Статті в журналах з теми "Barley Nutrition"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Barley Nutrition.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Barley Nutrition".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Wood, Peter J., and Susan M. Tosh. "Nutrition Discussion Forum." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 3 (March 2008): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711450782410x.
2
Таланов, Иван, Ivan Talanov, Лилия Каримова, and Liliya Karimova. "BARLEY PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING ON NUTRITION BACKGROUND AND SEEDING RATE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5db95a9da9c1c0.43759300.
Анотація:
Barley is cultivated for food, technical and feed purposes. Barley grain is used for barley flour, pearl barley and a number of products, from which are prepared for our nutrition. In addition, it is used for the preparation of coffee substitutes, in the alcohol and brewing industries, has high feed qualities and is widely used as a concentrated feed for all types of farm animals, especially pigs. The results of studies showed that the dynamics of plant density and root rot damage were more influenced by planting rates, less than the estimated dose of fertilizers. The best nutritional regime and the maximum barley productivity (4.06 tons per hectare) with good grain quality indicators were obtained against the calculated nutritional background (4.0 tons per hectare) with a sowing rate of 5 mln. germinating seeds per 1 ha. The two-factor field experience with serial distribution of plots was laid on leached chernozem in LLC AF “Zay” of Zainsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2013-2015. The purpose of the research was to study the biological characteristics of the variety and soil and climatic conditions for yield and quality indicators of barley grain. The objectives of our research were: to determine the effect of the seeding rate on the density of the stalk, damage to plants by root rot, the dynamics of plant nutrients, weediness of crops, yield and quality of barley grain. In the course of our studies, we found that the minimum value of barley grain quality indicators was observed against the background without fertilizers when sowing 5.5 million units per hectare: nature was 620 g/l, filmy 9.4%, germination 96.8%, the protein content of 11.9% and the extractivity of 77.0%, the maximum against this background was observed when sowing 4.0 million units per hectare. The barley grain quality indicators, grown against a calculated nutritional background, may well correspond to the brewing industry. The formation dynamics of plant densities and affection with their root rot had a greater influence on planting rates, and less calculated doses of fertilizers.
3
Kouadria, R., M. Bouzouina, B. Lotmani, and S. Soualem. "Unraveling the role of endophytic fungi in barley salt-stress tolerance." Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2023-0002.
Анотація:
Summary Salinity is an agricultural and eco-environmental problem worldwide that decreases crop production. Endophytic fungi have been shown to improve plant tolerance to stressful conditions. The purpose of the paper is to examine the efficiency of Embellisia phragmospora, Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium graminearum to improve tolerance of pot-grown barley in greenhouse under different levels of soil salinity (2.5, 8 and 14dS/m) by estimating growth, relative water content, mineral nutrition, photosynthetic pigments biosynthesis, proline and sugar levels. Results showed that E. phragmospora increased barley emergence rate to 66.7% compared to 60% recorded by non-colonized barley under 14dS/m soil salinity. The tested endophytes increased barley root length, shoot and root dry weights under salt stress. Endophytic fungi reduced Na+ accumulation and improved K+ uptake in barely under salinity. Fusarium equiseti and F. graminearum-inoculated barley increased proline content under salinity. Fusarium graminearum-colonized barley showed the highest sugar content under salt stress. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of endophytic fungi bio-inoculation in improvement of barley tolerance to salt stress, which qualify them to be a potent tool to provide substantial benefits to crops for sustainable agriculture.
4
Zhang, Zongwen, Jing Zhang, Ping Lu, Bin Wu, Minxuan Liu, Jia Gao, Chunchao Wang, Keyu Bai, and Ganggang Guo. "Six Underutilized Grain Crops for Food and Nutrition in China." Plants 11, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11192451.
Анотація:
Underutilized grain crops are an essential part of the food system that supports humankind. A number of these crops can be found in China, such as barley, buckwheat, broomcorn millet, foxtail millet, oat, and sorghum, which have characteristics such as containing more nutritional elements, being resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses, and having strong adaptability to poor environments. The diversity of these crops provides options for farmers’ livelihoods and healthy food for the population. Although some mentioned crops such as barley, oat, and sorghum are not underutilized crops globally, they could be considered underutilized in China as they were more important in the past and could be revitalized for food and nutrition in the future. This paper reviews current progress in research and development in the areas of germplasm resource conservation, variety improvement, cultivation technologies, processing, and the nutrition and benefits of six underutilized grain crops in China. It is concluded that underutilized grain crops could play a critical role in food and nutritional security in China.
5
Nakov, Gjore, Nastia Ivanova, Tzonka Godjevargova, and Stanka Damyanova. "PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY ABOUT CONSUMPTION OF CEREALS AND THEIR PRODUCTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA." Applied Researches in Technics, Technologies and Education 6, no. 1 (2018): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/artte.2018.01.010.
Анотація:
Cereals in nutrition provide the energy necessary for daily functions and usual metabolic processes. Apart from being used as basic raw material in beer and whisky production, barley is more often used in baking industry through fortifying wheat products or through complete replacement of wheat flour with barley flour. Triticum monococcum L. is a wild wheat whose interest for cultivation rises due to dietetic nutritive aspects of this particular type of wheat, mainly because of the important role in preventing cancer, diabetes and chronic diseases. The aim of this abstract is to assess the knowledge and attitudes of consumers in the Republic of Macedonia and the Republic of Bulgaria regarding the consumption of cereals in daily nutrition and products from different cereals.
6
Dudar, I., O. Lytvyn, S. Pavkovych, H. Korpita, and О. Kozliuk. "YIELD OF WINTER BARLEY DEPENDING ON MINERAL NUTRITION." Bulletin of Lviv National Environmental University: Agronomy, no. 26 (December 20, 2022): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2022.26.072.
Анотація:
The article presents the results of studies of the influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter barley in the Western Forest-Steppe.
It has been found that grain yield depends on providing plants with mineral nutrients throughout the growing season. The results of scientific research on the influence of mineral nutrition on seed germination, plant survival during the growing season, grain yield and structure of winter barley cultivated on gray podzolic soils in the Western Forest-Steppe are described. The authors of the research studied different doses of mineral fertilizers: 1) without fertilizers (control); 2) N30Р30К30; 3) N60Р60К60; 4) N90Р90К90.
A decrease in field germination by 1.1–2.3 %, with an increase in the level of mineral nutrition was determined.
The positive effect of mineral fertilization on the survival of winter barley has been proved. The lowest level of plant survival was in the areas without fertilizers, and the highest – under application of mineral fertilizers in the norm N90Р90К90.
The positive effect of fertilization on the number of productive stems, the weight of grain from the ear and the number of grains in the ear was demonstrated. A positive correlation was established between fertilizer and the number of grains in the ear (r = 0.96) and fertilizer and grain weight from the ear (r = 0.77). It was found that the studied rates of fertilizers were effective for the nutritional regime of winter barley agrocenosis in the Western Forest-Steppe. The optimal dose of fertilizers which ensures maximum grain yield was determined. Application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (Р90К90) for plowing and nitrogen (N30+30+30) in three steps: during the restoration of spring vegetation, in the phase of tube emergence and earing provided a significant increase in yield as compared to control (without fertilizers) and options N30Р30К30 and N60Р60К60.
7
SOON, Y. K., and A. L. DARWENT. "Effect of integrated management of couch grass (Elytrigia repens) on soil quality and crop nutrition." Journal of Agricultural Science 130, no. 3 (May 1998): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859697005157.
Анотація:
The effects of suppressing couch grass (Elytrigia repens L.), through integrated management, on soil biological quality and N and P nutrition of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were evaluated in a field experiment (1987–92) on a Dark Grey soil in Alberta, Canada. The management practices consisted of combinations of herbicide application, crop rotations and tillage treatments. The 3-year crop sequences consisted of continuous barley, canola (Brassica rapa L.)–barley–barley, fallow–barley–barley, and barley or canola undersown with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)–red clover green manure–barley. In 1992, the sixth year of the experiment, soil and plant samples were analysed for nutrient content. Treatments that consisted of spring and autumn tillage only did not suppress couch grass and produced low barley yields and N and P uptake. More N was immobilized in couch grass shoots and rhizomes and soil microbial biomass with these treatments than with similar herbicide-treated crop rotations. Tillage-plus-herbicide treatments effectively suppressed couch grass and enabled the barley crop to compete for soil N, however, both spring and autumn tillage were required for weed control. The fallow treatment impaired soil quality by reducing soil and microbial C and N, but produced similar barley yields as continuous cropping with tillage-plus-chemical control. Red clover ploughed in for green manure enhanced soil quality indicators such as soil and microbial biomass C, total and mineralizable soil N, and microbial N, but did not increase barley yield compared to continuous grain cropping.
