Дисертації з теми "Balancing group"

The creation of the performance work UKULELE MEKULELE is used as a site to uncover the interactions between the work of the sole author and group-devised processes. The increasing acceptance of the 'openness' in contemporary theatre practice has strong implications for the role of the sole author, who traditionally has been the provider of the 'closed' - known quantities that are subsequently 'realised' by a production. How can the sole author best write for the seemingly contradictory environment of the group-devised production? Critical incidents from the performance are selected for study. These 'moments that work' and their provenance are utilized as examples of the interaction of the various forces at play in the performance making process. The researcher's intimate contact with the artwork entails a unique vantage point from which to observe these forces at work. Their evocation and analysis will have relevance for the creators of live art in collaborative contexts.

Volumetric rendering is used to visualize volume data from e.g. scientific simulations. Many advanced applications use large gigabyte- or terabyte-sized data sets, which typically means that multiple compute nodes need to partake in the rendering process to achieve interactive frame rates. Load balancing is generally used to optimize the rendering performance. In existing load balancing techniques, nodes generally only render directly-connected data and handle load balancing based on data locality in kd-trees. This approach can result in redundant data transfers and unbalanced data distribution, which affect the frame rate and increase the hardware requirements of all nodes. In this thesis we present a novel load balancing technique for sort-last volume rendering which utilizes a group hierarchy. The technique allows nodes to render data from arbitrary positions in the volume, without inducing a costly image compositing stage. The technique is compared to a static load balancing technique as well as a dynamic kd-tree based load balancing technique. Our testing demonstrated that the presented technique performed better than or equal to the kd-tree based technique while also lowering the worst-case memory usage complexity of all nodes. Utilizing a group hierarchy effectively helped to lower the compositing time of the presented technique.
Volumetrisk rendering används för att visualisera bland annat vetenskapligasimuleringar. Inom avancerade användingsområden används ofta dataset med en storlek på flera gigabyte eller terabyte. Detta medför att flera noder ofta måste användas för att uppnå en interaktiv bildfrekvens. Belastningsutjämning används generellt för att optimera renderingsprestandan. I befintliga tekniker renderar noder vanligtvis endast direkt sammankopplad data och utför belastningsutjämning baserat på datalokalitet i kd-träd. Detta kan resultera i redundanta dataöverföringar och en obalanserad datadistribution, vilket påverkar bildfrekvensen och ökar hårdvarukraven för alla noder. I denna avhandling presenterar vi en ny teknik för belastningsutjämning för sort-last volumetrisk rendering som använder en grupphierarki. Tekniken tillåter noder att rendera data från godtyckliga positioner i volymen utan att förorsaka ett kostsamt steg för bildsammansättning. Tekniken jämförs med en statisk belastningsutjämningsteknik såväl som en dynamisk belastningsutjämningsteknik baserad på kd-träd. Våra tester visar att den presenterade tekniken presterar bättre eller likvärdigt med den kd-trädbaserade tekniken medan den samtidigt sänker minneskomplexiteten för alla noder. Användandet av en grupphierarki sänkte effektivt bildsammansättningstiden för den presenterade tekniken.

The term “Internet of Things” (IoT) was first introduced by a technology pioneer Kevin Ashton in 1999.Although the term is relatively new, the idea of making networks and computers communicate in order totrack and manage devices has been around for many years. As of now IoT is a rising topic in technicalcommunity. Some specialists are anticipating that by 2025 there will be around 100 billion connected IoTdevices with a worldwide economic impact of more than $11 trillion. On the other hand, Internet of Thingsemerges significant challenges. Currently the organization around world use two main approaches whenentering the IoT market. First one is an open platform and is represented by interoperability andcollaboration with devices from different vendors. Second one is a closed platform, or a “walled garden”approach. A “walled garden” approach is characterized by building “fences” around the user. In other words,the service provider has control over applications, content and media and also restricts the non-approvedcontent to reach the customer. Therefore, the research set out to explore these approaches and show thebenefits and limits they can have on an organization. The research was conducted in collaboration with aSwedish manufacturer of outdoor power products called Husqvarna Group. In order to fully acknowledgethe organization’s approach, 4 interviews were conducted with managers, back end developers andconsultants hired by Husqvarna Group. From the findings, some things should be taken in consideration.First, IoT involves big data being collected, therefore security and privacy are crucial when developingdevices and systems. Second, it is essential for an organization to have the same views when taking a newdirection. Third, when discussing Internet of Things, it means that things connect, devices to sensors,sensor to gateways and gateways to system. And there shouldn’t be a delimitation from a vendor to another.Therefore, open platform approach is seen as the way to diversity and innovation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 129 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: D. Lynn Forster, Dept. of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-129).

