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Статті в журналах з теми "Baking quality, Carbon footprint"
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Kuo, Tsai Chi, Miao-Ling Huang, Chia Wei Hsu, Chiuhsiang Joe Lin, Chih-Chun Hsieh, and Chih-Hsing Chu. "Application of data quality indicator of carbon footprint and water footprint." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology 2, no. 1 (January 2015): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40684-015-0006-y.
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Xiloyannis, C., G. Montanaro, and B. Dichio. "SUSTAINABLE ORCHARD MANAGEMENT, FRUIT QUALITY AND CARBON FOOTPRINT." Acta Horticulturae, no. 913 (November 2011): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.913.34.
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Wong, Sui Hsien. "Better quality of care equals better carbon footprint?" Practical Neurology 18, no. 6 (October 3, 2018): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2018-002049.
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Xue, Jian, Zeeshan Rasool, Raima Nazar, Ahmad Imran Khan, Shaukat Hussain Bhatti, and Sajid Ali. "Revisiting Natural Resources—Globalization-Environmental Quality Nexus: Fresh Insights from South Asian Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 4224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084224.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Widespread interference of human activities has resulted in major environmental problems, including pollution, global warming, land degradation, and biodiversity loss, directly affecting the sustainability and quality of the environment and ecosystem. The study aims to address the impact of the extraction of natural resources and globalization on the environmental quality in the South Asian countries for the period 1991–2018. A new methodology Dynamic Common Correlated Effects is used to deal with cross-sectional dependence. Most previous studies use only carbon dioxide emissions, which is an inadequate measure of environmental quality. Besides carbon dioxide emissions, we have used other greenhouse gas emissions like nitrous oxide and methane emissions with a new indicator, “ecological footprint”. Long-run estimation results indicate a positive and significant relationship of natural resources with all greenhouse gas emissions and a negative association with the ecological footprint. Globalization shows a negative association with carbon dioxide emissions and nitrous oxide emissions and a positive relationship with the ecological footprint. Institutional performance is negatively correlated with carbon dioxide emissions, methane emissions, and ecological footprint while positively associated with nitrous oxide emissions. The overall findings highlight the pertinence of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and ecological footprint, proper utilizing of natural resources, enhancing globalization, and improving institutional performance to ensure environmental sustainability.
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González-García, Sara, Xavier Esteve-Llorens, Maria Teresa Moreira, and Gumersindo Feijoo. "Carbon footprint and nutritional quality of different human dietary choices." Science of The Total Environment 644 (December 2018): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.339.
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Bhorkar, M. P., P. Choudhary, A. Chawhan, A. Bijwe, and K. Devgade. "Carbon footprint of a multi-storied residential building during the construction process." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1197, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1197/1/012022.
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Abstract Construction Industry indicates development of the country and it helps in the economic growth which adds productivity and quality of life of citizens. During the manufacturing and the construction processes, there is use and combustion of fossil fuels which results total 39% of total carbon footprint. So, studying carbon footprint for construction companies becomes very important. Many different studies are carried out with giving number of alternatives to reduce the amount of carbon footprint. However, this research is focused mainly on multi-storeyed residential building in renowned city in India, shows the carbon emissions produced by a construction activity right from the material production to the actual execution process. Different Greenhouse gases contributing carbon footprint were also studied & incorporated. Various activities accounting to emissions were listed and their carbon footprint value (in the form of Carbon Dioxide equivalent) was calculated by bottom-up method. The manufacturing of various construction materials and usage of electricity during execution phases of a building causes very bad impact on the environment. The greatest contributors of the carbon footprint are onsite electricity use and building materials manufacturing. Therefore, use of green concrete, renewable energy, prefabricated construction materials and low emission construction equipment & vehicles can help in reducing the values of Carbon Footprint by the construction industry.
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Clement, Matthew Thomas, Chad L. Smith, and Tyler Leverenz. "Quality of Life and the Carbon Footprint: A Zip-Code Level Study Across the United States." Journal of Environment & Development 30, no. 4 (November 18, 2021): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10704965211052130.
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Much sustainability scholarship has examined the environmental dimensions of subjective and objective well-being. As an alternative measure of human well-being, we consider the notion of quality of life and draw on a framework from the sustainability literature to study its association with ecological impact, specifically the carbon footprint. We conduct a quantitative analysis, combining zip-code level data on quality of life and the carbon footprint per household for the year 2012 across the continental United States ( n=29,953). Findings consistently show a significant, negative association between quality of life and the carbon footprint. Our findings point to the potential advantages of utilizing robust objective measures of quality of life that extends beyond economic well-being and life expectancy alone. Furthermore, our findings question the conventional wisdom that sustainability requires sacrifices, while suggesting opportunities for how increased levels of sustainability may be achieved while retaining high levels of quality of life.
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Bellassen, Valentin, Marion Drut, Federico Antonioli, Ružica Brečić, Michele Donati, Hugo Ferrer-Pérez, Lisa Gauvrit, et al. "The Carbon and Land Footprint of Certified Food Products." Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization 19, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jafio-2019-0037.