8
Klymyshena, R. "Influence of foliar nutrition of barley plants on brewing quality of grain by Kolbach index." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(157) (May 25, 2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-49-56.
Анотація:
The aim of the study was to determine the dependence of brewing quality of spring barley grain in terms of indicator of Kolbach number depending on the eff ect of foliar nutrition of plants during the growing season with micronutrients Wuxal on different backgrounds of mineral fertilization. Effectiveness of the infl uence of foliar nutrition of spring barley plants by microfertilizers Wuxal during the growing season on the brewing quality according to the Kolbach number was established. It is revealed that the eff ectiveness of the technological agricultural measure carried out depends on the number of agri-receptions, the rate of microfertilizers and the background of mineral nutrition. It was proved that when growing barley on the background of mineral nutrition N30P45K45 the best results were obtained with two and three times application of microfertilizers at the rate of 1.5 l/ha in accordance with the phenophases of tillering, stem elongation and fl owering. Maximum productivity on the background of N60P90K90 mineral nutrition is achieved by providing three times of crops spraying with a solution of microfertilizers in the amount of 2.0 l/ha each time in accordance with the above-mentioned phenophases of barley plants growth and development. The efficiency of foliar nutrition of spring barley plants by microfertilizers depends on the technological scheme of application, namely on the number of methods of the agro-measure carried out at the respective phenophases of development. The variants of double application microfertilizers were the best in growing barley on the background of mineral nutrition N30P45K45, – Wuxal P Max 1.5 l/ha during tillering and Wuxal Grain 1.5 l/ha at the beginning of flowering; Wuxal Grain 1.5 l/ha during the stem elongation and Wuxal Grain 1.5 l/ ha at the beginning of flowering. The optimal variant for three-times foliar nutrition of plants with microfertilizers was as follows: Wuxal P Max 1.5 l/ha during tillering, Wuxal Grain 1.5 l/ha during of stem elongation and Wuxal Grain 1.5 l/ha at the beginning of flowering, where the highest Kolbach number is obtained – 47.7; 47.5 and 48.0 %, respectively. On the background of N60P90K90 mineral nutrition, the highest parameters were established for three-time spraying of plants with microfertilizers Wuxal P Max 2.0 l/ha during tillering, Wuxal Grain 2.0 l/ha during of stem elongation and Wuxal Grain 2.0 l/ha at the beginning of flowering – 46.9 %. Key words: spring barley, grain quality, Kolbach number, microfertilizers, foliar nutrition.
9
Dang, Bin, Wen-Gang Zhang, Jie Zhang, Xi-Juan Yang, and Huai-De Xu. "Evaluation of Nutritional Components, Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Highland Barley with Different Grain Colors on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau." Foods 11, no. 14 (July 8, 2022): 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11142025.
Анотація:
The nutritional composition, polyphenol and anthocyanin composition, and antioxidant capacity of 52 colored highland barley were evaluated. The results showed that the protein content of highland barley in the black group was the highest, the total starch and fat contents in the blue group were the highest, the amylose content in the purple group was quite high, the fiber content in the yellow group was quite high, and the β-glucan content of the dark highland barley (purple, blue and black) was quite high. The polyphenol content and its antioxidant capacity in the black group were the highest, while the anthocyanin content and its antioxidant capacity in the purple highland barley were the highest. Ten types of monomeric phenolic substances were the main contributors to DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP antioxidant capacity. All varieties could be divided into four categories according to nutrition or function. The grain color could not be used as an absolute index to evaluate the quality of highland barley, and the important influence of variety on the quality of highland barley also needed to be considered. In actual production, suitable raw materials must be selected according to the processing purpose and variety characteristics of highland barley.
10
Sakellariou, Michalia, and Photini V. Mylona. "New Uses for Traditional Crops: The Case of Barley Biofortification." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 1964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121964.
Анотація:
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the oldest domesticated crops used for both human and animal feed. Over the years however, its role in human diet has been very limited and replaced by the broad use of wheat products. Nowadays, micronutrient deficiency, also known as hidden hunger, is one of the major challenges to human health worldwide. Biofortification of staple crops has been broadly accepted as the best strategy to overcome these limitations. Studies on the nutritional value of barley have proven its multiple benefits on human health and drove new attention towards the cultivation under the light of new food purposes. Biofortification of barley is approached through agronomic practices, conventional breeding, and/or the use of biotechnological tools and research results show that barley can be a promising crop for the emergence of novel food products with a significant impact on human nutrition.
11
Tynko, Valentyna. "FOLIAR FEEDING AS A FACTOR IN INCREASING THE LEVEL OF GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING BARLEY." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2020-2-20.
Анотація:
The article presents the results of spring barley crops and the effect of foliar fertilization on them. Prospects and effectiveness of biological products as a basic fertilizer for cereals. Spring barley is a valuable food, fodder and technical crop. Pearl barley and barley groats are made from vitreous and coarse-grained two-row barley grain. Most barley is used for feed purposes. In 1 kg. grain contains 1.2 feed units and 100 g of digestible protein. Spring barley contains a lot of protein (9-12%), carbohydrates (70-75%), pentazoles (7-11%), sucrose (1.7-2%), fiber (3.8-5.5%), fat (1.6-2%), ash (2-3%). Spring barley grain is characterized by high nutritional value and is widely used in feed production, confectionery, brewing. However, in the dynamics of its yield there are significant fluctuations, which is associated with both agro-climatic conditions and organizational and economic. Having a short growing season, underdeveloped root system, the culture is quite demanding on the provision of basic factors of plant life, including nutrients. The system of fertilization of spring barley is determined primarily by predecessors. It has a valuable ability to make the best use of the aftereffects of organic and mineral fertilizers applied to the previous crop. If spring barley is sown after well-fertilized row crops (sugar beet, potatoes), under which 40-50 t / ha of manure and mineral fertilizers are applied within N80P80K80 - N120P120K120, then fertilizers are not applied directly under barley at all. Against this background, barley with proper care can form 40-50 kg / ha of grain. It is clear that in case of incomplete supply of sugar beets or potatoes with fertilizers, barley will require additional application of macronutrients. Barley responds very well to fertilizer application, especially in conditions of sufficient moisture. The increase in yield from mineral fertilizers can reach 15-20 kg / ha. To prevent lodging of plants, it is necessary to ensure the correct ratio of nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Given the condition of the soil cover and low volumes of fertilizer application, we consider the issues of optimization of mineral nutrition of spring barley to be relevant and in need of refinement. An important component of the plant nutrition system is the use of microfertilizers. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to establish the reaction of spring barley to the complex use of microfertilizers, crop formation and grain quality in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine [3] Key words: spring barley, foliar feeding, biological products.
12
Popovic, Vera, Djordje Glamoclija, Miroslav Malesevic, Jela Ikanovic, Gordana Drazic, Marija Spasic, and Sasa Stankovic. "Genotype specificity in nitrogen nutrition of malting barley." Genetika 43, no. 1 (2011): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1101197p.
Анотація:
A three-year trial (2003-2005) was conducted under agro ecological conditions of Timocka Krajina (the experiment farm of Technological Research Center in Zajecar). Research object were six malting barley genotypes, which were top-dressed with the following amounts of nitrogen in the course of growing season: 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha-1. A non-fertilized variant served as a control. The obtained results indicated that the tested genotypes reacted to increased amounts of nitrogen by changing their morphological and biological characteristics as well as the technological values of grain. The effectiveness of the applied nitrogen depended significantly on the distribution of rainfall in periods of highest water uptake by malting barley.
13
Fomin, D. S., N. N. Yarkova, and S. S. Polyakova. "Yield of spring barley depending on the hydrothermal conditions of vegetation in the conditions of the Middle Trans-Urals." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 23, no. 6 (December 19, 2022): 852–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.6.852-859.
Анотація:
The purpose of the research is to study the influence of hydrothermal conditions of vegetation of 2011-2022 on the yield of spring barley of the Rodnik Prikamya variety in the conditions of the Middle Trans-Urals. Barley was cultivated in a traditional field grain-grassfallow seven-field crop rotation against two backgrounds of mineral nutrition (without fertilizers, N60P30K60). In the conditions of a long stationary experiment, the influence of indicators of moisture and heat supply of vegetation periods (air temperature, precipitation amount, G. T. Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient) and mineral fertilizers on barley yield was analyzed. The analysis proves the reliability of the relationship, and the regression equations for the curvilinear dependence make it possible to predict the yield of spring barley for both backgrounds of mineral nutrition in typical soil and climatic conditions for the Middle Trans-Urals. For the variant with the introduction of mineral nutrition, with a prediction accuracy of 84.56 %: Y = -1.22163X2 + 0.69X + 4.01388626, where Y is the predicted yield, t/ha, X is the hydrothermal coefficient of May. For the variant without mineral fertilizers: Y = -0.080X2 + 0.5844X + 2.5506, where Y is the predicted yield, t/ha, X is the hydrothermal coefficient of June. The accuracy of forecasting the yield of spring barley by the hydrothermal coefficient of June is 77.89 %.
