Готові списки джерел за темами / Barley net blotch

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Barley net blotch"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Barley net blotch"

Nakova, Mariana. "BARLEY NET BLOTCH." Agricultural sciences 1, no. 2 (2009): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2009.02.007.

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Sheridan, J. E. "Net blotch of barley." Proceedings of the New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference 44 (January 8, 1991): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.1991.44.10848.

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Robinson, Jonathan, and Marja Jalli. "Grain yield, net blotch and scald of barley in Finnish official variety trials." Agricultural and Food Science 6, no. 5-6 (December 1, 1997): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72803.

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Data on grain yield, and terminal severity of net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f. teres) and scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) from Finnish official barley (Hordeum vulgare) variety trials were analysed to indicate the pattern of disease incidence over six years and five sites for nineteen barley genotypes, and the effect of the diseases on yield and the genotype by environment interaction for yield. The effect of climatic factors on net blotch severity were also investigated. The genotype by site interaction for net blotch severity was not statistically significant, but that for yield was. Net blotch severity differed between years, but was similar across sites and there were statistically significant first order interactions between year, site and genotype. ‘Saana’ and ‘Thule’ had relatively low mean terminal net blotch scores and their reaction to the disease was less sensitive to the environment than was that of ‘Tyra’ for example. Analysis of yield data adjusted for net blotch severity indicated that the magnitude of the genotype by environment interaction terms were not accounted for to any significant degree by differences in relative net blotch resistances among the barley genotypes. Overall, mean scores for scald severity were lower than those for net blotch. Terminal net blotch severity was correlated with May rainfall and growing degree days.

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Legge, W. G., D. R. Metcalfe, A. W. Chiko, J. W. Martens, and A. Tekauz. "Reaction of Turkish barley accessions to Canadian barley pathogens." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-155.

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Recent changes in the virulence patterns of Canadian barley pathogens have necessitated the search for new sources of genetic resistance in barley. Evaluation of 176 Turkish barley accessions for disease reaction to barley pathogens prevalent in Canada indicated that this germplasm is a good source of resistance to Septoria passerinii, Rhynchosporium secalis and the spot-form of Pyrenophora teres, but not to Cochliobolus sativus (spot blotch phase), Puccinia graminis tritici, Ustilago nuda or barley stripe mosaic virus. A small number of accessions with resistance to the net-form of P. teres were identified. Key words:Hordeum vulgare, barley, disease resistance, net blotch, scald, speckled leaf blotch

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Wong, Darren CJ, Ismail A. Ismail, Dale Godfrey, and Amanda J. Abe. "Death by toxin net blotch disease of barley." Microbiology Australia 33, no. 1 (2012): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma12034.

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Barley net blotch is a destructive disease which results in loss of yield (as high as 40%) and quality in barley grain, the world?s fourth largest crop. In Australia, the economic losses caused by net blotch disease have been predicted to be greater than $62 million per year.

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Choo, Thin Meiw, Allen G. Xue, and Richard A. Martin. "AAC Vitality barley." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 96, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2015-0218.

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AAC Vitality is a six-row spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. AAC Vitality had high grain yield, good resistance to lodging, and good resistance to straw break. It was late in heading and maturity. Its seed color was bright. AAC Vitality was moderately resistant to net blotch and spot blotch. AAC Vitality performs well in Ontario.

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Raman, H., G. J. Platz, K. J. Chalmers, R. Raman, B. J. Read, A. R. Barr, and D. B. Moody. "Mapping of genomic regions associated with net form of netblotch resistance in barley." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 12 (2003): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03026.

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Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance to net blotch and their chromosomal locations were determined from analyses of doubled haploid progeny of Alexis/Sloop, Arapiles/Franklin, Sloop/Halcyon, and recombinant inbred lines of Sloop-sib/Alexis. Five QTLs on chromosomes 2H, 3H, and 4H were found to be associated with seedling resistance to the net form of net blotch. In Arapiles/Franklin and Alexis/Sloop populations, 4 significant QTLs explaining 9–17% of the variation in net blotch resistance were detected on 2H and 3H. A major locus, QRpts4L accounting for 64% of the variation in infection type, was detected on 4H in the Sloop/Halcyon population. In Sloop/Halcyon, 2 microsatellite markers, EBmac0906 and GMS089, and AFLP marker P13/M50-108, co-segregated and detected maximum variability for net blotch resistance as revealed by bootstrap analysis. EBmac0906 and Bmac0181 were validated in F2 progeny of an Ant29/Halcyon population and reliably predicted phenotypes of 93% of lines resistant and susceptible to net blotch. These markers may be used within breeding programs to select alleles favourable for net blotch resistance derived from Halcyon.

