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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Barium ions"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Barium ions"

Chikina, I., and V. Shikin. "Barium ions in liquid helium." Low Temperature Physics 44, no. 5 (May 2018): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5034150.

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Kostishin V. G., Korovushkin V. V., Isaev I. M., Salogub D. V., Trukhanov S.V., and Trukhanov A.V. "Crystal chemistry and magnetic properties of BaFe-=SUB=-12-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-19-=/SUB=- hexaferrite upon heterovalent substitution of iron with zirconium." Physics of the Solid State 64, no. 2 (2022): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2022.02.52964.225.

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Samples of BaFe12O19 M-type barium hexaferrite with partial iron substitution by zirconium ions (concentration up to 10 at.%) have been synthesized and investigated. Studies of crystal features, phase composition, and magnetic properties were carried out using X-ray diffraction, Messbauer spectroscopy, and VSM respectively. The presence of limited heterovalent isomorphism by the 2Fe3+->Zr4++Fe2+ mechanism was shown. The limit of heterovalent isomorphic substitution by zirconium ions in barium hexaferrite (x=0.6) was established. It was noted that additional sextets in the Messbauer spectra of barium hexaferrite can be formed during the localization of Zr4+ ions predominantly in the 12k and 4f2 positions due to the frustration of the magnetic structure. The correlation between the chemical composition (concentration of zirconium ions), impurity phase formation, the peculiarities of the distribution of substituents over oxygen coordination, and the magnetic properties was established. Keywords: M-type barium hexaferrite, heterovalent substitution, limited isomorphism, Messbauer spectroscopy, magnetic properties

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Zezulová, Anežka, Theodor Staněk, and Tomáš Opravil. "The Influence of Barium Compounds on the Formation of Portland Cement Clinker." Materials Science Forum 851 (April 2016): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.851.116.

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Portland clinker is thanks to its large-scale production a continuously studied topic. Clinker, or Portland cement, is used for construction purposes or for insulation and special applications. One of these special applications could be shielding of different types of radiation by making use of the content of barium ions. The present article examines the influence of barium oxide on the formation and properties of Portland clinker, which could be, by incorporation of barium ions into the system, used as a binder for buildings resistant to various types of radiation. Barium sulphate and barium carbonate were added to the raw meal in order to prepare clinkers with different content of barium oxide. The effect of barium on the formation of clinker phases was studied (by XRD – Rietveld analysis and by the microscopic point counting method), as well as the rate of alite formation under isothermal conditions. Furthermore, the ability of barium to become a part of clinker minerals was studied by SEM with EDS.

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Itoh, Junichi, Hajime Haneda, Shunichi Hishita, Isao Sakaguchi, Naoki Ohashi, Dae-Chul Park, and Isamu Yashima. "Diffusion and solubility of holmium ions in barium titanate ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 3512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0466.

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Ho ion solubility and diffusivity were evaluated in barium titanate ceramics in which Ho ions were implanted with an accelerating voltage of 500 keV. The depth profile of the ions was composed of three regions in the post-annealed sample: the first was the precipitation region, the second was a region created by lattice diffusion of Ho ions, and the third was a region created by grain-boundary diffusion. The Ho lattice diffusion characteristics were similar to those of Ni ion diffusion in barium titanate ceramics, and we concluded that the diffusion mechanism was the same as that responsible for Ni ions. The Ho ions diffused through the B-site (Ti-site) and were then exchanged with A-site ions. This mechanism suggests that a small number of Ho ions dissolved in the B-site. Preferential grain-boundary diffusion was also observed. The grain-boundary diffusion coefficients were four to five orders of magnitude larger than the volume diffusion coefficients. The solubility of Ho ions was estimated to be a few thousand parts per million in barium titanate ceramics.

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Kovrlija, Ilijana, Janis Locs, and Dagnija Loca. "Incorporation of Barium Ions into Biomaterials: Dangerous Liaison or Potential Revolution?" Materials 14, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 5772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195772.