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Abstract The carbon and land footprint of 26 certified food products – geographical indications and organic products and their conventional references are assessed. This assessment goes beyond existing literature by (1) designing a calculation method fit for the comparison between certified food and conventional production, (2) using the same calculation method and parameters for 52 products – 26 Food Quality Schemes and their reference products – to allow for a meaningful comparison, (3) transparently documenting this calculation method and opening access to the detailed results and the underlying data, and (4) providing the first assessment of the carbon and land footprint of geographical indications. The method used is Life Cycle Assessment, largely relying on the Cool Farm Tool for the impact assessment. The most common indicator of climate impact, the carbon footprint expressed per ton of product, is not significantly different between certified foods and their reference products. The only exception to this pattern are vegetal organic products, whose carbon footprint is 16% lower. This is because the decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from the absence of mineral fertilizers is never fully offset by the associated lower yield. The climate impact of certified food per hectare is however 26% than their reference and their land footprint is logically 24% higher. Technical specifications directly or indirectly inducing a lower use of mineral fertilizers are a key driver of this pattern. So is yield, which depends both on terroir and farming practices. Overall, this assessment reinforces the quality policy of the European Union: promoting certified food is not inconsistent with mitigating climate change.
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Kuittinen, Matti. "Does the use of recycled concrete lower the carbon footprint in humanitarian construction?" International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 7, no. 5 (November 14, 2016): 472–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-04-2015-0016.
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Purpose This study investigates the carbon footprint of the alternative structure types and materials used for the reconstruction of schools in Haiti. Are recycled construction materials more environmental than virgin materials? To estimate which alternative construction solution has the smallest carbon footprint, a survey was made for the school model used for the reconstruction programme in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake. Design/methodology/approach The carbon footprint was calculated using life cycle assessment methodology for five different concrete structure alternatives and five different cement mixes for the same design of a school building. In addition, the uptake of CO2 through the carbonation of concrete during 50 years was calculated. Findings The carbon footprint of recycled materials can be either the best or worst option, depending on how the materials are used. The difference to using virgin materials is not big. This is mainly due to the lower structural performance of recycled materials, which needs to be compensated for by using additional reinforcements. Using cement mixes that have high amounts of substitutes for cement seems to lower the carbon footprint of structures considerably. The uptake of CO2 in carbonation has potential but requires an optimal design and environment. Originality/value The findings give information for humanitarian project managers and designers on lowering the carbon footprint of their construction projects.
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Ortiz-Rodríguez, Oscar O., Raquel A. Villamizar-Gallardo, Carlos A. Naranjo-Merino, Rafael G. García-Caceres, and María T. Castañeda-galvís. "Carbon footprint of the colombian cocoa production." Engenharia Agrícola 36, no. 2 (April 2016): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v36n2p260-270/2016.
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ABSTRACT Cocoa is an important commercial crop in the tropics; and estimating the carbon emissions in the producing-areas is a worthwhile effort. The main goal of the current paper was to evaluate the carbon footprint (CF) per kilogram of Colombian cocoa bean produced under conventional and agroforestry managements, following the methods proposed by PAS 2050. In this research, we compared our results to other worldwide researches, showing an overview of the current limitations and challenges involving the CF researches. Our results showed that all calculated environmental burdens were lower for the conventional management. In the agroforestry practice, composting of cocoa pod husks contributed with approximately 34.00E+00 g methane and 2.55E+00 g nitrous oxide emissions per kilogram of cocoa grain produced. Therefore, such practice could reduce CF by 6.00E+00 kg CO2 Eq kg-1, which is certainly a significant amount. These cocoa residues left on the ground have a strong impact on CF of both studied managements due to the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, which represents more than 85% of emissions. We concluded that both evaluated production processes can emit environmental burdens at the same magnitude. Definitely, there is a widespread need to improve cocoa production system by changing old and less productive plants to the so called clones to ensure cocoa yield and quality worldwide.
Дисертації з теми "Baking quality, Carbon footprint"
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Díaz, Muñoz Jorge Gerardo. "Development of sustainable tannin with low carbon footprint to obtain high quality leather." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145382.
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Today we are experiencing an "eco friendly boom"; which includes the developing of ecological processes that have a smaller impact in the environment. This is the reason that prompted me to carrying out this thesis; the aim is to use a vegetable extract as a sustainable product for the pre-tanning processes. This study considers the use of the fruit of the Tara tree as a raw material source of tannins with low carbon footprint and proposes alternatives to avoid or reduce the use of commercial vegetable extracts, synthetic products and mineral salts that require non sustainable processes. Various experimental designs have been developed as to obtain new tailored Tara tannins by both chemical and physical modification, in order to obtain a higher percentage of tannins, and therefore improve its tanning capability, also reducing the astringency and improving the penetration of the tannin molecules through the leather structure. In chemical modifications, several aqueous extractions at different temperatures and combined with some chemicals, have been developed and optimized in order to increase the tannin content and reduce the astringency. The degree of hydrolysis has controlled by measuring the Gallic acid content by means of HPLC (High performance liquid Chromatography). In the physical modification part, the Tara has been milled and sieved, at several particle sizes, with the aim of obtaining a smaller molecular size.