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Jalli, Marja, Janne Kaseva, Björn Andersson, Andrea Ficke, Lise Nistrup-Jørgensen, Antanas Ronis, Timo Kaukoranta, Jens-Erik Ørum, and Annika Djurle. "Yield increases due to fungicide control of leaf blotch diseases in wheat and barley as a basis for IPM decision-making in the Nordic-Baltic region." European Journal of Plant Pathology 158, no. 2 (July 28, 2020): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02075-w.

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Abstract Fungal plant diseases driven by weather factors are common in European wheat and barley crops. Among these, septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici), tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), and stagonospora nodorum blotch (Parastagonospora nodorum) are common in the Nordic-Baltic region at variable incidence and severity both in spring and winter wheat fields. In spring barley, net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), scald (Rhynchosporium graminicola, syn. Rhynchosporium commune) and ramularia leaf spot (Ramularia collo-cygni) are common yield limiting foliar diseases. We analysed data from 449 field trials from 2007 to 2017 in wheat and barley crops in the Nordic-Baltic region and explored the differences in severity of leaf blotch diseases between countries and years, and the impact of the diseases on yield. In the experiments, septoria tritici blotch dominated in winter wheat in Denmark and southern Sweden; while in Lithuania, both septoria tritici blotch and tan spot were common. In spring wheat, stagonospora nodorum blotch dominated in Norway and tan spot in Finland. Net blotch and ramularia leaf blotch were the most severe barley diseases over large areas, while scald occurred more locally and had less yield impact in all countries. Leaf blotch diseases, with severity >50% at DC 73–77, caused an average yield loss of 1072 kg/ha in winter wheat and 1114 kg/ha in spring barley across all countries over 5 years. These data verify a large regional and yearly variation in disease severity, distribution and impact on yield, emphasizing the need to adapt fungicide applications to the actual need based on locally adapted risk assessment systems.

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St. Pierre, S., C. Gustus, B. Steffenson, R. Dill-Macky, and K. P. Smith. "Mapping Net Form Net Blotch and Septoria Speckled Leaf Blotch Resistance Loci in Barley." Phytopathology® 100, no. 1 (January 2010): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-100-1-0080.

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Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB), caused by Septoria passerinii Sacc., and net form net blotch (NB), caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres Drechsler, are fungal diseases that decrease the yields of barley in the Upper Midwest. An effective way to manage these diseases is to plant resistant cultivars. To characterize the genetics of resistance to both pathogens, two advanced barley breeding lines, one resistant to NB (M120) and another resistant to SSLB (Sep2-72), were crossed, creating a population of 115 recombinant inbred lines. The two parents and the population were evaluated in three greenhouse seedling assays for each pathogen and for simple-sequence repeat and diversity arrays technology markers. Composite interval mapping revealed two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with NB on chromosome 6H, located in bins 2 and 6. The QTL located in bin 6 explained 19 to 48% of the phenotypic variation and the QTL located in bin 2 explained 25 to 44% of the phenotypic variation. A new locus for resistance to SSLB, Rsp4, was identified on chromosome 6H, located in bins 3 to 4. Mapping these genes in elite breeding germplasm will accelerate the development and utilization of marker-assisted selection to enhance resistance to these diseases.

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Cherif, M., S. Rezgui, P. Devaux, and M. Harrabi. "Genetic analysis of net blotch resistance in a two-row × six-row cross of barley, using doubled-haploid lines." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps06050.

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The effect of spike type on net blotch resistance is not fully understood in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A doubled-haploid barley population derived from a cross between a susceptible two-row (Roho) and a resistant six-row (line 90) genotypes was used to study the genetics of net blotch resistance and to determine the effect of spike type on net blotch resistance at the adult plant growth stage across three environments. Net blotch rating was evaluated using a mass disease index, area under the disease progress curve and the apparent infection rate. Partial resistance to Pyrenophora teres was observed in many DH lines and in the parental line 90 in the three environments. This result indicated that selecting for partial resistance is feasible under severe net blotch conditions where differential responses among DH lines were noted as in Mograne in 2003–2004. The normality test and/or the means comparison method suggested that additive × additive epistasis effects influenced the expression of all disease parameters in the three environments. Both the coefficient of skewness and the number of transgressive lines indicate the presence of a complementary gene interaction for most disease parameters. Results showed that two-row lines were particularly associated with net blotch resistance in Mograne 2002–2003 and in Tunis greenhouse 2004. A strategy for improving the level of quantitative resistance to P. teres in later generations is recommended. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, doubled-haploid population, quantitative resistance, Pyrenophora teres, net blotch, genetic analysis

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Дисертації з теми "Barley net blotch"

Jonsson, Rickard. "Breeding for resistance to barley net blotch (Pyrenophora teres) /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5814-5.pdf.

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Koladia, Vaidehi Mohit. "Genetics of the Host-Pathogen Interaction in the Barley-Net Form Net Blotch System." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28653.

