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Tunviruzzaman, Reza, Tamanna Tahera, and Tasnise Zannat. "Economic & geopolitical opportunities and challenges for Bangladesh." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 4 (June 15, 2021): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i4.1244.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Investment seeking Bangladesh's economy is hungry for local and international finance for its infrastructure development. One Belt-One Road (OBOR) seems opened a golden door, not only for Bangladesh's economic reform but also created an opportunity for higher bilateral cooperation between China and Bangladesh. The geographical location of Bangladesh is playing a vital role despite being a small economy and territory in the region. Covering three sides of the Bangladeshi border, economically emerging state India has a sharp eye look on Bangladesh's strategies and policies more than any other time. The hostile looks of India (on China's OBOR initiative) are not an easy task for Bangladesh regarding Geopolitical & Economic strategies. Growing interests in Bangladesh among China and India appeared as a two-edged sword. However, India was the major trading partner of Bangladesh. However, China's trade with Bangladesh has increased manifold in recent years to surpass India from 2004 onwards. This is slowing down, and the change of economic relations between India and Bangladesh, coupled with strained and uncertain political relations, raises multiple concerns. Many dynamics have contributed to China's growing presence in Bangladesh compared to India's decline concerning trade and investment. India has lost out to China in many vital industries. While reviewing and assessing recent developments, the study also depicts a strategy to counter India's declining economic influence in Bangladesh.
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Gotur, Padma. "Bangladesh: Economic Reform Measures and the Poor." IMF Working Papers 91, no. 39 (1991): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451845730.001.
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Jahangir, Alam S. M., Guo Qing Hu, M. Rabiul Alam, Rajib Baran Roy, and Md Golam Kibria. "Improved ICT Grid Computing Model for Development of the Bangladesh." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 2200–2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.2200.
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Interoperability is a key issue in implementing an e-Government system. Grid Computing based service for interoperability (e-Gov Grid Computing) could be a solution for resource sharing and interoperability of e-Gov systems. The main objective of this paper is to develop an e-Gov Grid Computing Model through e-Gov policy in Bangladesh in order to ensure good governance. The necessary reformation which are required for implementation of ICT Grid Computing system for e-Government are administrative reform for governmental and non-governmental organizations for ensuring transparency and accountability, economic and financial systems reform, politics and political parties reform, planning and policy reform, judicial reform, reform in organizations engaged in ensuring law and order.
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Alam, Shawkat, and George F. Tomossy. "Overcoming the SPS concerns of the Bangladesh fisheries and aquaculture sector." Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 16, no. 2 (June 19, 2017): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-01-2017-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the challenges developing countries face in attempting to balance sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) health and safety measures against concerns about protectionism, illustrated by the impact of trade barriers on the fisheries and aquaculture sector in Bangladesh. The paper then provides recommendations to overcome the effects of these trade barriers. Design/methodology/approach The author uses a close doctrinal approach for the first three parts of the paper by analysing the provisions of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) SPS Agreement and the effect of those provisions in creating domestic compliance gaps in the Bangladeshi fisheries and aquaculture sector. A qualitative approach is then adopted in suggesting potential reforms and future directions to assist the Bangladeshi fisheries and aquaculture sector overcome SPS trade barrier issues. Findings To overcome the market access issues created by SPS trade barriers, Bangladesh and other developing countries require multilateral assistance, accommodation by trading partners and internal reforms. This includes reforming internal governance structures, improving trade participation and negotiation, increasing infrastructure investment and learning from similar countries who have improved their supply chain management. Research limitations/implications This paper will have significant implications by contributing to law and policy reform debates involving international trade law and domestic compliance gaps. It will also assist other developing countries that experience SPS trade barriers to learn from the experience of the Bangladeshi fisheries and aquaculture sector. Practical implications This paper has practical implications by providing recommendations for how Bangladesh can overcome SPS trade barriers and improve its market access. This will help Bangladesh integrate into the global trading system by enhancing its participation in the SPS framework. Social implications By addressing and providing recommendations for the SPS trade barrier challenges faced by Bangladesh fishery and aquaculture sector, this paper provides a framework to improve the economic development and global competitiveness of the industry. This will contribute the gross domestic product growth and help increase the overall living standards of the people involved in the fisheries and aquaculture business in Bangladesh. Originality/value This paper is an original work that has not been published elsewhere. It is the first time a paper has dealt with the legal, policy and compliance challenges faced by the fisheries and aquaculture sector in Bangladesh.
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Rahman, Mohammad Mosiur, and Ambigapathy Pandian. "A Critical Investigation of English Language Teaching in Bangladesh." English Today 34, no. 3 (February 8, 2018): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607841700061x.
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The 2016 World Bank report on worldwide per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) identified Bangladesh as a lower middle-income country based on its consistent GDP growth throughout last decade (World Bank, 2016). To maintain this growth rate and meet the radical demand for human resources in increasingly globalised world markets, the country needs to communicate more effectively with the outside world. Inevitably, this means improving the quality of English teaching and learning. The significance of English, as the globallingua franca, to Bangladeshi learners is at its zenith. In this developing country, however, economic constraints mean that funds allocated to education are limited compared to many other Southeast Asian countries (Habib & Adhikary, 2016). Even given the generally low level of educational standards in Bangladesh (Islam, 2015), the standard of English language teaching and learning has decreased alarmingly in recent years (Hamid, 2011). English language education in Bangladesh has always been problematic, despite various attempts to initiate curriculum reform. As Hamid & Baldauf (2008) point out, the first of these major shifts in the ELT curriculum took place in the mid-1990s, when the traditional Grammar-Translation Method (GTM) was replaced with a curriculum based on a Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) model. The principal objective of this article is to review the major problems associated with ELT in Bangladesh that have hindered the implementation of the new CLT curriculum from the perspective of teachers, and eventually to make recommendations for more effective ELT curriculum reform.
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Ashiquzzaman, Md. "Tax & Value Added Tax—In View of Bangladesh." Number-1, November 2018 1, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35935/tax/11.4837.
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Most developing counties are increasingly focusing on domestic resource mobilization toward economic development. In this context, tax performance is of crucial importance, especially for a developing country, since it is the prime source for domestic resource mobilization. This article reviews the incidence of income taxation in Bangladesh tax system. The main purpose of the study is to determine how the burden of personal and corporation income taxes is allocated among taxpayers of different income groups. Bangladesh faces many problems in raising sufficient tax revenues to fund its economic and social development. To address this problem and to improve economic efficiency and growth, a major tax reform program was initiated in 1991 which centered on the introduction of a value-added tax (VAT) to replace a range of narrowly-based consumption taxes. This study works as a linkage between theory and practice on Value Added Tax. In this Article focus on the tax, Value added tax, tax in history, definition, collecting problem, advantage, and disadvantage.
