health and Ease of Management." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 35, no. 1 (March 2019): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2018.10.002.
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Janni, Kevin A., Montserrat Torremorell, Larry D. Jacobson, Carmen Alonso, and Brian P. Hetchler. "Modeling Airborne Virus Concentrations in Filtered Swine Barns with Negative-Pressure Ventilating Systems." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 3 (2018): 1089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12561.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically significant pathogen in the swine industry that can spread through the air. Many swine gestation and farrowing barns with negative-pressure ventilating systems filter the inlet air to manage airborne PRRSV transmission using MERV 8 pre-filters in series with either MERV 14 or MERV 16 filters. Recent research reported air infiltration rates for a new 3,000-sow gestation/farrowing swine barn at several static pressure levels. The barn infiltration data and supplier-provided airflow versus pressure drop data for the filters, a fan, and an evaporative cooling pad were used to model steady-state virus particle concentrations inside a well-mixed barn. Other model inputs included the inside temperature, design ventilating rate, a fan performance factor, filter area, a filter airflow reduction factor due to particulate matter accumulation, and ambient virus particle concentration distributions. For the conditions used, model results indicated that higher barn virus concentrations were obtained with lower mechanical ventilating rates and higher barn infiltration rates. Improved fan performance reduced the number of fans needed but had little impact on barn virus concentrations. Increasing the filter area reduced the pressure drop that the fans had to overcome at higher ventilating rates and correspondingly reduced the unfiltered infiltration rates and barn virus concentrations. Reduced airflow due to particulate matter accumulation on the filters increased the system pressure drop, increased the number of fans running, and increased the barn virus concentrations. Model results indicated that filter combinations that reduced overall virus penetration reduced barn virus concentrations by 57% to 80% for the conditions modeled. More work is needed to assess the model results and the importance of the adjusted factors for other barn and equipment conditions. Keywords: Biosecurity, Filtered barn, Infiltration, Model, Swine, Ventilation, Virus.
14
Kholik, Kholik, Hardinsyah Hardinsyah, and M. Djemdjem Djamaludin. "PERSEPSI DAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN LUMBUNG PANGAN DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT." Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan 3, no. 3 (November 16, 2008): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2008.3.3.217-226.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Community’s perception and participation is necessary to be noticed in the effort of developing food barn in rural area. The objective of this study were to: 1) analyze community’s perception about food barn in Lampung Barat District, 2) inventory factors that influence community’s participation in developing food barn in Lampung Barat District, 3) formulate model and strategy in developing participative food barn to reach food security in Lampung Barat District. This research was conducted by using cross sectional design and descriptive analysis approach. The location was chosen by using purposive sampling which were in Tribudi Syukur Village, Sumberjaya Subdistrict and Buay Nyerupa Village, Sukau Subdistrict. The selection was based on consideration that these villages has different implementation performance of food barn according to the assessment from Food Crops and Horticulture Office in Lampung Barat District. The result of the research shows that the community’s perception category, represented by farmer as sample, based on total perception variable score between Tribudi Syukur and Buay Nyerupa, is different. The general condition of the community (like age, education level, income, etc.) do not have correlation with its perception about food barn. The community’s participation in food barn category, represented by farmer as sample, based on total participation variable score between Tribudi Syukur and Buay Nyerupa, is also different. There is correlation between community’s perception about food barn and its participation in developing food barn activity. The factors that influence community’s participation in developing food barn are tradition to store food by the community, the existence of farmer group, community’s perception about food barn, the existence of regional governmental structural institution in Food Security, regulation or guidance which support food barn developing, governmental program which support food barn development, the development of food market and trading, condition of region which potentially food insecure. The priority of strategy in developing participative food barn based on the result of SWOT analysis that possible to be conducted are 1) develop community’s perception to not relying on market in accessing food, 2) develop perception and community participation empowerment in creating and developing food barn based on regional condition, 3) maintain and build community’s tradition of storing food from self food storing to collective food storing (in group).</span></p>
15
Liu, Jin Hao, Yong Tai He, and Yue Hong Peng. "The Design and Implementation of Monitoring System of Flue-Cured Tobacco Barn Based on ARM7." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1753.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The disadvatages of traditional pattern of flue-cured tobacco are low work efficiency, high system error, and poor quality of tobacco and so on. In order to conquer the above shortcomings, a kind of monitoring system was designed in flue-cured tobacco barn based on ARM7 to implement the automation and intelligentization of flue-cured tobacco. The LPC2103 chip was chosen as the microprocessor of monitoring system. The data of temperature and humidity of barns was collected with the AM2303 sensor. We built the hardware platform based on embedded technology, and developed the corresponding software system for monitoring the control object of flue-cured barn in real-time, for implementing the automation of three stages flue-cured period which is yellowing stage, turning color stage and stem drying stage. The environmental data of flue-cured tobacco barn could be saved by the storage module .The result of testing experiments, which contain three periods of flue-cured tobacco, show that the features of our monitoring system ,which are nice control precision, lower system error, sooner response ,and good stability and so on, could be taken advantages of. The embedded technology of ARM7 could be used to improve the efficiency of flue-cured tobacco to guarantee the quality of tobacco, and cut the cost of labor, meanwhile, it could be applied to all kinds of flue-cured tobacco barns as well.
16
Dyroff, George A. "How Chapman Construction/Design Deep-Greened Its Business by Changing Employee Mindsets." Journal of Green Building 3, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.3.4.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapman Construction/Design, a construction management firm, infused its entire business with green practices and transformed the way its employees think by engaging them in the process with a fuel-efficient vehicle incentive program, the LEED renovation of its office, and a modern-day “barn-raising.”
17
Tomasello, Nicoletta, Francesca Valenti, Giovanni Cascone, and Simona M. C. Porto. "Development of a CFD Model to Simulate Natural Ventilation in a Semi-Open Free-Stall Barn for Dairy Cows." Buildings 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9080183.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Natural ventilation is the most common passive cooling system in livestock buildings. The aim of this research is to assess airflow distribution inside a free-stall barn for dairy cows by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling and simulation. The model is validated by using the average values of experimental data acquired in a free-stall barn, which is considered relevant because it is located in a region characterised by hot climate conditions during the summer that could induce animal heat stress. Simulations are carried out in steady-state conditions, and simulated data are validated by the average values of air velocity measurements. Since the modelled air velocity distribution in the barn fits the real one well, the CFD model is considered reliable to simulate other conditions. The application of the proposed CFD model in the simulation of specific building design alternatives could be aimed at studying the related airflow distribution in order to find the best configuration.