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Pyrenophora teres f. teres is a fungal pathogen that causes barley net form net blotch. To evaluate the genetics of resistance in barley, a RIL population was developed using resistant barley lines CI5791 and Tifang and tested against a global collection of nine P. teres f. teres isolates. QTL analysis indicated that CI5791 resistance mapped to chromosome 6H and was effective against all isolates. Additionally, CI5791 harbored resistance on chromosome 3H effective against two Japanese isolates. Tifang also had resistance that mapped to 3H and was effective against four of the isolates. To evaluate the genetics of virulence in P. teres f. teres, a fungal population was developed and evaluated against ten barley lines. 19 unique QTL were identified on 12 different linkage groups. 1 or 2 major loci were identified for a few of the barley lines whereas for most lines, virulence was contributed by several loci.

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Statkevičiūtė, Gražina. "Pyrenophora teres population structure and spring barley resistance to net blotch." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20120507_172109-18578.

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The occurrence of spot type net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f. maculata) and net type net blotch (P. teres f. teres) as well as the occurrence of net blotch mating types has been investigated in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Genetic diversity of barley net blotch isolates from various locations in Lithuania was investigated using ISSR and AFLP markers. The net blotch resistance of 150 spring barley varieties was investigated under artificial and natural infection conditions in the field.
Panaudojant molekulinius žymeklius ištirta tinkliškosios dryžligės patogeno Pyrenophora teres populiacijos genetinė įvairovė, nustatyti P. teres formų ir lytinio dauginimosi tipų sutinkamumas Lietuvoje, Latvijoje ir Estijoje. Lietuvos sąlygomis įvertintas Vakarų Europos ekotipo 150 vasarinių miežių veislių ir linijų jaurumas tinkliškajai dryžligei esant skirtingai pradinei infekcijai.

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O'Boyle, Patrick Daniel. "Genetic Characterization and Linkage Mapping of Barley Net Blotch Resistance Genes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27904.

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Net blotch is one of the most devastating diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and occurs in two distinct forms, net-type net blotch (NTNB) and spot-type net blotch (STNB), caused by the fungal pathogens Pyrenophora teres f. sp. teres Smedeg. and P. teres f. sp. maculata Smedeg., respectively. Several sources of resistance have been previously reported, however, few barley cultivars with high levels of resistance have been developed from these sources. Efficient utilization of available resistance sources is dependent upon successful characterization of genes governing resistance in each resistant parent. Five net blotch resistant parents and one susceptible parent were crossed to identify novel resistance genes, postulate gene number and mode of inheritance, and conduct linkage mapping of novel genes for net blotch resistance. Results indicate that the highly resistant spring barley lines CIho 2291 and CIho 5098, and the winter barley cultivar Nomini each have single dominant genes for NTNB resistance. Resistance to NTNB in CIho 5098 is controlled by the same dominant gene conferring resistance in Nomini. Resistance to NTNB in CIho 2291 is controlled by one dominant gene which putatively is the same gene conferring resistance in ND B112, but differs from the resistance genes carried by the other parents in this study. An F2 population of 238 individuals derived from a cross between Nomini and the susceptible parent â Hectorâ , and an F2 population of 193 individuals derived from a cross between CIho 2291 and Hector were used to map the genes governing NTNB resistance in Nomini and CIho 2291. The dominant gene governing resistance in Nomini, temporarily designated Rpt-Nomini, was mapped to a 9.2 cM region near the centromere of barley chromosome 6H between the flanking microsatellite markers Bmag0344a (r2=0.70) and Bmag0103a (r2=0.90), which were 6.8 cM and 2.4 cM away from Rpt-Nomini, respectively. The dominant gene governing resistance in CIho 2291, temporarily designated Rpt-CIho2291, was mapped to the distal region of barley chromosome 6H between the flanking microsatellite markers Bmag0173 (r2=0.65) and Bmag0500 (r2=0.26), which were 9.9 cM and 24.4 cM from Rpt-CIho2291, respectively. Previous studies have reported genes governing net blotch resistance in this region; however, allelism tests have not been conducted to determine the relationship between these genes. Identification of the chromosomal location of Rpt-Nomini and Rpt-CIho2291 will facilitate future efforts in pyramiding multiple independent genes for net blotch resistance.
Ph. D.

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Neupane, Anjan. "Identification of Host Resistant Effective against the Barley Spot Form Net Blotch Pathogen." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27372.

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Spot form net blotch (SFNB) caused by Pyrenophora teres f. maculata is a major foliar disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) worldwide. SFNB epidemics have recently been observed in major barley producing countries, suggesting that the local barley cultivars are not resistant and that virulence of the pathogen populations may have changed. Here we attempt to identify sources of resistance effective against diverse isolates of the SFNB pathogen. A total of 2062 world barley core collection accessions were phenotyped using isolates of this pathogen collected in the United States (FGO), Australia (SG1), New Zealand (NZKF2), and Denmark (DEN 2.6). Isolate-specific susceptibility was identified in several of the barley accessions tested, indicating variability in both pathogen virulence and host resistance/susceptibility. Collectively, only 15 barley accessions were resistant across all isolates tested. Future research will involve the characterization of host resistance, pathogen virulence, and the host-pathogen interaction associated with SFNB of barley.