Both chemical and physical modifications were tested in hides, in a wet-white pre-tanning process, combining them with the fewest possible commercial vegetable extracts and syntans. The formulations have been optimized by experimental design. All the resulting leather products and final baths have been analyzed with physical and chemical tests respectively, to determine if they comply with the parameters established by the IULTCS (International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies). Finally, a life cycle assessment has been developed, in order to determine the environmental improvement of the new modified product, obtained in this thesis.
This thesis is also supported with articles published in magazines specialized in the Leather sector. There are two articles published in the Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA), named:
*Low carbon products for the design of innovative leather processes. Part I: determination of the optimal chemical modification of tara. . (JALCA, Vol. 108, pag. 386-391, 2013)
*Low carbon products for the design of innovative leather processes. Part II: determination of the optimal physical modification of tara. (JALCA, Vol. 109, pag. 25-31, 2014)
One article pending to be published in the Journal of AQEIC (Spanish Leather Chemists Association) Application of Sustainable tannins with Low carbon footprint,And presented in the 62nd Congress of AQEIC, Lorca (Murcia), May 10th and 11th, 2013
Presentation: "Aplicación de taninos sostenibles con baja huella de carbono"
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SENNA, MARY L. G. S. de. "A aplicabilidade do índice de qualidade de vida, da pegada ecológica do turismo e dos indicadores de sustentabilidade da Organização das Nações Unidas para destinos turísticos de pequeno porte: um estudo de caso no Jalapão/TO." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26816.
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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-11-11T12:57:29Z
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Neste trabalho buscou-se conhecer as perspectivas de sustentabilidade socioambiental no contexto do desenvolvimento do turismo na cidade de Mateiros/Tocantins. Para tanto, foi avaliada a aplicabilidade em destino de pequeno porte dos indicadores de sustentabilidade: Índice de Qualidade de Vida (IQV), Indicadores de Sustentabilidade da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e Pegada Ecológica do Turismo. Percebeu-se que houve um incremento no IQV da cidade de Mateiros de 32,82% após o estabelecimento do turismo, com destaque para as famílias que atuam na produção das peças de artesanato de capim dourado. A mudança, de 0,162 para 0,215, indica que apesar de ter havido uma elevação na qualidade de vida das famílias entrevistadas, o IQV permaneceu baixo, isto é, com valores entre zero e 0,499. Tal fato demonstra que a qualidade de vida das famílias não é satisfatória. Quanto à ferramenta da ONU, percebeu-se que não há sistematização de dados suficientes para que esta ferramenta possa ser utilizada pelos órgãos governamentais na captação de recursos e utilização destes para criar novas políticas públicas para a região. Tal fato demonstra uma ineficácia em destinos de pequeno porte que se assemelhem à cidade de Mateiros na forma em que foi utilizado nesse trabalho. Quanto à Pegada Ecológica do Turismo, de acordo com a metodologia proposta, são necessários 2.194,2263 hectares de terras para absorver o CO2 demandado pela atividade turística na região. A categoria com maior impacto foi terras de energia fóssil na subcategoria transporte terrestre. Conclui-se, então, que os indicadores de sustentabilidade Pegada Ecológica do Turismo e Índice de Qualidade de Vida mostraram-se ferramentas eficazes para se avaliar as perspectivas de sustentabilidade de destinos de pequeno porte.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Mancini, Marco. "Agronomic techniques for precision management of field crops." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1275132.
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Lin, Qiumei. "Is There a Relationship Among Overall Nutritional Quality Index, Carbon Footprint and the Price of Food?" Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/15831.
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This study explores the relationship among the overall nutritional quality index (ONQI), the carbon footprint and price of 90 different foods. The ONQI and carbon footprint measure the healthiness and environmental impact of a food, respectively. Two models are estimated. The first is a hedonic model of the food price and two characteristics: ONQI and carbon footprint. A positive relationship between price and carbon footprint is found, implying higher priced foods have a larger environmental impact. The second model is a regression of ONQI on price and carbon footprint. A negative, non-linear relationship between ONQI and carbon footprint is found. This implies there is a complementary relationship between the healthiness of food and its environmental impact. Both models show that healthier food is also higher priced. This could explain why poorer consumers are less healthy than richer consumers, and why taxing food would disproportionately impact the health of the poor.
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Hsuing, Ying Chih, and 熊英芝. "Study for a High Quality Community Industry: Carbon Footprint Evaluation of Furniture Production made from Recycled Wooden Pallet as an Example." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4jys42.
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碩士逢甲大學
都市計畫與空間資訊學系
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From a recycling clothing business as a self-sufficient way to support the community, the Dazhong Community Development Association has developed a series of environmental conscious classes and material to educate local residents to cope with the community environment friendly for years in the West District, Taichung. Later, the Dazhong Community found a way to use the recycling wooden pallets from the nearby factories to make the handcrafts, chairs and desks and to donate theses furniture to the community. Eventually, these recycling wooden pallets can realized the road leading to a community industrial enterprise from a non-profit organization in a community. The Dazhong Community uses the poor and the medium and high aged labors in the local area to produce wooden furniture with some basic wooden craft trainings to serve the residents in the community. The present research analyzes carbon footprint with the use of the recycling wooden pallets. It also investigates the possibilities of the role for a community recycling industry in the carbon trade business. The carbon footprint analysis is based on the recycling process from the collection of various different sizes of the pallet woods to the design and development and finally to produce furniture. All the tools and machines and the production management efforts are also included in this analysis. The result shows the furniture production made from recycling wooden pallet not only can bring a new momentum to community building but also can create a positive effect to environment protection. This research also reveals a possible space existing in industry academic cooperation in cultural and creative aesthetics industrial design of wooden furniture.