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Álvarez, Carlos J., Manuel F. Marey, and Carlos Amiama. "Criteria for assessing dairy farm types." Recursos Rurais, no. 3 (September 11, 2018): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/rr.id5319.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Galicia and in the rest of Spain, dairy barns are going through a transition to implement the latest technologies, improve labour efficiency, and increase size. Barns with capacity for more cows are required due to the new market demands. Such barns must be perfectly defined, so that the construction of new buildings may entail reduced investment and operating costs. A wrong decision in the design phase can lead to serious financial trouble, even to the extent of making the farm economically non-viable.This study focuses in determining the factors that most strongly affect the construction costs of dairy housing, based on the most common barn designs in Galicia. Such factors are determined by implementing different indices that analyse the shape of the building.The implemented indices concern the design of the building –mainly its shape– and consider in all cases the relation of the design to the total cost and cost per item of the different constructions. Among these indices, the ‘ratio of area to perimeter squared’ or shape index (dimensionless), and elongation (ratio between the length and the width of the building), enable the determination of the shapes that are more convenient from the economic perspective. The cost of the building envelope per square meter varies as the barn area increases. The relation between the variation in the cost of the building envelope and both indices is studied for the different design options considered.With the data obtained, some guidelines are suggested in order to help project designers find the most appropriate result for their design work.
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Fajrin, Jauhar, Muhammad Muchlis, and Yogi Rosita Tandean. "PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN HUNIAN SEMENTARA UNTUK KORBAN GEMPA LOMBOK." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Multidisiplin 3, no. 2 (March 23, 2020): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/jpm.v3i2.1077.
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A long series of earthquakes that lasted for almost a month with the biggest shock reaching 7 SR completely destroyed most of the houses in parts of Lombok and Sumbawa. Many residents were forced to evacuate because their homes entirely devastated. Some residents have returned to their homes, but many also have no place to return. So they need temporary shelter while rebuilding their houses gradually. There are many choices of designs that have been developed before. However, designing a temporary shelter that is truly in accordance with the needs of the community at the disaster site requires a comprehensive understanding of the local human characteristics and nature as well as the local environment. Including things that must be considered is the impact on the environment if the design involves locally available nature material. The design concept was based on the concept of a barn house with bamboo and spandex-plywood materials. The first concept is a bamboo barn shelter which adopts a traditional Lombok house with woven bamboo walls. The second concept is also based on traditional Lombok houses, but uses a different material which is spandek as the dominant material for the roof and plywood as the walls and doors. Both temporary shelter concepts have been successfully designed, built and applied.
20
Carr, C. E., and M. A. Friedman. "Evolution of Time Coding Systems." Neural Computation 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016773.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The auditory and electrosensory systems contain circuits that are specialized for the encoding and processing of microsecond time differences. Analysis of these circuits in two specialists, weakly electric fish and barn owls, has uncovered common design principles and illuminated some aspects of their evolution.
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GORDEEV, VLADISLAV V. "MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS USED FOR DETERMINING COW BARN DIMENSIONS." Agricultural engineering, no. 5 (2022): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2022-5-40-46.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When designing new livestock farms, it is important to introduce the proper space-planning solutions in cow barns and technological solutions for major production processes. This task requires the development of mathematical relationships. The study presents the mathematical relationships for determining the dimensions of a cow barn for loose cubicle housing of animals using three options for the location of cubicles (technological modules). Each mathematical relationship takes into account several factors. They include the number of cows in the group; parameters of the technological module depending on the live weight of cows (the dimensions of cubicles and alleys); selection of the width of a feed table, a manure removal channel and a cow traffic alley depending on the adopted technological solutions. Determining the overall barn size makes it easier to compare different options of spatial solutions for the loose cubicle housing in terms of financial costs and animal comfort. It also allows selecting an option best suited for specific farm conditions at the stage of preparing the design assignment (basis). The proposed relationships can be used in designing algorithms of dairy farms.
22
GARAMSZEGI, L. Z., G. HEGYI, D. HEYLEN, P. NINNI, F. DE LOPE, M. EENS, and A. P. MØLLER. "The design of complex sexual traits in male barn swallows: associations between signal attributes." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 19, no. 6 (November 2006): 2052–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01135.x.
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Aldemir, Büyamin, Ruziye Karaman, and Muharrem Kaya. "Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Tarımında Gül Posası, Ahır Gübresi ve Bakteri Aşılamanın Verim ve Bazı Verim Öğelerine Etkileri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, sp2 (December 21, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp2.121-127.3174.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was carried out to determine the effects of organic (rose pulp, barn fertilizer and bacterial inoculation) and chemical fertilizer applications on yield and yield components of chickpea varieties (Aydın 92, Azkan and Gökçe) in Dinar district of Afyonkarahisar province in 2011. The experimental design was split plot with three replications. In this research, plant height, first pod height, number of branches, pod and grains per plant, seed yield in plant, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, 100 seed weight and protein ratio were investigated. The results showed that plant height was changed between 38.87-44.23 cm, first pod height between 17.37-21.43 cm, number of branches between 2.70-3.53, pods number between 30.37-50.37 and number of seed per plant between 29.43-48.47, seed yield in plant between 10.50-18.30 g, biological yield between 20.87-42.50 g, 100 seed weight between 34.67-40.43 g, grain yield between 128.10-188.57 kg/da, harvest index between 32.10-53.08% and protein ratio between 22.67-25.67%. As a result, the effect of organic (rose pulp, barn fertilizer and bacterial inoculation) and chemical fertilizer applications on chickpea varieties has been important in terms of yield characteristics. It should be suggested chickpea variety Gökçe with firstly barn manure and followed by chemical fertilization and rose pulp applications.