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Shjerve, Rachel Anne. "Identification of Multiple Virulence Loci in Pyrenophora Teres F. Teres Associated with Net Form Net Blotch in Barley." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26659.

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The necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. teres causes the foliar disease net form net blotch (NFNB) on barley (Hordeum vulgare). To investigate the genetics of virulence in the barley- P. teres f. teres pathosystem, we used 118 progeny derived from a cross between the isolates 15A and 6A. The barley lines, chosen based on their different reactions to 15A and 6A, were evaluated for NFNB caused by the 15A ? 6A progeny. Genetic maps generated with SSR and AFLP markers in the fungal population were scanned for quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with virulence in P. teres f. teres. Two QTL were identified in Rika, two in Kombar and PI356715 had a single unique QTL. Therefore, a total of five virulence loci were identified in this pathogen population based on inoculation on three different barley lines.

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Wyatt, Nathan Andrew. "Genomic and Molecular Characterization of Pyrenphora teres f. teres." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31345.

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Pyrenophora teres f. teres is the causal agent of net form net blotch of barley. P. teres f. teres is prevalent globally across all barley growing regions and globally is the most devastating foliar disease of barley. Though economically important, the molecular mechanism whereby P. teres f. teres causes disease is poorly understood and investigations into these mechanisms have been hindered by a lack of genomic resources. To set a genomic foundation for P. teres f. teres the reference isolate 0-1 was sequenced and assembled using PacBio single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and scaffolded into 12 chromosomes to provide the first finished genome of P. teres f. teres. High confidence gene models were generated for the reference genome of isolate 0-1 using a combination of pure culture and in planta RNA sequencing. An additional four P. teres f. teres isolates were sequenced and assembled to the same quality as the reference isolate 0-1 and used in a comparative genomic study. Comparisons of the five P. teres f. teres isolates showed a two-speed genome architecture with the genome being partitioned into core and accessory genomic compartments. Accessory genomic compartments clustered in sub-telomeric regions of the P. teres f. teres genome with a majority of previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with avirulence/virulence being spanned by these accessory regions. Using these genomic resources, with a bi-parental mapping population and a natural population for QTL analysis and genome wide association study (GWAS), respectively, we identified a candidate gene for the previously mapped AvrHar. QTL analysis identified a locus extending off the end of P. teres f. teres chromosome 5 and GWAS analysis identified significant associations with a gene encoding a small secreted protein. The candidate AvrHar gene was validated using CRISPR-Cas9-RNP gene disruption in parental isolates 15A and 0-1. Disruption of AvrHar in isolate 15A did not result in a phenotypic change while disruption of the 0-1 allele resulted in a complete loss of pathogenicity. This is the first identification of an effector from P. teres f. teres validated using CRISPR-Cas9-RNP gene editing.
North Dakota Barley Council

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Tamang, Prabin. "Genetic Mapping and Characterization of Net Blotch Dominant Resistance and Dominant Susceptibility Loci in Barley." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27468.

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Net blotch is an economically important foliar disease of barley that occurs in two distinct forms: Spot Form Net blotch (SFNB) and Net Form Net Blotch (NFNB) caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm) and Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt), respectively. The recent emergence and the identification of both Ptm and Ptt isolates virulent on popular ND malting barley varieties have warranted the identification of new resistance sources. Association mapping was conducted on 2,062 diverse barley accessions phenotyped at the seedling stage with four diverse P. teres f. maculata isolates and genotyped with the 9k Illumina barley iSelect chip. A total of 138 significant marker-trait associations (MTA; ?log10P value > 3.0) corresponding to 27 resistance loci were identified of which 21 loci were novel and six corresponded to previously characterized SFNB resistance QTL. Further, two higly resistant lines PI67381 and PI84314 were crossed with the two susceptible cultivars Tradition and Pinnacle grown in the Upper Midwestern US to develop three bi-parental recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping populations of Tradition x PI67381, Pinnacle x PI67381 and Pinnacle x PI84314. These RIL populations were phenotyped with six diverse Ptm isolates and genotyped using PCR-GBS. MapDisto and Qgene were used to analyze the data and a total of twelve QTL were identified on chromosome 2H, 3H, 4H, 6H and 7H, of which nine were previously reported and the remaining three are considered novel. These resistances and the markers delimiting the QTL are being utilized to develop prebreeding lines by introgressing SFNB resistance into the cultivars Pinnacle and Tradition utilizing marker assisted selection. The barley line CI5791 exhibits a high level of resistance to diverse Ptt isolates collected from around the world. A forward genetics approach and an exome capture-mediated mapping-by-sequencing identified a candidate HvWRKY6 transcription factor gene required for NFNB resistance on chr 3H. We hypothesize that the HvWRKY6 gene function as a component of a conserved basal defense mechanism, which regulates the expression of other defense response genes that restrict lesion growth. The resistance/susceptibility loci identified in this study will facilitate the development of net blotch resistant cultivars.
USDA-NIFA-AFRI grant #2011-68002-30029 (T-CAP)