Актуальність роботи. Балансування електроенергії в новому ринку електричної енергії є одним з актуальних питань. Для їх мінімізації окрім більш чіткішого прогнозування створюють балансуючі групи, тому був розроблений метод балансування для максимального зменшення небалансів. Також для подальшої закупівлі електроенергії створена модель аналізу часових рядів для прогнозування ціноутворення. Раціональність використання балансування електричної енергії багато в чому залежить від обсягу споживання підприємства та наявності Автоматизована система комерційного обліку електричної енергії (АСКОЕ) . Найбільше ефективне балансування в балансуючій групі, де більшість підприємств мають обсяг споживання 100-600 тис. кВт·год, тим самим це буде вигідно для підприємств у яких менше або більше споживання від заданого діапазону. Також для зменшення втрать розглядається питання з фінансової точки зору, а саме прогнозування ціноутворення. Для цього проводиться аналіз часових рядів для визначення ціноутворення електричної енергії. Це дуже ефективно для закупівлі електричної енергії на ринку добу наперед (РДН) та внутрішньодобового ринку (ВДР). Мета та завдання дослідження: зменшення небалансів електроспоживання промислових підприємств, шляхом балансування електроенергії в балансуючій групі та аналізу часових рядів для визначення ціноутворення електричної енергії для закупівлі на РДН та ВДР для прогнозування вигідності споживання. 1. Проаналізувати споживання та заявлений обсяг промислового підприємства, який купує електричну енергію на оптовому, а у майбутньому і на балансуючому ринку електричної енергії. 2. Оцінити вигідність для приєднання промислового підприємства до балансуючої групи. 3. Розробити методику методи балансування електроенергії в балансуючій групі. 4. Розробити модель аналізу часових рядів для прогнозування ціноутворення на РДН. 6. Оцінити та перевірити якість роботи моделі шляхом порівняння фактичних значень на період який прогнозується. Об’єктом дослідження є небаланси та ціни електричної енергії. Предмет дослідження: методи балансування електроенергії в балансуючій групі та аналіз часових рядів для визначення ціноутворення електричної енергії. Методи дослідження. Розробки і дослідження проводилися на основі теорії математичного моделювання, модель аналізу часових рядів для прогнозування ціноутворення. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів. 1. Розроблено методологія балансування електроенергії в балансуючій групі. 2. Створена модель аналізу часових рядів для прогнозування ціноутворення. Практичне значення одержаних результатів. Дослідження, що було проведене в роботі може бути використане: - для зниження фінансових витрат підприємств, які виникають при відхиленні фактичних обсягів електричного споживання від обсягів, заявле- них до покупки на ринку електричної енергії, шляхом балансування електроенергії в балансуючій групі; - для прогнозування ціноутворення для подальших закупівель на ринках або аукціонах; - для вибору найбільш оптимального плану роботи підприємства у ви- падку коли спрогнозована вигідна ціна .