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Devarajan, S., H. Ghanem, and K. Thierfelder. "Economic Reform and Labor Unions: A General-Equilibrium Analysis Applied to Bangladesh and Indonesia." World Bank Economic Review 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/11.1.145.
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Hossain, Md Moazzem, and Manzurul Alam. "Corporate social reporting (CSR) and stakeholder accountability in Bangladesh." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 24, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 415–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-05-2016-0064.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate organisational accountability to less economically powerful stakeholders in the absence of formal corporate social reporting (CSR) guidelines. In addition, this study emphasises the role of administrative and institutional reforms in empowering stakeholders in a developing country context, namely, Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach Consistent with prior literature, this qualitative study collected data through semi-structured interviews with 23 representatives from NGOs, media, civil society, customers, regulators, trade union leaders and employees who are considered as less economically powerful stakeholders. This paper draws on the demand for administrative reforms along with an institutional support structure (Owen et al., 1997) to enhance CSR and corporate accountability. Findings The empirical evidence shows that there is a need for a stand-alone mandatory CSR to achieve stakeholder accountability. It also shows that there are demands from “stakeholders to right to know” about the company’s social and environmental performance along with stakeholder engagements. There is a perceived demand for administrative reform along with institutional supports that can contribute to the CSR development in Bangladesh. These administrative reforms would encourage transparent corporate social and environmental practices. Given the socio-economic and vulnerable environmental conditions of Bangladesh, stakeholders in this study suggested contextually relevant CSR guidelines towards greater accountability. Research limitations/implications This paper is one of the few engagement-based studies which explore the perceptions of less economically powerful stakeholders towards CSR developments in an emerging economy – Bangladesh. The findings of this study using the theoretical lens of accountability with administrative and institutional reforms lead us to conclude that companies in Bangladesh have low level of CSR towards stakeholder accountability and stakeholder engagements. Originality/value The paper contributes to the CSR literature by highlighting the needs of CSR from the stakeholder’s accountability perspective.
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Rezina, Sonia, Nusrat Jahan, and Mohitul Ameen Ahmed Mustafi. "Contribution of StockMarket Towards Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Bangladesh Economy." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 4 (February 28, 2017): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n4p238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The economic growth of a country is influenced by many different factors. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between stock market development and economic growth in Bangladesh as well as the impact of stock market performance upon the economic growth of Bangladesh. The stock market performance has been measured by market capitalization ratio, number of listed companies, total value traded and turnover ratio; and the economic growth was represented by real gross domestic product. The periods taken for study were from year 1994 to year 2015.The effect of the stock market reform will also be addressed to explain the relationship. The study has been conducted using Augmented Dickey- Fuller Unit Root Test, Johansen Cointegration Test and the Granger Causality Test. The findings of the research should help the policy makers and regulators to look after their interest in the financial sector of the country.
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Qamruzzaman, Md. "Innovation and economic growth: evidence from financial institutional innovation." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 8, no. 2 (June 11, 2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2017v8i2p126-141.
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Innovation is the key to bringing changes in the traditional financial system. Innovation in the financial system being new financial products, hybrid financial institutions and new rules and regulations to reform existing financial system. Evolvement of financial institutions in the economy help economy in performing a financial function more effective and efficiently and such performance of financial institution promotes economic growth. The aim of the study to assess the relationship between institutional innovation and economic growth of Bangladesh over the period from 1991 to 2015. During this study, we employ the various econometric model to established association ship between institutional innovation and economic growth. Study results revealed that all the variables are stationary at level and after first difference all the variables become non-stationary. Test of Cointegration results revealed that innovation in the financial system through non-bank financial institutions and the financial market can contribute long run and CPI and spread rate can contribute in short run in the economic growth of Bangladesh. While Granger Causality Test revealed that Capital flow and GDP shows unidirectional causality but financial market development and GDP shows the Bidirectional causal relationship in the economy. It is also observed from causality analysis that capital flow and financial market development shows bidirectional causality, which indicated that innovation either in a financial institution or financial market can cause both variables and eventually influence on economic growth. So policymaker should consider the interrelationship between institutional innovation and economic growth while the formulation of economic policy because policy should expedite the development process in the financial system by making robust financial sector through encouraging financial innovation with banks, non-banks financial institution and capital market as well. Robust financial development can cause positively in overall economic growth in Bangladesh.
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Qodarsasi, Umi, and Tety Rachmawati. "Upaya Cina menjadi Kekuatan Maritim dalam Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA)." Nation State Journal of International Studies 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/nsjis.2018v1i2.132.
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After the economic reform in 1978, China experienced a rapid economic growth. The open door policy adopted on economic reforms succeeded in attracting many foreign investors in the sector of manufacture. Along with its status as a new power of the world economy, China is also ambitious to become the largest maritime power. The Indian Ocean is a strategic area to strengthen China's steps to support economic needs and become a maritime power. To achieve strategic interests in the Indian Ocean Region, China joins as an IORA partner. China’s effort to dominate at the IORA is not only to recruiting rival countries, but also to built strategic partnerships with the countries in the Indian Ocean region. Besides Pakistan and Myanmar, China has also established strategic partnerships with Iran, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. For strategic partner, China is seen as an alliance in strengthening politics in their country and is a supplier of military weapons and technology with affordable prices. This paper will explain the China's interests in the IORA and China's position compared to other IORA member, and also China's strategy. The results obtained shows that China has the potential to become a maritime power at the IORA.
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Hasan, Rashedul, and Siti Alawiah Siraj. "Complexities of Waqf Development in Bangladesh." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v4i3.9093.
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Bangladesh is coping with the problem of poverty since its independence. Recent success stories of the country in alleviating poverty have been the outcome of the efforts of several public and private initiatives. As a Muslimmajority country, Bangladesh is yet to incorporate Islamic vehicles of poverty reduction in the national development strategies. Waqf has been sidelined as a mere charity even though it has historical success in producing continuous income and thus reducing poverty levels in the Muslim countries. This paper is divided into three sections. In the first part, it provides a historical overview of Waqf in Bangladesh followed by a brief description of Waqf institutions that are responsible for managing Waqf in Bangladesh. The final section discusses contemporary issues that are affecting the efficient management of Waqf funds towards making its mark in alleviating poverty from Bangladesh. In describing various problems, issues concerning governance and information disclosure were addressed that provide significant insight for different stakeholders. Information gathered through systematic literature review process indicated that Waqf institutions in Bangladesh are lacking appropriate governance mechanisms that are resulting in information asymmetry. Future research on the governance mechanisms applied by Waqf institutions and their impact on the extent and quality of information disclosure will provide further insight for the need of reform in this voluntary sector to ensure their sustainable future and contribution towards economic development in Bangladesh.