14
Eryashev, Alexsandr Pavlovich, and Pavel Aleksandrovich Eryashev. "Effect of Optimal Area and Mineral Feed Level on Obtaining High Yields of Malting Barley." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 84 (September 9, 2022): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.84.340.344.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was the scientific justification for obtaining high yields of malting barley of the Grace variety based on the optimal area and mineral level. The objective of the study was to evaluate the change in the completeness of germination, preservation, and survival of plants resulting from mineral nutrition and the nutrition area and to establish the growth, development, and change in the elements of the crop structure and yield depending on the use of mineral fertilizers (N30P30K30, N60P60K60) and nutrition area. Considering the agro-climatic resources of the southeast of the forest-steppe in the Non-Chernozem region and the biological features, the authors developed methods for realizing the productive potential of malting barley of the Grace variety. A two-factor field experiment was set in 2016, 2018, and 2019. Rational doses of mineral fertilizers and seeding rates in the technology of cultivation of multi-row barley are determined. The paper presents the results of studies on the complex effect of the background of mineral nutrition and the area of nutrition on the density, completeness of germination; preservation, survival of plants; elements of the crop structure, and grain yield of malting barley of the Grace variety on leached chernozems of the Republic of Mordovia (Russia). It is established that the highest grain yield (3.84 t/ha) is provided when mineral fertilizers are applied at the rate of N60P60K60 and the seeds are sown at a norm of 5.0 million germinating seeds per ha.
15
Živković, Branislav, Goce Cilev, Olga Kosovac, Čedomir Radović, Dragan Mirkov, and Ivan Kinčeš. "EXTRUDED CORN AND BARLEY IN NUTRITION OF PIGLETS." Macedonian Journal of Animal Science 1, no. 1 (2011): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54865/mjas111171zh.
16
Topps, J. H., Md Nurul Islam, P. J. Broadbent, and G. F. M. Paterson. "Effects of pre-calving nutrition on the performance of twin bearing cows and their calves." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600010023.
Анотація:
With the advent of twinning in beef cows there is a need to obtain information on the nutritional requirements of these animals during the last three months of pregnancy and to assess the effects of pre-calving nutrition on cow and calf performance in the subsequent lactation. Three experiments have been carried out With 10, 9 and 14 multiple bearing Hereford x British Friesian cows. In each experiment a comparison was made With single bearing cows but the results from these animals are not considered in this paper. The cows were given different energy intakes in a factorial arrangement with low or high levels of UDP over the last three months of pregnancy. After calving all cows were given 125 MJ ME/d for the first 12 Weeks of lactation and performance monitored to assess any carryover effect of pregnancy nutrition.Similar diets were fed during the last three months of pregnancy in all three experiments. The diet containing a low level of UDP (0.19 of total protein) consisted of barley straw, barley grain, molassed meal and urea. While that With a high UDP content (0.33 of total protein) contained barley straw, barley grain, malt distillers dark grains and special propietary cubes.
17
Köten, Mehmet, Sabri Ünsal, and Ayhan Atlı. "Arpanın İnsan Gıdası Olarak Değerlendirilmesi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (December 11, 2013): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v1i2.51-55.25.
Анотація:
Barley, as animal feed, raw material for malting and human food, constitute an important part among cereal sources in the world. Majority of barley that produced both in Turkey and other countries of the world, is being used as animal feed. Poor baking quality, taste and appearance of barley restricted its use in human nutrition. However, recently high protein, fiber, especially β-glucan and high starch content appeal to food industry. Many scientific researches established that β-glucan, a soluble fiber, has an effect in healing coronary-hearth diseases, lowering blood cholesterol level, balancing blood sugar level, preventing obesity. Being a healthy cereal that can be used in various purposes, and an additive in many food products, barley is considered a very promising cereal, and research to increase possibilities of its use in human nutrition is being increased. In the literature, there has been researches on making noodles, bulgur, kavut (roasted cereal), breakfast cereals. In this study the researches relating to evaluation of barley, importance of which is increased every day, as human food was reviewed.
18
Moro, Hitoshi, Ho-Dong Park, and Takashi Kunito. "Organic Phosphorus Substantially Contributes to Crop Plant Nutrition in Soils with Low Phosphorus Availability." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050903.
Анотація:
To evaluate phosphorus (P) availability and the role of microorganisms in P dynamics in the barley rhizosphere, we constructed a rhizobox using two arable Andosols under different fertilization management regimens and cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Minorimugi) for 5 weeks. The phosphatase-labile pool of organic phosphorus (Po) was assessed using a phosphatase-addition approach in combination with chemical extraction of Po from soils. A considerable amount of inorganic P (Pi) in the NaHCO3 fraction was taken up by barley roots in a soil with high Pi availability, whereas Po, primarily phytate-like P in the NaHCO3 fraction, was hydrolyzed and then taken up by barley roots in a soil with low Pi availability. No significant utilization of either NaOH-Pi or NaOH-Po was observed for both soils during the 5-week cultivation. In the soil with low Pi availability, elevated acid phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities, and greater utilization of Po substrates by bacteria in the Biolog ECO plate, were observed in the rhizosphere when compared with those in the bulk soil. This suggested enhanced Po hydrolysis by increased phosphatase activities to meet the P demand, making the Po an important P source for barley in the soil.
19
Arefin, Paroma, Salma Ahmed, Md Shehan Habib, Zafar As Sadiq, Farhana Boby, Subarna Sandhani Dey, Md Abdurrahim Md Abdurrahim, et al. "Assessment and Comparison of Nutritional Properties of Jackfruit Seed Powder with Rice, Wheat, Barley, and Maize Flour." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 10, no. 2 (September 2, 2022): 544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.10.2.11.
Анотація:
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is widely known as a nutritious fruit. They grow mostly in Brazil and some other parts of Africa and South Asian countries. Jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh, and it grows copiously in the Northern part of the country. Jackfruit seed powder has been researched and used as a functional food in different food products. This work investigated some physicochemical properties and nutritional parameters of five types of grain flours collected from the northern region of Bangladesh. The grain flours are jackfruit seed powder (with spermoderm), rice powder, barley powder, wheat flour powder, and maize powder. In this study, we have observed that jackfruit seed powder is highly nutritious. So, it can also be said from the study that jackfruit seed powder from Bangladesh has a high nutritional value when compared to other flours. It can be used alone or along with these flours in different food products. Therefore, in the era of ensuring sustainable development and meeting challenges of nutrition security, jackfruit seed powder can be an appropriate choice to reduce postharvest loss and produce value-added products.
20
Dočkalová, Hana, Pavel Horký, Ladislav Zeman, Ondřej Polák, and Jiří Skládanka. "Influence of Mycotoxins in Barley Monodiets on Growth Performance and Rats Liver Histology." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 1 (2018): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866010017.
Анотація:
The presence of mycotoxins in animal feed cause health disorders and can also contribute to other factors such as stress, lack of nutrition, infectious agents etc. The aim of this article was to study effect of feed ration contaminated with mycotoxins on liver histology and live weight of laboratory rats. 15 pieces of laboratory rats were divided into 3 groups (A, B, C). The rats in first group (A) fed with part of 30 % mycotoxin-contaminated barley, in second group (B were fed with 60 % and in control group (C) were fed without mycotoxin-contaminated barley. Content of deoxynivalenol (DON) was 9634 µg/kg and content of zearalenone (ZEN) was 2192 µg/kg. Barley monodietus were given rats in all groups to induce a nutritional imbalance. The aim of this study was to monitor the effect of mycotoxins and nutritional imbalances on weight gains and liver histology. The question is, “will the presence of mycotoxins in feed dose increase negative effect of a monodiets on health status?” No significant differences were found between the observed parameters. The presence of mycotoxins did not aggravate the negative effect of the monodiets on liver histology of the experimental rats.
21
Marković, Goran, Milomirka Madić, Nikola Bokan, and Miroslav Ćirković. "Alternative Cereals in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Nutrition." Contemporary Agriculture 65, no. 1-2 (August 1, 2016): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/contagri-2016-0004.