Relevance of work. Balancing electricity in the new electricity market is one of the pressing issues. In addition to more clearly forecasting, balancing groups have been created to minimize them, so a balancing method has been developed to maximize the reduction of imbalances. The rationality of the use of balancing electricity depends largely on the volume of consumption of the enterprise and the availability of the Automated System of Commercial Electricity Metering (ASCOE) . hour, thereby it will be beneficial for enterprises that have less or more consumption from a given range. Also, to reduce losses, the issue is considered from a financial point of view, namely forecasting pricing. To do this, the analysis of time series is carried out to determine the pricing of electricity . Purpose and research objectives: to reduce the imbalances of power consumption of industrial enterprises, by balancing electricity in the balancing group and analysis in time series to determine the pricing of electricity for purchase on RDN and VDR to predict the profitability of consumption. 1. Analyze consumption and the declared volume of industrial enterprise that buys electricity at wholesale, and in the future and in the balancing market of electricity. 2. Assess the profitability for joining the industrial enterprise in the balancing group. 3. Develop methods of balancing electricity in the balancing group. 4. Develop a model of time series analysis to predict the pricing of RDN. 6. Oto value and to revibrate the quality of the model by comparing the actual values for the period that is projected. The object of research is imbalances and prices of electric energy. Subject of research: methods of balancing electricity in the balancing group and analysis of time series to determine the pricing of electric energy. Research methods. Developments and researches were conducted on the basis of the theory of mathematical modeling, a model of time series analysis for forecasting pricing. Scientific novelty of the obtained results. 1. The etiology of balancing electricity in the balancing group was developed. 2. A model for analyzing time series for forecasting pricing has been created. The practical significance of the obtained results. The research that was conducted in the work can be used: - to reduce the financial costs of enterprises that arise when deviating the actual volumes of electricity consumption from volumes, stated - them to purchase electricity on the market, by balancing electricity in the balancing group; - to predict pricing for further purchases in markets or auctions; - to choose the most optimal plan of work of the enterprise in you - a paddock when the favorable price is predicted.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects the lives of 1 in 54 children in the United States. By definition, these children often have social communication deficits as well as restrictive and repetitive behaviors that are socially isolating. Inclusion of participants with disabilities such as ASD in classroom or group settings with peers is a high-priority goal for building skills that lead to independent living and higher quality of life for all. Balancing an individual’s class or group participation is not always easy with different levels of social skills, however. In a classroom, this can translate to difficulty in knowing how to participate in a way that is equal to that of their peers—oftentimes children with ASD do not realize that others also need a turn to speak or that other children are not as interested in their restricted ¬interests as they are. We used differential reinforcement and self-monitoring within an existing token system to reduce excess participation in group settings for some individuals, with the goal of better balancing opportunities for all group members to participate. Called "Stack the Deck," this simple intervention allowed for more uninterrupted instruction time with fewer talk outs and meltdowns from adolescents with ASD. Our intervention occurred in a clinical setting, a once-weekly social skills group utilizing the PEERS Social Skills manualized intervention for adolescents with ASD. Groups ran for 12–14 weeks in duration and taught skills such as how to make friends, how to enter and exit conversations, as well as how to host "get-togethers." Our sample size was 33, with 26 males and 7 females. These participants met criteria for autism spectrum disorder and/or had significant social impairment, and had age-appropriate verbal and cognitive abilities by parent report (later measured within the study). Across our A-B intervention, we saw changes over time when it came to participation rates for over-responders (participants who attempted to respond far above the group average during baseline) and under-responders (participants who attempted to respond at rates far below the group average during baseline), with no changes (the desired result) for individuals who were already participating at an appropriate rate. Over-responders showed the most significant changes. A secondary finding of reduced talk-outs overall within the groups was also found. These results suggest that a fairly simple group behavioral intervention was able to produce a group environment more conducive to direct instruction that has direct application to inclusive classrooms as well as clinical environments. Further research can determine if the effects within individuals seen in one setting carry over to others.

