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1
Stefancic, Mitja, and Neophytos Kathitziotis. "An Evaluation Of Italian Banks In The Period Of Financial Distress." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2011): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v10i10.5989.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper evaluates the performance of Italian banks during the 2006-2009 period. Banks are analysed according to their business models and their main activities. The analysis focuses on both cooperative and commercial banks. By contrast to commercial banks, Italian cooperative banks do not perceive profit-making as a principle itself. These banks have been able to accumulate capital and provide credit to customers despite the ongoing crisis. On average, they manage their loan portfolio better than commercial banks. Findings suggest that cooperative banking in Italy should be encouraged due to its positive contribution to economic development and possibly financial stability.
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Barra, Cristian, and Roberto Zotti. "Market power and stability of financial institutions: evidence from the Italian banking sector." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 28, no. 2 (November 23, 2019): 235–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-05-2019-0055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between bank market power and stability of financial institutions in Italy between 2001 and 2012. The authors first test the existence of a U-shaped relationship between market power and financial stability. Second, they regress the market share indicator on bank risk-taking to underline whether financial stability is affected by increasing or decreasing the market power of banks. Third, they explore whether this relationship is affected by the size, level of capitalization and credit insolvency of banks. Design/methodology/approach Relying on highly territorially disaggregated data at labor market areas level, the authors estimate the impact of bank market power and other explanatory variables on a proxy of risk taking behavior such as the banking “stability inefficiency” derived simultaneously from the estimation of a stability stochastic frontier. Bank market power is taken into account through an individual measure based on loans. Financial stability is calculated through the Z-score. The authors use, as risk-taking measure, the stability inefficiency whose estimation approach is the stochastic frontier analysis. Findings The empirical evidence shows that the inefficiency of financial stability is found to be U-shaped related with respect to the measure of market power. Bank size is an essential factor in explaining the relationship between bank market power and risk-taking. Cooperative banks have fewer incentives to gain market power to better perform in term of risks. The reform of the cooperative banks that took recently place in Italy is not supported by the data. Originality/value The relationship between bank market power and financial stability has been analyzed using a rich sample of cooperative, commercial and popular banks in Italy over the 2001-2012 period. The authors rely on labor market areas being sub-regional geographical areas where the bulk of the labor force lives and works. The paper investigates the market power-stability link considering both cooperative and non-cooperative banks. Indeed, specific attention has been paid on cooperative banks because of their mission in favor of the local community as only few studies, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, examine cooperative banking.
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Stefancic, Mitja. "Competitive Advantages and Challenges in the Italian Cooperative Credit System." STUDI ECONOMICI, no. 102 (June 2011): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ste2010-102004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cooperative credit banks were established in the mid-19th century to overcome problems of opportunistic behaviour by borrowers. In Italy, they are currently playing a major role for the financial system and for the economy. They provide credit to individuals and households, as well as capital to small firms from sectors such as agriculture. These banks relate to a cooperative credit network that grants them an adequate level of competitiveness in the market. By effectively implementing democratic principles of governance and by focusing on relationship banking, they foster responsible behaviour, a crucial concept in times of crisis. This paper accounts for both the competitive advantages and the challenges faced by Italian cooperative credit banks. It suggests that a better understanding of their specifics would help to highlight the contribution of a sound cooperation to economics. Finally, it provides policy recommendations for a qualitative supervision of cooperative banks in order to increase the stability of the financial system.
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Sri Ram, P., and P. Ramachentrayar. "A Study on Role of Customer Relationship Managemen in Rural Cooperative Bank in Madurai District." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 9, S1-May (May 14, 2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v9is1-may.5937.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In India, the banking business is become more and more complex and tremendously changes from the liberalization and globalization. Rural development is the process of improving the quality of life and economic well being of people living in rural areas. In past decades, the government has taken initial steps of accelerating the rural areas development and welfare activities. The opening of new bank, the customer creation is very important one and develops to maintain the relationship is difficult. Customer relationship management is helpful to remove these difficulty in various aspect of services provided to the people. CRM facilitates the cooperative banks to provide one to one services and also maintain the transactions security of the customers. The main purpose of CRM in cooperative banking sector is to create and keep customer and view the entire banking transactions as consisting of highly integrated effort to create and satisfy the customer needs. A customer satisfaction is silent advertiser of cooperative banks product. In this study, the researcher has analyze the customer satisfaction of cooperative banking services in rural areas and what they are expecting form cooperative banks etc. It helps to bring out the results related to benefit cooperative banks to build better CRM services to rural areas. CRM facilitates the cooperative banks to provide one to one services and also maintain the transactions security of the customers.
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Quintiliani, Andrea. "FINANCIAL CRISIS AND LOCAL BANKS: A REVIEW OF BANK-FIRM RELATIONSHIPS IN ITALY." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 3 (2017): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i3c1art10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper focuses on bank-firm relationship in an economic deeply changing environment. The objectives of the paper are two-fold: to understand, compared to the overall banking system, if the lending activities and economic-financial performances of Italian local banks have changed after the outbreak of the financial crisis; and to understand what are the conditions that allow to develop a model of a local bank capable of supporting the development routes of SMEs, by an appropriate risk/return profile. In order to answer the first research question, the paper presented an empirical analysis, covering the period 2007-2011, of Italian Cooperative Credit Banks (a particular category of local banks) compared with the system of bank groups with operability spread over much of the Italian territory and not. The empirical comparative analysis has the aim to see the effects of the crisis on the relationship bank-firm through the reading of the impact on the dynamics of lending and on the profiles of structure, riskiness, profitability and efficiency of the banks under examination. In order to provide an answer to the second research question, the paper provides some insight of evolutionary nature reflection in the bank-firm relationship. In accordance with the doctrinal postulates of the relationship lending the empirical analysis shows how the financial then real crisis has not induced Cooperative Credit Banks to restrict credit to local firms. The survey evidences have however highlighted some critical elements that are reflected inevitably on the local bank’s risk-return profile. Based only on quantitative data of statement, the empirical analysis represents a limit in this kind of research. This paper is useful to stimulate the debate of experts as well as to focus on the studies of local banks in particular in the light of their anti-cyclic role. Even if abounding in subjects about local banks and relationship lending literature faces only marginally the effects of global crisis on business profiles of local banks.
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Lal, Tarsem. "Impact of financial inclusion on poverty alleviation through cooperative banks." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 5 (May 14, 2018): 808–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-05-2017-0194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of financial inclusion on poverty alleviation through cooperative banks. Design/methodology/approach In order to fulfil the objectives of the study, primary data were collected from 540 beneficiaries of cooperative banks operating in three northern states of India, i.e., J&K, Himachal Pradesh (HP) and Punjab using purposive sampling during July-December 2015. The technique of factor analysis had been used for summarisation of the total data into minimum factors. For checking the validity and reliability of the data, the second-order CFA was performed. Statistical techniques like one-way ANOVA, t-test and SEM were used for data analysis. Findings The study results reveal that financial inclusion through cooperative banks has a direct and significant impact on poverty alleviation. The study highlights that access to basic financial services such as savings, loans, insurance, credit, etc., through financial inclusion has generated a positive impact on the lives of the poor and help them to come out of the clutches of poverty. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted amidst few limitations. First, the in-depth analysis of the study is restricted to three northern states only because of limited resources and time availability. Second, the study is limited to the perception of financial inclusion beneficiaries only, which, in future, could be carried further on the perception of other stakeholders such as bank officials, business correspondents, village panchayats, etc. Originality/value The study makes contribution towards the financial inclusion literature relating to poverty alleviation and fulfils the research gap to some extent by assessing the impact of financial inclusion on poverty alleviation through cooperative banks. This paper can help the policymakers and other stakeholders of cooperative banks in promoting banking habits among poor rural households both at the national and international level.
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Cerrone, Rosaria. "Editorial Note." Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review 2, no. 2 (2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsrv2i2_editorial.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The recent issue of the journal Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review is devoted to the issues of corporate governance and value of family-owned businesses, cooperative banks’ M&A, CG and sustainability for businesses and for social development etc.
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Wadhwa, Ritu, and Kartik Ramaswamy. "Impact of NPA on Profitability of Banks." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences 4, no. 3 (May 28, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2020.v04i03.001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main source of growth for Indian Economy is Banks. Everyone has different needs like someone require loan to buy a house, to buy an equipment for farming etc. and these needs are fulfilled by the financial sector of India which comprises of banks, NBFC, cooperative societies etc. NPA (Non-Performing Asset) is a critical factor which has adversely impacted the development and growth of the economy. This research discusses the impact of NPAs on the profits of banks. This research attempts to analyze the impact of few important financial heads on NPAs of banks and to suggest on effective management of NPAs. According to RBI data, five banks (public and private) with highest NPAs were taken for the study for period 2014-2015 to 2018-2019. The research applied correlation analysis to compute the relationship between net profits and NPAs and multiple regression analysis to determine the impact of important financial heads on NPAs.