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Lee, Myeongseong, Jacek A. Koziel, Wyatt Murphy, William S. Jenks, Baitong Chen, Peiyang Li, and Chumki Banik. "Mitigation of Odor and Gaseous Emissions from Swine Barn with UV-A and UV-C Photocatalysis." Atmosphere 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050585.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
UV-A (ca. 365 nm wavelength, a.k.a. ‘black light’) photocatalysis has been investigated to comprehensively mitigate odor and selected air pollutants in the livestock environment. This study was conducted to confirm the performance of UV-A photocatalysis on the swine farm. The objectives of this research were to (1) scale-up of the UV-A photocatalysis treatment, (2) evaluate the mitigation of odorous gases from swine slurry pit, (3) test different UV sources, (4) evaluate the effect of particulate matter (PM) and (5) conduct preliminary economic analyses. We tested UV-A photocatalysis at a mobile laboratory-scale capable of treating ~0.2–0.8 m3·s−1 of barn exhaust air. The targeted gaseous emissions of barn exhaust air were significantly mitigated (p < 0.05) up to 40% reduction of measured odor; 63%, 44%, 32%, 40%, 66% and 49% reduction of dimethyl disulfide, isobutyric acid, butanoic acid, p-cresol, indole and skatole, respectively; 40% reduction of H2S; 100% reduction of O3; and 13% reduction of N2O. The PM mitigation effect was not significant. Formaldehyde levels did not change, and a 21% generation of CO2 was observed. The percent reduction of targeted gases decreased as the airborne PM increased. Simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis confirmed that UV-A treatment changed the overall nuisance odor character of swine barn emissions into weaker manure odor with ‘toothpaste and ‘mint’ notes. The smell of benzoic acid generated in UV-A treatment was likely one of the compounds responsible for the less-offensive overall odor character of the UV-treated emissions. Results are needed to inform the design of a farm-scale trial, where the interior barn walls can be treated with the photocatalyst.
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Flores-Velázquez, Jorge, Federico Villarreal-Guerrero, Waldo Ojeda, and Agustín Ruíz-García. "Thermal and ammonia concentration gradients in a rabbit barn with two ventilation system designs." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 2 (February 2017): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n2p134-140.
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ABSTRACT Rabbit barns are of economic importance in central Mexico, where rabbit breeders use rustic buildings for production. In such barns, climate conditioning is mostly based on natural ventilation (NV) where the lack of a well-designed NV system may be a limiting factor. In this study, computational fluid dynamics was used to analyse the performance of the NV system in a 24 x 4 x 4.8 m typical Central Mexico rabbit barn with a density of 20 rabbits m-2 of cage. The barn included both side vents at 1.2 m in height from the ground. Results indicated exchange rates of 0.052 and 2.9 x 10-4 m3 m-2 s-1 when the wind direction was simulated as orthogonal and parallel to the side vents, respectively, suggesting the orthogonal direction favoured the exchange rate. However, such conditions produced an accumulation of ammonia underneath the rabbit cages. Thus, a design modification including a lower inlet vent was analysed. Such modification substantially decreased the concentration gradients of temperature and ammonia.
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ER, Hasan, and Yasemin KUŞLU. "Design and Comparative Cost Analysis of Alternative Prefabricated Beef Cattle Barns with Conventional Barn Types." Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 52, no. 2 (May 29, 2021): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.802543.
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Suprayogi, Wara Pratitis Sabar, Sudibya Sudibya, and Eko Hari Susilo. "PERFORMA ITIK LOKAL JANTAN (Anas plathyrynchos) YANG DIBERI PAKAN SUPLEMEN." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 32, no. 1 (March 6, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v32i1.15932.
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<p><em>The research was to know the influence of the supplementation lemuru fish oil and L-carnitine on the local male ducks’ performance. The cattle used were 96 local male ducks aged 10 days. Research materials were corn, bran, concentrate 144, lemuru fish oil, and L-carnitine. The research design used was Complete Random Design with 3 treatments and 8 repetitions; each repetition contained 4 local male ducks. The treatment consisted of ration control P0 = corn, barn, concentrate and mineral; P1 = corn, barn, mineral and 4% lemuru fish oil; P2 = corn, barn, concentrate, mineral, 4% lemuru fish oil and 30 ppm L-carnitine. The investigated modifiers were feed consumption, feed conversion, daily weight increase and Income Over Feed Cost value. Data feed consumption, daily weight increase, feed conversion was analyzed using variance analysis. If there were a concrete influence, further analysis should be conducted using orthogonal contrast. Results showed that the supplementation of lemuru fish oil and L-carnitine had a very significant influence (P<0.01) on feed consumption, daily weight increase and feed conversion. Further test results orthogonal contrast showed that the supplementation of lemuru fish oil and L-carnitine could decrease feed consumption, feed conversion and increase daily weight rate (P<0.01) if compared control. Result Income Over Feed Cost showed that treatment with add lemuru fish oil and L-carnitine produced Income Over Feed Cost value higher if compared control. Based on the results of the research, it could be concluded that the supplementation of 4% lemuru fish oil and 30 ppm L-carnitine in ration could decrease feed consumption and feed conversion, increase daily weight rate, and the IOFC of local male ducks.</em></p>
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Hu, Feng Zhong, and Jin Ding Gao. "A Smart Temperature and Humidity Controller for Tobacco Bulk Curing Barn." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 1399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.1399.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aimed at the temperature and humidity nonlinear variation and coupling phenomena in tobacco bulk curing, an artificial intelligence based controller is proposed. The controller using a microcomputer and fuzzy decoupling control technique can meet the requirements of temperature and humidity variation, the coupling phenomena is prevented, thereby improved the quality of fluecured tobacco. The controller has built-in several specialist technology curves suitable for different characteristics tobacco leaves. The composition of the controller, principle of the intelligent control and the fuzzy controller design are presented in this paper. The control method can be applied to other temperature and humidity control field when it is changed in some sort, has popularization and application value.