Анотація:
Summary Due to their high carbohydrate content, cereals are the main source of energy in human, livestock and fish diets, with wheat and maize being the most commonly used crops. Although these two crops, along with rice, satisfy about 50% of human energy requirements, it is necessary to introduce other crops, which are of minor commercial importance. This necessity has been intensified by the growing needs of aquaculture, particularly with respect to carbohydrate requirements. Cereal grains account for an average of 35-45% of the feed ration for common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Experiments have been conducted on the use of barley, triticale and rye as substitutes for wheat and maize. The grains of these replacement cereals are preliminarily subjected to gelatinisation due to the high content of crude starch. Results indicate the possibility of partial or complete substitution (for maize) in some fish feeds. The usability (feed value) of cereals in fish nutrition is ranked in the order: wheat > triticale > maize > barley > rye.
22
Polišenská, Ivana, Ondřej Jirsa, Kateřina Vaculová, Markéta Pospíchalová, Simona Wawroszova, and Jan Frydrych. "Fusarium Mycotoxins in Two Hulless Oat and Barley Cultivars Used for Food Purposes." Foods 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081037.
Анотація:
Hulless oats and hulless barley are highly valued for their excellent nutritional attributes and are increasingly being promoted in human nutrition. However, special attention should be paid to the risk of their contamination by Fusarium mycotoxins, as the rate of mycotoxin reduction during processing could be much lower than that for hulled cereals. In the present study, mycotoxin contamination of two cultivars, each of hulless oats and barley suitable for food purposes were studied in a 3-year field trial established in two contrasting environments. The contents of the mycotoxins regulated by law (deoxynivalenol and zearalenone) were low, and the present legal limits for their maximum content in unprocessed cereals were far from being exceeded. The mycotoxins most frequently occurring in hulless barley were enniatins (enniatin B, enniatin B1 and enniatin A1), beauvericin and nivalenol; hulless oats most frequently contained the HT-2 and T-2 toxins, beauvericin and enniatin B. The contents of enniatins and nivalenol were higher in barley than in oats. Close, positive relationships between the contents of the individual enniatins and between enniatins, beauvericin and nivalenol were observed, which implies that co-exposure could enhance the toxic potential of these mycotoxins through synergistic effects. The results highlight the need to pay more attention to the occurrence of enniatins, beauvericine and nivalenol in hulless oats and barley used for food purposes.
23
Szuba-Trznadel, Anna, Małgorzata Korzeniowska, Tomasz Hikawczuk, and Bogusław Fuchs. "The Effect of Hybrid Barley in the Diets of Fattening Pigs on Pork Oxidative Stability Related to the Fatty Acid Profile." Animals 11, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072134.
Анотація:
Feed determines the quality of pork meat, in which the composition of the fatty acid (FA) profile is one of the easiest to modify by the application of selected feed components. Barley grains are considered to have an impact on meat quality, including pork; however, there are still limited data on the use of hybrid barley in fattening pigs’ nutrition in relation to meat quality. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between meat quality, i.e., its oxidative stability, especially the FA profile, and fattening pigs’ diets with hybrid barley and/or wheat. In group I, hybrid barley (HB) composed 80% of the feed; in group II, a mixture of (40% each) wheat and barley was used; and in group III, wheat (W) composed 80% of the feed. Meat samples were taken from twelve randomly selected carcasses chosen from each group. The meat analyses covered the physicochemical and sensory traits. The results showed that the pork meat of fattening pigs fed fodder with 80% HB had decreased palmitic acid concentrations and increased oleic acid concentrations. The meat of these pigs was characterised by the best marbling, which was closely related to its juiciness after thermal processing and determined its final culinary quality. Moreover, the meat from these pigs exhibited a reddish colour, before and after thermal processing. In summary, the application of hybrid barley into pig nutrition improved the quality of the culinary meat.
24
Shchuklina, O. A., and R. A. Afanasiev. "Application of photometry for diagnostics of nitrogen nutrition in spring barley." BIO Web of Conferences 42 (2022): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224201012.
Анотація:
The article discusses a method for diagnosing nitrogen nutrition of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in different phases of the growing season using a photometric device (N-tester) Yara. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the Moscow region (Russia) on the Mikhailovsky spring barley variety on sod-podzolic medium loamy soils with a high and medium content of phosphorus and potassium and a low content of humus (1.9). The agrometeorological conditions of the growing season of spring barley were characterized by sharp fluctuations in air temperature and the amount of precipitation over decades of the month and in comparison with average long-term observations. Abundant and prolonged precipitation during the grain ripening phase led to lodging in most of the experiments, which affected the yield. To diagnose crops, a model experiment was laid with the introduction of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers into pre-sowing cultivation with a step of 30, at which the dose of nitrogen ranged from 30 to 150 kg/ha. Diagnostics was carried out in three phases of vegetation: tube emergence ((Z42), earing (Z55), milk ripeness of grain (Z73) with the Yara N-tester and with the help of stem diagnostics according to the modified method of V. Zerling. The results of photometric diagnostics in the stemming phase (Z42) have a strong correlation with the yield of spring barley grain and with the results of stem diagnostics (R = 0.85). Wherein, the N-tester readings in the earing phase (Z55) and milk ripeness of grain (Z73) with yield R = 0.23 and R = 0.17, respectively, have a weak correlation. This is possibly due to lodging of crops and a change in yield, not as a result of poor plant nutrition, but with difficult mechanized harvesting.
25
Liu, Biao, Hongyun Lu, Qin Shu, Qihe Chen, and Jinling Wang. "The Influence of Different Pretreatment Methods of Highland Barley by Solid-State Fermentation with Agaricus sinodeliciosus var. Chaidam ZJU-TP-08 on Its Nutrient Content, Functional Properties and Physicochemical Characteristics." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8090940.
Анотація:
To enhance the nutritional value of highland barley (HB), this work investigated the effects of solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Agaricus sinodeliciosus var. Chaidam ZJU-TP-08 on nutrient content, phenolic components, antioxidant activities, and physicochemical characteristics of HB upon different pretreatments (germination, ultrasound and soaking). The results showed that germinated highland barley (GHB) exhibited higher levels of ergosterol (0.19 ± 0.01 mg/g) in all fermentation groups. The content of β-glucan was higher in the SSF-GHB, with an increase of 24.21% compared to the control. The content of total amino acids, dietary fiber, total phenols and flavonoids were higher in the fermentation HB pretreated by ultrasound, increasing respectively by 5.60%, 61.50%, 25.10% and 65.32% compared to the control group. In addition, the colonized HB exhibited excellent physicochemical characteristics, including increased water solubility index and decreased pasting characteristics. Herein, the nutritional value and the biological activities were enriched in the pretreated HB through SSF, indicating its potential application for nutrition-enriched functional foods.
26
Thondre, Pariyarath S., Ke Wang, Andrew J. Rosenthal, and Christiani J. K. Henry. "Glycaemic response to barley porridge varying in dietary fibre content." British Journal of Nutrition 107, no. 5 (July 26, 2011): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511003461.
Анотація:
The interest in barley as a food is increasing worldwide because of its high dietary fibre (DF) content and low glycaemic index (GI). DF in cereals may prove beneficial in improving blood glucose response in the long term. However, a dose-dependent effect of insoluble fibre on reducing postprandial blood glucose levels is yet to be proven. The objective of the present study was to determine the glycaemic response to two barley porridges prepared from whole barley grains varying in fibre content. In two separate non-blind randomised crossover trials, ten human subjects consumed barley porridge with 16 g/100 g and 10 g/100 g fibre content provided in different serving sizes (equivalent to 25 and 50 g available carbohydrate). The glycaemic response to both barley porridges was significantly lower than the reference glucose (P < 0·05). There was no significant difference between the glucose areas under the curve or GI for the two barley porridges. We concluded that irrespective of the difference in total fibre content or serving size of barley porridges, their GI values did not differ significantly.
27
Deng, Li-Na, Gong-Neng Feng, Yue Gao, Yu-Xiang Shen, Hong-Shan Li, Yue Gu, and Hai-Ye Luan. "Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Profiles of Different Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Cultivars at Different Developmental Stages." Agronomy 10, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010037.