A tese busca identificar os elementos jurídicos e extrajurídicos que interferem sobre o comportamento judicial do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A análise é desenvolvida com base nos seguintes modelos decisórios: o modelo legalista, o modelo ideológico, o modelo institucional e o modelo estratégico de comportamento judicial. Ao longo do trabalho, examina-se a influência do direito, da ideologia, das normas que regem o Judiciário, das regras que regem as decisões colegiadas, do Poder Executivo, do Poder Legislativo, da opinião pública e da imprensa no processo decisório do Supremo Tribunal Federal.
This work aims at identifying legal and non-legal factors that interfere with Brazilian Supreme Court decisions. The analysis is developed with basis on the legal model, on the attitudinal model, on the institutional model and on the strategic model of judicial decision-making. It examines the influence of constitutional law, ideology, collegial process, Executive Power, Legislative Power, public opinion and of the media on Brazilian Supreme Court attitudes.

Cette thèse se pose la question de savoir comment la politique budgétaire pourrait être utilisée à des fins de financement du développement. Elle identifie et explore les canaux par lesquels les pays en développement peuvent efficacement mobiliser les ressources (internes et externes) pour le financement du développement. Pour cela, nous conduisons des recherches axées sur les politiques économiques (en utilisant des outils statistiques et économétriques appropriés) et nous formulons des recommandations de politiques économiques aux pays en développement. La première partie de cette thèse s’intéresse à la question de la mobilisation des ressources externes dans les pays en développement (Chapitre 1 et Chapitre 2). Dans le Chapitre 1, nous analysons les effets des dépenses publiques sur les spreads de taux dans les pays émergents. Nous montrons que les pays en développement pourraient avoir un meilleur accès aux marchés financiers internationaux en augmentant leurs investissements publics et en réduisant leurs dépenses courantes. Plus précisément, les dépenses en capital humain (éducation et santé) et autres infrastructures publiques réduisent considérablement les spreads de taux. Ils devraient également améliorer la qualité de la gouvernance puisque les marchés financiers récompensent les pays bien gouvernés à travers de meilleures conditions d'emprunt. Nous examinons, dans le Chapitre 2, la force des règles de politiques budgétaires en termes d’amélioration de l’accès des marchés financiers internationaux par les pays en développement. Nous trouvons que l’adoption de règles budgétaires réduit les taux d’intérêts sur la détention des obligations d’Etat souverains et par conséquent améliore l’accès aux marchés financiers. Nous expliquons ce résultat par le canal de la crédibilité de la politique budgétaire : les gouvernements crédibles sont récompensés sur les marchés financiers internationaux par de faibles taux d’intérêt et des notations élevées des dettes souveraines. Nos résultats prouvent que l’adoption et la bonne mise en œuvre des règles de politiques budgétaires constitue un moyen substantiel pour les décideurs publics d’améliorer l’accès des pays en développement aux marchés financiers internationaux. La deuxième partie de cette thèse se focalise sur ce que les pays en développement pourraient faire pour améliorer la mobilisation des ressources internes (Chapitre 3 et Chapitre 4). En effet, nous explorons la relation entre l’adoption des règles budgétaires et la réduction des inégalités de revenus (Chapitre 3) et nous trouvons que l’adoption des règles budgétaires réduit les inégalités de revenus. Ces pays pourront financer leur développement de façon soutenable (à travers la réduction des inégalités) en adoptant des règles budgétaires. En outre, nous évaluons les effets de la lutte contre les flux financiers illicites sur la mobilisation de recettes fiscales (Chapitre 4). Nous révélons que les pays qui respectent les Recommandations du Groupe d’Action Financière (GAFI) en matière de lutte contre le blanchiment d’argent et le financement du terrorisme (pays coopératifs) enregistrent des montants de recettes fiscales plus élevés comparativement aux pays qui ne respectent pas ces Recommandations (pays non coopératifs). Par conséquent, les pays en développement pourront mobiliser plus de recettes fiscales en mettant en œuvre des politiques visant à empêcher les flux financiers illicites. Par ailleurs, ils doivent mettre en place de bonnes institutions