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In the present manuscript, a brief overview on barium, its possible utilization, and the aftermath of its behavior in organisms has been presented. As a bivalent cation, barium has the potential to be used in a myriad of biochemical reactions. A number of studies have exhibited both the unwanted outcome barium displayed and the advantages of barium laden compounds, tested in in vitro and in vivo settings. The plethora of prospective manipulations covered the area of hydrogels and calcium phosphates, with an end goal of examining barium’s future in the tissue engineering. However, majority of data revert to the research conducted in the 20th century, without investigating the mechanisms of action using current state-of-the-art technology. Having this in mind, set of questions that are needed for possible future research arose. Can barium be used as a substitute for other biologically relevant divalent cations? Will the incorporation of barium ions hamper the execution of the essential processes in the organism? Most importantly, can the benefits outweigh the harm?

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Костишин, В. Г., В. В. Коровушкин, И. М. Исаев, Д. В. Салогуб, С. В. Труханов та А. В. Труханов. "Кристаллохимия и магнитные свойства гексаферрита BaFe-=SUB=-12-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-19-=/SUB=- при гетеровалентном замещении железа цирконием". Физика твердого тела 64, № 2 (2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2022.02.51927.225.

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Samples of BaFe12O19 M-type barium hexaferrite with partial iron substitution by zirconium ions (concentration up to 10 at.%) have been synthesized and investigated. Studies of crystal features, phase composition, and magnetic properties were carried out using X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and VSM respectively. The presence of limited heterovalent isomorphism by the 2Fe3+ → Zr4+ + Fe2+ mechanism was shown. The limit of heterovalent isomorphic substitution by zirconium ions in barium hexaferrite (x = 0.6) was established. It was noted that additional sextets in the Mössbauer spectra of barium hexaferrite can be formed during the localization of Zr4+ ions predominantly in the 12k and 4f2 positions due to the frustration of the magnetic structure. The correlation between the chemical composition (concentration of zirconium ions), impurity phase formation, the peculiarities of the distribution of substituents over oxygen coordination, and the magnetic properties was established.

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Yoon, Dang-Hyok, and Burtrand I. Lee. "Effects of Excess Barium Ions on Aqueous Barium Titanate Tape Properties." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87, no. 6 (June 2004): 1066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.01066.x.

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CAI, S., P. H. XIN, P. F. WANG, B. B. ZHANG, Y. B. HAN, X. L. PENG, B. HONG, et al. "THE SOL–GEL SYNTHESIS OF RARE-EARTH IONS SUBSTITUTED BARIUM HEXAFERRITES AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES." Modern Physics Letters B 27, no. 26 (October 10, 2013): 1350192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984913501923.

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In this paper, a series of rare-earth-doped barium hexaferrite powders ( Ba 0.95 Re 0.05- Fe 12 O 19 and Ba 0.95 Re 0.05 M 0.05 Fe 11.95 O 19: Re = La , Pr , Sm , Nd , Gd , Dy , Yb ; M = Zn 2+, Mn 2+, [Formula: see text]) were synthesized by the sol–gel self-combustion technology. The phase composition and the magnetic properties of the as-prepared barium hexaferrites were characterized and discussed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results showed that the barium hexaferrites exhibited the magnetoplumbite phase structure with the average diameter of 45 nm. Magnetic properties study revealed that the variation of the saturation magnetization (Ms) was similar with the change of the rare-earth ions radius, but the change of Ms was low. This indicated that the magnetic moments of rare-earth ions could not affect Ms. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy field mainly influenced the anisotropism of hexaferrites, and the coercivity (Hc) of the rare-earth ions doped barium hexaferrites basically decreased with the increasing orbital quantum numbers (except Sm 3+ and Gd 3+). Further study showed the co-addition of Zn 2+ and Mn 2+ did not change the trend of Ms and Hc. Thus, it is concluded that the rare-earth ions played an important role for the anisotropy field of barium hexaferrites.

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Nazarenko, Alexander Y. "Crystal structure of strontium and barium acesulafame (6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-1,2,3-oxathiazin-3-ide 2,2-dioxide)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, no. 5 (April 24, 2018): 698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018006059.