Книги з теми "Baking quality, Carbon footprint"
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Niblett, Matthew, and Kris Beuret, eds. Why Travel? Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529216363.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Why travel? What motivations underpin the journeys we make? And how can we make decisions that improve our travel experiences? Arguing that the desire to move is a purpose in itself, this book brings together leading experts to provide insights from multiple viewpoints across the sciences, arts and humanities. Together, they examine key travel motivations, including the importance of travel for human well-being, as well as how this can reconciled with challenges such as reducing our carbon footprint, adapting new mobility technologies, and improving the quality of our journeys. The book shows how our travel choices are shaped by a wide range of social, physical, psychological and cultural factors, which have profound implications for the design of future transport policies. Offering thought-provoking and practical new perspectives, this fascinating book will be essential for all those who have ever wondered why we travel and how it relates to our fundamental needs.
Частини книг з теми "Baking quality, Carbon footprint"
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Tiedemann, Jörg, Mikko Aulamo, Sam Hardwick, and Tommi Nieminen. "Open Translation Models, Tools and Services." In European Language Grid, 325–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17258-8_24.
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AbstractThe ambition of the Open Translation Models, Tools and Services (OPUSMT) project is to develop state-of-the art neural machine translation (NMT) models that can freely be distributed and applied in research as well as professional applications. The goal is to pre-train translation models on a large scale on openly available parallel data and to create a catalogue of such resources for streamlined integration and deployment. For the latter we also implement and improve web services and computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools that can be used in on-line interfaces and professional workflows. Furthermore, we want to enable the re-use of models to avoid repeating costly training procedures from scratch and with this contribute to a reduction of the carbon footprint in MT research and development. The ELG pilot project focused on European minority languages and improved translation quality in low resource settings and the integration of MT services in the ELG infrastructure.
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Rafał Kędzia, Jacek, Anna Maria Sitko, Józef Tadeusz Haponiuk, and Justyna Kucińska Lipka. "Natural Rubber Latex - Origin, Specification and Application." In Application and Characterization of Rubber Materials [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107985.
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The chapter contains information about the origin of natural rubber latex (NRL) (Hevea brasiliensis) and the processing of field latex, considering quality changes occurring during the preparation of raw materials for distribution. The main types of concentrated natural rubber latex are described. A specification of natural rubber latex (NRL) in terms of key parameters tested by manufacturers and customers is presented. Test methods for verifying if the material meets the requirements of ISO 2004 and internal specifications are described based on standards and commonly used techniques. The next subject touched in the chapter is prevulcanization as the processing of concentrated latex with a change of its properties. One of the main industrial applications of NRL as prevulcanized latex (PV) is the production of dipped goods like gloves or balloons. Currently, some trends and challenges relate to sustainability issues are presented (carbon footprint, FSC).
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Ayub, Muhammad Ashar, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Wajid Umar, Muhammad Nadeem, Zahoor Ahmad, Hina Fatima, Irfan Iftikhar, and Muhammad Zohaib Anjum. "Role of Urban Vegetation." In Examining International Land Use Policies, Changes, and Conflicts, 231–51. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4372-6.ch012.
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Increasing world population is the main reason behind rapid urbanization which is coupled with environmental pollutions (i.e., air, water, soil, noise, and atmospheric pollution). Urbanization is responsible for deteriorating living standards and quality of life for humans in major metropolitan cities around the world. The urban ecosystem leaves a major impact on world renewable resources and carbon footprint. Urban vegetation and forests can help in net balancing and buffering of immense pollutant surge intro urban ecosystems being done due to urbanization. Extensive urbanization is responsible for more and more wastewater and gaseous pollutant release in the environment which urban forests can help tackle effectively. Moreover, city vegetation also plays a critical role in decreasing city surface temperatures thus helping shrinkage of the urban heat island. The present draft presents the role of urban vegetation in effective management and buffering of urban microclimate.
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Gradinaru, Giani Ionel, Alina Paula Moise, and Raluca Dana Caplescu. "Phenomena Implied by Sustainable and Green Retrofitting." In Retrofitting for Optimal Energy Performance, 121–42. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9104-7.ch006.
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With all the new technology and scientific progress, the human population is significantly increasing, and the planet will hardly support the overpopulation. The increase of the carbon footprint and natural resources decrease with each human. Society must find solutions to use resources in a smart way, reducing the ecological impact and stopping the cities from sprawling. Instead of extending the manmade environment and using more resources, we can act on what we have, upgrading our buildings by using sustainable and green retrofitting and making them energy efficient and environmentally friendly, while covering our cultural, social and psychological needs. Overpopulation, as well as depopulation/migration, greatly affects architecture. This study aims at finding retrofit solutions and strategies in an attempt to improve the existing urban environment quality and buildings' energy efficiency, provide interior comfort and contribute to aesthetic urban image, as well as doing so in a cheap and efficient way.