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Rieznikov, I. V., A. I. Fenenko, and V. V. Tkach V. V. "To substantiate the standard range of planning and technological solutions of farms for milk production." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 12 (2020): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2020-12-12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Annotation Purpose. Improving the efficiency of milk production by determining the rational standard size range of design technological solutions for the premises of farms for the content of dairy livestock. Methods. Theoretical provisions for the calculation of design and technological solutions for the construction of livestock buildings, we use graphical and graphoanalytical methods. Results. The design and technological schemes were considered of cowsheds with different placement of the number technological rows and grouping of stalls, for: a two-row scheme with a central aft passage; six-row layout of stalls (with a feed table along the outer perimeter and with a feed table in the center of the barn); 8-row layout of stalls in the barn with two feed tables.The cost of building a room of sandwich panels for a size range of 128 cows per cow is 20601 UAH against 25294 UAHconstructions of brick, which is 22% less than the cost while we have an increase in air volume per cow, respectively, 77 m3 vs. 55 m3 Conclusions 1. The rational standard size range of the milk production farm was determined: premises for 128 cows have 4 rows of 2 stall groups of 16 cows each; premises for 256 cows has 4 rows with 4 stall groups of 16 cows or 8 rows with 2 stall groups of 16 cows; premises for 384 cows has 8 rows with 3 stall groups of 16 cows each or 8 rows with 4 stall groups of 12 cows each; keeping 512 cows the premises has 8 rows of 4 stall groups of 16 cows. In accordance with technical and economic indicators, the most effective content is 386 (400) cows. 2. The economic effect is ensured by rational distribution of the size range of the stalls, their number, and the aisle size in accordance with the zoo-technical requirements for maintaining a highly productive livestock of cows for milk production farms and is 8–16% of the cost of construction and its subsequent maintenance, as a result, the area of the premises decreases for keeping cows and, accordingly, the amount of building materials. Keywords: stall, feed table, barn, stall section, feeding front, type-size range.
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Abano, E. E., E. Teye, R. S. Amoah, and J. P. Tetteh. "Design, Construction and Testing of an Evaporative Cooling Barn for Storing Sweet Potatoes in the Tropics." Asian Journal of Agricultural Research 5, no. 2 (February 15, 2011): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajar.2011.115.126.
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Hasegawa, Masaru, Emi Arai, and Masahiko Nakamura. "Nestling, but not adult male, barn swallows emit short calls in noisy environments." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 133, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab007.
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Abstract Some, but not all, animals cope with anthropogenic noise by changing the structure of their acoustic signals, possibly due to two interrelated factors: the design of the acoustic signals and the intrinsic biological state. Here, using the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) that breed solitarily along streets, we studied male enticement calls and nestling food-begging calls in relation to ambient noise. The former calls are structurally quite similar to the latter, perhaps functioning as a sensory trap to exploit female parental care for nestlings. This provides a unique opportunity to study whether intrinsic biological state (i.e. developmental stage, here), virtually independent of acoustic design, matters in acoustic adaptation to anthropogenic noise. We found that the syllable length of nestling food-begging calls, but not of male enticement calls, decreased with increasing local noise levels within populations. The syllable lengths of the father’s enticement calls and those of the nestling’s food-begging calls were positively related, which explains why male enticement calls as well as nestling food-begging calls had shorter syllables in a noisy urban population compared to those in a quiet rural population. The current findings indicate that the intrinsic biological state of two acoustically similar sounds explains their differential relationships with ambient noise.
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Fitzgerald, Lene Solli, and Anne Berg. "Spesifikk visuell trening som pedagogisk metode med fokus på øyebevegelser som påvirker barns lesing." Acta Didactica Norge 11, no. 2 (January 2, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/adno.2860.
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Lesing er en komplisert prosess med mange ulike komponenter. Barn er av-hengige av å kunne lese for å fungere godt i hverdagen. Denne studien fokuserer på lesehastighet og øyemotoriske bevegelser hos en gruppe skoleelever på 3. trinn. Målet var å studere om Bal-A-Vis-X (Balance, Auditory and Vision eXercises) kan ha effekt på barnas øyemotorikk og lesehastighet. Måleinstru¬mentene var ReadAlyzer og Nonsensordtest. Intervensjons-/treningsmetoden var Bal-A-Vis-X, der sandsekker og små racketballer ble benyttet. Barna ble plassert i en kontroll- og en eksperimentgruppe. Begge gruppene gjennomførte både pre- og posttest. Eksperimentgruppen trente Bal-A-Vis-X i 30 minutter en gang i uken i fem måneder. Øvelsene krever visuelle følgebevegelser, øye-hånd-koordinering og stødige rytmiske bevegelser basert på både visuelle og auditive signaler som krever presis fysisk teknikk. Resultatene viste at eksperimentgruppens lesehastighet ble endret signifikant på både ReadAlyzers lesetest og Nonsensordtest. Kontrollgruppens lesehastighet endret seg ikke signifikant. Denne studien indikerer at Bal-A-Vis-X kan være et supplement for alle barn i skolen med eller uten lesevansker. Metoden har viktige komponenter som er involvert i lesing, den er gøy og den gir barna mestringsfølelse.Nøkkelord: barn, visuell trening, rytme, lesehastighetAbstractReading is a complicated process with many different components. Children need to read in order to cope in daily life. This study focuses on reading speed and eye tracking for a group of pupils in their third year of primary school. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Bal-A-Vis-X (Balance, Auditory and Vision eXercises) could be a method to improve children’s eye tracking and reading speed. The design is quasi-experimental where ReadAlyzer Eye Move¬ment Recording System (REM) and parts of a nonsense word test were used. The intervention method was Bal-A-Vis-X, using sandbags and small racket balls. The children were placed in a control and an experimental group. Both groups completed pre- and post-tests. The experimental group trained with Bal-A-Vis-X for 30 minutes once a week for five months. The exercises require visual move¬ments, eye and hand coordination, and steady rhythmical movements, based on both visual and auditory signals that require precise physical technique. The children in the experiment group showed significant improvement in reading speed and reading nonsense words. The control group showed no sig¬nificant improvement. This study indicates that Bal-A-Vis-X can be a supple¬mental method for all children in education with or without reading problems. The method has components important for their reading skills, it is fun, and it gives the sense of achievement of new skills.Keywords: children, visual training, rhythm, reading speed
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Mota, Vania Corrêa, Ednilton Tavares de Andrade, and Daniel Furtado Leite. "Use of compost bedded pack barn in maize fertilization for silage." Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 13, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 1571–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2020v13n4p1571-1588.