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'Hearn, Brian A. "Could Southern Italians Cooperate? Banche Popolari in the Mezzogiorno." Journal of Economic History 60, no. 1 (March 2000): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700024657.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent work by Robert Putnam has revived a contentious debate about the role of culture in Italian regional disparities. Southern Italy is argued to have been locked in an impoverishing, no-trust equilibrium. This article explores an apparent exception to Putnam's historical evidence: the South's late-nineteenth-century cooperative banks (banche popolari). Econometric investigation reveals important differences in the strategy and performance of these banks in North and South during the crucial decade of the 1890s, and shows that these differences cannot be attributed to differences in the local environment. In fact, the evidence is broadly consistent with Putnam's hypothesis.
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Bartolacci, Francesca, Andrea Cardoni, Piotr Łasak, and Wojciech Sadkowski. "An analytical framework for strategic alliance formation between a cooperative bank and a fintech start-up: An Italian case study." Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation 18, no. 4 (2022): 115–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7341/20221844.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PURPOSE: The paper aims to identify the characteristics of the entities involved, the motivations and the processes of forming strategic alliances between a small cooperative bank and a fintech start-up. The paper bridges the research gap in the literature and explains the success factors of strategic alliance between considered entities. METHODOLOGY: We applied a typical qualitative research approach that consists of two steps. The first step was to develop an analytical framework to understand the critical success factors for the strategic alliance formation between banks and fintech start-ups. In the second step, we applied the analytical framework for a case study analysis, considering the strategic alliance between the Banca Popolare di Cortona and the NetFintech start-up. FINDINGS: Our research shows that there are different motives for strategic alliance formation for banks and fintech start-ups. From a theoretical point of view, banks’ motivations are based on outsourcing, innovation, the evolution of the business model, competitive advantage, saving costs, improving service quality, and learning. The main motives for fintechs include access to customers, loans, banking license, economies of scale, trust, and credibility. In the empirical part, we found that the crucial success factors are strategic alignment and hybridization, competence and experience, cultural value and territorial closeness, and professionalism. IMPLICATIONS: The results develop the knowledge about the best conditions for cooperative banks and fintech start-ups strategic alliances. The main limitation is that the paper is based only on one case study and it is related to cooperative banks and does not embrace other groups of banks. For this reason, it can be a basis for further research in this area. The described case study can be a good example to compare other cases of such alliances. Cooperative banks and fintech start-ups involved in a strategic alliance should share the commitment at the governance level. Critical are also the procedures of the alliance formation. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This article provides two main contributions to the literature on the technology-driven transformations of the banking sector. First, we elaborated a theoretical framework of the critical success factors for the bank and fintech start-up strategic alliance formation. Second, we applied the framework with the bank–fintech start-up cooperation in the local market in Italy. Contrary to previous research, which focuses mainly on commercial banks, this article presents the relationship between cooperative banks and fintech start-ups.
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PACELLI, VINCENZO, FRANCESCA PAMPURINI, and STEFANIA SYLOS LABINI. "THE PECULIARITY OF THE COOPERATIVE AND MUTUAL MODEL: EVIDENCE FROM THE EUROPEAN BANKING SECTOR." Journal of Financial Management, Markets and Institutions 07, no. 01 (June 2019): 1940001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2282717x19400012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The crucial role of mutual banks in promoting local development is highlighted by an extensive theoretical and empirical literature. The historical success of mutual banks derives not only from their specific business model, but also from their peculiar and distinguishing corporate governance with member ownership. According to a copious literature, these features have probably allowed mutual banks to better withstand financial crisis. This work compares the cost efficiency of European mutual banks by analyzing a sample which consists of the universe of all the banks operating in Italy, Germany, France and Spain over the period 2011–2016, by employing a stochastic approach (Stochastic Frontier Analysis-SFA) to determine the effects of the recent financial crisis on the efficiency level of this particular kind of bank. The analysis aims to point out the determinants of efficiency in order to understand if the mutual model reveals to be still attractive in the modern banking system. The main contribution of the paper to previous literature consists in comparing different impacts of financial crisis on efficiency of mutual banks in main European countries. Furthermore, the results enrich the recent debate about the cooperative and mutual banking system and its raison d’être. Our results show that the European mutual banks reveal a higher degree of efficiency with respect to commercial banks. Cost efficiency appears to be significantly and negatively related to the level of regulatory capital, the level of credit risk, the level of leverage and the cost-income ratio. On the other hand, it is significantly and positively related to the profitability of the traditional lending activity, to the level of prudence in terms of provisions against credit risk and to the amount of liquidity as a buffer against unexpected troubles.
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Lamichhane, Baburam. "Women Participation and Role of Co-Operative in Financial Inclusion of the Women Inside Pokhara Metropolis." KIC International Journal of Social Science and Management 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kicijssm.v2i1.62476.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Co-Operatives are economic entity; they deliver the opportunity for poor people to raise their revenues. Financial inclusion is fundamental for building a comprehensive money-related financial system as well as the overall inclusive economy of the Nation and it will be provided by financial institutions like banks, co-operatives, finance, etc. Among them, this study has been focused on the Satyeta Saving and Credit Co-operative, located in Pokhara 26 Kaski, with the objectives: to explore the proportion of financial inclusion of women caste-wise, to measure the services provided by the cooperative to promote investment and enterprises, to analyze the financial eminence of the women afterwards involvement in the co-operative and to analyze the societal prestige of the women after connection in the co-operative. This study mainly concentrated on women because women are being differentiated against in every aspect of society. Many reasons strapped women to the back of the development. In this co-operative, there are 628 members among them 324 are female which is the population of this study and out of them, 90 were nominated as a sample of this study, exhausting a simple random sampling method, selected by lottery method. By means of a questionnaire the data were composed and contingent applying statistical tools like mean, percentage, etc. This study catches that the cooperative has no methods to the Dalits and back-warded women so less number of Dalits women was convoluted in this cooperative. Young and married women were intricate in these co-operatives from the initial date but they were involved for the bonus rather than enterprises and business. The women have accounts in others banks and they essential facilities like ATMs and other services which will not deliver by the cooperative. The existence of this cooperative in financial inclusion seems dispossessed, although the economic and social pointers of the women are not in a decreasing situation. Finally, women were busy in other banks and financial institutions so the changes arising due to other banks or particularly from this cooperative are problematic to recognize which is the limitation of this study. Where a single financial institution runs, and service delivered by the institution is to be dignified to mark the study more critical in a remote area.
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Bruno, Elena, and Giuseppina Iacoviello. "Corporate governance and performance: A study of the reform of cooperative credit system in Italy." Corporate Ownership and Control 18, no. 1, Special Issue (2020): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv18i1siart11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the paper is to identify and discuss the suitability of the corporate governance structure of the Cooperative Banking Group (CBG) for preserving the distinctive characteristics of the cooperative credit banks (CCBs), such as mutuality and localism, as well as for guaranteeing the levels of capitalization, respecting the overall performance objectives. The analysis methodology uses a case study. The paper provides some reflections on the possible impacts of a radical change in the Italian cooperative credit system following the 2016 reform. The pilot model needs further adjustments in itinere, based on rigorous empirical tests conducted to confer on it the characteristics of universal applicability in the context of the CCBs. The major contribution of the paper is evident from the resulting interpretative process; the analysis conducted on a case study allows us to highlight the importance of the organizational dimension in the CCBs; the performances achieved by these, although with some distinctions throughout the Italian territory, are the result of the adequacy of the governance structures and the corporate control functions, which, even when partly outsourced, are always rigorously inspired by the logic of interconnection among those responsible for the functions themselves
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Arcidiacono, Davide. "Promises and Failures of the Cooperative Food Retail System in Italy." Social Sciences 7, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7110232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The food market is experiencing a period of deep tensions between farmers, food companies, and retailers across the world. This is particularly true in Italy, a Mediterranean country with a strong agricultural tradition and a great interest in the food market. The largest market weight in terms of food retail in Italy is held by national chains linked to the cooperative movement (Coop and Conad) that has promised to ensure more collaborative and less imbalanced relationships between producers and distributors, along with a stronger connection to the territory and socially responsible corporate management. The Coop is currently the biggest cooperative in Italy. Its increasing power in the Italian food retail system has caused it to behave like an oligopoly that has exploited its proximity to left-wing parties to obtain an advantageous position in some markets (ex: Emilia, Liguria, etc.). Equally alarming is a growing financialization which has led to the bankruptcy of CoopCa and Coop Operaie of Trieste, affecting approximately 20,000 investors. The recent crisis in food retail is redirecting firms’ strategies and producing new forms of food distribution such as Alternative Food Networks that are trying to restore the mission and values of the old consumer cooperatives.
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Giliberto, Camillo. "Covid-19 crisis and its impacts on the economic and financial sector." Risk Management Magazine 16, no. 3 (December 2021): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2020rmm0098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The World Bank data confirm that the recovery scenario will be different depending on the type of nation, the fundamentals of its economy, etc.. The Bank of Italy expects a growth of more than 4% for Italy at the end of 2021. The Italian banking system has shown great flexibility in dealing with the coronavirus emergency, taking a completely different form from the last in 2008 recession, when credit institutions were part of the problem. With their new social role, today in fact they are leading players. The health of the banking sector has also changed compared to 2008, with a stronger capital position, underlying the substantial resilience of the ecosystem and a more advanced expertise in NPL management. The role of the banks operating in Italy has been and will be to support firms, households and the growth of the economy with the sound and prudent distribution of credit, the offer of modern and efficient payment services thanks also to new technologies, business advice to companies for the development and internationalization. A clear evolution is opening up for banks in post-Covid towards digital business with a growing commitment in terms of investments in information technology.