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Both strontium and barium acesulfames, namely poly[aquabis(μ3-6-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1,2λ6,3-oxathiazin-4-olato)strontium(II)], [Sr(C4H4NO4S)2(H2O)]n, and the barium(II) analogue, [Ba(C4H4NO4S)2(H2O)]n, crystallize in nearly identical isotypic forms, with barium–oxygen interatomic distances being longer due to the larger ionic radius of the barium(II) ion. The coordination number of the metal ion is 9; the coordination polyhedra can be described as distorted capped square antiprisms [Johnson solidJ10; Johnson (1966).Can. J. Math.18, 169–200]. The conformation of the acesulafame ions is a distorted envelope with an out-of-plane S atom. Metal and acesulfame ions are assembled into infinitive chains along the [100] axis. These chains are connectedviahydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.

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Zaitsev, Sergei Yu, Marina S. Tsarkova, and Ilia S. Zaitsev. "Polymeric Composite Materials for the Detection of Barium Ions in Aqueous Solutions." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4951327.

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The design of polymeric composite materials (PCM) for the optical control of chemical substances is currently one of the actively developing fields of science “at the junction” of polymer, organic, and analytical chemistry. The purpose of this work is the preparation of PCM containing derivatives of crown ethers for the optical determination of barium ions. The polymeric composite materials containing a novel optical molecular sensor have been obtained and investigated on the basis of a number of film-forming polymers. The best results have been obtained for PCM based on polyvinyl butyral films (since the fluorescence and absorption maxima shifted by 9 and 16 nm, respectively) in the fluorescence and absorption spectra of this PCM in the presence of barium ions. This makes the proposed PCM highly promising as sensor elements for the detection of the barium ions in the aqueous solutions.

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Дисертації з теми "Barium ions"

De, Palatis Michael V. "Production of cold barium monohalide ions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50251.

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Ion traps are an incredibly versatile tool which have many applications throughout the physical sciences, including such diverse topics as mass spectrometry, precision frequency metrology, tests of fundamental physics, and quantum computing. In this thesis, experiments are presented which involve trapping and measuring properties of Th³⁺. Th³⁺ ions are of unique interest in part because they are a promising platform for studying an unusually low-lying nuclear transition in the 229Th nucleus which could eventually be used as an exceptional optical clock. Here, experiments to measure electronic lifetimes of Th³⁺ are described. A second experimental topic explores the production of sympathetically cooled molecular ions. The study of cold molecular ions has a number of applications, some of which include spectroscopy to aid the study of astrophysical objects, precision tests of quantum electrodynamics predictions, and the study of chemical reactions in the quantum regime. The experiments presented here involve the production of barium monohalide ions, BaX⁺ (X = F, Cl, Br). This type of molecular ion proves to be particularly promising for cooling to the rovibrational ground state. The method used for producing BaX⁺ ions involves reactions between cold, trapped Ba⁺ ions and neutral gas phase reactants at room temperature. The Ba⁺ ion reaction experiments presented in this thesis characterize these reactions for producing Coulomb crystals composed of laser cooled Ba⁺ ions and sympathetically cooled BaX⁺ ions.

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Steele, Adam V. "Barium ion cavity qed and triply ionized thorium ion trapping." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26530.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Michael Chapman; Committee Member: Alex Kuzmich; Committee Member: Brian Kennedy; Committee Member: Chandra Raman; Committee Member: Kenneth Brown. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Hendrickson, Kristi R. G. "Toward a measurement of atomic parity nonconservation using a single, trapped barium ion /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9668.

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Huber, Thomas [Verfasser], and Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Schätz. "Optical trapping of barium ions - towards ultracold interactions in ion-atom ensembles = Optisches Fangen von Barium Ionen zur Untersuchung von Wechselwirkungen in Ion-Atom Ensembles." Freiburg : Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1123480699/34.

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Cobbs, Ashley L. "Detection of Barium and Strontium Ions in Water Utilizing Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1588098171596986.

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Churchill, Layne Russell. "Trapping triply ionized thorium isotopes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37161.