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Ganeshan, Seedhabadee. "In vitro selection for resistance to net blotch of barley and molecular characterization of the pathogen." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq23992.pdf.

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Kinzer, Kasia Marie. "Characterizing Pyrenophora Teres F. Maculata in the Northern United States and Impact of Spot Form Net Blotch on Yield of Barley." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25318.

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Pyrenophora teres f. maculata causes spot form net blotch (SFNB) on barley and was recently documented in North Dakota. The impact of SFNB on barley, the genetic diversity of the pathogen, and virulence structure are unknown for the state. Yield and quality loss in North Dakota due to SFNB was investigated over eleven year-sites, and simple linear regression of percent yield loss on adjusted percent disease using year-site means of treatments predicted a 0.77% increase in yield loss for every 1% increase in disease. When virulence of isolates of P. teres f. maculata collected from geographically diverse regions in the northern United States was evaluated on differential barley genotypes, few isolates were identical in terms of virulence patterns, and the virulence profile of a population from Idaho differed from other populations. To understand population structure and genetic diversity, SNPs of 140 isolates were generated using genotyping-by-sequencing for analysis of population genetics and structure. Evidence for sexual recombination in each population includes the ratio of mating-type idiomorphs that do not significantly differ from a 1:1 ratio; low index of association values for most populations; and high variation within and low variation among populations. Association mapping detected forty-five significant marker-trait associations of SNPs associated with virulence or avirulence across 19 P. teres f. maculata scaffolds using 82 isolates of P. teres f. maculata from diverse areas in the northern United States. The most significant marker, 01700_198, was found on P. teres f. maculata-scaffold 8 when the population was challenged with four different barley lines. This research demonstrates that SFNB causes significant yield loss; that high diversity exists in the pathogen, with respect to virulence and population genetics; and that association mapping can be used to identify virulence/avirulence marker-trait associations to fill gaps in our understanding of host-parasite genetic interactions in this pathosystem.
American Malting Barley Association
Triticeae CAP
North Dakota Barley Commission

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Книги з теми "Barley net blotch"

Jonsson, Rickard. Breeding for resistance to barley net blotch (pyrenophora teres). Alnarp: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001.

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Частини книг з теми "Barley net blotch"

Robinson, J., and M. Jalli. "Diversity among Finnish net blotch isolates and resistance in barley." In Developments in Plant Breeding, 95–101. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8806-5_13.

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Franckowiak, Jerome D., and Gregory J. Platz. "Breeding barley for durable resistance to net and spot forms of net blotch." In Achieving durable disease resistance in cereals, 567–86. London: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003180715-20.

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Martin, Anke, Mark S. McLean, Lisle Snyman, and Francisco J. Lopez-Ruiz. "Advances in understanding the epidemiology, molecular biology and control of net blotch and the net blotch barley interaction." In Achieving durable disease resistance in cereals, 477–523. London: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003180715-18.

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Yang, Jian, Chengdao Li, Xue Gong, Sanjiv Gupta, Reg Lance, Guoping Zhang, Rob Loughman, and Jun Zhu. "Large Population with Low Marker Density Verse Small Population with High Marker Density for QTL Mapping: A Case Study for Mapping QTL Controlling Barley Net Blotch Resistance." In Advance in Barley Sciences, 301–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4682-4_25.

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Harrabi, M., M. Cherif, and O. Slama. "Evidence for Race-Non-Specific Resistance and Transgressive Segregation to Net Blotch in Barley." In Durability of Disease Resistance, 231–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2004-3_24.

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Gupta, Vikas, Sonia Sheoran, Charan Singh, B. S. Tyagi, Gyanendra Pratap Singh, and Gyanendra Singh. "Breeding for Spot Blotch Resistance in Wheat." In New Horizons in Wheat and Barley Research, 307–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4449-8_13.

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Martin, Anke, Barsha Poudel, Buddhika Amarasinghe Dahanayaka, Mark S. McLean, Lisle Snyman, and Francisco J. Lopez-Ruiz. "Advances in understanding the epidemiology, molecular biology and control of net blotch and the net blotch barley interaction." In Achieving durable disease resistance in cereals, 477–524. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0092.31.