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Coccorese, Paolo, and Giovanni Ferri. "Are mergers among cooperative banks worth a dime? Evidence on efficiency effects of M&As in Italy." Economic Modelling 84 (January 2020): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.04.002.
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Chaudhari, V. M., and Mayuri Farmer. "AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF STATE CO-OPERATIVE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS AND AFFILIATED PRIMARY COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS IN INDIA." Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 33, no. 1 (June 25, 2022): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2022.33.1.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In India,the Rural Co-operative credit structure includes 'Short Term Co-operative Credit Structure' and 'Long Term Co-operative Credit Structure'. LTCCS comprises SCARDBs (State Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks) and PCARDBs (Primary Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks), which mainly dispenses long term investment credit to farmers. As on 31st March 2020, the total number of operational units of fully functional 13 SCARDBs is 1719. Total members of LTCCS are 86.04 lakhs. NABARD continues to be the main source of funds for SCARDBs. Borrowings of functional SCARDBs stood at Rs. 7763.44 crores during the year 2019-20. Except Tripura SCARDB 12 out of 13 fully functional SCARDBs are now mobilizing deposits. The fund raised by the SCARDBs consist of borrowings, deposits and shares etc. which are utilized mainly for advancing loans and repayment to NABARD & other creditors. During 2019-20, total advances of SCARDBs were Rs. 3923.37 crores for farm & non-farm sectors. SCARDBs invest their funds to comply with statutory requirements as well as to deploy surplus funds. Most of the investment are parked either in fixed deposits with SCBs / CBs / DCCBs or other instruments such as Government Securities, NABARD bonds etc. Eight SCARDBs have achieved profit in 2019-20. The ground level recovery of SCARDBs is 38.60%. This structure needs to chalk out suitable and time bound viability action plans. They have to focus their attention towards improving the recovery performance for better rotation of funds lent. These banks need their attention towards improving quality of their assets and take all out steps to reduce their NPA level (34.42%) substantially to become eligible for refinance from NABARD. LTCCS is losing its importance in the policies and programs of Government, RBI, NABARD etc., due to its declining performance in the last ten years, in specific in the recent four years from 2017-18. Major areas of concern which are hampering the progress of SCARDBs & PCARDBs shall be tackled with immediate corrective steps.
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Grignani, Anna, Michela Gozzellino, Alessandro Sciullo, and Dario Padovan. "Community Cooperative: A New Legal Form for Enhancing Social Capital for the Development of Renewable Energy Communities in Italy." Energies 14, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 7029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates the suitability of the community cooperatives (CC) model for the implementation of renewable energy communities (REC), as prescribed by art. 22 of EU Directive 2018/2001, and temporarily transposed into the Italian law by art. 42-bis of the Law Decree n. 162/2019. The hypothesis explored analyses the potential synergies between RECs and CC, based on their similarities. In particular, the article takes into consideration: the actors involved in both the RECs and the CCs; the geographical scope in which they develop, and the purposes that these two legal forms intended to achieve. Through a literature review and the analysis of EU, national and regional legislations, the paper aims at (1) clarifying the main features of RECs and the CCs in Italy; (2) exploring the main differences between CCs and the other legal forms of cooperative (e.g., mutual cooperative, cooperative benefit, etc.) and assessing the extent to which CCs are more suitable to implement renewable energy communities. As a result of the literature and regulatory review, several similarities between CCs and RECs can be detected, particularly, in reference to the strategic valorization of the cooperation between citizens and the local public entities. These similarities allow the authors to provisionally conclude that, in Italy, CCs may be adopted as a tool to implement RECs.
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Faccia, Alessio, Narcisa Roxana Moşteanu, Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere, and Gabriele Santis. "The rise of online banks in Italy “WIDIBA Bank” Case Study." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 4, no. 2 (2020): 80–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.4(2).80-97.2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The digitalization of technologies for the functioning of the country’s economy, in particular banking institutions, has made a significant impetus to accelerate their development. It is stated that the use of advanced information technologies in the banking sector of the economy (which was gradually formalized into the concept of “online banking”) has greatly facilitated the implementation of financial transactions, in particular, minimized the physical circulation of money. The purpose of the article is to study the features and principles of online banking on the example of the Italian bank WIDIBA. Methodical support of the paper includes a method of analysis of specific situations. The key components of the case method of the study are research on the basis of literature review; formalization of key theses (issues) in the context of the unresolved part of the study; accumulation and analysis of collected information; identification of key features of the issue. This research was carried out in the light of two aspects: the strategic principles of the spread of online banking in Italy; digital technologies in the context of the strategic perspective of the Italian bank WIDIBA. The paper considers the historical aspects of the introduction and use of online banking services. It is noted that in Italy today there are 207 publicly registered commercial establishments, of which 81 are located abroad, and 6 operate mostly in the format of providing online banking services. The object of this research is the activity of the Italian bank WIDIBA, which is justified by its valuable practical experience in formalizing a plan of adequate timely strategy for entering the market of online banking services on the basis of a carefully developed development strategy. The theoretical researches were carried out in the work, in particular, in the following directions: definition of strategic actions of bank establishment according to a time lag of functioning; analysis of the budget of the banking institution (net profitability, interest margin, operating and administrative expenses, etc.); analysis of the income statement of the bank (the ratio of net profit and loss, interest margin and brokerage margin); work with financial report or balance sheet data on the structure of assets, liabilities, and investments, retained earnings; study of trend dynamics of cash flows (operational, financial, investment and free cash flows). Excellent strategies are analyzed, which demonstrate how the banking sector is extremely dynamic and, that technological investments still allow easier access to new operators in case of the implementation of innovation strategies. Keywords: Online banks; online banking; electronic banking; fintech; financial services; WIDIBA; banking sector; banks’ strategies.
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Herawati, Novy Rachma, and Andik Susanto. "Pemberdayaan Koperasi Sebagai Alternatif Pembiayaan Masyarakat Desa Kare Menuju Desa Mandiri." JURNAL DAYA-MAS 6, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/dymas.v6i1.56.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract— Cooperatives according to Law No. 25 of 1992 concerning Business Entities consisting of people or Cooperative Legal Entities by basing their activities based on Cooperative principles involved in the economic field based on family principles. There are various types of cooperatives in Indonesia, as well as cooperatives in Kare Village, Kare District, Madiun Regency, which are meant by Milk Cooperatives, KUD (Village Cooperative Units), Kopwan (Women's Cooperatives), etc. The methods used in this service are lectures, training and also mentoring. The objectives approved by this service are: a) The DesaKare community discusses the importance of cooperatives or becoming members of cooperatives related to community access can cope, b) Communities understand the process of building cooperatives and find out what should be done on cooperatives, this is a provision for the community to study cooperatives, c). Cooperative problems that have been dealt with so far, this is caused by the existence of information and assistance carried out continuously in assisting cooperatives that have difficulties, d) Growing public awareness of access that requires funds from banks in this strict financing and maintenance either in collateral or filling in Monitoring by Bank Indonesia (BI), e). The community becomes educated in this case is in choosing the management of the cooperative so that cooperative problems can be minimized, f). Revive the spirit of mutual cooperation and help each other in the community through cooperative assistance and also foster enthusiasm in deliberation in decision making. Keywords—: Cooperatives; Village Communities; Financing.
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Singh, Rajesh. "Attitude Change Through Training : A Follow-Up Study." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 2, no. 1 (January 1998): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722629x98002001007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article highlights the role of training in bringing about attitude change. It focusses upon the impact of imparting behavioural skills through a training programme to bring about attitude change leading to better performance with specific reference to three work related attitudes: Positive Attitude towards work, Personalised Attitude and Cooperative Attitude. The study was conducted on 35 (Thirty Five) officers belonging to different Central/State Government/PSU/Nationalised Banks etc. The results showed that training does bring about a change in attitudes. Credibility of the communicator; Experience based training through Management Games/Exercises and Group Discussion emerged as factors fascilitating the attitude change. The implications of the study are also discussed.