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Cold trapped ions have many applications in quantum information science and precision metrology. In this thesis, we present progress toward two objectives involving ions confined to linear RF traps: the strong coupling of Ba+ ions with a high finesse optical cavity, and the observation of an optical nuclear transition in 229Th3+. In pursuit of the first objective, a novel high-temperture vapor cell for the spectroscopy of neutral barium was constructed. Using this vapor cell, a new technique for isotope-selective photoionization loading of Ba+ in an ion trap was developed. In pursuit of the second objective, techniques ultimately to be used in creating, trapping, and observing 229Th3+ are studied using 232Th3+. Ion traps are loaded with 232Th3+ via laser ablation of thorium targets. 232Th3+ is detected optically using laser-induced fluorescence and electronically using a channel electron multiplier. A technique for creating ablation targets from trace quantities of thorium nitrate is presented. The primary loss mechanisms of Th3+, charge exchange and chemical reactions, are studied.

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Sherman, Jeffrey A. "Single barium ion spectroscopy : light shifts, hyperfine structure, and progress on an optical frequency standard and atomic parity violation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9767.

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Schacht, Michael. "Spin state detection and manipulation and parity violation in a single trapped ion /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9664.

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Koerber, Timo W. "Measurement of light shift ratios with a single trapped ¹³⁸Ba⁺ ion, and prospects for a parity violation experiment /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9792.

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SENE, FRANK F. "Sintese e caracterizacao de vidros niobofosfato de bario e potassio para aplicacoes como matriz hospedeira de ions de terras raras." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10990.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Книги з теми "Barium ions"

Barbul, Gheorghe. Mareșalul Ion Antonescu și frontul secret: Convorbiri cu Gheorghe Barbul. București: Editura Vremea, 2001.

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Частини книг з теми "Barium ions"

Chen, G., H. Xiao, S. Q. Man, J. Q. Zhang, and S. X. Ren. "Radiation Damage of Rare Earth Ions Doped Barium Fluoride Crystals." In Supercollider 4, 809–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3454-9_98.

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Haro-González, P., I. R. Martín, S. González-Pérez, L. L. Martin, F. Lahoz, D. Puerto, and J. Solís. "Femtosecond Laser Modification on Strontium Barium Niobate Glasses Doped with Er3+ Ions." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 573–78. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470640845.ch81.

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Nagourney, W., Nan Yu, and H. Dehmelt. "Laser Spectroscopy of a Single Barium Ion Using “Shelving”." In Frequency Standards and Metrology, 312–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74501-0_54.

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Latorre, Ramon, Raymond Hurst, Felipe Diaz, Ligia Toro, and Enrico Stefani. "Barium as a Probe of the Molecular Architecture of the Pore of K+ Channels." In From Ion Channels to Cell-to-Cell Conversations, 129–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1795-9_8.

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Nagourney, W., J. Sandberg, and H. Dehmelt. "Quantum Jumps and Laser Spectroscopy of a Single Barium Ion Using “Shelving”." In Laser Spectroscopy VIII, 114–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47973-4_30.

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Liberti, L., G. Boari, N. Limoni, C. Longobardi, and R. Passino. "The Rim-Nut Process for Recovery of N/P Fertilizer from Sewage. Start-Up of Bari’s Plant." In Fundamentals and Applications of Ion Exchange, 134–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5161-7_13.

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Quiroz, Pamela, Bernd Halbedel, Angel Bustamante, and Juan C. González. "Effect of titanium ion substitution in the barium hexaferrite studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction." In LACAME 2010, 97–106. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4301-4_13.

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Kumar, H. "Effect of Substitution on the Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of BaFe12O19." In Materials Research Foundations, 66–92. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902318-3.

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Hexaferrites are composed of irons and many other divalent metal ions in various atomic ratios. They are classified as M, W, X, Y, Z, and U type according to the crystalline structure. They are also used as ferromagnetic compounds. These materials have been utilized as the permanent magnets, magnetic recording media and microwave absorbers due to their superior properties. These materials also have wide application in ferrofluids, sensors, loudspeakers, electric power generation, rotors in small direct current (DC) motors, automotive electronics, ferrite cores, fabrication of inductors, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS), capacitors, transistors, microwave, and in magneto static and electromagnetic devices. BaFe12O19 has gain focus in recent years due to its large coercivity, high magneto crystalline anisotropy, relatively large saturation magnetization, electrical resistivity, low cost, and ability to resist corrosion. The Present chapter will focus on the effect of substitution on the dielectric and magnetic properties BaFe12O19. Morphology and properties of barium hexaferrites, effect of Co-Ti substitution on magnetic properties of nanocrystalline BaFe12O19 and effect of rare-earth materials substitution on the micro structural and magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 are covered.