The central question of this thesis is how fiscal policy could be used for development finance purposes. Indeed, we identify and investigate pathways through which developing states can mobilize resources to improve sustainable development. For this purpose, we conduct policy-oriented researches (using suitable statistical and econometrical tools) and provide advices for developing countries. The first part of the dissertation addresses the issue of external resources mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 1 and Chapter 2). In Chapter 1, we investigate the effects of public expenditures on sovereign bond spreads in emerging market countries. We show that developing countries could have a better access to international financial market by supporting public investment and reducing current spending. Specifically, spending on human capital (education and health) and other public infrastructures significantly reduce bond spreads. They should also improve the quality of governance since financial markets award well-governed countries with better borrowing conditions. We examine, in Chapter 2, the strength of fiscal rules in terms of improving financial markets access for developing countries. We find that the adoption of fiscal rules reduces sovereign bond spreads and consequently improve financial market access. Indeed, this result is explained by the credibility of fiscal policy channel: more credible governments are rewarded in the international financial markets with low sovereign bond spreads and high sovereign debt ratings. Our findings confirm that the adoption and sound implementation of fiscal rules is an instrument for policy makers to improve developing countries’ financial market access. The second part of the dissertation focuses on what developing countries could do to improve internal resources mobilization (Chapter 3 and Chapter 4). As a matter of fact, we explore the relationship between fiscal rules and inequality (Chapter 3) and find that fiscal rules adoption contributes to reduce inequality in developing countries. The policy implication is that developing countries could finance their development in a sustainable way (via the reduction of inequalities) by adopting fiscal rules. Moreover, we assess the effects of combating illicit financial flows on domestic tax revenue mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 4). We highlight that countries which cooperate with international standards for anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) are more able to mobilize tax revenue than countries which do not cooperate. Consequently, developing countries could mobilize more domestic tax revenue by implementing policies to curtail illicit financial flows. They should establish sound institutions

No
Large-scale behavioral simulations are widely used to study real-world multi-agent systems. Such programs normally run in discrete time-steps or ticks, with simulated space decomposed into domains that are distributed over a set of workers to achieve parallelism. A distinguishing feature of behavioral simulations is their frequent and high-volume group migration, the phenomenon in which simulated objects traverse domains in groups at massive scale in each tick. This results in continual and significant load imbalance among domains. To tackle this problem, traditional load balancing approaches either require excessive load re-profiling and redistribution, which lead to high computation/communication costs, or perform poorly because their statically partitioned data domains cannot reflect load changes brought by group migration. In this paper, we propose an effective and low-cost load balancing scheme, named Inc-part, based on a key observation that an object is unlikely to move a long distance (across many domains) within a single tick. This localized mobility property allows one to efficiently estimate the load of a dynamic domain incrementally, based on merely the load changes occurring in its neighborhood. The domains experiencing significant load changes are then partitioned or merged, and redistributed to redress load imbalance among the workers. Experiments on a 64-node (1,024-core) platform show that Inc-part can attain excellent load balance with dramatically lowered costs compared to state-of-the-art solutions.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial
Relata-se nesta dissertação o estudo de organização e controlo da produção numa empresa, em fase de crescimento, de artigos de marroquinaria, desenvolvido no contexto da dissertação do Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial da Universidade do Minho. O estudo começa por fazer uma análise cuidada e alargada do funcionamento atual – “as is” – e do desempenho do sistema produtivo. Aplica-se particularmente o método VSM (Value Stream Mapping) para avaliar parte desse desempenho. O trabalho desenvolvido desdobra-se em duas partes principais que são relacionadas: a da reconfiguração do sistema de produção e a do controlo da atividade produtiva (CAP) e do fluxo de materiais. A primeira incide principalmente sobre a fase de preparação de componentes cortados, para poderem ser montados nas linhas de montagem. Esta preparação envolve diversos equipamentos e vários operadores para realizarem as diversas operações de transformação, numa variedade considerável de diferentes componentes que são então, de forma coordenada com os objetivos produtivos semanais, encaminhados