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This article aims to study the effect of different time intervals for bed maturation in compost sheds for dairy cattle, such as organic manure in maize crop for silage. The experimental design was a randomized block in split-plot with five treatments, six collection times, and five replicates. The data were submitted to variance analysis and compared by Scott-Knott. Sigmoid functions of logistic growth were adjusted to the data. The treatments with addition of fresh and mature compost with nitrogen cover showed higher shoot dry matter production when compared to treatments without compost. For maize plant height, stalk diameter and number of leaves, it was observed that from 35 days after plant germination, these variables were considered superior for the treatments that received bedding. The sigmoid function was proper to represent the plant growth to the silage point. It is concluded that the use of bedding from compost sheds as an organic manure is recommended as a sustainable alternative in the reuse of waste from milk production.
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Alessandro, Chiumenti, Borso Francesco da, Pezzuolo Andrea, Sartori Luigi, and Chiumenti Roberto. "Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from slatted dairy barn floors cleaned by robotic scrapers." Research in Agricultural Engineering 64, No. 1 (March 27, 2018): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/33/2017-rae.
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The design of animal housing and manure management systems are key factors in livestock farming. Frequent removal methods, in fact, allow for the reduction of gasses produced from fermentations of the organic matter contained in manure, that affect animal welfare and farmer health and are emitted from animal housings into the atmosphere as a consequence of ventilation. The present study aims to evaluate the performance of a Robotic Scraper (RS) operating on the floors in a full-scale, operative free-stall dairy barn. The research is focused on the evaluation of gaseous emissions from the two types of floors (concrete and rubber mat coated), and with and without RS operation. The floors with rubber coating demonstrated higher emission rates of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) compared to the uncovered concrete floors, both before and after RS operations. The operation of RS, furthermore, determined significant reduction of greenhouse gasses (GHG) but did not have relevant effect in terms of NH<sub>3</sub> emission, which reduced only of 1.4% from concrete floors, but increase of 12.7% from rubber coated floors.
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Hu, Yanjun, Shanshan Liu, Klein Ileleji, Yan Mi, and Long Han. "Design and 3-D simulation of a mixed mode solar barn drier for drying wastewater sewage sludge." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 2 (2018): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170830254h.
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The paper presents a preliminarily study on an efficient, inexpensive and energy saving solar batch dryer for drying sludge. A concept of a mixed mode solar dryer was developed and designed. Air heated by the solar flat heater was forced through drying chamber by electric fans. A 3-D physical model was used to observe and predict the operation of the solar batch dryer at different time under designed conditions. The thermal performance and air movement of drying chamber in the designed dryer unit were evaluated through ANSYS-FLUENT software. By determining the external conditions, localization and the material properties, the model can predict temperature and humidity distributions in the designed drying chamber and sludge material layers, air-flow field according to the radiation and convection, as well as water quantity evaporated from the sludge. A special attention was paid to implementation of physical boundary conditions on the sludge surface, which is between air and dried sludge. The developed solar barn dryer can heat air at average temperature between 47?C and 57?C, which is optimum for dehydration of the sludge. The designed drying chamber can generate an adequate fow of hot air to increase the drying rate by above 30%.
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Vieira, Frederico Márcio Corrêa, Allessandro Augusto Soares, Piotr Herbut, Edgar de Souza Vismara, Dorota Godyń, Aline Cristina Zambiasi dos Santos, Tainara da Silva Lambertes, and Wellington Felipe Caetano. "Spatio-Thermal Variability and Behaviour as Bio-Thermal Indicators of Heat Stress in Dairy Cows in a Compost Barn: A Case Study." Animals 11, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051197.
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The spatial variability and behavioural aspects of compost-bedded pack barns remain unknown in subtropical regions. In this study, we investigated whether spatial variability occurs in the thermal environment of a compost barn and how the behaviour of dairy cows with different numbers of lactations differs in this system. The spatial sampling design comprised a grid of 108 locations inside the facility. At each location, we measured air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and bed temperature at 9:00, 12:00, and 15:00. We performed 24-h behavioural observations. Regarding spatial variability, the north face showed high air temperature values, and the distribution of relative humidity varied from the north to the south face. Kriging maps revealed a high bedding temperature trend, indicating heterogeneous ventilation management. Primiparous cows visited the water trough during the hottest hours of the day, whereas multiparous cows displayed a higher probability of walking during these periods. In conclusion, we observed a heterogeneous management of ventilation through the spatial distribution of the thermal environment inside the compost-bedded pack barn, with multiparous cows exhibiting dominance over primiparous cows seeking environmental resources.
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Chiu, Yi-Chich, Wei-Chih Tsai, and Gang-Jhy Wu Wu. "Developing an Automated Feeding System for Distributing Concentrated Goat Feed." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 2 (2020): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13546.