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Schweitzer, George K., and Lester L. Pesterfield. "The Beryllium Group." In The Aqueous Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195393354.003.0008.

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The elements which constitute the Be Group of the Periodic Table are known as the alkaline earths. They are beryllium Be, magnesium Mg, calcium Ca, strontium Sr, barium Ba, and radium Ra. All six of the elements have atoms characterized by an outer electron structure of ns2 with n representing the principal quantum number. The elements exhibit marked resemblances to each other with Be differing considerably. This deviation is assignable to the small size of Be which causes the positive charge of Be+2 to be concentrated, that is, the charge density is high. The higher charge-density ions attack HOH to attach OH− and to liberate H+, that is, they hydrolyze readily. All of the elements exhibit oxidation numbers of 0 and II, with their chemistries being dominated by the oxidation state II. The six metals are exceptionally reactive, being strong reductants, reacting with acids, HOH, and bases at all pH values to give H2. The other product of such reactions are M+2 ions and M(OH)2, the ions being present at lower pH values and the hydroxides being present at higher pH values. The transition from M+2 to M(OH)2 occurs at increasing pH values from Be to Ra, such that the hydroxide of Sr is slightly soluble and those of Ba and Ra are soluble. These soluble hydroxides are strong bases. Ionic sizes in pm for the members of the group are as follows: Be (59), Mg (72), Ca (100), Sr (132), Ba (135), and Ra (148). The E° values for the M+2/M couples are as follows: Be (−1.97 v), Mg (−2.36 v), Ca (−2.87 v), Sr (−2.89 v), Ba (−2.91 v), and Ra (−2.91 v), indicating that they are very reactive metals. a. E–pH diagram. The E–pH diagram for 10−1.0 M Be is presented in Figure 6.1. In the figure legend are equations which describe the lines separating the species. It can be seen that Be is thermodynamically unstable with respect to H+, HOH, and OH−. However, Be is relatively inactive in the middle pH range due to a protective oxide coat. To dissolve Be, dilute acids such as HCl or H2SO4, or bases such as NaOH or KOH are required.

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Ishibashi, Yurika, Takaaki Tsurumi, Naoki Ohashi, and Osamu Fukunaga. "Low-Temperature Growth of Epitaxial Barium Titanate Thin Films by Irradiation of Low-Energy Positive Oxygen Ions." In Materials Science and Engineering Serving Society, 139–42. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044482793-7/50033-3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Barium ions"

Dietrich, M. R., A. Avril, R. Bowler, N. Kurz, J. S. Salacka, G. Shu, B. B. Blinov, James R. Danielson, and Thomas Sunn Pedersen. "Barium Ions for Quantum Computation." In NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS VII: Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas 2008. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3122286.

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Kurz, N., Gang Shu, M. R. Dietrich, and B. B. Blinov. "High-efficiency single photon collection from trapped barium ions." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2009.jtub5.

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Devoe, R. G., and R. G. Brewer. "Planar Paul traps and trap arrays." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.thgg2.

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We report the laser cooling and trapping of barium ions in a novel planar Paul trap. Unlike other rf quadrupole traps, the electrodes of a planar Paul trap are confined to one or more parallel planes. They may therefore be constructed on a micrometer scale by the same photolithographic techniques used for semiconductor devices. Such devices are under construction in our laboratory. Micro-traps permit entirely new studies, for example, superradiance of a few ions, which occurs as ion-ion distances approach one wavelength of light. Photolithography can also generate an array of traps on a single substrate for an atomic clock. Our traps consist of one or more parallel planes, one above the other, each plane having either a conducting ring or a hole in a conducting sheet. Thus, a ring or a hole results in a potential well for trapping. A three-ring design produces a quadrupole potential that is harmonic up to eighth-order for a particular choice of ring diameters and spacings. Three-hole traps have been constructed with inner hole radii ranging from 50 to 400 μm, and both single barium ions and clouds have been observed.