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Anwar, Almualim. "Cooperative investment problem with an authoritative risk determined by Central Bank." Annals of Mathematics and Physics 5, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/amp.000050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we are interested to provide an analytic solution for cooperative investment risk with an authoritative risk determined by the central Bank. This problem plays an important role in solving cooperative investment problems in an investment sector such as insurance companies or banks etc and keeping in our mind the effect of a risk determined by the central Bank which has not been done before. We reformulate cooperative investment risk by writing dual representation for each risk preference (Coherent risk measure) for each agent (investor). Finding an analytic solution for this problem for both cases individual and cooperative investment problem by using dual representation for each risk preference has a strong effect on the financial market. Moreover, we find the equilibrium allocation in terms of an equilibrium price by formulating the optimization problem in the case of equilibrium with an initial endowment for each agent’s ’investor’. In addition, formulate a problem that covers the risk minimization problem with an expected return constraint and expected return maximization problem with risk constraint, in both individual and cooperative investment cases, for the general case of an arbitrary joint distribution for the asset return under certain conditions and assuming that all coherent risk measure is continuous from below. Thus, the optimal portfolio is written as the optimal Lagrange multiplier associated with an equality-constrained dual problem. Furthermore, a unique equilibrium allocation as a fair optimal allocation solution in terms of equilibrium price density function for each agent (investor) is also shown.
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Ramachentrayar, P., and P. Sri Ram. "A Study on Customers’ Satisfaction with E-Banking Services with Special Reference to the Madurai District Central Cooperative Bank LTD." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 9, S1-May (May 14, 2022): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v9is1-may.5949.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The banker you want to supplement should rely more on efficient services and coordinate relationships with clients. The only factor that differentiates the service of one bank from the other is “customer satisfaction” related to the services provided by the bank. This is the most important factor that influences the choice of the bank. The success of banks basically depends on customer satisfaction in relation to new technological services provided by banks. The banking industry is driven mainly by customers, and their survival in a competitive environment depends largely on new technological services provided by them. Technology plays a fundamental role in improving the quality of services provided by banking sectors. One of the technologies that really brought information to the revolution in society is internet technology and, for good reason, is considered the third wave of resolution after the agricultural and industrial revolution. The emergence and adoption of the Internet by the banking sector has eliminated the limitation of time, distance and communication, making the world a real village. Internet banking from anywhere, at any time and used for transactions, payments, etc. On the Internet via a bank, cash register or secure company website. Therefore, basically in online banking, the customer has a one-to-one interaction with the bank’s parties, in which case it is important for the bank to provide high quality services on the Internet. Therefore, unlike the traditional banking sector, online banking involves interpersonal interaction between clients and the online banking system.
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Spahija, Fidane. "The Investment and Net Interest Margin: Case Study Commercial Banks in Kosovo." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i2.p117-126.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Kosovo, but in all developing countries, the foreign investment is the locomotive of the country that considered as the most important economic sectors. In general it can be concluded that most of the investment originates from developed countries and that these investments return to these places. Origin of investments in Kosovo mainly comes from countries such as Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Great Britain, Switzerland, Turkey, the Netherlands, Albania, Serbia, USA, France, Macedonia, Croatia, Cyprus, Norway, Italy, Greece etc. The banking sector in Kosovo has been very attractive to the foreign investors. A total of nine commercial banks, seven are foreign owned. Foreign investments are primarily generated as investments in shares of foreign shareholders from different countries of the world. Investments in securities have increased by the banking sector in 2014. With the change of the interest rate it has also changed net interest margin of the banking sector. Interest on loans and deposits has continued to decline. Especially interest rates on deposits in 2014 have fallen to 1. 1%. This linked to the investment bank in securities of our government as the initiator in this area but cannot be denied to the investment of foreign governments. With the decrease of credit interest rate will be the development of sustainable economic growth and boost investment.
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Cucinelli, Doriana. "Can speed kill?" Journal of Risk Finance 17, no. 5 (November 21, 2016): 562–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-03-2016-0035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This study aims to analyze bank lending behavior before and during the most recent financial crisis. Banks are more willing to grant loans during economic expansion. However, this behavior can result in reduced portfolio asset quality. The analysis tries to facilitate understanding of whether this relationship is always true. A second aim of the study is to highlight whether the impact of credit risk on bank lending behavior during a financial crisis is greater for banks that grew faster during the pre-crisis period than for other banks. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on a sample of banks in Italy, an example of a country undergoing a credit crunch without a lending bubble burst. The methodology is based on a panel regression and author uses different models to test his hypothesis: an ordinary least squares, a fixed effect, a least absolute regression and a Generalized Method of Momentum (GMM). This allows to mitigate some of the endogeneity problems. Findings The essay shows that effectively, most of the banks that grew faster during a pre-crisis period show a higher growth of non-performing loans and a greater reduction in lending activity during a financial crisis. However, 34 per cent of banks that grew faster during a pre-crisis period have a low growth of non-performing loans in the subsequent years. Finally, the results suggest that credit risk negatively affects bank lending behavior, but a higher impact relative to fast banks with respect to other banks cannot be emphasized. Practical implications Findings have some policy implications. First, given the adverse effect of the increase of non-performing loans (NPLs) on the bank’s lending activity and on the broad economy in general, there is merit to strengthen supervision to prevent a further increase and accumulation of NPLs in the bank’s credit portfolio. In addition, the supervisors could require that banks take always high credit standard when extend credit, both during positive economic cycle and during period of contraction. The using of higher credit standard could be helpful in the reduction of the pro-cyclicality of bank’s lending behavior and credit risk. Furthermore, the fact that high level of NPLs continues to impact on the bank’s lending activity and that this activity is very important for the economic recovery underlines that banks should clean-up their credit portfolios as soon as possible. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature in various ways. The study analyzes the cyclical effect of credit growth, i.e. banks increase their bank lending behavior during good times, which leads to an increase in bad loans and a high credit risk in their portfolio. These cyclical effects are not knowingly studied together, but the literature usually analyzes the single steps of the cycle. Second, studying listed and unlisted banks allows to have a more representative sample and to analyze better the real bank lending activity considering both commercial than cooperative banks.
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Gopal, Supragya Krishan, and Syed H. Mazhar. "Socio-Economic study of the Beneficiaries and Non-Beneficiaries of Kisan Credit Card Scheme in Kannuaj District of Uttar Pradesh, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 10 (October 19, 2023): 842–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i102233.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The studies of socio-economic characteristics of farmers are important for better policy options. The Kannuaj district of Uttar Pradesh is also an agriculture dominated region. Approximately 70% of the rural population of Uttar Pradesh is engaged in primary sector but at present agriculture sector is facing lots of problems such as credit, irrigation HYVs and other capital equipments etc. Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme playing a significant role in the development of agriculture Sector because the objective of the scheme is to eliminate exploitations of the farmers by the moneylenders by providing the farmers loans at cheaper rates of Interest. Kisan Credit Card (KCC) is very useful policy for rural development because these policy as the only medium of short-term credit for agriculture. From the year 1998-99, the scheme was implemented by public sector commercial banks, RRBs (Regional Rural Banks) and cooperative banks in the country. The present paper is aimed to study role of Kisan Credit Card scheme in the rural credit facilitation and impact of KCC scheme on socio-economic status of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries in Kannuaj district of Uttar Pradesh. It is found that 36.08 per cent beneficiaries were from high socio-economic status group while 43.03 per cent beneficiaries were from medium and 20.89 per cent were in low socio-economic status group. In non-beneficiaries, 27.32 per cent were from high socio-economic status group while 37.34 per cent non beneficiaries were from medium socio-economic status group. 35.44 per cent non beneficiaries were from lower socio-economic group.
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Selvaraju, P. "Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) of Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu: An Empirical Study." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 7, no. 2 (August 5, 2018): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2018.7.2.1327.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Co-operation is a special method of doing work jointly and suits the poor more than the rich. The rich, however, are not precluded from coming with its fold. All those who want to co-operate must, as a condition precedent, have a common need and to fulfill it, should agree to work selflessly. The origin of Indian Co-operative Credit Movement can be traced as far back as to 1844 as per the Report of Woodhead Famine Commission of Bengal Province. The said commission recommended that credit should be given at low rate of interest to the needy people. The Maclagan Committee’s recommendations (1914) have much to contribute in evolving the urban cooperative credit movement and such banks have started developing in all the states of the nation. Banking is a service industry. The main objective of the banking is to provide the financial support to its customers / members in co-operatives. The Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) occupy a significant place in the urban credit movement. The urban co-operative credit movement started in India with the chief object of catering to the banking and credit requirements of the urban middle class. The expanding NPAs in banking Industry are a major concern for banking industry. NPAs affect the performance of banks and growth in NPA which bring down the entire profitability of the sector. In backlash of this situation, the core objectives of this empirical study to bring the real status and conditions of Non-Preforming Assets in Urban Co-operative Banks in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu. Further, the study can explore the factual outlook and effects of the same on different heads such as assets classifications (Standard asset, sub-standard, Doubtful Assets 1(D1),D2 and D3 Assets, Loss Assets, Sector-wise analysis, Gross and Net NPAs etc., all about, the findings of this empirical study can give a better understanding about the sector to the people who are associated with academic, research scholars, banking professionals, policy makers and consultant are in particular and allied groups are in general.
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Balamurugan, J., Gloria Mary Johns, Priyamvada Das, and Prithvijit Basu. "Utilization of PM Street Vendor's AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PMSVANidhi) and Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) by the Urban Informal Sector." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 29, no. 7 (June 28, 2023): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2023/v29i71765.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: PMSVAnidhi and PM Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana are two schemes which were designed to help improve the quality of the lives of the people working in urban informal sectors. The COVID-19 has had a huge impact on everyone’s daily life including the urban informal sector employees, but these schemes when found to have been implemented in a disastrous situation like this, was found to be rather disadvantageous due to some loopholes and lacunae in the designing of the scheme, rendering them useless to its beneficiaries.