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Highlights An automatic feeding system, employing a suspended-type feed dispenser and capable of detecting different zones and accordingly adjusting the quantity of feed distributed, was designed for distributing concentrated feed to goats.The assigned tasks were satisfactorily completed by the system with no major malfunctions or problems.The farmer of the test barn reported a 10% increase in lactation quantity with no additional labor.The automatic feeding system is a means of resolving the labor shortage problem and achieving an improved feeding strategy for goat husbandry.Abstract. To resolve the labor shortage problem and to achieve better feeding strategy for goat husbandry in Taiwan, an automatic feeding system (AFS) was developed. Because of the relatively small scale of Taiwanese goat farms, goats at various growth stages are kept in the same barn but separated into zones. Different concentrated feed formulas are needed for goats at different growth stages. The majority of goat farms in Taiwan adopt elevated-floor-type barn. The zone-separating fences and the meshed floors hinder the application of walking-type feed dispenser. Corresponding to the farming conditions, the AFS was designed to use suspended-type feed dispenser and is capable of detecting different zones and adjusting the distribution proportion accordingly. This system comprises a feed bucket and distribution unit, a suspended feed bucket moving unit, and a sensor control unit. A programmable logic controller is used as the controller. Electric power needed to move the dispenser and to power other devices is translated through a conductor rail system, and the control signals are transmitted using wireless transceivers. The feed bucket incorporates two sub-buckets for different types of feed and distributes different proportions and quantities of feed at different times according to the feeding zone. A vibrating motor was used to prevent bridging and jamming of feeds inside feed buckets. The system was also equipped with ultrasonic sensors to detect the quantity of feed remaining in the buckets and proceeded with an automatic refilling procedure when the quantity remaining is too low. A maximum of 12 time periods for feeding can be scheduled daily. Functional tests results showed that the AFS could achieve the design goals, which include evenly dispensing various proportion concentrated feeds according to the zones, at several set disperser travelling speeds. The vibrating motor could realize zero feed remaining in the feed buckets. Field tests were carried out in a 55- × 10-m goat barn with 385 goats for six months. The barn was divided into six zones. Goats were fed 8 times per day, four times as much as compared to the conventional feeding scheme, with preset amounts of concentrated feed distributed per goat per meal. Field test results indicated that the AFS could satisfactorily fulfill the assigned tasks with no major malfunction or problem. In addition, the farmer of the test barn reported a 10% increase of lactation quantity with no additional labor after using the system for 1 year. This system proved to be feasible, have practical value and commercial potential. An extensive application of this system in the future is expected to resolve the labor shortage that besets goat farming. Keywords: Automatic, Goat farm, Labor saving, Smart agriculture.
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Cortus, Erin L., Brian P. Hetchler, Mindy J. Spiehs, and Warren C. Rusche. "Environmental Conditions and Gas Concentrations in Deep-Pit Finishing Cattle Facilities: A Descriptive Study." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 1 (2021): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14040.
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HighlightsTemperature and air movement in the naturally ventilated barns correlated to ambient conditions.Manure N-P-K values related to solids distribution in the manure storage.Ammonia and combined sulfur concentrations increased with closer proximity to the manure surface.Influences of manure properties, airflow conditions, barn design, and management were evident for gas concentrations.Abstract. There is a lack of data to describe the range of environmental and air quality conditions in beef cattle confinement buildings with deep-pit manure storage. The objective of this article is to describe the environmental conditions, manure nutrient concentrations, and aerial gas concentrations for three deep-pit manure storage finishing beef cattle facilities and varying weather conditions. Measurements were collected from three barns finishing beef cattle with deep pits in Minnesota on three sampling days per barn in summer, fall, and spring weather conditions. The air temperatures throughout the barns closely mirrored the ambient temperature conditions, although significantly lower temperatures were sometimes evident at the manure surface or in the inlet opening. However, the manure and floor surfaces had 2°C and 5°C temperature increases over ambient temperatures. Air speeds through the barn openings were generally 40% of the ambient wind speed; at animal level, the average air speed was 1 to 3 m s-1. Manure nutrient distributions were not consistent between the surface and agitated (whole pit) samples, and this was likely due in part to solids distribution in the storage. Total nitrogen levels ranged from 4.5 to 6.7 g L-1, and ammonium-N was 50% to 65% of total N in agitated whole-pit samples. Phosphate and potassium oxide levels ranged from 2.8 to 4.2 g L-1 and from 3.7 to 4.5 g L-1, respectively. Aerial ammonia and combined sulfur concentrations varied by location within a barn, pen, and season. Ammonia and combined sulfur increased with proximity to the manure surface. Higher ammonia and combined sulfur concentrations at manure level and floor level for one of the three barns may have related to water quality and/or feed composition and resulting manure nutrients, in addition to warmer temperatures. At floor level, the greatest average ammonia concentration was 8.5 ppm, and 3.9 ppm at nose level. Maximum combined sulfur levels were a maximum of 270 ppb at floor level in summer conditions in one of the barns, while 52 ppb was the maximum average during spring conditions. Carbon dioxide levels also varied by location within a barn, pen, and season and were related in part to the presence of cattle in the pen. This project is the first to quantify air quality in slatted-floor cattle barns and contributes to a body of knowledge that can be used to develop process-based models for estimating air emissions from cattle facilities. Keywords: Airflow, Ammonia, Beef cattle, Confinement, Hydrogenslfide, Manure characteristics, Temperature.
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Rekilä, Teppo, Leena Ahola, Jaakko Mononen, and Mikko Harri. "Effect of the environment inside and outside the cage on the activity and behaviour test performance of silver foxes." Agricultural and Food Science 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72851.
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On the basis of daily activity in the home cage and the open field test the effect of the internal design and location of cages on the behaviour of silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) during a growth period was evaluated. The inclusion of platforms in cages increased the daytime activity of silver foxes in their home cage, but the inclusion of nest boxes did not. Silver foxes housed at the front of the animal barn were less active during the working day and more active in the evening than were animals housed at the rear. The results of the open field test did not differ significantly between animals housed in cages differing in design. This study demonstrates that the behaviour of silver foxes was only minimally affected by the interior environment of the cage, and that attempts to improve housing design should also take the environment outside the cage into account.
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NIKITIN, EVGENIY A. "CONTROL SYSTEM OF A ROBOTIC DEVICE USED FOR SERVICING A FEED TABLE." Agricultural engineering, no. 4 (2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2021-4-4-8.
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The authors propose to develop a robotic device for servicing a feed table in the cow barn. The device is intended to push the feed mixture to the walls of the feed table and make it more accessible to animals. The dispenser of concentrated feed additives improves the taste of the feed mixture, thereby increasing the level of feed consumption and livestock productivity. The components of the considered device were modeled and designed using the Compass 3-D software; simulation modeling of the control system of the electric drive was developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment; the software for controlling the device parameters was developed by Visual Studio code tools in the C-Sharp language. The electric drive developed on the basis of a simulation model made it possible to design a laboratory sample of the robotic platform. The developed device is capable of moving along a predetermined trajectory in manual and automatic modes. The software installed on the PC monitors the device operation, its positioning in the barn, the amount and type of feed additives dosed, and the battery charge level. It is noted that the introduction of the developed device into the technological process of feeding cattle will reduce labor costs for livestock feeding.