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Ma, Shihong, Shuhong Li, Xingze Lu, Wencheng Wang, Genshui Wang, Pulin Liu, Shaoling Guo, and Junhao Chu. "Pyroelectricity in alternating ultrathin organized molecular films incorporating barium ions." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Randolph E. Longshore and Sivalingam Sivananthan. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.451898.

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Chen, H. C., Q. Z. Jiang, X. L. Lu, and L. Chen. "Doping Modification Of Photorefractive Crystal Potassium Sodium Strontium Barium Niobate." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.ctuk75.

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During recent year, the photorefractive materials are attractive in many applications such as optical image processing and optical computing because they have more lower threshold power and easily realize phase conjugation Potassium sodium strontium barium niobate crystal is one of the best candidates. It has open structure and large structure tolerance for dopants with different valence There are two different ways to improve the photorefractive properties of the materials. 1) by adjusting the composition of materials and 2) doping cation ions. This paper is to describe the doping effects on the ferroelectric and photorefractive properties. The composition of potassium sodium strontium barium niobate was chosen as 92% of A-sites occupied by K, Na, Sr and Ba ions. The dopants such as Ce, Pr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ti and Mn with 0.01-0.1wt% were adopted for modifying the properties. Potassium sodium strontium barium niobate crystals were grown from platinum crucible by Czochralski method with induction heating in air atmosphere. The growth conditions are pulling direction: [001], the rate of pulling/rotation: 0.2-0.4. The size of as-grown crystal is up to ϕ 35 × 35 mm From the shape of hysteresis loops, the doping effect on ferroelectric properties of potassium sodium strontium barium niobate crystals were revealed to have three categories: expansive, stable and shrink for Fe, Cu and others, respectively After the temperature recycle from 100 to 500K, the d33 value for Cu-doped crystal does not change, which suggest that the Cu ion is a good polarization stabilizer. The self-pumped phase conjugation refractivities for Ce, Co and Cu-doped crystals are much higher than the others. They are 70% at 514.5nm for Cu-doped, 73% at 514.5nm for Co-doped and 84% at 632.8nm for Ce-doped respectively.

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Koryukin, Vladimir A., and Victor P. Obrezumov. "Thermionics of Molybdenum Monocrystals Being Implanted by Cesium and Barium Ions." In 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (1992). 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/929431.

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Shu, G., N. Kurz, R. Bowler, S. Chong, M. Dietrich, G. Howell, A. Kleczewski, et al. "Development of single-photon source based on single trapped barium ions." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2007.jtub6.

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Ahmed, Mohamad Raheem, A. V. Lalitha Phani, M. Narsimha Chary, and Md Shareefuddin. "Optical and EPR studies of barium alumino borate glasses containing Cu2+ ions." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5032884.

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Hiskes, J. R., and A. M. Karo. "Generation of H−, H2 (v‘), and H atoms by H2+ and H3+ ions incident upon barium surfaces." In Production and neutralization of negative ions and beams. AIP, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.39653.

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Thrash, R. J., and L. F. Johnson. "Room temperature upconversion lasers in rare-earth doped crystals." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.mj1.

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Diode laser pumped, room temperature upconversion lasers are one possible route to ail solid-state visible wavelength laser devices. Room temperature, upconversion laser operation has been obtained by using barium yttrium fluoride doped with either thulium or erbium ions, and sensitized with ytterbium. The 960 nm output from a titanium sapphire laser or diode laser serves as the pump source. Excitation is accomplished by means of energy transfer from ytterbium to the active ion. Successive transfers of energy from ytterbium to the active ion, as well as cross-relaxation processes among the active ions, distribute the energy to the various excited states responsible for the laser emission. Laser operation has been obtained at wavelengths in the red, green, and blue regions of the visible spectrum. Several of these transitions are capable of cw operation. A discussion of the pumping processes and recent results will be presented.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Barium ions"

Fairbank, William. New Technique for Barium Daughter Ion Identification in a Liquid Xe-136 Double Beta Decay Experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1256102.

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