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Shamsuzzaman, Md Mostafa, Mohammad Mahmudul Islam, Amany Begum, Petra Schneider, and Mohammad Mojibul Hoque Mozumder. "Assessing Fisheries Policies of Bangladesh: Need for Consistency or Transformation?" Water 14, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 3414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14213414.
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With the aim to enhance production, alleviate poverty, meet animal protein demand, earn foreign currency and maintain ecological balance, the Bangladesh government has formulated the National Fisheries Policy 1998. Over the last two decades, this policy for safeguarding fisheries is still in practice but gets little attention by researchers and policy makers to assess its effectiveness. This study analyzes the fisheries policy frameworks and evaluates how policy changes affecting fisheries production with certain ecological balance. The paper describes elements in the historical process of the development of the national fisheries policy related to the issue of equal or restricted access to the fish resource. The findings suggest that changes in policy only could not offer solutions to prevent over exploitation and overcapitalization that presently exists in conventional open access fishery. In addition, key constraints underlying in between policies and in implementation of laws includes ignorance of conservation laws, overwhelmingly top-down decision-making, lack of appropriate policy goals, inadequate enforcement, outdated policy and bogus action strategy, lack of enforcement regulations against pollution, poor coordination and technical know-how of the personnel concerned. For achieving inclusive growth in the fisheries sector, the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the government stated the Vision 2021, fisheries policy reform is recommended with special emphasis on marine fisheries sub section formulation, socio-economic development of relevant communities, updating of existing governance, and strengthening institutional capacity to appropriately manage this potential sector. Moreover, the existing regulations should be amended accordingly with clearly defined reliable enforcement authority.
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Hossain, Nasir, and Khalid Md Bahauddin. "Integrated water resource management for mega city: a case study of Dhaka city, Bangladesh / Zintegrowane zarządzanie zasobami wodnymi dużych miast: przykład miasta Dakka w Bangladeszu." Journal of Water and Land Development 19, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2013-0014.
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Abstract Dhaka the capital of Bangladesh is facing a serious water scarcity problem due to the big gap between demand and supply of water system. When accelerating water scarcities and pollution in and around urban centers are superimposed on issues like continuing urbanization, lack of investment funds for constructing and maintaining water infrastructures, high public debts, inefficient resources allocation processes, inadequate management capacities, poor governance, inappropriate institutional frameworks and inadequate legal and regulatory regimes, water management in the megacities poses a daunting task in the future. To overcome these water related problems, water can be a designing element for structuring future development with the combination of sustainable approaches for social and physical transformation, open up opportunities for water management system. Therefore an integrated approach like integrated water resource management (IWRM) system is required that responds to problems that are all interrelated. Alternate supply and demand management tools such as ground water recharge, rainwater harvesting, effective water pricing, reclaimed water use are suggested to meet the deficit of current supply system through the efficient use of the scarce resources available. Institutional reform and improved water planning are required to facilitate economic growth and social development. Finally, human resource development is identified as key factor for the sustainable effective management of this valuable resource.
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Chowdhury, Faieza. "Blended learning: how to flip the classroom at HEIs in Bangladesh?" Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning 13, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 228–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrit-12-2018-0030.
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Purpose E-learning is a very popular concept in the education sector today, and one of the best ways to implement this is through blended learning. However, the implementation of blended learning program at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) is quite new in Bangladesh. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of blended learning, how to construct a blended learning program, the benefits of blended learning and some prerequisites to implement blended learning program successfully at HEIs in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach Nature of the study is explanatory, descriptive as well as evaluative. Primary data were collected through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaire having both open- and close-ended questions including personal observations. Secondary data comprise relevant documents available from government agencies, archives, and library and research organizations. Findings By utilizing the blended learning tools, HEIs in Bangladesh can achieve radical improvements in education quality as well as in the accessibility and cost-effectiveness of learning programs. Moreover, any innovative educational reform will be successful only when it is fully accepted and adopted by all the key stakeholders: students, parents, teachers, academic administrators, researchers and policy makers. Practical implications Several practical solutions have been presented in this paper: how to create a blended learning program, how to overcome the obstacles for successful implementation of blended learning and how to create a flipped classroom with the aid of technology. Social implications A country’s soul and economic well-being depends to a large extent on the quality of their citizen’s education. Implementing innovative teaching programs within the education system will enhance the quality of education at HEIs in Bangladesh, creating more efficient labor force hence benefiting the overall society. Originality/value Originality in terms of exposing the hurdles that needs to be addressed for successful implementation of blended learning programs at HEIs in Bangladesh and providing an easy guideline to educators on how to create flipped classrooms.
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Joarder, Taufique, Tahrim Z. Chaudhury, and Ishtiaq Mannan. "Universal Health Coverage in Bangladesh: Activities, Challenges, and Suggestions." Advances in Public Health 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4954095.
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Catastrophic health expenditure forces 5.7 million Bangladeshis into poverty. Inequity is present in most of health indicators across social, economic, and demographic parameters. This study explores the existing health policy environment and current activities to further the progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and the challenges faced in these endeavors. This qualitative study involved document reviews (n=22) and key informant interviews (KII, n=15). Thematic analysis of texts (themes: activities around UHC, implementation barriers, suggestions) was done using the manual coding technique. We found that Bangladesh has a comprehensive set of policies for UHC, e.g., a health-financing strategy and staged recommendations for pooling of funds to create a national health insurance scheme and expand financial protection for health. Progress has been made in a number of areas including the roll out of the essential package of health services for all, expansion of access to primary health care services (support by donors), and the piloting of health insurance which has been piloted in three subdistricts. Political commitment for these areas is strong. However, there are barriers pertaining to the larger policy level which includes a rigid public financing structure dating from the colonial era. While others pertain to the health sector’s implementation shortfalls including issues of human resources, political interference, monitoring, and supervision, most key informants discussed demand-side barriers too, such as sociocultural disinclination, historical mistrust, and lack of empowerment. To overcome these, several policies have been recommended, e.g., redesigning the public finance structure, improving governance and regulatory mechanism, specifying code of conduct for service providers, introducing health-financing reform, and collaborating with different sectors. To address the implementation barriers, recommendations include improving service quality, strengthening overall health systems, improving health service management, and improving monitoring and supervision. Addressing demand-side barriers, such as patient education and community empowerment, is also needed. Research and advocacy are required to address crosscutting barriers such as the lack of common understanding of UHC.