para a montagem. A secção de preparação foi reconfigurada em células de tecnologia de grupo, cada uma dedicada a uma família de componentes que interagem com uma secção funcional aí definida. Para tal desenhou-se e usou-se uma metodologia, baseada na teoria, abrangendo as diversas fases do processo de formação e organização das células e sua implantação no espaço fabril. Os resultados deste estudo foram aplicados na prática. A reorganização da preparação permitiu estabilizar a ocupação dos recursos e aproximá-la de 100%, garantindo boa produtividade e bom nível de serviço. Foi feita a aquisição de alguns equipamentos cujo custo se prevê ser reembolsado em 23 meses, resultante apenas da redução conseguida de 45,67% no custo de movimentação de materiais. A segunda parte do trabalho incide no estudo do controlo da atividade produtiva e do fluxo de materiais na secção de preparação incidiu sobre os modos operatórios e na interação entre células. A atividade intercelular tem que ser coordenada já que as famílias de componentes produzidos em cada célula de preparação, não correspondem às famílias de componentes a montar, pelo que o fluxo de produção de umas células tem de ser coordenado com o das outras para que os componentes necessários para montar um lote de um determinado artigo cheguem sincronizadamente à montagem. O modo operatório proposto na preparação resulta de uma hibridação de vários modos conhecidos, com especial semelhança com o working balance e bucket brigades. Portanto, procedimentos foram estabelecidos e implementados para garantir boa coordenação interna, dentro da secção de preparação, a dois níveis: intra e intercelular. O controlo da atividade produtiva numa visão global de interação de todo o sistema produtivo, foi também investigado. Em particular pretendia-se definir prioridades de lançamento do trabalho quer no corte, quer na preparação e nas diversas linhas de montagem, que deveriam convergir para o cumprimento do programa semanal e para um fluxo quase contínuo de produção através do sistema. Para coordenar os lançamentos nas três fases, foi proposto um procedimento de CAP baseado no mecanismo generic Paired-cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization (gPOLCA) que, embora ainda não implementado, poderá trazer benefícios importantes na coordenação e controlo da atividade produtiva e do fluxo de trabalho e materiais, no sistema de produção em geral e nas três fases de corte, preparação e montagem em particular.
This master dissertation reports the work developed in a manufacturing company of leather products for improving manufacturing system organization and control of production. The work involves both study and description of the system organization and operation as is – showing waste in a value stream mapping (VSM), and a contribution for improving them in two main dimensions: system reconfiguration and production activity control (PAC). The first focuses mainly on the manufacturing of components to be assembled in a subsystem called preparation shop. The latter deals also with this section but extend its influence to the other two production phases, namely cutting section and final assembly of components into products to satisfy demand. The preparation shop was reconfigured into Group Technology (GT) cells using a methodology, developed for this study based on the theory, embracing all reconfiguration needs and phases from cell formation to intra and inter-cell layout and implementation in practice. Production at the different cells is coordinated in order to ensure that the components manufactured by them flow in a synchronous way to arrive at the end of production at the same time to form kits to release into assembly on a first-come-first-served (FCFS) basis. Both a procedure to ensure this synchronization together with an operation model based on the hybridization of the working balance and the bucket brigades models were proposed. The reconfiguration of the preparation shop took into account the expected increase in demand and the need to acquire new machines, largely improved operations, creating a much smoother and synchronized materials flow, also brought the shop to high levels of efficiency, with manufacturing stations reaching near 100% utilization. Machines acquired are estimated to be paid back in 23 months based only in reduction of costs of moving materials. The PAC across production phases was also investigated. A few PAC configurations were tested, involving the push and pull paradigms of production and material movement authorization. However, these were not capable of meeting expectations. Thus, this work proposes a new mechanism for PAC, based on the generic Paired-cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization (gPOLCA) mechanism, which is argued to be most suitable and effective for controlling production and material flow across the production system and for coordinating activity among the three sequential production system stages: cutting, preparation and assembly.