Анотація:
Barley grass possesses high nutritional value and antioxidant properties. In this study, the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant enzyme activities in six cultivars of barley grass were explored at three developmental stages: tillering, jointing, and booting stages. Total chlorophyll (Chl t) and carotenoid (Car) content, chlorophyll a/b (Chl a/b) ratio, total nitrogen nutrition (TNN), and total soluble protein (TSP) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were assayed. The results indicated that the cultivar × development interaction was significant and that developmental stage was the main factor affecting the parameters studied. Cultivars had a negligible effect on these parameters, which varied with the developmental stages. In the tillering stage, Chl t and Car content, TNN, and POD activity achieved their highest value; in the jointing stage, SOD activity peaked; in the booting stage, Chl a/b ratio, TSP content, and PPO activity showed their highest values. TNN showed a negative correlation with TSP. Compared with those in the jointing, Chl t, Car, TSP, TNN content, Chl a/b ratio, and POD and PPO activities increased in the booting and the tillering stages, whereas SOD activity decreased. The differences in phytochemical constituents and antioxidant enzyme activities in barley grass were mainly correlated with the developmental stages. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the influence of developmental stages of barley grass on its phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities. Our results will help understand the mechanism of action of barley grass and provide theoretical support for the therapeutic application of barley grass.
28
Gamayunova, V. V., and T. O. Kasatkina. "Formation of spring barley grain yield and its structure depending on the variety and nutrition conditions in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine." Bulletin of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokychaiev. The series “Crop production, selection and seed production, fruit and vegetable growing” 2019, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35550/visnykagro2019.21.087.
Анотація:
Theresearch results are presented conducted during 2016-2018 on southern chernozem with two varieties of spring barley to study the impact of nutrition optimization on grain yield and elements of its structure. It is determined that the treatment of crops with growth regulating drugs in the main growing seasons provides a significant increase in grain productivity of barley, which is the highest when formed by three foliar nutrition with modern growth regulating drugs in the tillering phase and plant emergence in the tube at the beginning of earing. The grain yield of spring barley of the Stalker variety increased on average over three years, depending on the growth regulator taken for processing, in the range of 3.25 – 3.60 t / ha at its level in control, respectively, for treatment of plants with water 2.50 t / ha, and the variety Vakula – to 3.41 – 3.71 compared with 2.47 t / ha in the control. It was found that the increase in grain yield by the studied varieties of spring barley was due to the increase in ear length, and most significantly – due to more grains in the ear, the weight of grain from the ear and the weight of 1000 grains. These indicators increased and changed under the influence of power optimization. Key words: spring barley, varieties, elements of crop structure, grain yield, foliar fertilization, growth regulators.
29
Feoktistova, N. A., and D. V. Eremina. "The influence of farming system elements on the yield of barley in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals." BIO Web of Conferences 36 (2021): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213603009.
Анотація:
The results of long-term stationary studies on the influence of farming system elements on the yield of spring barley in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals are presented. In the experiment, the role of the precursor; the main tillage (plowing and surface scarification); three levels of mineral nutrition were studied. The variation of the barley harvest for 2004-2014 under the influence of weather conditions that have direct and indirect impact on the formation of the yield of cereals is shown. The yield of barley primarily depends on the level of mineral nutrition. The average yield of barley sown after peas was 3.52 t/ha, with a variation in the range of 2.40-4.24 t/ha. In the variant where the precursor was oat, the yield of barley was 3.39 t/ha with a variation from 2.11 to 4.72 t/ha. The share of the contribution of the growing season weather conditions is 49% (the precursor is peas) and 72% (the precursor is oat). The minimum yield over the years of research was 1.44 t/ha on the variant where the precursor was oat, fertilizers were not applied, and the main tillage was surface scarification. The maximum yield was 5.57 t/ha on the variant with a dose of fertilizers N54P52K52 kg/ha, which were introduced by plowing.
30
Solovyeva, Nurguyana E., and Nikalay N. Novikov. "The brewing properties formation of barley grain depending on nutrition regime and phytoregulators application when growth on sod-podzolic soil." Butlerov Communications 59, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-8-124.
Анотація:
In the field experiments with brewing barley, carried out on sod-podzolic medium-loamy soil, it has been found out, that the raising doses of nitrogen application increased grain productivity of barley plants (by 18-33%), grains protein content, α-amylases, сatalases and peroxidases activity, but decreased grain unit and β-amylases activity. In water deficit weather conditions (Hydrothermal coefficient of moisture on the G.T Selyaninov = 1-1.3) the raising doses of phosphorus and potassium (Р120, К120) increased the grain productivity of barley plants (by10-28%), the mass of 1000 grains, their germination ability and α-amylases activity, but decreased β-amylases, сatalases, peroxidases activity and grains protein content making it not more then normative level (12%). In 7-days germinated grains of barley harvested in the variants with raising doses of nitrogen it has been revealed increasing of α-amylases, proteases, catalases, peroxidases activity, but decreasing of β-amylases activity. In the variants with higher doses of phosphorus and potassium barley grains were formed, which observed on the 7th day of sprouting increased α-amylases and peroxidases activity and reduced activity of β-amylases. It has been revealed, that phytoregulators novosil and epin application enhanced grain productivity of barley plants (by 6-14%) and α-amylases activity in grains, but decreased β-amylases activity. In water deficit weather conditions novosil phytoregulator reduced grains protein content to normative level. In the variants with epin phytoregulators application barley grains were formed in which germination increased amylase and peroxidase activity, improving their ability to malting.
31
Marklinder, I., L. Johansson, Å. Haglund, B. Nagel-Held, and W. Seibel. "Effects of flour from different barley varieties on barley sour dough bread." Food Quality and Preference 7, no. 3-4 (July 1996): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3293(96)00033-x.
32
Varvikko, T., and J. E. Lindberg. "Estimation of microbial nitrogen in nylon-bag residues by feed15N dilution." British Journal of Nutrition 54, no. 2 (September 1985): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850132.
Анотація:
1. Rapeseed (Brussicu nupus), barley grain, ryegrass (Loliurnperenne) and barley straw were labelled with15N as an internal marker. The dilution of15N was used to estimate microbial N (RMN15N) in the feed residues in nylon bags incubated in the rumen for 5, 12 and 24 h. For comparative purposes, diaminopimelic acid (DAP) content of the residues was also determined and rumen microbial N (RMNDAP-N) in the feed residues calculated using DAP as a bacterial marker. The influence of two bag pore sizes (20 μm and 40 μm) with different sample sizes (1 g and 5 g respectively) was also studied.2. For all feeds, the average disappearance of15N was faster than that of total N, the difference between N and15N disappearance being marked with barley, ryegrass and barley straw. The disappearance of microbially corrected dry matter (DM; correction calculated from the15N values) was, accordingly, always faster than the uncorrected DM disappearance. Except for the bag pore/sample size effect for N disappearance, significant (P < 0.01–0.001) feed, pore/sample size and incubation-time effects were always found for the disappearance values.3. Errors (%) resulting from the microbial contamination (calculated from the15N values) in N-loss measurement with rapeseed, barley, ryegrass and barley straw, at 5, 12 and 24 h in 20 μm bags were respectively: –1.8, –3.9, –0.9; –3.8, –22.4, –3.8; –7.2, –4.1, –2.9; –164.5, –146.3, –204.6. In 40 μm bags the corresponding errors were respectively: –4.4, –1.2, –0.7; –26.1, –10.5, –3.9; –13.2, –6.4, –5.5; –221.2, –310.1, –1284.6.4. The largest residual proportions of RMN15N, RMNDAP-Nand DAP-N (% of total N) were found in barley straw, followed by barley, ryegrass and rapeseed, in that order. RMN15N(g/kg residual DM) followed the descending order: barley, ryegrass, straw, rapeseed. RMNDAP-N, (g/kg residual DM) and DAP (mg/kg residual DM) followed the descending order: barley, ryegrass, rapeseed and barley straw. Feed, pore/sample size and incubation-time effects were always significant (P < 0.001).5. With 40 μm bags RMN15Nvalues of barley, ryegrass and barley straw (expressed as % of total N or g/kg residual DM) were substantially higher than those of RMNDAP-NWith 20 μm bags the RMN15Nand RMNDAP-Nvalues were generally quite close for these feeds. With rapeseed residues, RMN15Nwas clearly lower than RMNDAP-Nwith 20 μm bags, but only small differences were found with 40 μm bags.6. A more diverse microbial colonization of feed samples was indicated in the 40 μm bags compared with the 20 μm bags. It was also noticed, consequently, that in most cases larger error resulted from the microbial contamination in 40 μm bags.
33
Neylon, Emma, Elke K. Arendt, Kieran M. Lynch, Emanuele Zannini, Paolo Bazzoli, Thomas Monin, and Aylin W. Sahin. "Rootlets, a Malting By-Product with Great Potential." Fermentation 6, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6040117.