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Alam, Mushfek-Ul. "Role of China in Rohingya Crisis." International Business Research 15, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v15n1p59.
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The research paper focuses on investigating geo-political moves from the Chinese perspective whether there is a possibility for China to succeed in their negotiating acts between Bangladesh and Myanmar, which chronologically provides: a background to find the origin of the problem, clarifies reasons so important as a negotiator in this issue, the possible outcomes of the negotiation process and how it may affect China’s political standing with a series of research questions and problem statement. The researcher primarily denounces the conventional ideas that China only prefers to look after Myanmar’s interest or Sino-Myanmar relationship. Methodology section briefly analyzes the nature of the research and the type of data are used to justify researcher’s alternative views. The researcher demonstrates a comparative picture between Bangladesh and Myanmar in terms of their economic, political and military relationship with China both nations equally from their geo-political standing. Finally, the researcher describes to predict the possible outcomes of the current negotiation process considering Chinese involvement in Humanitarian aspects, steps taken by the Myanmar Military regime in repatriating the Rohingyas, Why does the democratic reform process so necessary for China as a negotiator, What Myanmar must do to regain the trust Rohingya citizens and how the current situation is endangering the Chinese diplomacy or why a worsening scenario between China and Myanmar may arise. All the findings and analysis inherently support the author’s alternative view and duly answer the research questions. Finally, the researcher discussed about the common lessons learned so far from international relations perspective.
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Carlson, Laura A., and Vera Bitsch. "Social sustainability in the ready-made-garment sector in Bangladesh: an institutional approach to supply chains." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 269–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0114.
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Ready-made-garment (RMG) production for sale in the EU and USA is a key source of economic development for Bangladesh. The 2013 collapse of Rana Plaza revealed worker safety and other social issues in RMG factories in Bangladesh, showing that formal, top-down approaches to these problems, including corporate codes-of-conduct and reforms in Bangladeshi labor laws, have little effect. Supply chain sustainability is a key issue for business, government and civil society. Satisfactory theoretical approaches to promoting social sustainability in supply chains are lacking. A case study using qualitative document analysis identifies the key institutional factors related to social sustainability in the Bangladeshi RMG industry, with a modified version of the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework as an analytical frame. Key elements of other frameworks for social sustainability are discussed in terms of how well the IAD framework captures those concepts, and how employing the IAD could enhance supply chain analysis.
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Akther, Salma, and Al Mamun. "Motivating Factors of Investors to Involve in Supply Chain Management Practices: A Study on Ready Made Garment Industry in Bangladesh." Journal of Business and Economics 9, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 868–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/10.09.2018/004.
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The export-oriented clothing industry in Bangladesh, commonly known as ready made garment (RMG) occupies an inimitable position in the economy of Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to examine the intent of investors/manufacturers of Bangladeshi RMG to engage in supply chain management practices. Bangladeshi garment industry is the leading export earner as well as main sources of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) for Bangladesh over the decade. Development of the garment industry in Bangladesh was driven by the structural economic reforms of the 1980s, which opened the Bangladeshi economy towards foreign investment, deregulation of markets and privatization. Nowadays Bangladesh is well known across the globe for its vigorous success in the arena of readymade garment industry. On time deliverance, short lead time and desired quality product determines the criteria to gain the orders from international buyers. Thus, involve in supply chain management practices (SCMP) treated as compulsory requirement for these industries. To discover the absolute motive of RMG Investors/Manufacturers, the descriptive study was associated on 10 companies that are presently practiced SCM activities in Bangladesh. Standard questionnaires were utilized to accumulate the data. Research result showed 14 variables of Investor/Manufacturer motives are comprised in SCMP. Each variable was interconnected in nature. Four fundamental motivational factors stand as operational, economical, environmental & ethical, and social & behavioral. Shield motives of Investors/ Manufacturers can easily have recognized by these factors. This will assist the respective authority to control the RMG companies and acknowledged the forthcoming action steps to advance the supply chain management (SCM)system of this industry at Bangladesh. Rank order data interpretation represented that environmental motive and ethical motive are strong portent of Investor/Manufacturer motives to incorporate in Supply Chain Management practices.
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Timilsina, Govinda R., and Sheoli Pargal. "Economics of energy subsidy reforms in Bangladesh." Energy Policy 142 (July 2020): 111539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111539.
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Nuruzzaman, Mohammed. "Labor Resistance to Pro-market Economic Reforms in Bangladesh." Journal of Asian and African Studies 41, no. 4 (August 2006): 341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909606065790.
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Modi, Kiran, Gurneet Kalra, Leena Prasad, and Najeebullah Babrakzai. "COVID, Its Impact on the Mental Health of Caregivers in Childcare Institutions of South Asian Countries and Their Coping Techniques: Analysis of the Caregivers in Childcare Institutions Using Data from Seven South Asian Countries." Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond 8, no. 2 (August 29, 2021): 223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23493003211033062.
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Widely across the globe, COVID has placed massive strain on various parameters of life, including child protection, health, education and economic systems. Apart from these visible threats, this situation has an ongoing devastating impact on the mental health and psychological well-being of people. The word of the law enforces care and support for children with disadvantages, disabilities and vulnerabilities on caregivers, Managers and Staff, managing Alternative Care programmes, but the spirit of such child protection laws also underlines the importance of caring for caregivers, especially in childcare institutions (CCIs). The well-being of the caregivers is the cornerstone of every well-functioning childcare institution and other residential care spaces. This article is designed to document the mental health status of caregivers (residential staff staying with children), in residential care spaces in the COVID times and to determine how the new stresses impacted them and the coping patterns they acquired in current situation; across different countries of South Asia, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. This exploratory rapid assessment project aimed to reach out to the registered childcare homes/ institutions, across the South Asian region, with the help of different NGOs, as well as Government mechanisms. The data was collected through purposive sampling and analysed quantitatively where the sample included the selected caregivers of participating CCIs across these nations. This study aimed to synthesize the responses of caregivers across the region; develop an analysis, which may help authorities to rethink, reform and strengthen the current practices, in order to develop approach-centred strategies for improving the well-being of caregivers as this has a direct bearing on the well-being of children in their care. Since the start of the COVID pandemic, for the residential caregivers, the access to external resources, including physical support from professional staff, has become restricted to bare minimum, due to lockdown and quarantine measures. Any interventions to prevent, treat and mitigate the effects of COVID among caregivers needed to be taken at the ground level by the care team management.