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Net blotches are the most widely distributed foliar diseases of barley worldwide, causing significant losses in grain yield. They occur as net form net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres and spot form net blotch caused by P. teres f. maculata. Both sexual and asexual reproduction play a role in the P. teres disease cycles leading to changes in genetic variation of populations. Breeding programs have to keep pace with pathogenic changes and ensure different sources of resistance are present in current barley cultivars. Knowledge of the genetic architecture and genes involved in virulence is thus vital to increase the durability of net blotch resistance in barley cultivars. This chapter explores the molecular biology, life-cycle and epidemiology of the net blotch fungi and discusses the key challenges we are facing in managing the net blotches using both fungicide resistance and breeding strategies to achieve durable disease resistance in barley.

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Franckowiak, Jerome D., and Gregory J. Platz. "Breeding barley for durable resistance to net and spot forms of net blotch." In Achieving durable disease resistance in cereals, 567–86. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0092.33.

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This chapter focuses on breeding barley for durable resistance to net and spot forms of net blotch. It starts by reviewing how Pyrenophora teres f. teres can cause net form net blotch. The chapter then goes on to examine the molecular markers that can be identified to provide resistances to net form net blotch. A section on the population dynamics of barley–P. teres f. teres interactions is also provided. The chapter also reviews how breeding crops with specific genes can help to create durable resistance to net form blotch. It moves on to discuss how Pyrenophora teres Drechs. f. maculata can cause spot form net blotch and how identifying specific molecular markers can help provide resistance to this form of net blotch. The chapter concludes by highlighting the importance of combining durable resistance to both forms of net blotch.

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Effertz, Karl M., Shaun J. Clare, Sarah M. Harkins, and Robert S. Brueggeman. "Understanding plant–pathogen interactions in net blotch infection of cereals." In Achieving durable disease resistance in cereals, 525–66. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0092.32.

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An economically important disease of barley that causes significant yield and quality losses is net blotch caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres. To reduce the impact of net blotch the research community is engaging in basic and applied research to enhance genetic resistances, as it is the most economic and sustainable management strategy. Durable resistance against P. teres will be a major achievement towards the goal of developing widely adapted barley varieties that have high yields and quality across dynamic environments. This chapter focuses on a thorough review of the latest knowledge of both host resistance/susceptibility and pathogen virulence/avirulence in this important pathosystem, and the implications this knowledge will have on deploying sustainable resistances to this destructive pathogen of barley.

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Ellwood, Simon R., and Hugh Wallwork. "Diseases affecting barley: net blotches." In Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science, 171–82. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2018.0039.09.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Barley net blotch"

"The association mapping of quantitative resistance loci to net blotch and spot blotch in barley." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-149.

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Sinha, Nitesh, and Raj Kishore. "Deepwater Pipeline Challenges." In ASME 2015 India International Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2015-7932.

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With the ever-increasing demand of energy in the country, the Indian exploration and production is now compelled to move into deepwater frontiers. The country’s energy reserve is getting exhausted with drying shallow water assets and the mainland is already overwhelmed with the pressure of sustaining the world’s second largest population. Therefore, “the upstream oil and gas fraternity of the country” has to now enter “less explored” Indian deepwater block which has already started with the launch of the NELP block by the government. Although, the world has moved into deepwater long back, the Indian industry is still developing the ways and means to tackle the challenges involved in deep water. This paper presents the insights into design and installation of deepwater pipelines along with case study of Middle East to India Deepwater Pipeline (MEIDP) of M/s SAGE, which shall be laid at a maximum water depth of 3450 m. This paper broadly elucidates the challenges in designing the deepwater pipelines such as requirement of thick-walled line pipes to sustain collapse due to external over-pressure and tensile stresses generated due to installation forces, pipeline route selection and optimization, geo-hazard assessment & mitigation, design against fault line crossings/ seismic design, free span, repair systems, seabed intervention etc. It also covers the additional manufacturing & testing requirements including tighter tolerances for line pipes suitable for deepwater installations. It also highlights the deepwater installation capabilities of Pipe lay Barges for the laying of pipeline in the deepwater to ultra-deep waters along with new evolving testing and commissioning philosophies. This paper intends to bring awareness among the “oil and gas fraternity” regarding challenges involved in deep water pipelines with respect to design, installation etc.

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Repetto-Llamazares, Ada H. V., Ove T. Gudmestad, Arne Gu¨rtner, and Knut V. Ho̸yland. "Shoulder Ice Barrier Ice Tank Testing—Part II: Estimation of Breaking Length and Block Size Using Image Analysis." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79140.