Анотація:
Barley rootlets are the most abundant by-product from the malting industry. Due to the inherent association of the malting industry with brewing and distilling industries, it is also considered a by-product of these industries. Barley rootlets are produced during the germination step of malting. These rootlets are a valuable source of nutrition, with protein and fibre holding a large proportion of their composition. Barley rootlets are generally pelletised and used as animal fodder; however, their usage may not be limited to this. Efforts have been made to utilise barley rootlets as food ingredients, sources of enzymes, antioxidants, raw materials in fermentations, and in biochar production. Conversion of this by-product into other/new applications would reduce waste production from their industry origin and reduce some of the impending environmental concerns associated with by-product production. The current review focuses on providing information on the formation, production, and processing of barley rootlets, while also highlighting the composition, quality, and potential applications of barley rootlets.
34
Shivay, Y. S., J. H. Chen, and S. R. Ding. "Genotypic variation for potassium accumulation and utilization efficiency in barley under rainfed potassium stress conditions." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 51, no. 3 (November 1, 2003): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.51.2003.3.4.
Анотація:
A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of K nutrition and genotypic variation on the dry matter (DM) accumulation, and the K concentration, accumulation, uptake and utilization efficiency in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Successive increases in potassium nutrition had a significant effect on the dry matter and K accumulation either in the total or in various plant parts of barley at the tillering, stem elongation, heading and maturity growth stages. K nutrition also led to significantly higher grain yield with each unit K application than without K application. The yield increase due to K application was mainly due to the improvement in spike development from tillers. Dry matter and K accumulation in various plant parts varied significantly between genotypes at the main growth stages. Among the various plant parts, the stem contained the highest K concentration, had the highest K accumulation at maturity and changed considerably with the K level, while other plant parts remained relatively unchanged. Among the eleven genotypes, genotype 98-6 had the highest grain yield and the K use efficiency of this genotype was 10.4 kg grain per kg K applied. It could thus be used as a breeding line to breed barley varieties for higher productivity under rainfed conditions with low available soil potassium.
35
Michalovicz, Leandro, Marcelo Marques Lopes Müller, José Salvador Simoneti Foloni, Jackson Kawakami, Ronaldo do Nascimento, and Luiz Fernando Machado Kramer. "Soil fertility, nutrition and yield of maize and barley with gypsum application on soil surface in no-till." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 5 (October 2014): 1496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000500015.
Анотація:
Annual crop yield and nutrition have shown differentiated responses to modifications in soil chemical properties brought about by gypsum application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gypsum application rates on the chemical properties of a Latossolo Bruno (Clayey Oxisol), as well as on the nutrition and yield of a maize-barley succession under no-till. The experiment was set up in November 2009 in Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil, applying gypsum rates of 0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 Mg ha-1 to the soil surface upon sowing maize, with crop succession of barley. Gypsum application decreased the levels of Al3+ and Mg2+ in the 0.0-0.1 m layer and increased soil pH in the layers from 0.2-0.6 m depth. Gypsum application has increased the levels of Ca2+ in all soil layers up to 0.6 m, and the levels of S-SO4(2-) up to 0.8 m. In both crops, the leaf concentrations of Ca and S were increased while Mg concentrations have decreased as a function of gypsum rates. There was also an effect of gypsum rates on grain yield, with a quadratic response of maize and a linear increase for barley. Yield increases were up to 11 and 12 % in relation to control for the maximum technical efficiency (MTE) rates of 3.8 and 6.0 Mg ha-1 of gypsum, respectively. Gypsum application improved soil fertility in the profile, especially in the subsurface, as well as plant nutrition, increasing the yields of maize and barley.
36
Gamayunova, V. V., T. О. Kasatkina, and T. V. Baklanova. "Agroeconomic Assessment of Utilization Biologics in the Cultivation of Spring Barley in the Conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine." Agrology 4, no. 1 (2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32819/021008.
Анотація:
The results of research conducted in 2016‒2018 on the southern chernozem andthe effect of two varieties of spring barley extra-root feed on the formation of grain productivityare given. Based on the results obtained, indicators of agroeconomic efficiency and their changewere determined under the influence of this event (as one of the most important elements of technology)in growing the crop, including in terms of varieties. Despite the increase in productioncosts, the treatment of plant seeding with biologics contributed to a certain increase in notional netprofit, which increased with the number of feeds, reaching the highest values if used to optimizethe nutrition of Fresh florid (300 g/ha). One feeding of Stalker variety is determined at the levelof 5927, two feeding ‒ 6890, three ‒ 7320 UAH, and 3857 UAH/ha ‒ in control. The mentionedindicators were 5968, 6808, 7771 and 3980 UAH/ha, respectively, when the spring barley varietyVakula was grown. One of the most important indicators of economic efficiency decreased‒ the cost of growing a unit of production with an increase in the number of extracurricular feeding.The lowest indicator was the cost price of production of top – dressing with Fresh florid(300 g/ha ‒ according to the Stalker variety): with one extracorporeal sowing ‒ 2269.4; two treatments‒ 2173.5, and three ‒ 2166.7 UAH/t; in control, this indicator was 2638.5 UAH/t. Thesevalues were, respectively, 2262.3; 2185,8; 2105.4 and 2608.0 UAH/t when the barley spring varietyVakula was growing. The use of other biological preparations led to a certain increase in thecost of growing spring barley. The highest values were recorded when using Organic D-2 M withonly one feeding in the plant phase. In this version of the experiment the cost of growing a unitof production even slightly exceeded control, when Vakula variety was grown. The cultivation ofspring barley on the basis of resource saving using modern re-regulating substances and biologicalpreparations is advisable, because it increases not only the level of grain yield, but also themain indicators of agro-economic efficiency - net profit and profitability, and unit cost, on thecontrary, decreases. It was established that by optimizing the nutrition of spring barley on thebasis of resource saving by treating crops in the main growing seasons with biological products,along with increasing grain yield and changes in its quality, other indicators of agro-economicefficiency of crop production increase. The level of profitability in control (treatment of plantswith water) for the cultivation of barley of the spring variety Stalker was 59.2%, then in themost optimal food options it reached 93.8%, and for the Vakula variety they were determined61.0 and 99.5% respectively. The obtained agroeconomic indicators in the cultivation of springbarley made it possible to substantiate the following claims: the use of biologics to treat thesowing of spring barley plants during the main periods of vegetation increases the yield and costof grown grain. It was determined that the level of profitability of growing spring barley witha large number of feeds grew. The indicator reached its maximum value with three times theplanting of barley plants of the spring variety Vakula with Fresh florid, that is, 300 g/ha (99.5%).Two plant crops with this drug provided profitability at the level of 99.1%, and one ‒ 85.6, (incontrol ‒ 61.0%). The highest profitability of cultivation was ensured by the use of Fresh florid(300 g/ha) for optimizing nutrition three times for vegetation ‒in the phases of tillering, shootingand heading. The lowest level of profitability was ensured by the use of the preparation OrganicD-2 M for feeding barley of the spring variety Vakula: one treatment of plants ‒ at the level of60.6%, two ‒ 72.5, three treatments ‒ 78.2%. According to the results of research conductedwith two varieties of spring barley, the best biological product and terms of fertilization weredetermined in order to increase grain yield and improve its quality and agro-economic efficiencybased on the calculation of cost economic indicators. The expediency of nutrition optimizationby using modern biological products for spring barley cultivation has been confirmed.
37
JANZEN, H. H., and C. CHANG. "CATION NUTRITION OF BARLEY AS INFLUENCED BY SOIL SOLUTION COMPOSITION IN A SALINE SOIL." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 67, no. 3 (August 1, 1987): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss87-058.
Анотація:
Identification of nutritional disorders in crops growing on saline soils may facilitate the development of breeding or agronomic practices that improve yields in saline areas. An investigation was conducted under controlled environment conditions to identify possible cation deficiencies in barley (Hordeum vulgare 'Gait') grown under sulfate-dominated salinity stress. Soil was artificially salinized to produce a factorial of five salinity levels (ranging from approximately 6.5 to 17.5 dS m−1) and five salt types containing various ratios of Na:Mg:Ca. A control treatment (3.1 dS m−1) was also included. Barley was grown for 75 d and harvested for analysis of dry matter yield and tissue composition. Yield response of barley to salinity stress was not differentially affected by the type of salt used in salinization. Concentrations of sodium and magnesium in the plant tissue were generally increased by salinity stress, but these accumulations did not restrict yield since no consistent relationship was found between the concentrations of these cations and barley yield. Potassium concentration in the plants was inversely related to level of soil salinity, apparently because of an antagonistic effect of sodium, but was not consistently related to barley dry matter yield. Calcium uptake was also suppressed by soil salinity. In contrast to the results observed for other cations, a very strong relationship indicative of a yield response curve was observed between yield and calcium concentration in the plant tissue, particularly when the latter was expressed as a ratio of total cation concentration (R2 = 0.94). Furthermore, calcium concentration in the plant tissue and estimated calcium activity in the soil solution in highly salinized treatments were well below those considered adequate. These results suggest that calcium deficiency may have played an important role in restricting yield under salinity stress. The apparent calcium deficiency induced by salinity stress was attributed to reduced activity of calcium in the soil solution because of precipitation with sulfate and high ionic strength. Key words: Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, salinity
38
Duijff, B. J., W. J. De Kogel, P. A. H. M. Bakker, and B. Schippers. "Influence of pseudobactin 358 on the iron nutrition of barley." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26, no. 12 (December 1994): 1681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90321-2.