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Abdullah, Abu. "Poverty and Reforms in Bangladesh." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 4II (December 1, 1998): 1071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.1071-1079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a memorable speech to the United Nations General Assembly, Nikita Krushehev predicted that communism would bury capitalism. In less emotive and more economistic terms, he was saying in effect that centrally planned economies would outperform market economies in terms of both output growth and social justice. History has not been kind to Krushehev. Not only central planning but even milder forms of state interventionism now stand discredited, and developing countries round the world are desperately trying to install functioning market economics. This sea-change in development philosophy generally owes something to donor conditionalities associated with structural adjustment credits, to the extent that “reforms” and “structural adjustment” have become virtually synonymous. Shortterm internal or external balance crises, and longer-term stagnation, also signalled to policy-makers the bankruptcy of over-interventionist policies—a lesson driven home by the phenomenal growth performance of the NIC’s, apparently the fruit of marketfriendly policies.
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Nuruzzaman, Mohammed. "Neoliberal economic reforms, the rich and the poor in Bangladesh." Journal of Contemporary Asia 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472330480000291.
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Ahmed, Shaila, and Shahzad Uddin. "Toward a political economy of corporate governance change and stability in family business groups." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, no. 8 (October 15, 2018): 2192–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-01-2017-2833.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to elaborate a political economy of corporate governance (CG) change and stability in family business groups (BGs) and assist in explaining why certain CG reforms fail in one context but work in others. Design/methodology/approach Three BGs in Bangladesh are studied. A mixture of data sources is used, namely interviews, observations of practices, historical documentation, company reports and research papers and theses. The results are analysed by applying Archer’s morphogenetic approach, focussing on both macro- and micro-processes of change. Findings A newly-adopted CG framework, which created incentives and pressures for family directors to act in the best interests of general shareholders, did not seem to alter apparently simple but complex internal structural set-ups. Thus, regulatory efforts to empower general shareholders did not produce the expected results. Following Archer’s morphogenetic approach, the authors identify key structural conditioning or emergent properties and agential strategies to explain why and how BGs opted for symbolic compliance and achieved lax regulation and enforcement. Research limitations/implications The paper opens up a new methodological and theoretical space for future CG research, especially by applying a meta-theoretical guideline such as the morphogenetic approach, for nuanced explanation and a more inclusive understanding of CG practices, reform and change in different organisational and institutional settings. Originality/value The morphogenetic approach aids in developing a political economy of CG change and stability and provides a nuanced explanation of CG practices. This is illustrated through an exploration of CG change initiatives in Bangladeshi BGs.
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Pulok, Mohammad Habibullah, and Moin Uddin Ahmed. "Does corruption matter for economic development? Long run evidence from Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 3 (March 6, 2017): 350–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-05-2015-0132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Despite remarkable economic growth in the last two decades, corruption is a “way of life” in Bangladesh. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long run relationship between economic development and corruption in Bangladesh over 1984-2013. Design/methodology/approach This study employs autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test method to examine the long run relationship or cointegration between corruption and per capita real GDP in Bangladesh using annual time series data. International Country Risk Guide’s (ICRG) corruption index is used as the proxy to measure the degree of corruption. Findings The results of ARDL bounds test confirm that there exists a long run association between corruption and economic development in Bangladesh. Findings from the long run estimation provide evidence of negative impact of corruption on economic development. The negative value of the error correction term in the short model reinforces the existence of long run relationship. Originality/value Using multivariate time series approach, this paper contributes to corruption literature by investigating the long run relation between corruption and economic development in Bangladesh. Bangladesh would be able to accelerate its economic development further by reducing the level of corruption through institutional reforms and raising public awareness. Most importantly, government should focus on identifying and abolishing laws and programmes promoting corruption.
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Kalirajan, K. P., and R. A. Salim. "Economic Reforms and Productive Capacity Realisation in Bangladesh: an Empirical Analysis." Journal of Industrial Economics 45, no. 4 (December 1997): 387–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6451.00055.
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Bashar, Omar K. M. R., and Habibullah Khan. "The Impact Of Economic Reforms On Growth: A Case Study Of Bangladesh." Journal of Developing Areas 46, no. 2 (2012): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jda.2012.0028.
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Ramesh Kurpad, Meenakshi. "Made in Bangladesh: challenges to the ready-made garment industry." Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 13, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-06-2013-0019.
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Purpose – The primary aim of this paper is to evaluate the challenges before the growth of the ready-made garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh, the economy's backbone, and suggest appropriate reform. Design/methodology/approach – The paper begins by tracing the growth and evolution of the RMG industry before identifying the challenges. It then proceeds to suggest appropriate reform for the same. Findings – The paper argues for more effective models of collective bargaining and unionism as a solution to the problems that the industry faces. Originality/value – The paper is the first of its kind in the sense that it is a comprehensive account of the challenges to the RMG industry in Bangladesh.
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Khatun, Fahmida. "Growth Narrative of Bangladesh Economy." Making of Contemporary Maldives: Isolation, Dictatorship and Democracy 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52823/mjkd3752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bangladesh has made impressive progress and undergone structural changes over the last five decades despite resource constraints and various social and political challenges. However, while in the long-term, its economic growth is remarkable, the short-term performance is somewhat disappointing. Moreover, while the average and aggregate numbers paint an inspiring image, disaggregated indicators do not often support the apparent good health of the economy. This paper brings out two issues: (i) what have been the growth drivers of Bangladesh economy, and (ii) what have been the outcomes of growth. It also makes a number of recommendations for maintaining, expediting and sustaining the growth momentum. The article recommends for more employment generation in the formal sector, reduction of inequality, mobilization of higher domestic resources, energizing private investment, and above all, ensuring good governance. The paper emphasizes on continuous institutional reforms to improve the quality of growth and ensure distributional justice in Bangladesh.
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Quadir, Fahimul. "The political economy of pro-market reforms in Bangladesh: Regime consolidation through economic liberalization?" Contemporary South Asia 9, no. 2 (July 2000): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713658731.
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Pandey, Sushil, Sudhir Yadav, Jon Hellin, Jean Balié, Humnath Bhandari, Arvind Kumar, and Manoranjan K. Mondal. "Why Technologies Often Fail to Scale: Policy and Market Failures behind Limited Scaling of Alternate Wetting and Drying in Rice in Bangladesh." Water 12, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051510.