Objectives: This study will evaluate the government-aided programs created to help people in the urban informal sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, and see how well they've been beneficial to the people. It was also intended to find further slits in the designs and its implementation by the authorities, other than already the existing ones.
Methodology: This study was conducted mainly through secondary literature sources such as review and research paper, electronic journals, etc.
Findings: In case of PMSVAnidhi, it was found that due to inadequate information on registration forms or a lack of knowledge, registration declined in several states, and public sector banks dispersed maximum loans, with private sector, rural, and cooperative banks contributing the most meager figures. At the same time due to people not obtaining claims and people receiving low rates, PMJJBY enrollments decreased every year. Thus, this study has shown that these schemes aren’t always fool-proof and these loopholes tend to be misused and deleterious in unfavorable times where these schemes can really help its beneficiaries.
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Benzagouta, Mohamed-Lamine, Hasnaâ Aniss, Hacène Fouchal, and Nour-Eddin El Faouzi. "Road-Side Unit Anomaly Detection." Vehicles 5, no. 4 (October 20, 2023): 1467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles5040080.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Actors of the Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) generate various amounts of data. Useful information on various issues such as anomalies, failures, road profiles, etc., could be revealed from the analysis of these data. The analysis, could be managed by operators and vehicles, and its output could be very helpful for future decision making. In this study, we collected real data extracted from road operators. We analyzed these streams in order to verify whether abnormal behaviors could be observed in the data. Our main target was a very sensitive C-ITS failure, which is when a road-side unit (RSU) experiences transmission failure. The detection of such failure is to be achieved by end users (vehicles), which in turn would inform road operators which would then recover the failure. The data we analyzed were collected from various roads in Europe (France, Germany, and Italy) with the aim of studying the RSUs’ behavior. Our mechanism offers compelling results regarding the early detection of RSU failures. We also proposed a new C-ITS message dedicated to raise alerts to road operators when required.
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Shawl, Sana. "An Analysis of Microfinance in Kashmir." SMS Journal of Enterpreneurship & Innovation 4, no. 01 (December 20, 2017): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21844/smsjei.v4i01.10800.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most important objectives of development planning in India is poverty alleviation. Various approaches to alleviate poverty have been undertaken by the Government of India. The agenda for financial inclusion involves creating specific environment through which the poor across the country have open, safe, secure and affordable access to various financial products. Microfinanceis one such strategy for inclusive growth, which can be explained as provision of financial services such as loans, savings, insurance, financial literacy, etc. Those who promote the concept of microfinance as an inclusive development tool believe that such unrestricted access will help in poverty alleviation and uniform growth. Various steps have been taken in this direction since Independence by Government, Financial Institutions, Microfinance Institutions, and NGOs which include SHG-Bank Linkage Programme as one such initiative.Microfinance in J&K is still in its initial stage; from the formal sources like Public Sector Commercial Banks, District Cooperative Societies, Regional Rural Banks and Private Sector Commercial Banks, which provide microfinance services to few thousand SHGs formed in theState and it is in this direction that the present study has been undertaken in Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir accounts for 1.04 percent of the total population of India but its contribution to the national income is mere 0.7 percent. In this backdrop, micro finance has emerged as one of the tools in Jammu and Kashmir State for poverty mitigation against economic backwardness and political turmoil being witnessed over two decades now. The study attempts to assess the role of microfinance in Kashmir with emphasis on analyzing the performance of Self Help Groups in terms of growth, employment, improvement in living standards and so on. The study shows that microfinance has played a positive role in the valley. In Jammu and Kashmir, microfinance plays an important role in women empowerment of the poor and widows but a lot more needs to be done in this direction
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Alekseenkova, E. "Italy in the Mediterranean: the “Middle Power” Dilemmas." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 1 (2022): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-1-80-90.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyzes the policy of the Italian Republic in the Mediterranean during the first and second cabinet of Giuseppe Conte through the prism of the “middle power” concept. Relying on the methods of event-analysis and discourse analysis, the author identifies a number of factors that affect Italy’s ability to realize its national interests in the region. Among them, the most important are: the growing contradictions within the Euro-Atlantic bloc (the EU and NATO) on the current regional dynamic and the aggravation of geopolitical competition in the region; the reactive rather than strategic nature of Rome’s politics; the increasing use of “hard power” as a tool for achieving national interests by regional players. The author argues that in these geopolitical conditions, the room for maneuver of a “middle power” is narrowing while the need to “take a side” in current conflicts makes the politics of “equidistance” no longer available, which is contrary to the geo-economic interests of Rome. The collapse of the bipolar system and the evolution of international relations towards anarchy rather than multipolarity led to the fact that at the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, both the U.S. and the EU have virtually lost a strategic vision of their relationship with the Mediterranean region. Both NATO and the EU demonstrate a growing failure to develop a common view of regional dynamics and a common approach to resolving current conflicts. Under these circumstances, the strategy of a “middle power”, which Italy has been following for several decades, is becoming less and less productive. Maintaining the “status”, “presence” and “voice” in the existing multilateral formats no longer makes it possible to act as a mediator in a dialogue with third countries, since there is no common understanding of both alliances’ (EU and NATO) goals and objectives. And in case such an understanding begins to appear, it is more confrontational than cooperative (like, for example, in case of the presence of Chinese technologies or Russian gas in the European market), which also reduces the possibilities of international cooperation for a “middle power” such as Italy. Besides, these multilateral structures are becoming less and less useful in protecting its national interests. As the events of the analyzed period demonstrated, the alliances’ “crumbling” on all sensitive issues could not help Rome either in solving the migration problem, or in the Libyan settlement, or in the energy problems. A “middle power” used to rely on multilateral dialogue is increasingly being held hostage by the contradictions of states that adhere to unilateral approaches in achieving their national interests. The new era of geopolitical confrontation in the Mediterranean (between the United States, China, Turkey, Russia, etc.) is increasingly reducing the possibility of maintaining a “dialogue with all” and makes a “middle power” “to take sides”. The article contributes to the study of the Italian foreign policy and the analysis of “middle powers’” behavior in the changing geopolitical context of the Mediterranean region.
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Costa, Ericka, Caterina Pesci, Michele Andreaus, and Emanuele Taufer. "Empathy, closeness, and distance in non-profit accountability." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 32, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 224–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2014-1635.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Drawing on the phenomenological concepts of “empathy” and “communal emotions” developed by Edith Stein (1917, 1922), the purpose of this paper is to discuss the co-existence both of the legitimacy and accountability perspectives in voluntarily delivered social and environmental reporting (SER), based on different “levels of empathy” towards different stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts an interpretive research design, drawn from Stein’s concept of empathy by using a mixed-method approach. A manual content analysis was performed on 393 cooperative banks’ (CB) social and environmental reports from 2005 to 2013 in Italy, and 14 semi-structured interviews. Findings The results show that CBs voluntarily disclose information in different ways to different stakeholders. According to Stein, the phenomenological concept of empathy, and its understanding within institutions, allows us to interpret these multiple perspectives within a single social and environmental report. Therefore, when the process of acquiring knowledge in the CB–stakeholder relationship is complete and mentalised (level 3, re-enactive empathy), the SER holds high informative power, consistent with the accountability perspective; on the contrary, when this process is peripheral and perceptional (level 1, basic empathy), the SER tends to provide more self-assessment information, attempting to portray the bank in a positive light, which is consistent with the legitimacy perspective. Originality/value The concept of empathy introduced in this paper can assist in interpreting the interactions between an organisation and different stakeholders within the same social and environmental report. Moreover, the approach adopted in this paper considers different stakeholders simultaneously, thus responding to previous concerns regarding the lack of focus on multiple stakeholders.