39
Dhingra, Shfali, and Sudesh Jood. "Physico-Chemical and Nutritional Properties of Cereal-Pulse Blends for Bread Making." Nutrition and Health 16, no. 3 (July 2002): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010600201600304.
Анотація:
Supplementation of soy (full fat and defatted) and barley flours to wheat flour at 51 10, 15 and 20% levels were carried out to see their effect on physico-chemical and nutritional properties of blends for bread making. The gluten content and sedimentation value of flour blends decreased and water absorption capacity increased with increase in the level of soybean and barley flour separately and in combinations to bread flour. All the blends at 20% levels were found nutritionally superior but breads prepared from them found organoleptically unacceptable. However, addition of 15% barley flour, 10% full fat soy flour, 10% defatted soy flour, 15% full fat soy flour + barley flour and 15% defatted soy flour + barley flour to wheat flour not only increased the total protein, glutelin (protein fraction), total lysine, dietary fibre and β-glucan contents of cereal-pulse blends for bread making, but could also produce a product of acceptable quality.
40
Odle, J., and D. M. Schaefer. "Influence of rumen ammonia concentration on the rumen degradation rates of barley and maize." British Journal of Nutrition 57, no. 1 (January 1987): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19870016.
Анотація:
1. Four rumen-cannulated steers were given barley and maize diets supplemented with graded levels of an ammonium acetate solution.2. Animals were fed hourly from automatic feeders and water consumption was controlled to achieve steady-state conditions in the rumen.3. Dacron bags containing rolled barley or ground barley were incubated in the rumen of barley-fed steers, while ground maize and autoclaved maize were incubated in the rumen of maize-fed steers.4. Fractional degradation rates of dry matter were estimated for each cereal substrate incubated using a single-pool exponential decay model.5. No differences in degradation rate due to the method of feed processing were detected; however, barley was degraded at a faster rate than maize. Furthermore, the minimum rumen ammonia-nitrogen concentration required to maximize the degradation rate of barley (125 mg/l) was greater than that required to maximize the degradation rate of maize (61 mg/l).6. These results indicate that the optimal NH3-N concentration required to maximize the rate of grain digestion in the rumen is influenced by the chemical or structural characteristics of the grain.
41
Mohd Jamil, Nor Azreen, Jameel Al-Obaidi, Norihan Mohd Saleh, and Nuzul Noorahya Jambari. "Comparative nutritional and toxicity analyses of beverages from date seed and barley powders as caffeine-free coffee alternatives." International Food Research Journal 29, no. 4 (August 19, 2022): 786–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.29.4.06.
Анотація:
Coffee is one of the most preferred beverages due to its flavour and aroma, which is partially contributed by the presence of caffeine. However, there are many negative effects of caffeine on human health. Alternative products like date seed and barley beverage have become an interest to switch from caffeine to caffeine-free beverages. The present work thus aimed to evaluate the nutritional properties and toxicity of date seed and barley powders as compared to Arabica coffee powder. Samples were analysed for its caffeine content, antioxidant activity, and toxicity activity from boiled water extract, whereas the nutrition compositions and heavy metal contents were analysed based on respective extraction method performed. A mass spectral peak of caffeine was detected in the Arabica coffee but not in the date seed and barley powders. All three samples were shown to possess antioxidant activities with Arabica coffee yielding the highest. Arabica coffee, however, exhibited a moderate level of toxicity to human lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cell line with IC50 of 230 ± 40 µg/mL at the extract concentration. There was no inhibition on 50% MRC-5 cell viability showed by the date seed and barley powders up to 10 mg/mL extract concentration. The abundance of heavy metals detected in all samples was lower than the regulatory limits. Our findings therefore further supported the advantages of date seed and barley powders as alternatives to coffee beverage as both contained undetected amount of caffeine, low fat and high carbohydrate contents, and possessed good antioxidant activity with low potential health risks.
42
Gill, Kabal S., and Akim T. Omokanye. "Potential of Spring Barley, Oat and Triticale Intercrops with Field Peas for Forage Production, Nutrition Quality and Beef Cattle Diet." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n4p1.
Анотація:
Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) monocrops and their intercrops with two forage varieties (40-10 and Tucker) and one seed variety (Cooper) peas (Pisum sativum L.) were evaluated for forage production, nutrition quality and suitability in the beef cattle diet. Pea + cereal intercrops were compared to respective cereal monocrops in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Plant height of cereals tended to be reduced in intercrops compared to respective monocrops. Taller 40-10 forage type pea tended to cause lodging in 2009 and 2011, not observed with other pea varieties. Fresh forage of pea + cereal intercrops had higher moisture than respective cereal monocrops. Fourteen of the 18 intercrops had less dry matter yield (DMY) than respective cereal monocrops. Shorter Tucker pea had less negative impact on DMY than taller 40-10 pea. Treatments with barley had lower DMY than respective oat and triticale systems. Intercrops improved forage crude protein (CP) content over the respective monocrops, which was enough to overcome the DMY penalty and produce more CP yield than their monocrops. The forage Ca and Mg contents were improved by intercrops over their monocrops, and they were greater with 40-10 pea than other pea varieties and with barley than oat or triticale. The forage P content also tended to be higher in intercrops than corresponding monocrops, without a consistent effect of cereal type or pea variety. The forage K and S contents were not consistently influenced by the cereal types, pea varieties or intercrops. Forage Na content was greater from oat than respective barley and triticale treatments. The monocrops and intercrops had similar forage Cu content, and treatments with barley had more Cu than with oat or triticale. Forage Zn content tended to be intercrops > monocrops; and barley > triticale > oat. Treatments had no influence on the forage Fe and Mn contents. Levels of acid (ADF) and neutral (NDF) detergent fibres in the forage were similar for the corresponding intercrops and monocrops, and greater for oat than barley or triticale treatments. Some of the intercrops improved total digestible nutrients (TDN) content in forage over their monocrops. Monocrop of oat had less TDN than barley or triticale. Drought reduced the ADF, NDF and TDN contents. The forage NEL, NEM and NEG as well as RFV and NFC showed similar trend as the TDN. Overall, the tested pea + cereal intercrops did not increase DMY over the respective monocrops, but they indicated several nutritional quality benefits. These improvements present opportunities to substitute some grain or supplements in the beef cattle diet with better quality forage by intercrops.
43
Huang, J., and R. E. Redmann. "Salt tolerance of Hordeum and Brassica species during germination and early seedling growth." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-137.
Анотація:
Germination response and early seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Franklin', 'Harrington' and 'Abee'), wild barley (H. jubatum L.), canola (Brassica napus L. 'Excel') and wild mustard (B. kaber L. C. Wheeler) were investigated in iso-osmotic solutions of salts (NaCl, Na2SO4 + MgSO4) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with osmotic potentials close to −0.9 MPa. Germination of Harrington and wild barley was reduced most by the non-penetrating solute PEG, suggesting that ion penetration might have reduced osmotic stress in the salt treatments. Wild barley was more salt tolerant than Harrington based on seedling growth relative to control plants. Of the three barley cultivars, Franklin was similar in salt tolerance to Harrington, while Abee was the most sensitive to all osmotica tested. Barley varieties had the lowest germination rate and poorest seedling growth in the PEG treatment. Compared with canola, wild mustard showed consistently greater tolerance to all osmotica during germination and early seedling growth. Germination of the Brassica species was more sensitive to NaCl than to mixed sulphate salts. Additional calcium enhanced germination and improved seedling growth in Brassica species, especially in the PEG and NaCl treatments. Key words: Barley; calcium nutrition; canola; chloride salinity; sulphate salinity
44
Ausma, Ties, and Luit J. De Kok. "Regulation of Sulfate Uptake and Assimilation in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) as Affected by Rhizospheric and Atmospheric Sulfur Nutrition." Plants 9, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101283.