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Pathare, Pankaj B., Anthony Paul Roskilly, and Sandeep Jagtap. "Energy Efficiency in Meat Processing." In Novel Technologies and Systems for Food Preservation, 78–107. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7894-9.ch004.
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Energy conservation plays a vital role towards sustainable development of meat processing. Energy costs for many meat plants represent the fourth highest operational cost. In meat processing, moderate levels of both electrical and thermal energy are consumed in wide range of processes and applications. However, energy efficiency improvement in the meat processing industry have been a focus to increase the sustainability of meat processing in the past decades. This chapter started with the examination of the energy use in meat processing facilities. The emerging energy-efficient technologies for meat processing were discussed in detail. Energy requirement for well-cooked meats varies with cooking method, appliances, and consumer behavior. Energy consumption reduction during meat cooking may have an influence on global energy requirement. Selection of cooking method, fuel, and cookware are beneficial for reducing the carbon footprint of the cooking unit. This chapter also presents the effects on quality characteristics of meat and meat products by different cooking methods.
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Kohli, A. "Pineapple Natural Fibre Composite: Extraction, Mechanical Properties and Application." In Materials Research Foundations, 282–302. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901854-12.
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In the present scenario, one out of every five persons on the globe suffers from osteoporosis and other bone-related disorders. This disease has no age restrictions and can strike anybody between the ages of 10 and 100, even newborns. The aforementioned concerns are the consequence of lifestyle disorders as well as damage to the body, which affects the concerned person's body internally, resulting in the aforementioned issues as well as a shortage of Vitamin D. As a result, crutches and other rehabilitation items are in high demand. The above tools are often composed of wood, aluminium, or a steel/aluminum alloy, with Nylon 6/6 cuffs in the case of crutches. Many trees are felt as a result of the creation of such instruments. There is also a significant carbon footprint. As a result, an alternate material for the same purposes is required. Taking cues from the aforementioned issue and waste material in the sphere of residential trash, a PALF composite was identified due to its ease of availability as well as its superior quality and mechanical qualities.
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Dickerson, Keith, David Faulkner, Nigel Wall, and Simon Watts. "Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Broadband Satellite Systems." In Green Services Engineering, Optimization, and Modeling in the Technological Age, 192–222. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8447-8.ch008.
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This chapter describes the environmental assessment of hybrid broadband satellite systems using the latest lifecycle analysis (LCA) techniques. The BATS (Broadband Access via integrated Terrestrial and Satellite systems) project has based its assessments on the GHG Protocol approach, with the ETSI LCA and ITU-T L.1400 methodology series used to provide more detailed guidance where this is needed. This assessment has shown that it is possible to employ cut off rules and approximations to reduce the cost or length of an assessment and still provide useful results. The assessment has shown that, using current technology for the IUG and satellite modem, the carbon footprint of a hybrid broadband satellite network can be comparable with that of a terrestrial (fixed or mobile) network for an equivalent level of service when the use of low-power states are considered. The implementation of these states in future commercial systems should be explored. Finally ways are suggested to reduce the environmental impact of hybrid broadband satellite systems, in particular by reducing energy (power) consumption during the use stage. Key issues include how to compare the energy efficiency of a hybrid broadband satellite network with other methods of broadband delivery, how to accurately assess the carbon embodied during the production of the equipment, and how to use low-power modes to reduce energy consumption without affecting the response time or quality of experience (QoE).
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Saliu, Ibiwumi, and Evangelisca Akiomon. "Sustainable Housing in Developing Countries: A Reality or a Mirage." In Sustainable Housing. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99060.
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Efficient houses built in a way that respect resources and could last long in quality systems are said to be the way forward in achieving a low carbon footprint and a sustainable environment. These houses are constructed from high performance, energy saving materials with an energy maximizing building orientations. Findings have shown that as much as housing is a basic human need, in developing countries, around 40–75% of the population in fast growing cities is housed in squatter settlements without basic amenities and services. In sub-Saharan Africa, 59% of the populations in urban regions live in slums, about 30% in the Latin and Caribbean, 28% in Asia and Pacific region. Population migrate massively to big cities in search of green pastures, which has invariably turned green pastures into ‘brown’ if not ‘red’ pastures due to overcrowding and other social menace, turning houses to mere shelters. Energy efficiency or environmental friendly housing is far from the thoughts of dwellers which still crave to have or maintain a roof over their heads. Whereas government policies are majorly jeered towards constructing houses, if sustainable, would only be affordable for a few well to do population neglecting the homeless masses. Therefore, this chapter aims to expound on the situation of housing in developing countries as well as the possibility of achieving sustainable housing.
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Shah, Rishika, R. K. Pandit, and M. K. Gaur. "Applications and Development of Solar Systems in Buildings." In Solar Thermal Systems: Thermal Analysis and its Application, 345–62. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815050950122010017.