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Kumar, Soam Sudhir. "Agri-Inputs Consumption Patterns, Access, and Delivery Mechanism in India." Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 23, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2023/apr_jun/6-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Government of India has initiated several programs to provide timely inputs to farmers with special subsidies on regular inputs such as seed material, fertilizers, irrigation, animal purchase, etc. These inputs are supplied through various mechanisms such as government departments, agricultural universities, KVKs, NGOs, local shop owners, producer's associations etc. Studying the agri-inputs available and their supplying mechanisms in India provides clarity on the status of farmers and the number of farmers who benefi ted from diff erent services provided by GOI. A survey questionnaire was developed to collect data from the 14 states with a sample size of 409 farmer respondents and was administered to the Foundation course for Agricultural Research Service (FOCARS)-82 batch, who were undergoing fi eld experience training (FET) at ICAR-NAARM, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State. The survey revealed that most farmers felt satisfi ed with the quality of seed, followed by agrochemicals and chemical fertilizers. Among all the assets, farmers spent the most money on purchasing animal feed (INR 46047.05) followed by planting material- saplings (INR 34445.07) and adult draught animals (INR 31805.07). The maximum number of respondents specifi ed that storage facility for grains, electricity, and byproducts were suffi ciently available. More money is spent on purchasing the recurrent associated input, i.e., irrigation sprinkler/drip, followed by irrigation wells. The Maximum number of farmers has access to Common Property Resources (CPRs) such as pasture land, irrigation sources, threshing fl oors, water harvesting structures, producer's associations, selfhelp groups, and primary cooperative society. About 269 farmers availed credit facilities; among them, 103 farmers took a credit of >10,000-50,000, which was majorly used for input purchase (240 farmers responded). About 132 farmers said they receive subsidies on seed/propagating material, fertilizer/agrochemicals, and irrigation. Most farmers received quality seed/propagating material from the local shop owners, followed by neighboring farmers, govt. departments and private companies. Very few are using/visiting Agricultural Universities, KVKs, cooperatives, NGOs, Agri-clinics, producers' associations, and village panchayats for seed purposes. In terms of credit suppliers, farmers listed public sector banks fi rst, followed by cooperative society credit cards and moneylender. Farmers with medium-sized land holdings have a better chance of availing subsidies compared to small-category farmers. Most small landholders need more opportunities to access agricultural credit. An adequate supply of timely inputs and support of low-cost credit from institutional sources is of great importance to small and marginal, farmers who contribute almost 60 per cent of total food grain production in India. The output of this study would become a benchmark for future assessments and decision-making in the fi eld of agri-inputs.
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Alam, Zafar, Yoshinobu Watanabe, Shazia Hanif, Tatsuro Sato, and Tokihiko Fujimoto. "Community-Based Business on Small Hydropower (SHP) in Rural Japan: A Case Study on a Community Owned SHP Model of Ohito Agricultural Cooperative." Energies 14, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 3349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113349.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy is the prerequisite for social and economic development of a community and country. In Japan, national government is promoting small hydropower (SHP) through a renewable energy policy by providing a high FIT price of 34 yen (≒0.32 US$/kWh) on energy generated from an SHP of less than 200 kW. Until now, the energy generation was controlled by national government agencies, but now independent power generation businesses are growing at the local community level in rural Japan. For the future growth of SHP, it is necessary to make electricity generation at the local community level. Therefore, these local communities will install and manage their renewable electricity by themselves. It will help to make the community self-sustainable and independent from the national government, and at the same time, it will also lead them to achieve the Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs) target from community-based action. This paper aimed to discuss an SHP development business model in which local community will become the business owner of the SHP. It means “of the community, by the community and for the community”. The community identifies their renewable energy potential and needs, they borrow money from the financial organization or banks, install the power plant and do necessary maintenance and management by themselves. The revenue earned by selling electricity is used to repay the loan, and the rest is used for community development directly (such as local roads construction, agriculture land improvements, community hall maintenance, waterways maintenance, welfare, etc.). This paper also discussed a community-based 50 kW SHP installed in Miyazaki prefecture of Japan as a case study. This SHP is one of the best examples of a community ownership model (Community-based business model). A detailed explanation from planning to investment has been discussed. The local community is getting approximately 112,000 USD per year by selling the electricity, and 162-ton CO2 is estimated to decrease yearly, which will support the achievement of SDGs. Finally, installing this kind of SHP in remote areas will provide managerial skills to the local community directly, plant operation knowledge, and education to local students. Local communities learn the problem-solving skills, which lead them to solve the local problem on a community level by themselves.
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Cheluget, Dr John, Edna Moriasi Bonareri, and Isabella Sile. "Effect of Gross Domestic Product and Interest Rate Changes on the Financial Performance of Banks in Kenyan: A Case of Co. Bank Limited." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 04, no. 02 (2023): 404–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2023.4216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study's primary objective was to determine the effect of macroeconomic variables on bank performance. Numerous studies on the effects of macroeconomic factors on the banking business in Kenya and globally have been undertaken, all with differing findings and conclusions. The purpose of this study was to add to existing information by determining the extent to which macroeconomic variables affect bank performance. The study was guided by the following objectives: To what extent has gross domestic product affected the Co. Bank of Kenya Limited’s performance, extend to which interest rate changes affect the Co. Bank of Kenya Limited’s performance. Liquidity preference theory, efficient market theory, and current portfolio theory were adopted in the study. The study used a descriptive research approach to examine the relationship between the independent variables of gross domestic product and interest rates and the dependent variable of bank performance. The study surveyed a total of 120 respondents from the Cooperative Bank of Kenya limited, including branch managers, credit managers, finance officials, accountants, staff, and consumers. The study drew conclusions about the research issue using both primary and secondary data. The study collected main data via questionnaires and secondary data via data collecting forms. Secondary data was derived from the Co-operative Bank of Kenya's annual financial reports from 2016 through the first quarter of 2022, CBK, Kenya Bureau of statistics, World Bank reports etc. The study first looks at the general information of the respondents in the fourth chapter. This information is presented using pie charts, graphs and tables. The chapter further explores the dependent variable and presents response from respondents on the extent to which independent variables affect dependent variables in for, of graphs, tables. The study also explores each independent variable. It starts with GDP and Interest rates respectively. For every independent variable the researcher used five statements to ascertain the effect of each variable on bank performance. The research also utilizes secondary data to compute trend analysis for each independent variable and to formulate multiple regression equation and regression coefficients. The study wraps up with the limitation of the study. The last part of the study entails a summary of the research findings. The summary provides an illustration of each independent variable and its effect on the dependent variable in line with the findings of the study. The study further looks at overall research conclusions, provides recommendation on what needs to be done to minimize the effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable.
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Sviatoshniuk, A. L. "The current state of the agricultural advisory activity and its importance for the development of the agricultural cooperation in Ukraine." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 80 (January 22, 2024): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.80.1.57.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to researching the current state of the agricultural advisory activity and outlining its importance for the development of the agricultural cooperation in Ukraine. It is established that development of the agricultural advisory activity has a rather long world history: the first references are found in Mesopotamia. In 1847, the first modernized agricultural advisory service was established in Ireland. Subsequently, agricultural advisory services, which at the present stage demonstrate high efficiency indicators for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy, in particular the development of the agricultural cooperation, have spread to other countries of the world, in particular, Germany, Denmark, France, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Italy, Japan, the USA, etc. In Ukraine agricultural advisory activity started at the end of the 19th century. In 1995, the first modern agricultural advisory service in Lviv region began to form. Legal regulation of the agricultural advisory activity was introduced in 2004 through the adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Advisory Activity». In the course of the study, it was determined that agricultural advisory activity is a necessary condition for the effective development of the agricultural cooperatives in Ukraine, because in the conditions of the appearance of the latest innovative agricultural technologies, active updating of the legal acts in the agricultural sphere, taking into account the fact that the level of cooperative education of Ukrainians is not satisfactory, members of the agricultural cooperatives need proper professional informational and advisory support from the agricultural advisory services. At the same time, at the current stage, there continues to be a significant number of factors that restrain the development of agricultural advisory activities and agricultural advisory services, which, as a result, negatively affects the development of the agricultural cooperation. The article concludes that the effective development of the agricultural advisory activities and agricultural advisory services requires proper support from the state.
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Tajani, Francesco, Pierluigi Morano, Francesca Salvo, and Manuela De Ruggiero. "Property valuation: the market approach optimised by a weighted appraisal model." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 38, no. 5 (September 13, 2019): 399–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-07-2019-0094.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an innovative model that can be included within the market approach methods for property valuations. The algorithm takes into account the frequent high level of dissimilarity of the comparables selected for the assessment, thus providing for the use of appropriate similarity and reliability coefficients capable of weighing the data of the comparison sample with respect to the different degrees of similarity and reliability. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model borrows the operative logics of the goal programming techniques, in order to identify the solution, the market value of the subject property and the implicit prices of the different influencing factors, since they are more reliable from the mathematical and empirical points of view. Findings The model has been applied to two case studies, relating to samples of residential properties located in the city of Naples (Southern Italy). The results obtained have outlined the high valuation performance of the developed appraisal model, capable of overcoming the applicability limits of classical market approach methods as well as providing solutions that are highly consistent with the expected empirical phenomena. Practical implications The research takes into account the growing need of both professionals and end users (banks, courts, public and private Entities, etc.) for valuation models that are easily repeatable and sufficiently objective. They are required in order to allow for the rapid verification of the elaborations carried out as well as to check the valuer’s appreciation of the contribution of the influencing factors in the market price formation. The outputs of the two applications developed have highlighted the ability of the proposed model to satisfy these market requests. Originality/value The proposed model can be easily implemented through a simple calculation program, with the mathematical structure elaborated allowing to overcome some application limits of the classical market approach methods. Furthermore, the introduction in the algorithm of appropriate similarity and reliability coefficients, capable of suitably weighting the data of the comparison sample, allows to widen the spatial horizon for the identification of the comparables as well as select properties characterized by a high level of dissimilarity. This makes it possible to apply the model in territorial contexts characterized by markets that are not excessively dynamic.