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When studying ice interaction on sloped structures, a key parameter that is usually reported after experiments and observations either in Full Scale or Model Scale is the breaking length associated with the ice failure. Moreover, either for numerical modeling or load calculations the size of the blocks generated during ice-structure interaction that accumulates rubble is of importance. In this paper, the technique of image analysis has been used to obtain values of the breaking length and the ice block sizes generated during model tests of a Shoulder Ice Barrier (SIB)-ice interaction. The model tests were performed in the Hamburg Ship Model Basin (HSVA) during July 2007. Since the SIB represents a new concept in ice barrier structures, model tests were intended to evaluate its general performance. A brief description of the model tests and the image analysis technique used to analyze the data is done. A total of five experiments where ice thickness, ice flexural strength and shoulder inclination were varied, are analyzed. Results of the breaking length analysis show that there is a characteristic change in the breaking length associated with the transition from ice interactions on the bare structure (Phase 1) and interaction onto accumulated rubble (Phase 2). Average values of the breaking length of both phases for each experiment are presented. Since the information regarding breaking length in structures that accumulate rubble is sparse, the experimental results of Phase 1, where the rubble accumulation is still small, are compared with the predictions from three different models presented in the literature for sloped structures, under similar ice conditions, that do not accumulate rubble. The comparison allows concluding that the breaking phenomenon is being reasonably well modeled in the experiments. The block sizes of the upper layer of the accumulated rubble were analyzed and the block length and width distributions were found for each experiment. A linear trend was found between block size and ice thickness. A linear fitting of the data was performed in order to obtain simple equations which give an upper limit of the length and width of the ice blocks generated during the SIB-ice interaction as function of the ice thickness. The results may apply for ice interaction on sloped structures in general as well.

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Kucuk, Ezgi, and Ayşe Sema Kubat. "Rethinking Urban Design Problems through Morphological Regions: Case of Beyazıt Square." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6179.

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Rethinking Urban Design Problems through Morphological Regions Ezgi Küçük¹, Ayşe Sema Kubat² ¹Urban Planning Coordinator, Marmara Municipalities Union ²Prof., Dr., Istanbul Technical Univercity, Faculty of Architecture, Department of City and Regional Planning E-mail: ezgikucuk89@gmail.com, kubat@itu.edu.tr Keywords: the Historical Peninsula, morphological regions, urban blocks, urban design, Beyazıt Square Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space The concept of urban square is a debated issue in the context of urban design practices in Islamic cities. Recognizing the relation between urban morphology and urban design studies in city planning and urban design practices is highly vital. Beyazıt Square, which is the center of the city of Istanbul, could not be integrated to the other parts of the city either configurationally or socially although many design projects have been previously planned and discussed. In this study, the Historical Peninsula of Istanbul is observed as an essential unit of the traditional path reflecting each civilization, namely Roman, Byzantium, Ottoman and Republic of Turkey that have been settled in the region. Transformations in urban blocks in Beyazıt region are elaborated through a series of morphological analyses based on the Conzenian approach of urban morphology. Morphological regions of the Historical Peninsula are identified and Beyazıt region is addressed in detail in terms of the transformations in urban block components, that are; street, plot and buildings. The effects of surrounding units which are the mosque, university buildings, booksellers and Grandbazaar on Beyazıt Square are discussed according to the morphological analyses that are applied to the region. Previous design practices and the existing plan of the area are observed through the analyses including town plan, building block, and land use and ownership patterns. It is revealed that existing design problems in Beyazıt Square come from the absence of urban morphological analyses in all planning and design practices. Through morphological regions as well as the conservation plans, urban design projects can be reconsidered. References Baş, Y. (2010) ‘Production of Urbanism as the Reproduction of Property Relations: Morphologenesis of Yenişehir-Ankara’, PhD thesis, Middle East Technical University. Barret, H.J. (1996) ‘Townscape changes and local planning management in city conservation areas: the example of Birmingham and Bristol’, PhD thesis, University of Birmingham. Bienstman, H. (2007) ‘Morphological Concepts and Landscape Management: The Cases of Alkmaar and Bromsgrove’, PhD thesis, University of Birmingham. Conzen, M.R.G. (1960) Alnwick Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis, Institute of British Geographers, London. Conzen, M.R.G. (2004) Thinking About Urban Form: papers on urban morphology 1932-1998, Peter Lang, Bern. Çelik, Z. (1993) The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century, University of California Press, Berkeley. Günay, B. (1999) Property Relations and Urban Space, METU Faculty of Architecture Press, Ankara. Kubat, A.S. (1999) ‘The morphological history of Istanbul’, Urban Morphology 3.1, 28-41. Noziet, H. (2008) ‘Fabrique urbaine: a new concept in urban history and morphology’, Urban Morphology, 13.1, 55-56. Panerai, P., Castex, J., Depaule, J. C. and Samuels, I. (2004) Urban Forms: The Death and Life of the Urban Block, Architectural Press, Oxford. Tekeli, İ. (2010) Türkiye’nin Kent Planlama ve Kent Araştırmaları Tarihi Yazıları, (Articles of Turkey’s History of Urban Planning and Urban Studies), Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, Istanbul. Whitehand, J.W.R. (2001) ‘British urban morphology: the Conzenian tradition’, Urban Morphology 5.2, 3-10. Whitehand, J.W.R. (2009) ‘The structure of urban landscapes: strengthening research and practice’, Urban Morphology 13.1, 5-22.