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Rapid expansion of groundwater use for irrigation for dry season rice production in Bangladesh has led to overuse, deterioration of groundwater quality, increased cost of irrigation, and higher greenhouse gas emissions. The divergence between marginal private and social cost of irrigation due to market failures in the presence of these externalities, has resulted in excessive use of groundwater. A combination of policy reforms and improvements in irrigation practices are hence needed to reduce irrigation water use. The paper analyses why an improved irrigation practice, known as “alternate wetting and drying (AWD)” that can potentially reduce irrigation water use substantially, has failed to scale despite widespread testing and promotion in Bangladesh for over a decade. The main reason for this failure to scale is the lack of economic incentives to save water as pricing is based on per unit area irrigated, not on the amount of water used. This paper highlights the dynamics of the water market and pricing in Bangladesh, along with biophysical and social constraints to farmer adoption of AWD. It also proposes changes in policy incentives, new directions for crop and water management research, and institutional reforms for wider adoption of AWD and other water-saving practices.
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Hassan, Md Shahinur, Md Mizanuzzaman Mizanuzzaman, and K. M. Anwarul Islam. "The Effects of Training to the Employee Performance and Development: A Study of Fareast Islami Life Insurance Company Limited, Bangladesh." International Journal of Business and Management Future 4, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijbmf.v4i2.785.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fostering more efficient capital allocation; encouraging loss mitigation; enabling risk to be managed more efficiently; helping mobilized savings; facilitating trade and commerce; substituting for and complementing government security programs and promoting financial stability insurance company plays a vital role to a country's economy. Despite prolonged political instability, poor infrastructure, endemic corruption, insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms Bangladesh's economy has grown by approximately 6 percent annually for two decades. In this case, the insurance companies of Bangladesh have been keeping a significant role for a long since. Considering the enhancement of the development of insurance sectors, different institutes and academics have been established. But those are inadequate for the fulfillment of developing this industry and manpower also. So, regarding this context, I select the matter of The Effects of Training & Development of Performance: A Case Study of Fareast Islamic Life Insurance Ltd. This study is conducted to Fareast Islamic Life Insurance Head Office and its five branch offices. Identification of the improvement of manpower and their occupational development and how they can contribute to their organization is the main issue of this study.
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Faguet, Jean-Paul, and Zulfiqar Ali. "Making Reform Work: Institutions, Dispositions, and the Improving Health of Bangladesh." World Development 37, no. 1 (January 2009): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.02.011.
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Mamun, Mehadi. "The Impact of Foreign Aid Conditionality on Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh: A Recipient’s Perspective." Business and Economic Research 11, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v11i3.18927.
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Donors provide aid to the recipient government with conditions to implement some policies so that the recipient government can use aid effectively and able to improve its economic, social, and political situation as well as reduce its poverty. However, concerns have been raised that aid conditionality has promoted reforms that could not reduce the poverty situation in some countries such as sub-Saharan Africa, while some countries in East Asia were able to break out of poverty and find themselves better off than before the conditional aid was accepted. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of foreign aid conditionality on poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. The paper is qualitative in nature and a case study on Bangladesh. The study has been conducted by using secondary data, like journal articles, research papers, and Bangladesh government and aid donors’ reports. The study finds that Bangladesh has started to show considerable improvement in reducing poverty, though it is still ranking low on the Human Development Index. The findings have important implications for policymakers and captured insights about the foreign aid conditionality in Bangladesh.
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Nahar, Bodrun, and Mahinda Siriwardana. "Trade Opening, Fiscal Reforms, Poverty, and Inequality: A CGE Analysis for Bangladesh." Developing Economies 51, no. 2 (May 26, 2013): 145–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/deve.12009.
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SALIM, RUHUL AMIN. "MEASURING PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY REALIZATION OF BANGLADESH FOOD MANUFACTURING: A RANDOM COEFFICIENT FRONTIER APPROACH." Singapore Economic Review 46, no. 02 (October 2001): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590801000292.
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The aim of this paper is to empirically estimate the firm level productive capacity realization (PCR) by using the stochastic coefficient frontier production function. Empirical estimations have been done using firm level data from Bangladesh food manufacturing covering the inter-temporal periods 1988, 1992 and 1996. The results suggest that there are considerable levels of unrealized production capacity in the food processing sector and very little improvement occurred in realization of productive capacity after the implementation of economic reforms. So, there is enough room for increasing output by realizing substantial unrealized capacity.
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Biswas, Pallab Kumar. "Corporate governance reforms in emerging countries: A case study of Bangladesh." International Journal of Disclosure and Governance 12, no. 1 (September 12, 2013): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jdg.2013.31.
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ROY, DEBANJANA, and SOUMYENDRA KISHORE DATTA. "Analysis of Achievement of Selected MDGs: A Comparative Study between India and Bangladesh." Bangladesh Development Studies XLIII, no. 1&2 (August 1, 2021): 79–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.57138/dhoq5398.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper focuses on the relative achievement of five major Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for India and Bangladesh. This is done by constructing indices with the help of the UNDP goal-post method and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. From the analysis, it is revealed that these two countries have more or less successfully performed to bring about positive reforms in the case of hunger alleviation, the progress of primary education, improvement in child and maternal health, establishing better environment against sex discrepancy, etc. It also identifies the policies and programmes set by the two countries for the attainment of the respective goals. The paper shows that though these two developing nations performed quite satisfactorily to deal with deprivation afflicted issues and address the prevailing status of socio-economic malaises, the achievements were sometimes not continuous and marked by undulations.
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Sharmin, Sultana, Helmut Yabar, and Delmaria Richards. "Green Energy Optimization in Dinajpur, Bangladesh: A Path to Net Neutrality." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021336.
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Bangladesh has endured a significant power crisis as its economy grows. Hence, it is crucial to investigate the 40% expansion of renewable energy to attain the 2041 renewable energy goal as delineated by the government of Bangladesh. The study explores the current agricultural waste situation in rural areas of the Dinajpur District to propose a feasible alternative and integrated waste management system to meet the energy policy targets for animal waste and crop residues. It analyzed the spatial distribution of feedstocks, identified the optimal sites for the locations of biogas plants based on socioeconomic and environmental criteria and geographic information, and evaluated biogas production to satisfy electricity demand using geographic information system (GIS) suitability analysis and hotspot analysis by proposing six different scenarios. The results show that 2.81 million tons of total agricultural residues are sufficient to produce 11.31 million m3 per year of biogas in the study area. Furthermore, it is found that 21 biogas-based power plants using cattle manure and rice straw are spatially and technically feasible to produce 6389.14 kW of electrical energy per year, which meets 5.73% of the demand of the district in 2019. From the 6 proposed scenarios, number 4 can produce the maximum electricity, 3047.41 kW/year. The findings support the target of achieving a clean, green, sustainable energy system in Bangladesh while improving agricultural residue management. Estimating substrate availability and location is one of the first steps in promoting biogas-based energy from cattle manure and rice straw, which demands comprehensive technical, economic, and social policy reforms. Moreover, bioenergy expansion in Dinajpur District via biogasification represents a commitment to long-term investments in rural areas of Bangladesh.