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Микеревић, Дејан. "Дугови - извор финансијске и економске нестабилности у свијету // Debts – source of financial and economic instability in the world". ACTA ECONOMICA 10, № 16 (6 лютого 2012): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/ace1216199m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Резиме: Неизвјесност на међународним финансијским и валутним тржиштима је постала свакодневица, док су кризних ситуација поштеђене једино земље које су већ дуги низ година изоловане од остатка свијета. Ове земље су одбиле да се интегришу у свјетски тржишни економски систем с међународним правилима понашања, као што су на примјер Куба, Сјеверна Кореја, Венецуела и остали. Настанку кризе средином 2008. је претходио период снажног раста инфлације. Значајно је истаћи да су кризом најинтензивније биле погођене најснажније свјетске државе, као што су САД и западне европске земље, и да су највеће губитке претрпјеле њихове велике банке, финансијске институције и моћне корпорације. Владе ових земаља формирале су пакете помоћи за спас својих привреда (енг. bail out) који су првенствено били усмјерени на директну новчану помоћ банкама и финансијским институцијама, а затим и великим корпорацијама од виталних државних интереса, као што су General Motors, Chevrolet, Opel и слични. Међутим, дужничка криза приватних компанија се прелила у дужничку кризу влада земаља, које су „упумпале“ новац пореских обвезника као помоћ приликом тзв. „bail out“. Енорман раст буџетских дефицита и јавних дугова је уздрмао повјерење инвеститора у владине хартије од вриједности, нормално финансирање свакодневних државних послова и доспјелих обавеза у земљама као што су Италија, Шпанија и остали. дакле, државним интервенцијама спашена су потраживања бројних приватних и институционалних инвеститора, али су због тога саме државе доспјеле у проблеме енормног повећања буџетских дефицита и јавних дугова. Стога, солидарност приватног капитала са финансијским недаћама држава и њихових грађана је од кључног значаја за успјешан опоравак из ове велике кризе и стварање предуслова за реалан економски напредак у наредном периоду.Summary: Uncertainty in international financial and currency markets has become common, while the only countries spared from the crisis are those that have been isolated from the rest of the world for many years. These countries have refused to integrate into the world market economic system with international rules of behavior, for example China, North Korea, Venezuela and others. The crisis in mid 2008 was preceded by a period of strong inflation growth. It is significant to point out that the most intense crisis has affected the world`s most powerful states, such as USA and Western European countries and their large banks, financial institutions and powerful corporations. The governments of these countries have formed the assistance packages to rescue its economies (bail out), that have primarily been focused on direct financial assistance to banks and financial institutions and large corporations , such as General Motors, Chevrolet, Opel etc. However , debt crisis of private companies spilled into government debt crisis in countries that have pumped taxpayers` money during so called «bail out». The enormous growth of budget deficits and public debt has shaken the confidence of investors in governement securities, normal financing of daily government operations and outstanding liabilities in countries such as Italy, Spain and others. Government intervention saved the claims of numerous private and institutional investors, but due to this states themselves faced the problems of enormous increase of budget deficits and public debts. Therefore, the solidarity of private capital to the financial hardships of state and its citizens is essential for successful recovery from this major crisis and for creating preconditions for real economic progress in the future.
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Busti, Fabiana, Annalisa Castagna, Giacomo Marchi, Oliviero Olivieri, Peter Pramstaller, and Domenico Girelli. "Altered Iron Parameters and Hepcidin Levels in a General Population: Lessons from the CHRIS Study." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-127098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction Environmental and genetic factors may lead to iron accumulation, causing irreversible organ damage. Homozygosity for the C282Y (C282Y +/+) and compound heterozygosity for the C282Y and H63D (C282Y-H63D) mutations of the HFE gene are associated with susceptibility to iron overload (IO). However, their clinical and biochemical expression is heterogeneous, with some patients showing only an increase of transferrin saturation (TSAT) for life, and others developing severe liver disease at a young age. Rarely, IO occurs in subjects without HFE-mutations or other acquired factors (e.g. alcohol intake, hemolysis, etc.). In these cases, non-HFE hemochromatosis is suspected, but the diagnosis is challenging, based on invasive (i.e., liver biopsy) or poorly available (i.e., Next-Generation Sequencing) approaches. A defective production of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin is the key pathogenetic factor in hereditary hemochromatosis, irrespective of the gene involved, but extensive studies evaluating its potential diagnostic role are still lacking. This project evaluated hepcidin levels in a large subpopulation from the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol (CHRIS) study. Here we explored in particular hepcidin levels in subjects with altered iron status parameters, and their role in the identification of subjects at major risk of developing IO. Patients and Methods Study Population. The CHRIS study is a population-based study carried out in South Tyrol (Northern Italy), whose general aims are reported in detail elsewhere (Pattaro C, J Transl Med 2015). Blood samples were tested for several biochemical and genetic parameters, including those related to iron status, such as TSAT, ferritin, and C282Y and H63D mutations. Hepcidin was measured in stored aliquots by a recently updated and validated mass spectrometry-based method in tandem with liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS), able to distinguish the active hepcidin-25 isoform (Diepeveen LE, Clin Chem Lab Med 2019). Results Among 4,642 participants, 6 were C282Y +/+ and 30 were C282Y-H63D (hereinafter defined as "HFE-H subjects"). HFE-H subjects showed ferritin levels only slightly higher than those with apparent wild-type HFE-H genotype (92.7 vs. 76.0 ng/ml, p=0.29), significantly higher TSAT (46.6 vs. 28.9%, p<0.0001) and lower hepcidin levels (1.41 vs. 2.30 nmol/l, p=0.016) (Table 1). Defective production of hepcidin was suggested by the reduced hepcidin:ferritin ratio (1.53 vs. 3.02 pmol/ng, p<0.0001), which was particularly low in C282Y +/+ (0.65 pmol/ng). Table 2 shows the prevalence of subjects with altered iron parameters (hyperferritinemia and/or increased TSAT), according to the HFE genotype. As concern HFE-H subjects, hyperferritinemia (i.e. >200 or >300 ng/ml in females and males, respectively) was detected in 16.7%, increased TSAT (>45%) in 52.8% and both in 11.1%. A biochemical pattern suggestive of IO (ferritin>500 ng/ml and TSAT>50%) was seen only in 33.3% of C282Y +/+ and in 6.7% of C282Y-H63D, while 41.7% neither had hyperferritinemia nor increased TSAT, confirming the low penetrance of such genotype. Although HFE-H subjects displayed a tendency to increase hepcidin production according to iron deposits (mean level of 1.10 nmol/l in subjects without hyperferritinemia/increased TSAT vs. 3.5 nmol/l of subjects with IO), the hepcidin:ferritin ratio was significantly lower in phenotypically expressed HFE-H subjects (0.49 vs. 2.04 pmol/ng, p=0.014) (Table 3). On the other hand, 540 participants (11.7 percent) without HFE-H genotype had hyperferritinemia, 64 (1.4%) had both hyperferritinemia and increased TSAT, and 12 (0.3 percent) had biochemical signs strongly suggestive of IO (ferritin>500 ng/ml and TSAT>50%). The latters had reduced hepcidin:ferritin ratio (0.92 pmol/ng), a value comparable to that of HFE-H iron loaded subjects (p=0.048). Whole Exome Sequencing data are available for the majority of CHRIS subjects included in this project and will be analyzed in detail in these subpopulations. Conclusions Our data suggest that the hepcidin:ferritin ratio may actually represent a useful indicator of hemochromatosis irrespective of the HFE genotype, possibly driving an optimal use of second level genetic test. Disclosures Girelli: Vifor Pharma: Other: honoraria for lectures; Silence Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; La Jolla Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy.
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Barra, Cristian, and Nazzareno Ruggiero. "Bank-specific factors and credit risk: evidence from Italian banks in different local markets." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, October 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-04-2022-0051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Using bank-level data over the 1994–2015 period, the authors aim to investigate the role of bank-specific factors on credit risk in Italy by considering two different groups of banks, namely, cooperative and non-cooperative (commercial and popular), in different local markets. Design/methodology/approach Relying on highly territorially disaggregated data at labour market areas’ level, the authors estimate the impact of the role of bank-specific factors on credit risk in Italy from the estimation of a fixed-effect estimator. Non-performing loans to total loans has been used as a proxy of credit risk; the bank-specific factors are as follows: growth of loans, reflecting credit policy; log of total assets, controlling for banks’ size; loans to total assets, reflecting the volume of credit market; equity to total assets, capturing the solvency of banks and reflecting their capital strength; return on assets, reflecting the profitability of banks; deposits to loans, reflecting the intermediation cost; cost of total assets, reflecting the banks’ efficiency or volume of intermediation cost. Findings The empirical findings suggest that regulatory credit policy, capitalisation, volume of credit and volume of intermediation costs are the main bank-specific factors affecting non-performing loans. Nevertheless, the present analysis suggests that the behaviour of cooperative banks’ behaviour seems to be in line with that of commercial rather than popular banks, casting doubts about the feasibility of their credit policies. It turns out that recent reforms involving popular and cooperative banks represent the first step toward the enhancement of the stability and efficiency of the Italian banking system. While the present study’s benchmark results are not particularly affected by the degree of competition in the banking sector and by banks’ size, it shows that both cooperative and non-cooperative banks have undertaken more prudent credit policies after the advent of the financial crisis and the introduction of the Basel regulation. Originality/value The relationship between bank-specific factors and credit risk has been analysed using a rich sample of cooperative, commercial and popular banks in Italy over the 1994–2015 period. The authors rely on labour market areas being sub-regional geographical areas where the bulk of the labour force lives and works. The contribution is motivated by the financial distress experienced after the 2008 financial crisis, which has significantly hit the Italian banking system and cooperative banks in particular.