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Smith, John F. H. "William Stukeley in Stamford: His Houses, Gardens and a Project for a Palladian Triumphal Arch Over Barn Hill." Antiquaries Journal 93 (September 2013): 353–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581513000267.
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The part played by William Stukeley in the evolution of English garden design has aroused much interest in recent years, though little research has been carried out into his gardening and architectural activities while resident in Stamford, Lincolnshire, from 1730 to 1747. This was an important period in Stukeley's life and the influence of his archaeological work at Stonehenge and Avebury and his ideas on religion and the early British druids are clearly reflected in his garden designs. Previous work on this period in Stukeley's life has been hampered by imprecision over the various gardens or houses occupied in Stamford by Stukeley. The gardens and his residences are here identified and a mystery concerning his Barn Hill house that has puzzled architectural historians for five decades is solved: what was thought to be a remodelling of the house is here shown to be a scheme for a triumphal arch over the road immediately outside his house.
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Tumlin, Kimberly, Sa Liu, and Jae-Hong Park. "Framing Future of Work Considerations through Climate and Built Environment Assessment of Volunteer Work Practices in the United States Equine Assisted Services." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 10385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910385.
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The foundation of healthy workplace design is an understanding of work practices. Volunteers comprise the majority of the workforce in care centers using horses to address human health issues. Documentation is lacking on protections for worker well-being in equestrian microenvironments which are known to have the potential for dust exposures. Climate acts as a master variable in equestrian facility design and ventilation usage to address dust and temperature concerns. Using climate as an independent variable, our objective was to characterize space usage, safety, environmental control, and organizational practices through a national survey of equine assisted programs. We found that more fully enclosed indoor arena spaces were in cold/very cold and mixed-humid climates (p = 0.0114). Annually more volunteers (p = 0.0073) work in these two climate groups averaging 100 volunteers per location. A total of 34% of all facilities, regardless of climate, do not use mechanical ventilation systems (e.g., fans). As volunteer worker time in the arena increased, time in the barn microenvironment tended to decrease (p = 0.0538). We identified facility designs, ventilation usage, and worker arrangements to refine the scalability of future air contaminant monitoring and to provide frameworks for education, workplace design, and prevention of exposure to dust.
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Hare, K., T. J. DeVries, K. S. Schwartkopf-Genswein, and G. B. Penner. "Does the location of concentrate provision affect voluntary visits, and milk and milk component yield for cows in an automated milking system?" Canadian Journal of Animal Science 98, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2017-0123.
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Eight Holstein cows were used in a cross-over design to test whether concentrate allocation in an automated milking system (AMS) affects dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production. Cows were fed a high-energy partial mixed ration (HE-PMR) with 0.5 kg of AMS concentrate or a low-energy PMR (LE-PMR) with 5.0 kg of AMS concentrate. The AMS concentrate intake was greater and PMR intake was reduced for LE-PMR than HE-PMR. Milk, fat, and protein yields were not affected by treatment. In a guided-traffic flow barn, providing a PMR with greater energy density increases DMI, but has no effect on milk and milk component yield.
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Losordo, Thomas M., Alexander O. Hobbs, and Dennis P. DeLong. "The design and operational characteristics of the CP&L/EPRI fish barn: a demonstration of recirculating aquaculture technology." Aquacultural Engineering 22, no. 1-2 (May 2000): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8609(00)00029-7.
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Cabezon, Francisco A., Tyler C. Field, Jay S. Johnson, Allan P. Schinckel, and Robert Merton Stwalley. "Initial Evaluation of Sow Cooling Pad Coolant Protocols on Performance and Physiological Conditions Measured by Precision Animal Data System." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 38, no. 1 (2022): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14699.
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HighlightsThe sow physiological heat stress indicators showed significant improvement with cooling pad use.Time-triggered coolant flows demonstrate significant potential to cool overheated animals.Temperature-triggered coolant flows have the potential to operate effectively and maintain animals.A sensor and data collection system for a sow cooling pad was evaluated within a farrowing barn environment.Abstract.Thermal stress in swine has numerous negative effects on animal productivity and well-being. Researchers have developed a hog cooling pad that previous continuous coolant flow testing has determined to be efficient in removing heat from a simulated animal, effective in its use of coolant, and simple to build and maintain. Preliminary live animal experimentation with a single, second-prototype design under intermittent coolant flow was conducted at the conclusion of bench testing within a farrowing barn environment. The cooling pad was installed in a farrowing crate and preliminary live animal heat transfer data were collected. Two series of tests were conducted, triggering the coolant flow by set time cycles and by temperature limits. Three different sets of ambient barn conditions were examined (23°C, 28°C, and 33°C). In addition to the thermal reaction of the cooling device, animal temperatures and respiration rates for the treatment animal and a control animal were also collected during the experimentation. During time-controlled testing, the rectal temperature of the cooled sow was lower than the control sow (P = 0.02). The skin temperature of the cooled sow was also lower than the control sow (P = 0.04), and the respiration rate of the cooled sow was lower than the control sow (P = 0.02). These results indicated that temperature-controlled cooling might work well for ‘maintenance’ operations, while a time-controlled flow could potentially be used to extract greater levels of energy from an overheated animal. Results were encouraging enough that further testing with larger sample sizes to confirm these results for both control protocols is planned. Keywords: Cooling systems, Heat transfer, Physiological stress indicators, Swine, Thermal stress.
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Sanford, Joseph R., Horacio A. Aguirre-Villegas, and Rebecca A. Larson. "Pork Production Survey to Assess Factors of Facility Design and Operation." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 4536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pork producers can have difficulty operating or expanding existing facilities or establishing new facilities based on perceived negative impacts to the environment and surrounding community. It is critical to understand the characteristics and practices adopted in swine facilities to evaluate the extend of these impacts. A survey, completed by 69 pork producers in Wisconsin, was conducted to assess how facility design and management affect odor, water quality, water consumption, air quality, traffic, and noise. A wide range of production facilities participated in the survey where 29% of respondents were classified as very small (<35 animal units, AU), 16% as small (35–70 AU), 20% as medium (70–300 AU), 23% as large (300–1000 AU), and 12% as permitted (>1000 AU) facilities. Generally, facilities integrated numerous odor control strategies which resulted in high calculated odor scores and the absence of odor complaints. However, the lack of nutrient management planning and other practices for water quality, particularly for facilities with less than 300 AU, indicates there are areas that need improvement. Regardless of facility size, water reduction practices were very commonly reported indicating water conservation is important. Pit ventilation and mechanical ventilation was reported at 58 and 85% of the surveyed facilities, which highlights the need to increase the adoption of mechanical ventilation for air quality, especially in farms with under-barn storage. Using trucks instead of tractors and pumping instead of trucks and tractors can reduce traffic around facilities during manure hauling season.