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Gupta, P. "Assessing factors affecting FDI in developing Asian countries." Review of Business and Economics Studies 9, no. 2 (November 19, 2021): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2021-9-2-6-28.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper focuses on various factors that affect the inflow of Foreign Direct Investment in developing countries. The study majorly deals with Asian countries, namely India, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Bhutan, that are progressing from being aid-dependent to trading giants. The factors affecting FDI are majorly categorised into dependent and independent variables. Here, in this study, the dependent variable considered is FDI inflow, and independent variables are market size, the value of the currency, export, import, gross fixed capital formation, GDP deflator, cost of borrowing and economic reforms. Pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS), fixed effect and random effect regression analysis is done to ascertain the best regression model and various tests are performed to check the intensity of effect caused by each independent variable on our dependent variable.
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Chowdhury, Abdullah Al Mamun, and Md Margub Hussain. "Quality Assessment in Surgery- Conceptual Framework." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 38, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v38i2.45634.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
‘Quality’ is a popular demand in health care. Surgeons as professionals are consistently putting their efforts to meet this demand. The standard and dimensions of ‘quality’ are changing and expectations are rising along with social reforms driven by scientific and economic growth. On the other hand, objective assessment of care in surgical patients is difficult and dependent on factors that are not precisely related to surgical skills. It is rather performance of all in the organization and sum of each and every human and system effort. In this effort we will discuss factors related to surgical care quality and different methods of assessment and their limitations. For quality surgical care, good intent, enabling environment with organized supportive system is required with skilled surgical team and meticulous monitoring system along the care process.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(2): 93-97
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Saleh, Mugaahed Abdu Kaid, and Manjunath K.R. "Embracing Entrepreneurial Change: Enterprising In Yemen Compared With Other Least Developed Countries." Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Administrative Sciences 2, no. 4 (November 7, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/jareas.v2i4.336.
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Purpose: The stud aims to compare the status of entrepreneurship activities and the encouragement of entrepreneurship in the five least-developed countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Rwanda, Sudan, and Yemen. Approach/Methodology/Design: A comparative method is adopted, a comparison of the status of entrepreneurship among five different least developed countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Rwanda, Sudan, and Yemen). By relying on secondary data, with the help of tabulation and visualization of the data, four main variables are used to compare entrepreneurship in these countries (Definition, development, obstacles, and reforms). Findings: The results showed that the least developed countries do not pay much attention to the sector of SMEs as a crucial sector for economic development. Among the five countries, Rwanda is found to be the reference point in achieving remarkable development in the aspect of entrepreneurial development. Practical Implications: Based on the different experiences examined in the study, a model of the key drivers of entrepreneurial change is suggested. It would act as a roadmap to drive the economy towards achieving entrepreneurial change as in the case of Rwanda. Originality/value: The study proposes a model for embracing entrepreneurial change which can be tested and validated in further research work. The study also attempts to attract the attention of policymakers and international development partners towards the importance of encouraging entrepreneurship activities in the least developed countries.
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Patwary, AKM Asaduzzaman. "Relation of migration trend and gender of RMG labour force in Industrial areas in Bangladesh." Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation 2, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.daengku719.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Legitimate labour migration has, no doubt, got much attention in various economies and labour force irrespective of gender tempt for diverse employment. Industrial employment and job concentration in industrial cluster always provoke work driven migration. People relocate their whereabouts based on their secure livelihoods. And, economic centralization and targeted migration thus associate each other with no exception in Bangladesh. In the 5-decade long industrial history, many changes, reforms and challenges were noticed throughout our industrial ecosystem and labour dynamics. Labour force is a critical strength for efficient and low-cost productivity. In this regard, our mixed labour force, skilled, semi and unskilled workforce, has shaped our local industry and positioned as the most competitive regionally and contributed to gain productivity momentum and foreign trade growth. RMG industry, the forefront export-oriented sector of economy, has emerged as the largest employer of local migrated workforce of all contemporary industries in Bangladesh encouraging labour migration in urban area. This industry shares relatively large in GDP and export earning. With unprecedented contribution by RMG to economy, this study attempted to know whether any relationship of migration trend and gender status since this industry is a female dominant industry. The assessment of correlation is justifiably demanded due to women employment intensity since inception. But, this quantitative research-cause and effect study resulted that gender and migration condition and flow have no positive relationship and integration upon applying non-parametric test Chi-square test of significance. Around 252 independent samples from RMG factories in Dhaka and nearby districts where industrial hubs are located. It has obtained the null and rejected alternative hypothesis. These findings may help for national perspective planning and development planning. The drawn outcomes may also enable us national resource planning, mapping and human development index. As well, we can measure labour productivity in RMG industry and plan for future facility as well urban living and economic development.
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Sanjeev Kumar H. M. "The Colonial Genealogies of Political Decay and Legitimation Crises: An Enquiry into the Predicament of State-construction in Post-colonial South Asia." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 76, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 276–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928420917802.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article is an attempt to conceptualise and theoretically explain the colonial genealogies of the processes of state-making and state-construction in post-colonial South Asia. In pursuit of this, the article seeks to theorise the colonial ways of providing a sense of fixity of political territoriality, held together by colonially crafted institutions of metropolitan governance, as an independent variable in determining the nature of the processes of state-making and state-construction in the region. On this count, an enquiry into the complex trajectory of these post-colonial political processes, which are the dependent variables for this article, is the fundamental problematic of analysis. This problematic would be decoded with the help of a dual conceptual framework, involving what Samuel Huntington designates as political decay and the legitimation crisis given by Jurgen Habermas. In the context of South Asia, the predicaments of political decay and legitimation crisis, according to this article, manifest as after-effects of engagement on the part of the region’s post-colonial polities with the imported values of colonial modernity and neoliberal economic reforms. By drawing instances from two countries of the Indian subcontinent, Pakistan and Bangladesh, the article tries to show how these after-effects have played out in the form of a tumultuous political history of the processes of state-making and state-construction. The article, in this way, is an attempt to theorise the inter-sectionalities between the colonial and post-colonial periods of South Asia. This has been done here by problematising such a historical inter-sectionality from the perspective of the two intervening variables—the received values of colonial metropolis and the morals of modernity—mediated through neoliberal economic reforms.