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Kuznetsov, Yu N., B. A. Gabaraev, V. A. Reshetov, and V. A. Moskin. "Leasing of Nuclear Power Plants With Using Floating Technologies." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22186.

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The proposal to organize and realize the international program on leasing of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) reactor compartments is brought to the notice of potential partners. The proposal is oriented to the construction of new NPPs or to replacement of worked-out reactor units of the NPPs in operation on the sites situated near water area and to the use of afloat technologies for construction, mounting and transportation of reactor units as a Reactor Compartment Block Module (RCBM). According to the offered project the RCBM is fabricated in factory conditions at the largest Russian defense shipbuilding plant — State Unitary Enterprise “Industrial Association SEVMASHPREDPRIYATIE” (SEVMASH) in the city of Severodvinsk of the Arkhangelsk region. After completion of assembling, testing and preliminary licensing the RCBM is given buoyancy by means of hermetic sealing and using pontoons and barges. The RCBM delivery to the NPP site situated near water area is performed by sea route. The RCBM is brought to the place of its installation with the use of appropriate hydraulic structures (canals, shipping locks), then is lowered on the basement constructed beforehand and incorporated into NPP scheme, of which the components are installed in advance. Floating means can be detached from the RCBM and used repeatedly for other RCBMs. Further procedure of NPP commissioning and its operation is carried out according to traditional method by power company in the framework of RCBM leasing with enlisting the services of firm-manufacturer’s specialists either to provide reactor plant operation and concomitant processes or to perform author’s supervision of operation. After completion of lifetime and reactor unloading the RCBM is dismantled with using the same afloat technology and taken away from NPP site to sea area entirely, together with its structures (reactor vessel, heat exchangers, pumps, pipelines and other equipment). Then RCBM is transported by shipping route to a firm-manufacturer, for subsequent reprocessing, utilization and storage. Nuclear fuel and radioactive wastes are removed from NPP site also. Use of leasing method removes legal problems connected with the transportation of radioactive materials through state borders as the RCBM remains a property of the state-producer at all stages of its life cycle.

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Serfontein, Dawid, Eben Mulder, and Eberhard Teuchert. "Proposal for an International Experimental Pebble Bed Reactor." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58174.

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HTRs, both prismatic block fuelled and pebble fuelled, feature a number of uniquely beneficial characteristics that will be discussed in this paper. In this paper the construction of an international experimental pebble bed reactor is proposed, possible experiments suggested and an invitation extended to interested partners for co-operation in the project. Experimental verification by nuclear regulators in order to facilitate licensing and the development of a new generation of reactors create a strong need for such a reactor. Suggested experiments include: • Optimized incineration of waste Pu in a pebble bed reactor: The capability to incineration pure reactor grade plutonium by means of ultra high burn-up in pebble bed reactors will be presented at this conference in the track on fuel and fuel cycles. This will enable incineration of the global stockpile of separated reactor grade Pu within a relatively short time span; • Testing of fuel sphere geometries, aimed at improving neutron moderation and a decrease in fuel temperatures; • Th/Pu fuel cycles: Previous HTR programs demonstrated the viability of a Th-232 fuel-cycle, using highly enriched uranium (HEU) as driver material. However, considerations favoring proliferation resistance limit the enrichment level of uranium in commercial reactors to 20%, thereby lowering the isotopic efficiency. Therefore, Pu driver material should be developed to replace the HEU component. Instead of deploying a (Th, Pu)O2 fuel concept, the proposal is to use the unique capability offered by pebble bed reactors in deploying separate Th- and Pu-containing pebbles, which can be cycled differently; • Testing of carbon-fiber-carbon (CFC) structures for in-core or near-core applications, such as guide tubes for reserve shutdown systems, thus creating the possibility to safely shutdown reactors with increased diameter; • Development of very high temperature reactor components for process heat applications; • Advanced decay heat removal systems e.g. design specific air flow channels, or heat pipe designs external to the reactor pressure vessel; • Development of a plutonium fuelled peaking reactor with the proposed duel cycle; • A radial coolant flow pattern with increased power output; • Testing of carbon-fiber-carbon (CFC) core barrel applications. The design will facilitate ease of licensing by sacrificing performance in favor of safety and employing redundant defense-in-depth safety systems. Speedy licensing is therefore expected. The economic model will be based on a commercial expedition of the agreed experimental value to collaborating participants. Target costs will be minimized by exploiting known technology only and by utilizing off-the-shelf components as far as possible.

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