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Kim, Seung Jae, and Meong Hun Lee. "Design and Implementation of a Malfunction Detection System for Livestock Ventilation Devices in Smart Poultry Farms." Agriculture 12, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122150.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Smart livestock farming aims to improve the productivity of livestock through the provision of optimal housing, and it is developed using various sensors and actuators. Ventilation systems play a crucial role in smart livestock farming, including disease prevention and the processing of pollutants (ammonia and hydrogen sulfide) that are severely detrimental to livestock growth. Malfunctions in animal housing ventilation systems lead to mass mortality events. To address such issues, this study reports the design and implementation for a smart detection system for malfunctions in the ventilation devices installed in animal housing. This system is based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and implements the ontology method, considering sensor and controller data as the standard. A semantic sensor network ontology founded on a knowledge base was used to detect malfunctions, and stimulus-sensor-observation patterns were used to determine a sensor network within the smart barn. System activation and RNN model tests were used to test the malfunction detection system, and the error between actual data and predicted values was found to be 0.06889. These findings provide insight into the development of autonomous detection systems for device malfunctions and are essential for the development of smart livestock farming technologies.
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Scott, Angela Bullanday, Mini Singh, Jenny-Ann Toribio, Marta Hernandez-Jover, Belinda Barnes, Kathryn Glass, Barbara Moloney, Amanda Lee, and Peter Groves. "Comparisons of management practices and farm design on Australian commercial layer and meat chicken farms: Cage, barn and free range." PLOS ONE 12, no. 11 (November 22, 2017): e0188505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188505.
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Hilbrands, Adrienne M., Larry D. Jacobson, Brian P. Hetchler, Curt D. Reese, and Lee J. Johnston. "Research Room Design Using Artificial Heat Sources to Implement Heat Stress Studies of Pigs." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, no. 6 (2017): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12398.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Heat stress continues to be an important challenge for the swine industry, largely due to continued genetic improvements resulting in leaner animals with higher metabolic heat production coupled with climatic changes trending towards warmer temperatures. In northern climates, there are two likely scenarios that would allow the study of heat stress in commercial barns. The use of natural summer heat to stress the pigs while mechanically cooling non-stressed pigs or using cool winter temperatures to create a thermoneutral environment for non-stressed pigs while using supplemental heat to induce heat-stress. Our experiment was designed to demonstrate the latter approach and was completed in a commercial-like growing-finishing pig barn mimicking historical hot weather conditions found in Southern Minnesota. The winter experiment maintained one room in the pig's thermoneutral zone (TN) by controlling ventilation with ambient inlet air while another room exposed pigs to heat stress (HS) temperatures with the use of natural gas-fired heaters and minimum ventilation. Pigs (n = 432; 9 pigs/pen; 24 pens/room) with average starting weight of 25 kg were placed in a growing-finishing pig barn at a research farm located at Morris, MN. Pigs were weighed monthly throughout the experiment and average daily feed intake (ADFI) was calculated. Average daytime and nighttime temperatures for the HS room were 29°C and 22°C, respectively, and 17°C and 15°C, respectively, for the TN room. Heat stress was evident in the HS pigs as indicated by greater respiration rates observed on the third (P < 0.05; SE = 7.78; 83 vs 28 breaths/minute, respectively) and fourth observation dates (P < 0.05; SE = 7.78; 128 vs 29 breaths/minute, respectively) when compared to TN housed pigs. Average daily feed intake was also reduced for the HS pigs (P < 0.05; SE = 0.04) at the end of periods 2 (2.77 vs. 3.00 kg) and 3 (2.85 vs. 3.27 kg) compared to TN housed pigs. Average daily gain (ADG) did not differ during the first two observation periods and only tended to differ (P < 0.10, SE = 0.02) at the end of the experiment (0.83 vs. 0.87 kg) with the TN pigs gaining slightly more than the HS pigs. However, gain:feed ratio (G:F) was greater (P < 0.05; SE = 0.005) for the HS pigs during period 2 (0.34 vs. 0.32) and period 3 (0.29 vs 0.27) than for the TN pigs. Average CO2 concentrations were below 5,000 ppm (2,800 and 3,400 ppm for HS and TN rooms, respectively) and NH3 concentrations were similar (9 and 14 ppm for the HS and TN rooms, respectively). The findings of this experiment demonstrate that it is technically possible to conduct a heat stress experiment during the winter, utilizing existing heat sources to impose heat stress on pigs. Keywords: Air quality, Heat stress, Pig cooling, Pig housing, Swine.
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Ambarwati, Fefi Wuri, and Isharijadi Isharijadi. "ANALISIS SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PEMBELIAN BAHAN BAKU SECARA TUNAI GUNA MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS PENGENDALIAN INTERN PADA PT. DWI MULYO LESTARI MADIUN." Assets: Jurnal Akuntansi dan Pendidikan 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/jap.v1i1.520.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<span>This study evaluates the raw material purchasing system are applied in PT. Mulyo Dwi Lestari in order to enhance the effectiveness of internal control. The data was collected using interview and observation techniques. The analysis conducted is qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the research that has been done, researchers can take the conclusion that the implementation of raw material purchasing system in the PT. Mulyo Dwi Lestari not support the effectiveness of internal control. The weaknesses include there isn’t form of purchase orders, goods receiving report form is not suitable with the basic principles of design, a dual function in the barn, yet numbered printed form, and never made a sudden inspection of the accounting records company's physical wealth.</span>