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Atanacio Pérez, Angel Giovanny, Tirso J. Hernández Gracia, and Danae Duana Ávila. "Foreign Direct Investment and Its Impact on The Regional Level: A Prospective Analysis." Journal of Administrative Science 3, no. 6 (January 5, 2022): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/jas.v3i6.8140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Some countries in development like China, the Philippines, Nigeria, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Vietnam and Ukraine do an active promotion in order to raise foreign direct investment (FDI) under the proposal of a positive effect in economic growth while implementing this type of fundraising. Thus, it constitutes an important source of external financing, allowing increases in productivity through technologic transfer as well as rises in competitiveness, efficiency in the managerial models, and expand the countries’ exporting capabilities. After the economic crisis experienced in the 80’s, Latin America, specifically countries like Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, that have based their financing in loans, stopped to raise money by these means when the crisis appeared, arising as an alternative the FDI, also on account of the foreign creditors demanding the payment of their issued resources and the warning of not giving any more financing until these countries restructure their economies, it was established the capital stock of the recipient economy. In this context, it was necessary to implement structural reforms, which were contemplated in the “Washington Consensus”, such as price stabilization and fiscal deficit control with the purpose of recovering the trust to investors and reactivating the capital flow through loans or foreign direct investment aimed at Latin America. In 1990, foreign direct investment became the primary source of external financing to peripheral countries (Aitken y Harrison, 1999:1).
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Hossain, Sk Alamgir, and K. M. Anwarul Islam. "Impact of Basel II & III Implementation to Mitigate Bank Risk: A Study on Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited." Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 1, no. 2 (November 23, 2017): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v1i2.88.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study has examined the implementation process, effects, outcomes, of Basel II & reforms of Basel III within the Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited. The purpose of Basel II is to create regulation about how many capital banks need to put away to guard against the financial and operational risk. Basel III newly introduced accord provides stricter approach toward managing risk with capital in order to strengthen capital & liquidity structure of international banking system. The purpose & aim of this study is to analyze capital adequacy framework whether it is complied with the regulatory supervisions under the prescription of Bangladesh bank as well as its capability to absorb shocks arising from financial and economic stress. Published disclosures & financial statements of last five years are used to collect data. OLS regression model is used to find out the relationship between profitability and capital adequacy requirement in terms of relevant influencing variables (e.g. asset turnover, size of the firm, capital adequacy ratios).capital adequacy ratio of this bank is higher than minimum standard level. The average capital adequacy ratio (CAR) is about 13.78%. The result of regression analysis is statistically significant and there is a positive relationship between capital and return on asset (ROA).If the capital adequacy requirement is increased the return on asset (ROA) will be increased. Islamic Banking sector has some uniqueness compared to the conventional Banking sector. Products are linked with real economic activities that are why financial crisis of 2008 did not create any extreme pressure on this sector.
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Hameed, Muhammad Reehan, Hafsah Batool, Arman Khan, Iftakhar Ahmed, and Naeem Ur Rehman. "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES FOR SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 464–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9245.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose of the study: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations (UN) in 2015 comprising a universally acceptable worldwide development agenda which each country of the world has to achieve till 2030. The purpose of this study is to examine the socio-economic and political transformational challenges confronted to South Asian Countries (SA) i.e. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, in achieving the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Methodology: The study uses different statistics of World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Health Organizations (WHO), and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to give a comprehensive picture of South Asian economies and the challenges which they are currently facing for achieving the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In our preliminary analysis, the methodology highlighted the issues of South Asian Countries such as poverty (SDG 1), healthy lives and well-being (SDG 3), inclusive and equitable quality education (SDG 4), sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all (SDG 8)".
Principal Findings: The statistics presented regarding South Asian economies exhibit a dismal picture. At present, the attainment of these stipulated goals seems impossible and remains elusive if some serious measures have not been taken. The role of DCs and the world community as a whole is significant in this regard. To save the planet from extreme poverty, hunger, malnutrition, equitable access to modern technology, improved education and health for all human beings, the developed countries should give at least one percent of their GNP in the form of development assistance to poor countries. The study suggests that good governance that could undertake and implement structural reforms is necessary to deal with the challenges confronting to South Asian countries in achieving the targets of these stipulated goals. More importantly, the Developed Countries (DCs) started to implement their strategies to view SDGs' targets. Now it is a dire need that DCs should assist the Under Developed Countries (UDCs) and help them from their experience in identifying the transformational challenges which they possibly have to face in achieving SDGs' targets. Otherwise, it looks impossible for the UDCs to come up with these targets till 2030.
Applications of this study: The study highlighted some key challenges that South Asian countries face to achieve the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study outcomes can prove very much helpful for South Asian countries for achieving these targets and devising thriving economic policies generous to attaining their targets till 2030.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study gives a brief picture of the current position of the South Asian countries where they stand regard to Sustainable Development Goals' targets. Moreover, the results and policy recommendations presented at the end of the study provides help to deal with the challenges that are big hindrances in achieving the targets of these SDGs.
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Gotur, Padma. "Bangladesh: Economic Reform Measures and the Poor." SSRN Electronic Journal, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.884756.
Повний текст джерела
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Mamun, Mohammad, and Md Mizanur Rahman. "An Analysis of Japan’s Recent Economic Crisis: Lessons for Bangladesh." Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, December 25, 2021, 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2021/v27i1230380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Japan has experienced rapid growth during 1960-69, around 10.9%, whereas it started the development process from almost ‘zero’ after WWII. Since the independence of Bangladesh, the country has received a significant amount of contribution from Japan in various sectors. Japan is facing stagnation for over two decades. The economy started crippling with the collapse of stock and land prices in the mid-1980s through Bubble Economy. It slipped further due to the global financial crisis of 2008, which led to recession and deflation. For the last two decades, Bangladesh is also approaching a stable growth, around 6.5% per year, and has the ambition to achieve around 8% in the 8th five-year plan. Therefore, the study’s main objective is to explore why Japan cannot increase its inflation rate at its expectable level and its way out and to find out what sorts of policy Bangladesh should take for avoiding the Japanese type of economic crisis. The study applied qualitative methodology depending on Desktop/Secondary source-based research where available documents were reviewed critically. The findings indicate that Japan had tried to raise inflation by 2% through three arrows which are popularly known as Abenomics which are quantitative and qualitative monetary easing (QQE), fiscal expansion and structural reform. This policy failed since it did not consider the context of Japan. With an increasingly ageing population and decreasing population growth rate, Japan has a unique and distinguished demographic structure that affects the supply and demand side of the economy. Therefore, Bangladesh should not adopt any economic policy without considering its very own unique characteristics.