Анотація:
To study the regulation of sulfate metabolism in barley (Hordeum vulgare), seedlings were exposed to atmospheric hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the presence and absence of a sulfate supply. Sulfate deprivation reduced shoot and root biomass production by 60% and 70%, respectively, and it affected the plant’s mineral nutrient composition. It resulted in a 5.7- and 2.9-fold increased shoot and root molybdenum content, respectively, and a decreased content of several other mineral nutrients. Particularly, it decreased shoot and root total sulfur contents by 60% and 70%, respectively. These decreases could be ascribed to decreased sulfate contents. Sulfate deficiency was additionally characterized by significantly lowered cysteine, glutathione and soluble protein levels, enhanced dry matter, nitrate and free amino acid contents, an increased APS reductase (APR) activity and an increased expression and activity of the root sulfate uptake transporters. When sulfate-deprived barley was exposed to 0.6 µL L−1 atmospheric H2S, the decrease in biomass production and the development of other sulfur deficiency symptoms were alleviated. Clearly, barley could use H2S, absorbed by the foliage, as a sulfur source for growth. H2S fumigation of both sulfate-deprived and sulfate-sufficient plants downregulated APR activity as well as the expression and activity of the sulfate uptake transporters. Evidently, barley switched from rhizospheric sulfate to atmospheric H2S as sulfur source. Though this indicates that sulfate utilization in barley is controlled by signals originating in the shoot, the signal transduction pathway involved in the shoot-to-root regulation must be further elucidated.
45
Митрофанов, Eduard Mitrofanov, Коршунов, Aleksandr Korshunov, Владимиров, Vladimir Vladimirov, Гафуров, and Rafail Gafurov. "FORMATION OF BARLEY HARVEST DEPENDING ON THE NUTRITION BACKGROUND AND THE USE OF HERBICIDES." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 10, no. 4 (December 25, 2015): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17620.
Анотація:
The effectiveness of herbicides in spring barley crops on different nutrition backgrounds was studied in field experiments on dark gray forest soil of medium loamy particle size distribution in the conditions of Volga-Vyatka region. It is revealed that on both backgrounds of fertilizer application the barley formed a maximum yield, when applying the herbicide Bomba. When using this herbicide in making mineral fertilizers N54P54K54 the productivity was 2.71 tons per hectare and a dose N70P70K70 – it was 2.83 tons per hectare. On average for three years, the maximum (11.35%) protein content was appeared in the preparation by Sekator turbo herbicide on the background of fertilizer application of N70P70K70.
46
Masliiov, Sergey, and Natalia Korzhova. "Photosynthetic Potential Of Spring Barley Plants In The Steppe Zone." Scientific Horizons 24, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor.24(2).2021.62-68.
Анотація:
Today, an increase in the real potential of grain crops, including spring barley, is a necessary condition for elements of crop cultivation technologies. Therefore, given the limited resource potential of spring barley crops, their fastidiousness to the soil, considerable attention should be paid to the photosynthetic potential of plants and the standardised application of mineral fertilisers. The aim of the study was to improve the elements of the technology of growing promising varieties of spring barley by establishing the mineral nutrition effect on the photosynthetic activity of plants in the conditions of the Luhanska Oblast. This study provides examples of improving some technologies for growing promising varieties of spring barley and determines the optimal norms for applying mineral nutrition to ensure the high photosynthetic potential of these plants in the climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. It was found that the use of ammonium nitrate had a positive effect on the leaf area, increasing it by 1-2.2 thousand m2 /ha compared to the control for all varieties studied. The combined use of diammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate contributed to an increase in the leaf area by 2-4. 4 thousand m2 /ha compared to the control variant. Simultaneous application of ActiBION increased the total leaf area for all samples studied by 3.8-6.4 thousand m2 /ha. The best indicators among the studied varieties were observed on the six-row variety Helios and the double-row variety Stalker. The six-row variety Vakula and the two-row variety Adapt showed slightly lower results. Further research implies the study of the influence of photosynthetic activity of promising varieties of spring barley on crop productivity in the steppe zone of Ukraine. The findings can be recommended for production as one of the elements in the technology of growing spring barley in the climatic conditions of the Luhanska Oblast
47
Chappie, D. G., M. H. Davies, and A. P. Wade. "The effects of rearing nutrition on reproductive performance in red deer hinds." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600027574.
Анотація:
Female deer have a long productive life but there is little information available on what effect pattern of growth from weaning to puberty have on subsequent reproductive performance. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of a high level of nutrition for hind calves during their first winter on their potential life time productivity.Sixty red deer hind calves born in May/June 1991 were weaned in mid September and on 3 October 1991 the hind calves were weighed and randomised into two treatments:1. Ad lib silage plus appropriate level of compound supplement, from 4-10 months of age, to achieve moderate growth rate, and a bodyweight of 75-80kg by 16 months of age (M).2. Ad lib all-compound ration, from 4-10 months of age, to achieve high growth rates (H).The hinds were housed in pens measuring 4m x 5m in a randomised block design with three pen replicates of 10 calves per treatment. Precision chopped high quality silage (ME=10.6) was fed ad libitum in swing-over troughs to treatment M. A supplementary compound ration of 125g whole barley and 75g soya bean meal per hind was fed until 23 December and subsequently increased to 32Sg barley and 75g soya bean meal per hind. The all-compound ration to treatment H consisted of 80% whole barley and 20% soya bean meal (ME=13.3) and was fed twice daily.
48
Donangelo, Carmen M., and B. O. Eggum. "Comparative effects of wheat bran and barley husk on nutrient utilization in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 54, no. 3 (November 1985): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850160.
Анотація:
I. The present work with growing rats was undertaken to compare the effect of wheat bran and barley husk on nutrient bioavailability. The experiment involved a total of nine dietary treatments consisting of a control group, without wheat bran or barley husk, and two series of four groups with increasing amounts of fibre from 50 to 117 g/kg dry matter (DM) from the two fibre sources. Dietary nitrogen concentration was kept constant at 15 gN/kg DM by adjusting the diets with an N-free mixture. Protein sources were casein, fortified with methionine and white wheat flour. True protein digestibility (TD), biological value (BV), net protein utilization (NPU) and digestible energy (DE) were estimated.2. TD decreased when total dietary fibre (TDF) increased, the effect being greater in the case of wheat bran. The difference in response can be explained by the larger N contribution from bran than from barley husk. N from barley husk was actually digested less than N from wheat bran.3. Changes in TD due to fibre were small, both for wheat and barley husk. It was concluded that decreased TD with fibre at moderate levels was due to poor digestibility of the N associated with the fibre source rather than decreased digestibility of N from other dietary components.4. BV was only marginally affected by the fibre levels, indicating that the relatively high lysine content in both wheat bran and barley husk had a low availability.5. Wheat bran and barley husk showed almost the same negative effect on DE and DM digestibility (DMD). DMD correlated significantly with DE, demonstrating that DMD is a simple and convenient means of monitoring DE.
49
Stupar, Vladanka, Aleksandar Paunovic, Milomirka Madic, and Desimir Knezevic. "Influence of genotype and nitrogen nutrition on grain size variability in spring malting barley." Genetika 49, no. 3 (2017): 1095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1703095s.
Анотація:
Grain size is an important quality parameter of malting barley, which depends on genotypes, environmental factors and their interactions. Also, grain size is governed by the efficiency of assimilation and translocation of mineral nutrients (mainly nitrogen) during grain endosperm development, which affects grain yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability in the percentage of three different grain size classes: class I (thickness ?2.5 mm), class II (2.2-2.5 mm) and class III (<2.2 mm) in spring malting barley genotypes ('Novosadski 448', 'Novosadski 456', 'Dunavac' and 'Jadran'). The experiment was conducted during three years (2012-2014) in a randomized complete block design with three replications at different rates of nitrogen fertilization (N1=45, N2=75, N3=105 and N4=135 kg ha-1). The presence of different grain sizes in barley cultivars in all N fertilization treatments after harvest was investigated. The proportion of the three grain classes was dependent upon year, cultivar and nitrogen fertilization rate. The highest percentage of class I grains was recorded in 'Novosadski 456', and that of class II and class III grains in 'Dunavac'. The percentage of class I grains increased significantly with increasing nitrogen rates up to 75 kg ha-1, stagnated at 105 kg ha-1, and decreased significantly as the nitrogen level was further increased to 135 kg ha-1. Class II and class III grain contents decreased at nitrogen rates up to 105 kg ha-1, but increased significantly at 135 kg ha-1. The best response to favorable environmental conditions and the highest percentage of class I grain in all years were recorded in ?Novosadski 456?. The most favorable effect on grain size in the studied spring malting barley genotypes was exhibited by the nitrogen rate of 75 kg ha-1.
50
MAHDI, GHANIM S. "Barley as High-Chromium Food." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 95, no. 7 (July 1995): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(95)00206-5.