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Many harmful effects on the environment can be observed over the past decades due to the extensive usage of non-renewable energy. Most discussed and harmful are the ever-changing global climate change scenarios and their aftermath. As a point of fact, a major part of the world’s energy consumption is dependent on non-renewable energy sources, such as petroleum, oil, coal, and gas. Unquestionably, these fossil fuels contribute a great deal to greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide, methane, etc., which further leads to global health issues, global warming, and climate change. With the emergence of sustainable development as a holistic concept since the late 1980s, the issue of global warming has been given prominent attention. It is evident that failure to curb global warming has led to slower progress in achieving sustainable development. About 30% of energy demand is from the built environment sector, which is also responsible for contributing 28% of carbon emissions and continues to add an estimated 1% every year, according to reports by UN Environment [1]. Therefore, the fossil fuel-based energy systems are antagonistic with the goals of sustainable development agendas. Hence, using renewable sources in harnessing clean energy for the built environment has not remained a choice but a fundamental need. Solar energy is one of the cleanest renewable energy sources that provide solutions to climate change and global warming. Often termed as the alternative energy source against oil and coal-based energy sources, solar energy has the potential for abundant availability and is an economical way with a lower ecological and environmental footprint, leading to a better quality of life. Thus, there is a massive amount of global interest in harnessing solar energy for its application and development in building systems.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Baking quality, Carbon footprint"
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Li, Yong, Joseph McManus, and Howard Thompson. "Cost-Effective and Environmentally Sustainable Permanent Magnet Motor for Artificial Lift." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210208-ms.
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Abstract The challenge of climate change and the imperative of moving to a low carbon economy has intensified and added to traditional objectives of affordable, safe, and clean energy in oil and gas production. Recycling parts from artificial lift equipment has been an industry-standard practice for decades. Equipment component reclaim has been a way to deliver high-quality, cost-effective products to our customers, especially in tough market times. It will be a critical best practice to reduce carbon emissions and enhance environmental sustainability. With customer cooperation, service companies develop procedures to re-use the most significant components of an Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) system. These include the pump, cable, seal chamber section, and motor. The motor stator, bearings, and rotors are a high percentage of reclaimable parts in an ESP system. Reclaiming the induction motor (IM) rotors has been standard practice for decades. However, with the advent of permanent magnet motors (PMM) and the change in rotor construction, the current process does not apply. The driving force for PMM application is to improve energy efficiency and lower cradle to grave carbon emissions. We could not fully realize the vision of environmental sustainability and reduced carbon footprint if PMM rotors were not part of the reclaim process. Therefore, recycling the PMM rotors strengthens the justification for replacing IMs with PMMs, especially given that the value of magnetic material is highly variable and has doubled in the past year. The PMM rotors from a recovered motor may suffer from de-magnetization or be contaminated with production fluids or metal debris. Like IM rotors, the most effective method to remove contaminants from the PM rotor is to bake at high temperatures for a period. However, baking the PMM rotor magnets at elevated temperatures will be at least partially de-magnetized during the process and result in the PMM rotors no longer meeting performance specifications. This paper will present innovative technology and apparatus to re-magnetize the de-magnetized rotors for reclaiming. The research has developed a process where, without disassembling the rotor, the magnets in the rotor are re-magnetized in-situ by a specific apparatus. Testing has proven that PMMs assembled with reclaimed rotors have the same performance-rated power and torque as those built with new rotors. On the other hand, since magnets in PMMs account for more than 50% of total carbon emission of all reclaimable parts in PMMs, factoring in mining, manufacturing, logistics, and processing of magnets that generates toxic by-products to the environment, PMM rotor recycling contributes to corporate responsibility and our overall ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) rating. Furthermore, reclaiming PMM rotors can enable us to build PMM more cost-effectively, gain competitiveness in the market, and keep our PMM supply chain more stabilized.
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Orosz, Tamas, Peter Poor, Pavel Karban, and David Panek. "Power Transformer Design Optimization for Carbon Footprint." In 2019 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference (PQ) & 2019 Symposium on Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics (SEEM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pq.2019.8818261.
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Zaidani, Mouna, Rashid Abu Al-Rub, Abdul Raouf Tajik, and Tariq Shamim. "Computational Modeling of the Effect of Flue-Wall Deformation on the Carbon Anode Quality for Aluminum Production." In ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2017-5063.
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The flue-wall deformation during the service life of carbon anode baking furnaces has a substantial impact on the carbon anode quality (i.e., thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties) used in the reduction cell of aluminum production. Deformation of the furnace flue-walls, which is one critical mode of furnace aging, leads among others to inhomogeneous baking of the anodes and consequently to a deterioration of the resulting anode quality. This paper focuses on the development of a 3D multi-physics computational model, which is able to take into account a large number of physical phenomena and parameters that play a role in the baking process while considering different levels of the flue-wall deformation. In fact, this 3D model takes into account the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling due to coupled fluid flow and transient heat transfer, packing coke load and the thermal expansion, and enable us to analyze the influence of these parameters on the resistance to deflection of the flue-walls, and ultimately improved baking process and furnace geometry can be proposed The developed model can predict the anode temperature distribution, creation of hot spot and anode overbaking in certain area as a function of the flue wall deformation mode. By developing this tool, we can effectively predict the deformable flue wall reliability under varying operating conditions, and provide useful insights on enhancing the long-term structural integrity through furnace retrofitting or design adjustment.