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Amendola, Adalgiso, Cristian Barra, Marinella Boccia, and Anna Papaccio. "Market Structure and Financial Stability: the Interaction between Profit-Oriented and Mutual Cooperative Banks in Italy." Journal of Financial Services Research, July 27, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10693-021-00360-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn this study, we analyze the relation between market structure and financial stability both theoretically and empirically by considering two types of agents: profit-oriented banks and mutual cooperative banks in the context of Italy. The main findings show that under the condition that mutual cooperative banks are not dominated by borrowers, there is an inverted U-shaped relation in which a less concentrated market structure increases stability for both types of banks but a more concentrated market structure reduces it.
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Monika. "A LOAN PORTFOLIO EVALUATION OF DISTRICT CENTRAL COOPERATIVE BANKS: A CASE STUDY OF UTTAR PRADESH." EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review, July 18, 2020, 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36713/epra3217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indian Cooperative Banks are the world largest credit institution which serve the credit need of more than 120 million farmers(Rangarajan,1972). These cooperative banks are established to serve for the welfare of rural people and not for the profit maximization. Indian cooperative credit These banks provide credit under various areas such as, agriculture, lives stock, milk, self-employment, setting up small-scale units, personal finance etc. Indian Agricultural Cooperative credit institution are broadly categories in to two types, short term and long term agricultural credit institution. The short term agricultural credit institution have three tire federal structure, at the apex level: State Cooperative Banks, District Central Cooperative Banks at district level and Primary Agricultural Credit Societies, at root level. The District Central Cooperatives Banks(DCCBs) act as intermediary, it provide short and medium term loan to the rural sector. There are total 364 DCCBs operating in country (RBI report, 2017-18), out of which 50 DCCBs operating in Uttar Pradesh (NAFSCOB, 2017-18). The present study evaluate the agricultural and non-agricultural loan distribute by DCCBs of UP for the period of 2013-14 to 2016-17. For the purpose of the study, District Central Cooperative Banks (DCCBs) of UP were divided into 18 zone as per their administrative classification. The study revealed that there is volatility among the zone and some zone performed well in development of rural areas. KEYWORDS: Cooperative Banks, rural people, agriculture, lives stock, milk, self-employment
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Arginelli, P. "Just a Brick in the Wall: Why Italy Is Violating Council Directive 2008/7/EC in the Pending Ente Cambiano Case." European Taxation 63, no. 7 (June 2, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.59403/130d76a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, the author discusses the request by the Italian Supreme Court for a preliminary ruling from the ECJ regarding the compatibility of the 2016 Italian legislation reforming the governance and regulation of cooperative banks with the EU Capital Duty Directive (2008/7). In particular, that legislation imposes a levy on cooperative banks that avoid a requirement to join a cooperative banking group by contributing their business to a joint-stock company that carries out the banking activity. The author argues that the legislation violates the prohibition against Member States levying indirect taxes on capital contributions contained in article 5 of the Capital Duty Directive (2008/7).
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Agostino, Mariarosaria, Sabrina Ruberto, and Francesco Trivieri. "The role of local institutions in cooperative banks’ efficiency. The case of Italy." International Review of Economics & Finance, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2022.11.001.
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Barra, Cristian, and Anna Papaccio. "A parametric approach to institutional quality and bank cost inefficiency in diversity context: The case of Italy." Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, October 5, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apce.12457.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractEffective government rules and regulations, as well as the ability of the regulator to curb corruption and promote voice and accountability, can influence the ability of bank management to allocate resources and ensure high performance. Based on this assumption, we aim to find out whether institutional quality is able to improve bank performance in Italy. To do so, we rely mainly on the diversity of banks, thus capturing the different behaviors of the two main categories, i.e. cooperative and for‐profit banks. Using a parametric method, the results show a clear impact of most dimensions of institutional quality on reducing banks’ cost inefficiency. Some robustness checks, especially regarding the role of market structure, confirm our findings.
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Bhulal, Vipan Kumar. "Financial Performance of Cooperative Banks in India: A Case study of Kangra Central Co-operative Bank." MUDRA : Journal of Finance and Accounting 3, no. 2 (June 6, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.17492/mudra.v3i2.7894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Performance and efficiency of co-operative banks are the key elements of a country’s financial system at primary level. The co-operative societies in India, in fact, are playing multifunctional role in both rural as well as urban areas. This paper explores the financial growth and performance of Kangra Central Co-operative bank in Himachal Pradesh, which is the largest co-operative banks in the state. The main objective of the study is to analyse the performance and present financial position of the Kangra Central Co-operative bank in Himachal Pradesh with regard to its branches, ATMs, customers etc, using secondary data. The study is set out to apply growth rate for evaluate performance of bank through different variables like share capital, shareholder funds, deposits, assets, outstanding advances, borrowing, profit and profitability and check the management efficiency of the bank through operating ratio. This analytical study of KCCB demonstrates that there are significant differences between different study time periods on the performance of the banks in terms of share capital, deposits, borrowing and profitability, market coverage, outstanding advances, profits, shareholder funds and management quality.
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Coccorese, Paolo, Giovanni Ferri, and Fabiola Spiniello. "Are Mergers among Cooperative Banks Worth a Dime? Evidence on Post-M&A Efficiency in Italy." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3353899.
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U, Divya, and Noor Firdoos Jahan. "FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO JAN DHAN YOJANA." ISBR Management Journal 5, no. 2 (November 20, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.52184/isbrmj.v5i2.88.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Financial inclusion is a priority of any government to achieve inclusive growth of the country for sustainable economic development. Financial inclusion is nothing but inclusion of financially excluded segment of the society into formal financial system of the economy. The efforts for financial inclusion is not new in India the RBI and GOI had taken many initiatives like Nationalization of banks, expansion of banks and its branches, establishment of cooperative banks regional rural bank etc. various initiatives were taken up. Despite various measures for financial inclusion poverty and exclusion continues to dominate Indian economy even after six decades of its independence. But the GOI and RBI has not given up its efforts towards complete financial inclusion. One of the important initiatives taken by Modi Government towards comprehensive financial inclusion is Pradhan mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). The scheme was launched with a target to provide universal access to banking facilities starting with basic banking account, with overdraft facility and Rupay debit card within built accident insurance. The study mainly concentrated towards global insights for financial inclusion, India’s present status of financial inclusion and PMJDY contribution towards reviving financial inclusion in India.
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"Polyphagotarsonemus latus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, June (August 1, 1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20056600191.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) [Acarina: Tarsonemidae] Broad mite, yellow tea mite, citrus silver mite Polyphagous, attacks tea, cotton, coffee, jute, potato, tomato, mulberry, passion fruit, citrus, Capsicum (chilli) etc. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Sicily, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, AFRICA, Burundi, Central, African, Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Oman, Senegal, Sudan, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Upper Volta, ASIA, China, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, AUSTRALASIA, AND PACIFIC ISLANDS, Australia, Fiji, Hawaii, Marianas, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands.
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Cincinelli, Peter, and Domenico Piatti. "How inefficient is an inefficient credit process? An analysis of the Italian banking system." Journal of Risk Finance ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (July 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-08-2020-0184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThe paper aims to disentangle the physiological credit risk from the credit risk coming from the inefficient screening and monitoring management process. The analysis is conducted on a sample of 338 Italian banks–56 joint-stock banks (SpA), 23 cooperative banks (Popolari) and 259 mutual banks (BCCs)–over the time period 2006–2017.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the maximum likelihood method to estimate the efficient frontier, as a set of best management credit practices, which minimises the credit risk defined on the basis of the level of loans granted, the technical structure of the loan portfolio (such as credit lines, mortgages, consumer loans and other technical loan categories) and the interest rate charges.FindingsThe empirical results show that the increase in non-performing loans (NPLs) is related both to the severe and protracted recession in Italy, which significantly reduced borrowers' capacity to service their debt, and to other factors, such as banks' lending monitoring policies with limited capacity to work-out defaulted loans.Originality/valueThe authors propose a new approach to the study of the performance of the credit process. With the stochastic frontier, the physiological credit risk, assumed by the bank according to its lending activity and management choices, is separated from the credit risk resulting from an inefficient management of the screening and monitoring process. In addition, the authors analyse the determinants of the excess of NPLs. This aspect is considered particularly original because the scientific contributions which consider the causes of NPLs have largely focused on the level of NPLs not considering the physiological part, linked to the structure of the bank's loan portfolio and its operational strategy and therefore not compressible and in any case not attributable to mismanagement or moral hazard.