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Ammouri, Ali H., Issam Srour, and Ramsey F. Hamade. "Carbon Footprint Calculator for Construction Projects." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63366.
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With the advent of awareness regarding carbon emissions and desirable reduction, this paper provides a calculator for the estimation of carbon footprint resulting from construction projects. For this purpose, we developed a software toolkit dubbed ‘Carbon Footprint Calculator for Construction Projects (CFCCP)’ capable of building a complete construction material database of carbon emissions. This is accomplished by accounting for wide range variables including construction size, landscape, and material construction. This calculator yields more accurate estimates as compared with other recently introduced calculators which consider only the general inputs of a certain project and produce estimates within ±25% accuracy. In this paper, the cost of the accuracy is accomplished via quality library variables such as project design plan, detailed bill of quantities (BOQ), and schedule timeline. The tool automatically outputs a detailed report describing the tasks and their associated carbon emissions which enables managers to take corrective measures to minimize these emissions before the onset of the project. Although the focus of this paper is on construction projects, the utilization of CFCCP may also be extended to other project types if database files for the project material can be built. For example, potential applications may involve the design of green buildings given that these kinds of buildings typically utilize materials from distant sources resulting in noticeable increase in their initial carbon footprint.
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Prejmerean, Vasile, Ovidiu Ghiran, Militon Frentiu, and Vasile Cioban. "Decision Support System for minimizing carbon footprint (impact on global warming)." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics (AQTR 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aqtr.2010.5520778.
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Tajik, Abdul Raouf, Mouna Zaidani, Tariq Shamim, and Rashid K. Abu Al-Rub. "Investigating Effects of Different Flue-Wall Deformation Modes on the Performance of Anode Baking Furnaces for Aluminum Electrolysis." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10507.
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Abstract In carbon anode baking furnaces, temperature and quality of carbon anodes are significantly affected by the deformation of the flue-walls, where the flue-gases flow and combustion occur. Flue-walls aging gives rise to non-homogeneous baking of the carbon anodes and results in deterioration of the anode quality, which eventually causes instabilities in aluminum reduction cells and overconsumption of anodes and energy. It is imperative to develop a fully coupled 3D multi-physics computational model which takes into account a large number of physical phenomena that play vital roles in the baking process and are affected by the flue-wall deformation mode. In the present study, the effects of flue-wall deformation modes on flue-wall cavity gas flow and anode temperature distribution are investigated. The pressure and flow distributions for different levels of flue-wall deformation are demonstrated. It is perceived that a 100 mm convex mode of flue-wall deformation leads to under-baking of anodes by almost 20 degC. For the concave mode of deformation, since the packing coke thickness reduces, overbaking of anode occurs. The methodology and results presented in the present research can be employed effectively by the aluminum industry in modifying the furnace geometrical and operational parameters to enhance baking uniformity after flue-wall is deformed.
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Tajik, Abdul Raouf, Tariq Shamim, Ahmed F. Ghoniem, and Rashid K. Abu Al-Rub. "CFD Modelling of NOx and Soot Formation in Aluminum Anode Baking Furnace." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88390.
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The cost and quality of aluminum produced by the reduction process are strongly dependent on heat treated (baked) carbon anodes. A typical aluminum smelter requires more than half a million tons of carbon anodes for producing one million ton of aluminum. The anode baking process is very energy intensive, approximately requires 2GJ of energy per ton of carbon anodes. Moreover, pollutant emissions such as NOx and soot formation are of major concern in the aluminum anode baking furnace. The current study aims at developing an accurate numerical platform for predicting the combustion and emissions characteristics of an anode baking furnace. The Brookes and Moss model, and the extended Zeldovich mechanism are employed to estimate soot and NOx concentration, respectively. Considering a fire group of three burner bridges, one after the other in the fire direction, combustion and emissions features of these three firing sections are interrelated in terms of oxidizer’s concentration and temperature. In the present study, considering this interconnection, the effect of diluted oxygen concentration at elevated oxidizer’s temperature (∼1200°C), which are the key features of the moderate or intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion are analyzed. It is observed that by circulating some of the exhaust gases through the ABF crossovers, oxygen dilution occurs which results in higher fuel efficiency, lower pollutant emissions, and more homogeneous flow and temperature fields.
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Mossop, John, and Daniel McLaughlin. "Carbon Transportation and Storage, from Shore to Seabed." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31878-ms.
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Abstract The Energy Transition is redefining how energy is produced, consumed, and viewed. Many consumers today are requiring a more sustainable method of energy generation as a means of combatting climate change, and nations have pledged to take steps to control climate emissions. Newly developed methods of energy generation and solutions to decarbonize industrial zones, are essential to achieving carbon reduction commitments, and maintain the quality of life expected in today's world. The company has committed to continue to develop and improve its Green by Design™ products to further reduce customer CO2 emissions. Investing the time and resources to develop equipment used in the injection and storage of CO2 in depleted subsea reservoirs, is a natural fit for most companies with subsea expertise. Having a cost-effective, safe and sustainable plan to transport, inject, store, and monitor CO2 has become the latest challenge facing the offshore industry, but as carbon taxes are implemented around the globe, the economic benefits outweigh the costs. Industry needs to find solutions to fulfill the worlds desire to inject and store CO2. The development of partnerships/collaborations with logistics and storage development companies to create a plan to address the loading, transportation, injection, storage, and remote monitoring of CO2 is fundamental to enhancing the scale needed to address a global problem. This ‘shore to seabed’ solution allows industrial CO2 producers to cost-effectively reduce their carbon footprint. This coupled with field-proven wellhead and compact tree systems along with patented, carbon footprint reducing technology, can allow CO2 storage operators to economically store CO2 offshore long-term. Digital monitoring around the injection site, which is enabled by a move towards a full electric field further enables optimization and proactive maintenance.
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Tomić, Daniel, and Saša Stjepanović. "In Searching for Greener Economic Outcomes; Identification of Factors Influencing Green GDP." In Society’s Challenges for Organizational Opportunities: Conference Proceedings. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2022.72.
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The recent slowdown in CO2 emission is largely result of three factors; weaker economic growth due to global crisis aftermaths, continual improvements in energy intensity and shifts to lower carbon energy thus higher carbon footprint of energy. Various approaches such as IPAT and/or KAYA identities are used to analyze the input factors of CO2 emissions, playing a crucial role in the creation of distinct emission forecasts. In addition, Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesizes a positive relation between income and environmental quality. Arguments that came out of the controversies regarding the validity of these identities provided relevant theoretical discussion for the claim that economic growth can be achieved on sustainable and green foundations. Based on a scarce number of papers related to Green GDP – energy intensity – carbon footprint nexus, we want to analyze how major environmental factors (GDP per capita, emissions of CO2, energy consumption per GDP and carbon intensity per unit energy) affect the so-called green growth perspective. Long-run empirical assessment is founded on a panel cointegration modelling for the period 2007-2019 for the sample of 37 European countries. The results confront some established environmental stances, confirming the negative effect of GDP per capita and CO2 emissions, and a positive effect of both energy intensity and carbon footprint on the green growth developments.
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Johnson, Carl R., Suleyman Sari, Alex Ahrenst, and Irem Gozubuyuk. "Energy Transition by Employing a Self-Healing, Reduced Carbon Dioxide Footprint Sealant in a Strategic Underground Gas Storage Project." In SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209644-ms.
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Abstract The Tuz Gölü underground gas storage (UGS) project is a strategic venture in Turkey's energy program. This gas storage facility will be the largest in Europe, having multibillion m3 capacity, by taking advantage of the optimal gas storage conditions offered by subterranean salt caverns. Upon reaching the reservoir, one of the important goals is to obtain hydraulic isolation between the surface and the casing. Inadequate downhole isolation may well result in interzonal communication, gas migration, casing corrosion, and sustained casing pressure. Furthermore, gas flow to surface formations and/or to the atmosphere, could impact the environment and health along with an underlying economic impact. Wellbore isolation was introduced in the form of fully salt-saturated gas control and self-healing cement systems. When drilling into salt caverns, the foremost challenge is to minimize the dissolution of the in-situ salt formation by means of contact with water-based cementing fluids, which can lead to the creation of new flow paths. This occurrence must be prevented at all costs; otherwise, stored gas might leak through these microchannels. Unlike typical salt formations, this candidate field also contains carbon dioxide (CO2). Most wells in the field had a prognosis toward low CO2 content, so cement exposure to CO2 was not deemed an elevated risk; however, if the CO2 exposure risk increased, it would potentially generate an additional challenge both in terms of gas migration control and long-term cement integrity. Currently, more than 100 cementing operations have been performed in the candidate field. After pumping 3,500 metric ton of cement and blending 750 metric ton of the tailored self-healing cement, more than 300 laboratory tests were performed. More than 15,000 staff-hours of testing supported construction of 32 UGS wells, fully cemented with zero health, safety, and environment (HSE) or service quality incidents and, importantly, with outstanding bond log results. Completion strings in 15 wells have already been run where wells are prepared to store gas; the ongoing project is now expanded to 50 UGS wells. Furthermore, an intrinsic benefit of the self-healing cement system is reduced CO2 footprint vs. conventional class G cement, which can be nominally 40% less CO2 per unit volume. With involvement of local laboratories and technical experts in the region, salt-saturated gas-control and self-healing cement slurry systems have been developed and successfully deployed. Information regarding these system's liquid and set properties will be presented, along with techniques used to enhance certain cement properties. The field cases that will be presented describe how challenges were overcome in successfully sealing UGS wells in a highly saline environment, and how the self-healing technology applied in these wells is being extended to include salt-saturated systems and CO2-resistant versions elsewhere.
Звіти організацій з теми "Baking quality, Carbon footprint"
1
van Harn, J., A. Rezaei Far, M. M. van Krimpen, J. Phuc, and C. Veiga. Low crude protein diets supplemented with free amino acids in laying hens : effects on performance, egg quality, N-efficiency, N-excretion, economics and diet carbon footprint. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/557184.
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